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DRY TYPE TRANSFORMER

INSULATION HANDBOOK

ISO 9001: 2008 CERTIFIED FABRICATOR OF THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS

THE GUND COMPANY
2121 WALTON ROAD
ST. LOUIS, MO 63114
TEL (314) 423-5200 FAX (314) 423-9009
WWW.THEGUNDCOMPANY.COM

Table of Contents
I. Introduction to the Gund Company
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Our Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Primary Customer Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Transformer Insulation Components Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-8

II. Transformer Coil Insulation Components

Coil Insulation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Winding Bobbins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insulating Core Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conductor Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Layer Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Layer Insulation Tape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intra-Coil Phase Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inter-Coil Phase Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Winding Combs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coil Shims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air Duct (Axial) Spacer Sticks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

III.Coil Support & Superstructure Components

Coil Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Insulating Nuts & Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27
Phase Barriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Insulating Angles & Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Stand-off Insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

IV.Tap Changer Components

Tap Changer Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

V. Material Data Sheets

Laminate Sheet, Rod, & Tubing
Glass Epoxy Laminate Sheet & Tubes (NEMA Grades G-10/FR4 & G-11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-35

Glass Polyester Molded Insulation Materials

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Glass Polyester Molded Sheets (NEMA Grades GPO-1, GPO-2, GPO-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36-39
Glass Polyester Molded Sheet, NEMA Grade N180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Glass Polyester Molded Sheet, DuraNohl N220. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet, 220C Grade SG-200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet, 220C Grade HST-II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Glass Polyester Pultruded Angles & Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-45
Glass Polyester Molded Stand-off Insulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-49
Glass Polyester Pultruded Shapes (Rods, Dogbones, & Squares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Table of Contents
Nomex Insulating Materials
NomexTM Aramid Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-53
NomexTM Paper Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Other Flexible Transformer Insulation Materials

Quin-T Family of Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55-60
PolyPro FR, Flame Retardant Polypropylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Other Transformer Insulation Materials

Glass Epoxy Filament Wound Tubing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

VI. Appendix
Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-68
Winding Comb Order Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Application Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Contacting The Gund Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Tel (314) 423-5200

Fax (314) 423-9009

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Section I
Introduction to The Gund Company

Preface
The Gund Company has been in the electrical insulation manufacturing, fabrication,
and distribution business for over fifty years. We have introduced the Dry Type Transformer
Insulation Handbook to better serve our customers in the manufacturing and repair of dry type
transformer equipment.

Section I of this handbook offers some background information on The Gund Company
and the segments of the electrical industry that we serve. Sections II, III, and IV of this book
contain transformer insulation application information. Section V contains the technical data
sheets for transformer insulation materials and Section VI, the final section, discusses Application
Engineering and contact information for The Gund Company.

This handbook is intended for manufacturing engineers, repair specialists, field service
technicians, purchasing agents, shop foremen, and everyone who may be involved in the
specification, selection, and use of electrical insulating materials for transformer equipment.
The reader should be advised that this handbook does not represent a complete account of
The Gund Companys products and services nor a complete record of all insulation materials
utilized in the many and varied transformer designs. Instead, it is meant to be a collection of
technical information pertaining to the most commonly encountered insulation materials and
their application in transformers. If a desired product or component cannot be found, please
contact us and we can discuss potential options.

Please keep in mind that all information and data contained in this handbook is believed to
be reliable, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee. Furthermore,
suggestions for use of material supplied shall not be construed as a recommendation or
inducement to violate any law or infringe on any patent.

We hope that the product and application information along with the sample component
drawings help involved individuals to make informed decisions. The Gund Company welcomes
any comments, suggestions, or applications questions. We sincerely appreciate the opportunity
to assist you in meeting your electrical insulation requirements.
Tel (314) 423-5200
Fax (314) 423-9009

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Our Locations

Cedar Lake, Indiana (Chicago)

30,000 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility
Milwaukee, Wisconson
50,000 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility
20,000 Sq. Foot Molding Facility

Fergus, Ontario (Toronto)

55,000 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility

Milwaukee, WI
Cedar Lake, IN (Chicago)

St. Louis, MO

Mexico City, Mexico

11,000 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility

St. Louis, Missouri

Corporate Headquarters
62,500 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility

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San Bernardino, CA

Tel (314) 423-5200

San Bernardino, California

20,000 Sq. Foot Fabrication Facility

Fergus, ON (Toronto)

Primary Customer Segments

By focusing on understanding our

customers specific application
requirements, TGC has delivered
solutions to customers around the
world. TGC exports to more than
32 countries including Japan,
Korea, China, Austria, United
Kingdom, and Saudi Arabia.

Power Supply

A natural extension of
both the switchgear and
transformer insulation
business. From Dry Type
Transformer Components
to Chassis Liners and every
insulator in between,
TGC can provide kitting
solutions.

Switchgear
Insulation

Transformer
Insulation

Tel (314) 423-5200

Winding kits including coil

spacer sticks, coil wedges, step
blocks, terminal strips, phase
barriers, cable clamps, and
bus supports. Layer insulation
options and PSA layer tapes.

TGC is an integrated
manufacturer of glass
polyester laminates (GPO-3)
with complete fabrication
capability for phase barriers,
terminal supports, bus bar
supports, and cable clamps.

Fax (314) 423-9009

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Transformer Insulation Components Overview

The Gund Company manufactures insulating components for many types of electrical
transformers including:

Large Power Transformers

Oil Filled Distribution Transformers
Dry Type Distribution Transformers
Dry Type Power Supply Transformers
Electronic Transformers

Though transformers perform a similar role in the power distribution system regardless
of design, the various transformer insulation design parameters can be quite different. For
example, an oil filled transformer used for outdoor power distribution applications requires
insulating components compatible with the dielectric fluid used in the transformer. On the
other hand, a dry type transformer used for power distribution inside a building requires a
higher temperature insulation system typically rated for 180C to 220C. While the design or
function of an insulating component may be similar in both oil filled and dry type transformers,
the material selection criteria can be completely different.

The Gund Company has put together the Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook
to help serve as a reference tool for our customers involved in the manufacturing and repair
of transformer equipment. We have attempted to gather information on the most common
insulation component applications as well as the most common insulating material alternatives.
If we have not included a particular material or application of interest to you, please contact us
for a specific review of your requirements. The Gund Company has also produced an Oil Filled
Transformer Insulation Handbook which may be requested by contacting The Gund Company.

Whatever your transformer insulation requirement may be, The Gund Company has the
material knowledge and technical capability to assist you in developing potential engineering
solutions.

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Over the years, The Gund Company has served as a partner for many of our customers
interested in lowering the cost structure of their design. By partnering with our customers,
we can review current insulation system designs in order to help identify areas for potential
cost reductions. Many of our customers participate in our Cost Reduction Initiative Program
wherein we request design information, assembly drawings, and related information so that we
can make a proposal that may lower the cost of production.

Common Insulation Components by Type of Transformer

Type of Transformer

Dry Type Transformer

Electronic, Power Supply or
Distribution Applications

Oil Filled Transformer

Medium & Large Power
Applications
Additional informatin found in TGCs Oil
Filled Transformer Insulation Handbook

Oil Filled Transformer

Distribution Applications
Additional informatin found in TGCs Oil
Filled Transformer Insulation Handbook

Insulating Component

Common Materials

Conductor Insulation
Layer Insulation
Layer Insulation Tape
Winding Comb
Coil Wedges
Air Duct (Axial) Spacer Sticks
Phase Barrier
Coil Clamps
Bus Bar Supports
Winding Bobbins
Insulating Nuts & Bolts
Insulating Angles & Channels
Stand-off Insulators

Slit Nomex Aramid Paper Coils

Nomex Aramid Paper, Quin-T
Glass Cloth Tape, TESA 4617
Glass Polyester Laminate, SG-200, N220
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-3
Glass Polyester Dogbone Rod
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-3
Glass Epoxy Laminate, G10 / G11
Glass Epoxy Laminate
Glass Polyester Pultrusions
Molded Glass Polyester

Conductor Insulation
Layer Insulation
Layer Insulation Tape
Crossover Pad Insulation
Core Insulation
Core Spacers
Core Fastener Insulation
Axial and Radial Spacers
Punched Spacers
Clamping Plates & Rings
Lead Termination Insulation
Lead & Cable Clamps
Coil Supports Step Blocks
Insulating Nuts & Bolts
Tap Changer Insulating Boards
Lead & Cable Tubing
Tie Plate Bolt Insulation

Nomex & Creped Kraft Paper

Diamond Epoxy Coated Kraft
Glass Reinforced Polyester Tape
Rag Paper Insulation COPACO
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-1
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-1
Glass Epoxy Laminate, G-10
Fabricated Pressboard Material
Fabricated Pressboard Material
Fabricated Pressboard Material, Laminated Wood
Paper Phenolic Laminate, XXX
Paper Phenolic Laminate, XXX
Fabricated Pressboard Material, Laminated Wood
Glass Epoxy Laminate, G-10
Low Power Factor Paper Phenolic
Paper Phenolic Laminate, XXX
Glass Epoxy & Steel Assembly

Layer Insulation
Layer Insulation Tape
Crossover Pad Insulation
Phase Barriers
Insulating Angles & Channels
Fuse & Terminal Boards
Insulating Tubing

Diamond Coated Kraft Paper

Glass Reinforced Polyester Tape
Rag Paper Insulation COPACO
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-1
Glass Polyester Pultrusion, GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, GPO-1, NEMA XXX
Paper Phenolic Tubing, XXX

Tel (314) 423-5200

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Section II
Transformer Coil Insulation Components

Coil Insulation Overview

Stand-off Insulators
Insulated Yoke Bolt
Adjustable Insulated Pressure Plate
Core
Cooling Duct Insulating Spacers
Insulating Pressure Collar
Low Voltage Winding
High Voltage Winding
Insulating Tubes
Insulated Core Bolt
Insulating Barrier Between Coils
Insulating Pressure Collar
Adjustable Insulating Pressure Plate

Transformer coils require a variety of insulation materials depending on the specific

design characteristics of the transformer, such as dry type or oil filled, temperature
rating, and application. In general, coil insulation would include the different
insulations used between the core and the windings, between the windings
themselves, and around the coil itself. The following pages will cover these insulation
applications including:

Tel (314) 423-5200

Core Insulation
Winding Combs
Air Duct (Axial) Spacers
Pressure Plates

Layer Insulation
Spacer Sticks
Lead Insulation
Pressure Rings

Conductor Insulation
Pressure Collars
Layer / Coil Tape

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Winding Bobbins
Description
Many dry type transformers for electronic and power
supply applications utilize winding bobbins in their design.
Of course, almost all high volume electronic transformer
winding bobbins are molded from thermoset or
thermoplastic resins. The Gund Company supplies
custom fabricated winding bobbins using thermoset
composites which offer excellent mechanical strength
and outstanding dielectric properties at elevated
temperatures. Custom winding bobbins can be made in
quantities from a few to several thousand.
Common shapes for custom winding bobbins include square, round, oblong, and rectangular.
Most winding bobbins consist of an insulating tube bonded to a series of flanges made from
sheet material. A bobbin may have multiple flanges to allow for the separation of phases
according to the transformer design.

Materials
Nomex Aramid Paper & Pressboard Material
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-10/FR4
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-11
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade N220

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Insulating Core Tubes

Description
Most transformer coils are wound around a mandrel. The mandrel
often has an initial wrap of insulation material which can be as
simple as Nomex Aramid Paper taped around the mandrel or which
can be a filament wound tube.
Historically, filament wound tubes were used as a common practice
for core tubes, but many companies evolved to using Nomex
Aramid Paper for various reasons. As the cost of Nomex has
increased over time, filament wound tubes are proving themselves
to be very cost effective for insulating core tubes.
A filament wound core tube provides excellent mechanical strength with even a 0.030 wall
relative to Nomex Aramid Paper with a 0.060 wall. Filament wound tubes do slide right on
the mandrel and can lower labor costs relative to the awkward process of taping 0.030 layers
on Nomex around a mandrel. Also, filament wound tubes are extremely abrasion resistant
and can withstand the driving of the core shims to tighten the core / coil assembly. Of course,
filament wound core tubes do need to be ordered with an advance lead-time of one to two
weeks and must be ordered to size whereas a Nomex core tube can be made and taped right
on the existing mandrel.

Materials
Nomex Aramid Paper
Quin-T Family of Papers
Filament Wound Glass Epoxy or Glass Polyester Tubing

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Conductor Insulation

Description
Most dry type transformers use a paper based insulation wrap over the conductor as a
secondary insulation in addition to the conductors primary varnish insulation. Sometimes,
the Aramid paper insulation is wrapped around the bare conductor (with no varnish) as
the primary insulation. The insulating paper material offers additional insulation protection
between the turns of the transformer coil while protecting the conductor from abrasion,
scratches, and cuts during the manufacturing process.
The Gund Company custom slits insulating papers into coils for conductor insulation
applications. Typical conductor insulation ranges in thickness from .001 to .003 and ranges
in width from .375 to .750. The Gund Company supplies coils on 3 ID or 10 ID coils with a
maximum O.D. of 18.
For conductor leads that exit the winding, The Gund Company supplies insulating sleeving
and pressure sensitive tapes depending on the manufacturers design and insulation system
requirements.

Materials

Fax (314) 423-9009

Nomex Aramid Paper

Quin-T Family of Insulating Materials
Kapton Polyamide Film Tape
Varflex Insulating Sleeving (for leads)
Intertape Polymer Tape (for leads)

Conductor of a barrel wound

transformer wrapped with
Nomex Aramid Fibre Tape

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Layer Insulation
Description
Layer Insulation refers to the relatively thin (.005 - .020 typical) layers of flexible insulation
material used between the turns of conductor, most typically in bobbin wound coils. Layer
insulation typically requires the use of pressure sensitive tape in order to help hold the layer
insulation in place. These pressure sensitive tapes perform a largely mechanical role, but must
be compatible with the transformers insulation system.

Top-Down view of a barrel wound

transformer pointing out the Nomex
Aramid Paper layer insulation

For dry type transformers, the most commonly used layer insulation material is Nomex
Aramid Paper. While Quin-T family of insulating papers has found application for dry
type transformer layer insulation, many companies have not approved Quin-T lower cost
alternatives. Some dry type transformer designs also utilize a B-Stage glass cloth product. For
additional information on various B-Stage glass cloth construction alternatives, please contact
The Gund Company.
Insulating tape, used in conjunction with dry type transformer layer insulation typically, is
a glass cloth based tape with a rubber or silicone adhesive to reach the 220C temperature
rating.
Tel (314) 423-5200

Materials

Nomex Aramid Paper

Quin-T Family of Insulating Products
B-Stage Epoxy Impregnated Glass Cloth
Glass Cloth Based Rubber Adhesive PSA Tape

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Layer Insulation Tape

Description
Most dry type transformers use a pressure sensitive tape for holding down the layers of
insulation as the coil is being wound. In electronic transformers, pressure sensitive tape is
typically the layer insulation itself.
Though not a complete representation of all electrical pressure sensitive tape in the
marketplace, the following tapes are commonly used for layer insulation tape applications.

Dry Type Transformer Layer Insulation Tapes:

Designation
Intertape 4618
Intertape 4617
Intertape 4428
Intertape 4429

Thickness
.007
.007
.0022
.0035

Backing Material Reinforcement

Glass Cloth
Glass Cloth
Glass Cloth
Glass Cloth
Polyimide Film
n/a
Polyimide Film
n/a

Adhesive
Silicone
Silicone
Silicone
Silicone

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Please contact The Gund Company for a complete listing of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes
for electronic transformer applications. Data sheets are available upon request for any tape
product.

Intra-Coil Phase Barriers

Description
Depending on the design, intra-coil phase barriers may be used between the primary and
secondary winding.
For applications between the primary and secondary winding, a flexible layer of hightemperature glass polyester laminate such as Grade FHT or Grade N200F would be used in
thicknesses ranging from 0.030 to 0.093. Nomex Aramid Paper is also sometimes used by
layering up 0.030 material.

Materials
Nomex Aramid Paper
High-Temperature, Flexible Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade N200F
High-Temperature, Flexible Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade FHT

Tel (314) 423-5200

(1)

(2)

Top-down view of a transformer with the primary windings (1) insulated with
N200F or FHT and the secondary windings (2) insulated with Nomex

Fax (314) 423-9009

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Inter-Coil Phase Barriers

Description
Depending on the design, inter-coil phase barriers may be used between the coils (phases) of
the transformer.
For applications between the coils of the transformer, Grade FHT or Grade N200F can be
wound into the outer layers of the coil on the side closest to the adjacent coil.
Some applications for higher voltage transformers place the phase barriers outside the coil
winding between each coil. These phase barriers are typically made from 0.125 or 0.187
NEMA GPO-3.

Materials
Nomex Aramid Paper
High-Temperature, Flexible Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade N200F
High-Temperature, Flexible Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade FHT
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3

Phase barriers made of GPO-3 between the coils of a disk wound transformer

17
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Winding Combs

Description
Winding Combs are used in disc wound dry type
transformers. The winding comb mechanically
supports the turns of the coil while insulating each
turn from the others. Although traditional designs
use 220C rated material, some manufacturers have
successfully implemented 180C rated materials in
some designs. NEMA GPO-3, a 130C rated material, is
commonly used for winding combs as well.
The Gund Company custom fabricates dry type
winding combs with an automated CNC machining
center. Each transformers combs are made
independently allowing for an infinite range of
designs. This allows for a custom transformer winding configuration to meet the customers
requirements. A normal transformer may require 24 to 36 combs depending on the design.
Customers simply send a drawing, select a material, and receive a quotation. A template
Winding Comb Order Form can be found in the appendix to facilitate a request for quotation.
Typical lead-time for custom comb orders is two to four days.
Standard features for The Gund Companys winding combs include:
Beveled, sharp edges to protect conductor
Custom fabrication in small lot sizes
Fastest lead-times in industry
Please refer to the Appendix for a template Winding Comb Order Form for reference.

Materials

Tel (314) 423-5200

Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3 (130C)

Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade N155 (155C)
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade G-11 (155C)
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade TWC-200 (180C)
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade SG-200 (210C)
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade N220 (220C)
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-10/FR4 (130C)
Glass Epoxy Laminate, Grade Isoval R (180C)

Fax (314) 423-9009

18
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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Coil Shims

Description
Coil shims are most commonly used in barrel wound dry type transformers. The primary
purpose of coil shims is to tighten the coil windings in order to prevent potential vibration in
the unit.
For dry type transformers, most companys use a glass based laminate such as GPO-3 for
excellent mechanical strength.
The Gund Companys unique fabrication process for producing beveled or straight-edged coil
shims allows us to offer the lowest cost shims in the industry. Custom shims can be shipped
within two to four days.

Materials

Transformer coil wedges made with GPO-3 (Top)

and GPO-1 (Bottom)

19
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Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-1

Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade N220, Grade SG-200, or Grade HST-II

Air Duct (Axial) Spacer Sticks

Description
Air duct spacer sticks are used to provide clearances for the flow of air for the cooling
of transformer coils. Their function is largely mechanical. In large and medium power
transformers, spacer sticks are custom made to a particular profile and may be used in
conjunction with punched spacers to help position the conductor wire around the coil.
In dry type transformers, spacer sticks are typically 220C glass polyester pultruded rods often
called dogbones, appropriately named because of a commonly used version in that particular
shape.
Dogbones

Rounds

Rectangles

Squares

Materials
Pultruded Glass Polyester Rod Grade N155 or N220
Pultruded Glass Polyester Rod Grade MTS, HIR, or SG-200
Pultruded Glass Polyester Rod Grade SuperSil-

Tel (314) 423-5200

Dogbone air duct spacer sticks

between layers of Nomex on a
barrel wound transformer

Fax (314) 423-9009

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Section III
Coil Support & Superstructure Components

Coil Supports
Description
Coil supports can be used throughout the transformer design to help add mechanical
strength and stability to a coil unit. In most cases, coil supports are used to reduce potential
vibration while securing the coil firmly to the steel structural support of the transformer.
Coil supports can be made to support the coil from the structural steel components from
above and below the coil depending on design.
In dry type transformers, coil supports are typically made out of Glass Polyester Laminate
(NEMA GPO-1, NEMA High Temperature GPO-1 Grades, or NEMA GPO-3). For applications
requiring greater mechanical strength, Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-10/FR4 or NEMA
Grade G-11 may be a better alternative.

Materials
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grades GPO-1, GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grades N220, SG-200, HST-II (NEMA GPO-1 High Temp Grades)
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-10/FR4 or G-11

Tel (314) 423-5200

Coil supports on a dry type

transformer made from GPO-3

Fax (314) 423-9009

22
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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Insulating Nuts & Bolts

Description
Insulating Fasteners including bolts, washers, and nuts are available from The Gund Company
in a variety of materials, sizes, and configurations. Insulating fasteners offer high mechanical
strength and excellent dimensional stability at elevated temperatures.
In many applications, insulating fasteners solve design issues by simplifying efforts to isolate
or ground conducting components of an assembly. For instance, in some applications,
insulating nuts and bolts can replace a fastener assembly consisting of the metallic nut and
bolt as well as the required insulating bushing and insulating washer.
Common applications include: transformer tap changers, transformer coil supports, lead
clamps, bus bar clamps, barrier supports, and many more designs requiring a non-conductive
fastener with excellent mechanical strength and stability at elevated temperatures.

Material
Options

Glass Polyester

Low pressure molded glass

polyester composite with a
pultruded core and molded
threads. Better mechanical strength
and temperature resistance than
pressed wood. (Common trade
names include Perma-Bolt and
Permaglass)
High Pressure glass epoxy laminate
with machined threads. (Common
trade names include Durostone)

Temperature
Rating

Applications

130C

Switchgear applications,
dry type transformer
applications, motor lead
clamp applications

180C

Power generator lead

clamp applications,
electrical furnace
applications critical high
strength / temperature
applications

23
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Glass Epoxy

Description

Insulating Nuts & Bolts

Availability

Insulating fasteners are available in English or Metric unit sizes. Insulating bolts are
available with a full threaded bolt and a bolt with flat sides. The flat side bolts allow
for easier threading, but provide less thread strength. Standard nuts are square, but
hexagonal nuts can be manufactured at an additional cost upon request.
Configuration

Description
Threaded rods are available with a full thread
around the complete diameter of the rod. This
option offers the best thread strength

Full Thread Bolt

Flat Sides Bolt

Threaded rods are also available with flat sides

to allow for easier threading of the nuts. This
option can be produced more cost effectively, but
provide less thread strength.

T
Threaded nuts are available in standard square
design with a multitude of standard English and
Metric sizes of threaded holes.

D
Square Nuts

T
Threaded hexagonal nuts are available upon
request. Due to the additional cost required to
make these nuts, most customers opt for the
standard square nuts. Of course, hexagonal nuts
are available with the same range of standard
English and Metric threaded hole sizes

D
Tel (314) 423-5200

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Hexagonal Nuts

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Insulating Nuts & Bolts

Availability
Insulating fasteners are available in English or Metric unit sizes. Insulating bolts are available
with a full threaded bolt and a bolt with flat sides. The flat size bolts allow for easier threading,
but provide less thread strength. Standard nuts are square, but hexagonal nuts can be
manufactured at an additional cost upon request.

Full Thread Bolt

Flat Sides Bolt

English Size Threaded Rods

Standard Thread Size

Pressed Wood

Glass Polyester

Glass Epoxy

Full

Full or Flat

3/8 16

Full

Full or Flat

- 13

Full

Full or Flat

5/8 - 11

Full

Full or Flat

- 10

Full

Full or Flat

7/8 - 9

Full

Full or Flat

1 - 8

Full

Full or Flat

1-1/4 11-1/2

Full

Full or Flat

1-1/2 11-1/2

Full

Full or Flat

Pressed Wood

Glass Polyester

Glass Epoxy

Full

Full or Flat

Full

Full or Flat

M10

Full

Full or Flat

M12

Full

Full or Flat

M14

Full

Full or Flat

M16

Full

Full or Flat

M18

Full

Full or Flat

M20

Full

Full or Flat

M24

Full

Full or Flat

M27

Full

Full or Flat

M30

Full

Full or Flat

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Standard Thread Size

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Metric Size Threaded Rods

Insulating Nuts & Bolts

Availability
Insulating fasteners are available in English or Metric unit sizes. Insulating bolts are available
with a full threaded bolt and a bolt with flat sides. The flat side bolts allow for easier threading,
but provide less thread strength. Standard nuts are square, but hexagonal nuts can be
manufactured at an additional cost upon request.

English Size Threaded Nuts

Standard Thread
Size

Standard Thickness
Range

Standard Width

Typical Description

thk x -20 ID x Square

3/8 16

3/8

5/8

3/8 thk x 3/8-16 ID x 5/8 Square

- 13

7/8

thk x 13 ID x 7/8 Square

5/8 - 11

5/8 1-1/4

5/8 thk x 5/8-11 ID x 1 Square

- 10

1-1/2

1-1/4

thk x 10 ID x 1-1/4 Square

7/8 - 9

7/8 1-3/4

1-1/2

7/8 thk x 7/8 9 x 1-1/2 Square

1 - 8

1 2

1-5/8

1 thk x 1 8 ID x 1-5/8 Square

1-1/4 11-1/2

1-1/4 2-1/2

1-1/4 thk x 1-1/4 11-1/2 x 2 Square

1-1/2 11-1/2

1-1/2 3

2.5

1-1/2 thk x 1-1/2 11-1/2 x 2.5 Square

Metric Size Threaded Nuts

Standard Thread
Size

Standard Thickness
Range

Standard Width

Typical Description

6mm - 12mm

10mm

6mm thk x M7 ID x 10mm Square

Tel (314) 423-5200

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8mm - 16mm

13mm

8mm thk x M8 ID x 13mm Square

M10

10mm - 20mm

17mm

10mm thk x M10 ID x 17mm Square

M12

12mm - 24mm

19mm

12mm thk x M12 x 19mm Square

M14

14mm - 28mm

22mm

14mm thk x M14 x 22mm Square

M16

16mm - 32mm

24mm

16mm thk x M16 x 24mm Square

M18

18mm - 36mm

27mm

18mm thk x M18 x 27mm Square

M20

20mm - 40mm

30mm

20mm thk x M20 x 30mm Square

M24

24mm - 48mm

36mm

24mm thk x M24 x 36mm Square

M27

27mm - 54mm

41mm

27mm thk x M27 x 41mm Square

M30

30mm - 60mm

46mm

30mm thk x M30 x 46mm Square

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Insulating Nuts & Bolts

Description
The following chart indicates the typical properties for each of the insulating nut and bolt
materials. All values indicated are typical minimum test values, but represent no guarantee. It
is our recommendation to test all material in application prior to implementation.

Parameters

Glass Polyester

Glass Epoxy

Specific Gravity
Temperature Index
Water Absorption
Tensile Strength
Flexural Strength
Compressive Strength
Dielectric Strength
Arc Resistance

Pounds/Cubic Inch
C
% in 24 Hours
psi
psi
psi
Volts per Mil. (VPM)
Seconds

0.065
130
0.20
15,000
25,000
30,000
45
120

0.068
155
0.20
41,000
50,000
40,000
50
125

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Property

Phase Barriers
Description

Phase barriers are used between the coils of a transformer to help prevent any phase
to phase faults. The use of phase barriers helps to increase the creepage distance from
phase to phase allowing for closer placement of coils inside the transformer unit.
Dry type transformers use phase barriers manufactured from Glass Polyester Laminate,
NEMA Grade GPO-3. Typically, phase barriers are produced in thicknesses of 1/8, 3/16,
and 1/4. Phase barriers are custom fabricated as required according to the transformer
design.
Dry type transformers with attached switchgear also use phase barriers on the
switching side of the unit. Phase barriers for switch side applications are most
commonly manufactured from Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3.

Materials
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-1
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3

Tel (314) 423-5200

Fax (314) 423-9009

View of a disc wound transformer, displaying the

phase barriers made of a Glass Polyester Laminate,
NEMA Grade GPO-3 material

28
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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Insulating Angles & Channels

Description
Insulating angles and channels are used in a wide variety of applications including:
Mechanically supporting bus bar
Insulating between steel structural members and current conducting components
Providing mechanical support for lead connections
Providing non-conductive structural support
Insulating angles and channels are available in a wide range of standard sizes. Typical wall
thickness for angles and channels varies from 1/8 up to 1/2. Along with a line of standard
angles and channels, The Gund Company can customize angles and channels to adjust leg
heights on channels and leg lengths on angles.
Channels and angles can be custom fabricated to include drilled holes, slots, and cutouts
according to the exact drawing requirements for a particular application.

Materials

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Pultruded Glass Polyester, NEMA GPO-3

Stand-off Insulators
Description
Stand-off insulators are used to increase the creepage distance between two potentially
conductive components inside the transformer. Some stand-off insulator designs incorporate
flanges to increase the arc distance. Stand-offs may perform the following functions:
Mechanically supporting bus bar
Insulating between steel structural members and current conducting components
Providing non-conductive structural support
The Gund Company supplies a wide range of stand-off insulators including the examples
shown below. See the complete material data sheet information in the data sheet section of
this handbook

Materials
Compression Molded Glass Polyester, NEMA Grade GP0-3

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Section IV
Transformer Tap Changer Components

Tap Changer Components

Description
The Gund Company can make a complete range of non-metallic, insulating components for
various tap changer designs including:

Terminal Boards

Used for mounting contacts allowing for an insulating

medium to prevent current from passing between
contacts.
Typical materials include:
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-1
Glass Polyester Laminate, NEMA Grade GPO-3
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade SG-200
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade HST-II
Glass Polyester Laminate, Grade N220
Low-Power Factor Paper Phenolic, NEMA Grade LPF206.15

Insulated Shafts for Drive

Mechanism

Used for mounting contacts allowing for an insulating

Non-metallic Gears

To prevent current from passing along the drive

mechanism, non-metallic gears can be used.
Typical materials include:
Canvas Phenolic Laminate, NEMA Grade C
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA Grade G-10

Insulating Tubing

Insulating tubing and bushings are used to insulate

metallic, conductive fasteners such as connecting rods
and bolts. Insulating tubing can also be used to protect
routing paths for leads and cables.

Tel (314) 423-5200

Typical materials include:

Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA G-10/FR 4
Glass Epoxy Laminate, NEMA G-11

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Section V
Material Data Sheets

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade G-10/FR4 Glass Epoxy Laminate

Description:

NEMA Grade G-10/FR4 material is a continuous filament woven fiberglass sheet bonded with epoxy
resin. The material has the ability to maintain excellent mechanical, electrical, and physical properties
at elevated temperatures to 130C

Standards:

NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893
MIL-I-24768

Availability:

Laminate Sheets:

Grade FR4
EP GC 202
27 GEE - F

Thickness:
Sheet Sizes:

English Units
.006 to 5.0
36 x 48, 39 x 48
36 x 72, 48 x 48
48 x 96, 48 x 108

SI Units
0.15 mm to 127 mm
91.4 cm x 122 cm, 99 cm x 122 cm
91.4 cm x 182.2 cm, 122 cm x 122 cm
122 cm x 243.8 cm, 122 cm x 274.3 cm

Convolute Tubing: Available in an infinite number of inner diameter/outer diameter combinations

as per customer requirements.
Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Specific Gravity

lb./in. (g/cc)

0.067 (1.85)

Rockwell Hardness (.50)

M Scale

Moisture Absorption (.062)

ASTM D-570

0.10

Tensile Strength (.125) LW

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

40,000 (275)
32,000 (220)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise (.50)

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

66,000 (455)

Flexural Strength (.062) LW

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

65,000 (448)
52,000 (358)

Flexural Modulus (.062) LW

ASTM D-790

ksi (MPa)

2,900 (19,995)
2,600 (17,926)

Shear Strength, Perpendicular (.062)

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

21,500 (148)

IZOD Impact Strength LW

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.
Notched

7.9
7.3

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Bonding Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lb. (kg)

2,300 (1,043)

Breakdown Voltage (.062) Condition A

D-48/50

ASTM D-149

66
65

Dielectric Strength (.062) Condition A

D-48/50

ASTM D-149

V/mil

800
750

Comparative Tracking Index (.125)

ASTM D-3638

300

Arc Resistance (.125)

ASTM D-495

Seconds

130

Fax (314) 423-9009

All of the information, suggestions, and recommendations pertaining to the properties and uses of the products herein are based upon tests and data
believed to be accurate; however, the final determination regarding the suitability of any material described herein for the use contemplated, the manner
of such use, and whether the use infringes any patents is the sole responsibility of the user. There is no warranty, expressed or implied, including, without
limitation warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Under no circumstances shall we be liable for incidental or consequential loss or
damage.

34
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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

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MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade G-11, Glass Epoxy Laminate Grade MC511AF

Description:

NEMA Grade G-11 MC511AF is a high pressure laminate manufactured from a glass cloth substrate
impregnated with a high temperature epoxy resin system. This grade meets or exceeds all
specifications for NEMA G-11 material.

Standards:

NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893
MIL-I-24768

Availability:

Laminate Sheets:

Thickness:
Sheet Sizes:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Grade G-11
EP GC 203
3 GEB

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Yellow-Brown

Specific Gravity

lb./in. (g/cc)

0.069 (1.91)

Rockwell Hardness (.125)

M Scale

110

Moisture Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.085

Tensile Strength, Lengthwise (.125)

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

41,000 (282.5)

Compressive Strength (.125)

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

50,000 (344.5)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise (.125)

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

57,000 (392.7)

Shear Strength, Perpendicular (.062)

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

21,000 (144.7)

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.
Notched

10.0

IZOD Impact Strength Lengthwise (.125)

Arc Resistance (.125)

ASTM D-495

Seconds

185

Bonding Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lb. (kg)

2,200 (1,000)

Temperature Index, Electrical

Mechanical

170
180

Permittivity (.125)

ASTM D-24/23

4.5

Flammability Rating

UL94

Class

Breakdown Voltage (.125)

ASTM D-149

Dielectric Strength, Perp. - Short Time (.125)

V/mil

550

Volume Resistivity (.125)

Mega Ohms/cm

5.0 x 1010

Surface Resistivity (.125)

Mega Ohms

1.5 x 1010

180

Fax (314) 423-9009

Test Method

SI Units
2.54 mm - 15.24 cm
122 cm x 244 cm, 122 cm x 300 cm

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Key Characteristics

English Units
0.010 - 6.0
48 x 96, 48 x 118

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-1, Grade APO-1, Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet (130C)

Description:

NEMA Grade GPO-1 grades of low-pressure glass polyester laminate are made from fiberglass mat
reinforced polyester composite. NEMA Grade GPO-1 is a Class B (130C) material.
NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893

Standards:

Availability:

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:
Fabricated Parts:

GPO-1
UPGM 201
English Units
0.031 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

SI Units
0.8 mm to 50.8 mm
92 cm x 183 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Standard Color

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.7

0.25

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

8,000 (55)

9,500 (66)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

30,000 (206)

35,000 (241)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

18,000 (124)

20,000 (138)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

850 (385)

1,200 (544)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

16,000 (110)

UL File Number

E323105

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

8.0

8.5

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

100

130

V/mil (kV/mm)

300 (11.8)

450 (17.6)

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

NEMA Standard Typical Values

Brown
0.066 (1.83)

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

> 40

Thermal Class

Class B - 130C

Flammability

UL 94

Class

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-2, NOHL Grade APO-2, Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet

Description:

NOHL Grade APO-2 is a flame resistant NEMA Grade GPO-2 glass polyester laminate. This UL
recognized product (QMTS2.E75481) provides V-0 flame resistance.

Availability:

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:

SI Units
0.8 mm to 50.8 mm
92 cm x 183 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

NEMA Standard Typical Values

Standard Color

Red

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.065 (1.81)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.60

0.55

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

8,000 (55)

9,000 (62)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

30,000 (206)

37,000 (255)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

18,000 (124)

22,000 (152)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

850 (385)

1,080 (490)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

12,500 (86)

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

8.0

9.0

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

150

192

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

300 (11.8)

540 (21.3)

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

Flammability

UL 94

Class

V-0

Fax (314) 423-9009

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

37
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Fabricated Parts:

English Units
0.031 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-3, NOHL Grade APO-3, Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet

Description:

NOHL Grade APO-3 is a track and flame resistant NEMA Grade GPO-3. This UL recognized product
(QMTS2.E75481) provides V-0 flame resistance in thinner thicknesses.

Availability:

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:
Fabricated Parts:

English Units
0.031 to 0.094
36 x 72

SI Units
0.78 mm to 2.4 mm
92 cm x 183 cm

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Standard Color

NEMA Standard Typical Values

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.065 (1.8)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.50

0.55

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

8,000 (55)

9,000 (62)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

30,000 (206)

37,000 (255)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

18,000 (124)

22,000 (152)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

850 (385)

1,080 (490)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

12,500 (86)

Incline Plane Track Resistance

ASTM D-2303

Minutes

300

> 400

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

8.0

9.0

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

150

192

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

300 (11.8)

540 (21.3)

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

Thermal Class

Class B - 130C

Flammability

UL 94

Class

V-0

Red

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-3, NOHL Grade GPO-3, Glass Polyester Laminate Sheet

Description:

NOHL Grade GPO-3 is a track and flame resistant NEMA Grade GPO-3. This UL recognized product
(QMFZ2.E101063) offers excellent thermal endurance at an affordable price.
NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:
Fabricated Parts:

English Units
0.118 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

SI Units
3 mm to 50.8 mm
92 cm x 183 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

NEMA Standard Typical Values

Standard Color

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.065 (1.8)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.50

0.25

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

8,000 (55)

9,000 (62)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

30,000 (206)

37,000 (255)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

18,000 (124)

22,000 (152)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

850 (385)

1,080 (490)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

13,000 (90)

Incline Plane Track Resistance

ASTM D-2303

Minutes

300

1000

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

8.0

9.0

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Red

Seconds

150

192

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

300 (11.8)

550 (21.7)

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

Thermal Class

Class B - 130C

Flammability

UL 94

Class

V-0

Fax (314) 423-9009

Availability:

IEC 60893 GPO-3

UPGM 203

39
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Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-1, Grade N180 Glass Polyester Laminate

Description:

Grade N180 is a Class H (180C) glass mat reinforced polyester material designed for applications
where high comporessive and flexural strength are combined with high temperature resistance.
Grade N180 has been designed for applications including electric motor slot topsticks, D.C. motor
pole collars, hydro generator pole collars, rotating equipment slot filler, rotor pole blocking, lead and
cable clamps, and related applications.
NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893

Standards:

Availability:

GPO-1
UPGM 201
English Units
0.031 to 2.0
37 x 73

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:
Fabricated Parts:

SI Units
0.8 mm to 50.8 mm
94 cm x 185 cm

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Black

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.069 (1.91)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.25

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

16,000 (110)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

50,000 (345)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

Crosswise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

29,000 (200)
32,000 (221)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

18,000 (124)
12

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

180

V/mil (kV/mm)

450 (17.7)

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

Thermal Class

Class H - 180C

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

DuraNohl N220

Description:

DuraNohl N220 is a specialty grade random glass mat, polyester resin, insulating material for high
temperature NEMA GPO-1 applications. This material has a relative temperature index of 220C
electrical and 210C mechanical. It has excellent retention of physical and electrical properties at
elevated temperatures.
NEMA LI-1
IEC 60893

English Units
0.031 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

Laminate Sheets: Thickness:

Sheet Sizes:
Fabricated Parts:

SI Units
0.78 mm to 50.8 mm
92 cm x 183 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Natural Beige

Density

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.061 (1.7)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.25

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

12,000 (83)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

37,000 (255)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

24,000 (166)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

lbs. (kg)

1,080 (490)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

13,000 (90)

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

11.0

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

180

Dielectric Strength, Perp., In Oil (.0625) ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

550 (21.7)

Breakdown Voltage, Parallel Pin, In Oil

ASTM D-149

Relative Temperature Index

UL 746E

220 Electrical
210 Mechanical

UL File Number

E323105

Fax (314) 423-9009

Availability:

GPO-1
UPGM 201

41
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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

SG-200 High Temperature Glass Polyester

Description:

SG-200 is a specialty grade random glass mat, polyester resin insulation material for high temperature
applications. The material is rated at 210C for electrical and mechanical applications. It has excellent
retention of physical and electrical properties at elevated temperatures.

Availability:

Molded Sheets:

Thickness:
Sheet Sizes:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

English Units
0.032 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

SI Units
0.8 mm to 50.8 mm
94 cm x 185 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Tan

Specific Gravity

ASTM D-792

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.061 (1.70)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.3

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

12,500 (86)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

36,000 (248)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

29,000 (200)

Maximum Operating Temperature

F (C)

410 (210)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

11,100 (77)

Dissipation Factor, MHz

60 Hz

ASTM D-150

0.013
0.37

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

180

Dielectric Strength, Short Time, In Oil

ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

625 (24.4)

Dielectric Strength, Short Time, In Air

ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

500 (19.5

Insulation Resistance

ASTM D-257

Ohm x 10

145.0

Permittivity, MHz
60 Hz

ASTM D-150

3.7
4.6

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

HST-II High Temperature Glass Polyester

Description:

HST-II is a specialty grade glass mat, polyester resin insulation material that carries UL thermal
recognition of 220C electrical and 210C mechanical. HST-II also qualifies as an IEEE 220C Class
R material.

Availability:

Molded Sheets:

Thickness:
Sheet Sizes:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Light Brown

Specific Gravity

ASTM D-792

lbs./in (g/cc)

0.058 (1.61)

Water Absorption (.125)

ASTM D-570

0.3

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

13,000 (90)

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

33,000 (228)

Flexural Strength, Lengthwise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

25,000 (172)

Flexural Modulus of Elasticity

ASTM D-790

1.7 x 106

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi (MPa)

14,000 (97)

Bond Strength (.50)

ASTM D-229

psi (MPa)

1,400 (10)

Flammability

UL 94

Flame Resistance Ignition Time

ASTM D-229-11

Seconds

Flame Resistance Burning Time

ASTM D-229-11

Seconds

256

Izod Impact Strength, Edgewise

ASTM D-256

ft.-lbs./in.

12.0

Barcol Hardness

Temperature Class

220

Fax (314) 423-9009

SI Units
0.8 mm to 50.8 mm
94 cm x 185 cm, 122 cm x 244 cm

43
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English Units
0.032 to 2.0
36 x 72, 48 x 96

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

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St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-3, Glass Polyester Laminate Angles & Channels

Description:

NEMA Grade GPO-3 Angles and Channels are molded composite shapes that offer the designer
choices of structural insulating members whose characteristics combine good electrical properties,
high strength to weight ratio, and flame and track resistance.

Availability:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Channels

Hat Shapped
Channels

Width

Width
Leg

Angles

Terminal Strips
Width

Leg B

Leg

Height

Thickness

Leg A

Channels

Hat Shapped Channels

Part No.

Width

Leg

Thickness

Part No.

Width

Leg

Thickness

2875

9/16

1/8

1161

4-19/32

7/8

1/8

2617

13/16

1/8

2091

1-3/8

1/8

1144

1/4

1272

9-9/16

2-3/8

3/16

3242009

7/8

1/4

3232010

3/16

2212

2-5/16

3/4

1/8

Part No.

Legs (A & B) Thickness

1177

2-9/16

1-7/32

1/8

2878

1/8

1166

7/8

1/4

2880

1-1/2

1/8

2888

1-1/2

1/4

2881

1-1/2

3/16

1939

3-9/16

2-9/16

3/16

2882

1-1/2

1/4

1791

3-19/32

1-1/8

1/8

2884

1/4

1155

1-1/8

1/4

2885

1/4

2242

1-3/8

3/16

1940

4-9/16

2-9/16

9/32

1788

4-3/4

1-5/8

3/16

Part No.

Leg A

Leg B

Thickness

5/32

2877

2-3/4

1/4

3133716

3-3/4

1-5/8

3/16

Equal Leg Angles

Unequal Leg Angles

Tel (314) 423-5200

2825

5-1/2

1-1/4

2288

6-3/8

9/32

1844

8-1/2

2-11/16

3/16

1936

9-21/32

1-5/8

1/8

2250

11-9/32

1-5/8

3/8

Part No.

Width

Height

Thickness

2120

11-1/2

1-7/16

5/32

2710

7/16

1-1/2

1/4

Terminal Strips

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

NEMA Grade GPO-3, Glass Polyester Laminate Angles & Channels

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Standard Color

Red

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi

15,000

Tensile Modulus

ASTM D-638

psi x 106

1.7

Flexural Strength

ASTM D-790

psi

25,000

Flexural Strength, 130C

ASTM D-790

psi

Flexural Modulus

ASTM D-790

psi x 10

1.2

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

Edgewise

ASTM D-695

psi

42,000
20,000

Shear Strength

ASTM D-732

psi

14,500

13,000
6

IZOD Impact Strength, Notched

ASTM D-256

ft.lb./in.

9.6

Water Absorption

ASTM D-570

% by wt.

0.3

Specific Gravity

ASTM D-792

1.8

Dielectric Strength, Perpendicular

Parallel

ASTM D-149

Vpm
kV

200
45

Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

185

Inclined Plane Track Resistance

ASTM D-2303

Minutes

500+

Thermal Conductivity

ASTM C-177

BTU/hr./ft./in./F

1.9

UL Temperature Index, Electrical

Mechanical

UL 746B

130
160

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*These materials are manufactured in numerous sizes, shapes, and thicknesses. The data shown is a composite of all products.

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Standoff Insulators

Description:

Standoff Insulators are molded of UL recognized flame-resistant and fiberglass reinforced thermoset
polyester molding compound. They feature shatter resistance and closer height tolerances than
commonly available in porcelain insulators. Moisture and heat resistance properties of standoff
insulators are higher than those of conventional plastic insulators.
Voltage Rating:
This is intended to be a guide for indoor service. Insulators mounted within a suitable electrical
cabinet are considered indoors even though the cabinet itself is outdoors. An insulator will withstand
its rated voltage continuously by industry standards or other specifications may require a different
spacing from conductor to ground for a particular voltage. Wet or dirty conditions may require
derating an insulator.
Outdoor Use:
Standoff Insulators are primarily intended to be used indoors. Insulators 1642 and 2450 should not
be used upside down if there is a possibility of the center hole filling with water.
Short Time Electrical Strength:
For most insulator designs, this is the external flashover voltage in air. A few insulators will puncture
instead. The value given is an average of 15 parts tested.
Cantilever Strength:
One end of the insulator is bolted to a flat plate and force is applied to the insert on the other end in
a direction parallel to the end at a distance from the plate equal to the insulator height.
Torque Strength:
One end of the insulator is bolted to a flat plate and a normal steel bolt is tightened into the insert on
the other end with a torque wrench. The bolt will fail before the insulator and the values published
are approximately the values at which the bolt fails. If you use high tensile steel bolts, the insert
threads will strip before the bolts fail, but at higher torque values than we publish. 5kV and 15kV
insulators are tested differently.

Tel (314) 423-5200

1
2

Key Characteristics

1641

2710

2781

3061

5405

5420

5612

Tensile Strength (lbs.)

2,500

7,000

3,500

1,800

6,500

1,000

Cantilever Strength (lbs.)

2,000

10,000

1,500

800

2,000

1,500

675

Height Tolerance (in.)

0.015

Voltage Rating1 (V)

2,500

3,400 - 5,500 3,200 - 5,500

600 - 2,700

5,000

15,000

600

Arc Resistance (Seconds)

180

195

180

Tracking Index (V)

500+

Creep Distance2 (in.)

3.25

H+0.50

H+0.313

H+0.25

4.0

7.0

Basic Impulse Level (V)

n/a

60,000

90,000

n/a

Dielectric Strength (V)

20,000

18,000

20,000

500

Water Absorption (%)

0.14

UL Flame Resistance

94 V-O

Voltage rating increases with insulator height

H = insulator height

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

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INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Standoff Insulators

Part No.

Cross Reference Height Thread Size

Part No.

Pieces Per
Case

Weight Per
Case, lbs.

*AR-1641-16A 1461-1A

2.125

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-1641-13A 1461-1B

2.125

- 13 x 5/8 DEEP

2.125

7/16-14 x 5/8 DEEP 48

AR-1641-14A --

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

Part No.

Cross Reference Height Thread Size

Part No.

Pieces Per Weight Per

Case
Case, lbs.

*AR-2781-16A 1872-1A

2.50

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-13A 1872-2A

2.50

3/8-13 x 5/8 DEEP

2.625

5/8-11 x DEEP
(Steel or Alum.)

*AR-2781-16B 1872-1B

2.75

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-16C 1872-1C

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-11S --

*AR-2781-16D 1872-1D

3.25

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-2781-16E 1872-1E

3.50

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-2781-16F --

3.50

8m x 1.25 8 Thread 36

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

Pieces Per Weight Per

Case
Case, lbs.

*AR-3061-16A --

1.375

3/8-16 x 3/8 DEEP

(Steel or Alum.)

100

23-20

*AR-3061-16B 2015-2A

1.50

3/8-16 x 3/8 DEEP

100

*AR-3061-16C 2015-2B

1.75

3/8-16 x 3/8 DEEP

*AR-3061-16D 2015-2C

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-3061-16E

2.25

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-3061-16G --

2.75

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-3061-18B --

1.50

5/16-18 x 0.562

100

1.375

8m x 1.25 Thread

100

AR-30618MA

2015-3D

Fax (314) 423-9009

Cross Reference Height Thread Size

Part No.

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

47
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INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Standoff Insulators

Item:

1,
1-1/4

Part No.

Cross Reference Height Thread Size

Part No.

Pieces Per Weight Per

Case
Case, lbs.

*AR-5612-20A

2165-1A

-20 x DEEP

300

*AR-5612-18A

5/16-18 x DEEP

150

*AR-5612-16A

3/8-16 x 14 DEEP

150

*AR-5612-20B

2165-1B

1.25

-20 x DEEP

300

*AR-5612-16B

1.25

3/8-16 x 3/8 DEEP

100

AR-5612-6MA --

6M x 1.5-5 Thrd.
Alum.

150

AR-5612-8M

8M x 1.25-5 Thrd.
Alum.

150

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

Part No.

Cross Reference
Part No.

Height Thread Size

Pieces Per
Case

Weight Per
Case, lbs.

*AR-2781-16A 1872-1A

2.50

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-13A 1872-2A

2.50

3/8-13 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-11S

2.625

5/8-11 x DEEP
(Steel or Alum.)

*AR-2781-16B 1872-1B

2.75

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-16C 1872-1C

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

*AR-2781-16D 1872-1D

3.25

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-2781-16E 1872-1E

3.50

3/8-16 x 5/8 DEEP

AR-2781-16F

3.50

8m x 1.25 Thrd.

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

Part No.

Height Thread Size

Weight Per
Piece, lbs.

2035-1

3.50

1.13

2 Bolt Circle

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Standoff Insulators

Part No.

Cross Reference
Part No.

Height Thread Size

Pieces Per
Case

Weight Per
Case, lbs.

*AR-5405-16A --

3.50

3/8-16 x DEEP

*NT-5404-16A 1642-10E

3.50

3/8-13 x DEEP

Height

Thread Size

Pieces Per Weight Per

Case
Case, lbs.

*AR-5405-16A --

3/8-16 x DEEP

*NT-5405-16A

3/8-13 x DEEP

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

*Offered in two-bolt or four-bolt styles

Part No.

Cross Reference
Part No.
2450-11

*UL recognized components under UL Standard 891 File No. E79967

*Offered in two-bolt or four-bolt styles

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Glass Polyester Solid Rod & Bar Products

Description:

Glass Polyester Solid Bar & Rod Products are fiberglass-reinforced thermoset polyester shapes
that exhibit properties desirable for a wide range of structural and electrical applications. Common
shapes include Rounds, Squares, and Dogbones.

Availability:

Fabricated Parts:
Rectangles

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers
Rounds

Dogbones

Squares

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

155C Polyester

220C Polyester

Standard Color

White/Tan

Gray

Ultimate Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

70,000 (483)

70,000 (483)
35,000 (241)
20,000 (138)
2.5 x 106 (17,237)
2.0 x 106 (13,790)

Flexural Strength, Flatwise

Crosswise

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

25,000 (172)
15,000 (103)

Flexural Modulus, Flatwise

Crosswise

ASTM D-790

ksi (MPa)

2 x 106 (13,790)
1.5 x 106 (10,342)

Impact Strength

ASTM D-256

ft.lb./in.

50
20,000 (138)
40,000 (276)
300 (11.7)
50

Compressive Strength, Flatwise

Lengthwise

ASTM D-695

psi (MPa)

20,000 (138)
40,000 (276)

Dielectric Strength, Perpendicular

Parallel

ASTM D-149

Vpm (kV/mm)
kV/in.

300 (11.7)
50

Power Factor, 60 Hz

ASTM D-150

0.03

Dielectric Constant, 60 Hz

ASTM D-150

5.0

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Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

100

120

Thermal Coefficient of Expansion

ASTM D-696

in./in./F

3 x 10-6

Thermal Conductivity

BTU/hr./sq.ft./in.F

4
0.17
0.75
0.19

Weight Loss, 200 hrs. at 150C

200 hrs. at 200C

1.0
6.1

Extractables in Freon 22

1.05

Specific gravity

ASTM D-792

1.95

Water Absorption

ASTM D-349

0.3

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410

Description:

Nomex paper is produced from short length fibers called floc and small binder particles called
fibrids of high temperature resistant aramid polymer. These constituents, floc, and fibrids are formed
into a sheet structure on a Fourdrinier paper machine without the use of additional binders, fillers, or
sizers. The products is then calendered with heat and pressure to densify it to a bulk specific gravity
of 0.7 to 1.2 (depending on its thickness). The paper is available in rolls and sheets of various widths
and in thickness of 2 to 30 mils (0.05 to 0.76 millimeters).
Type 410 paper also retains good electrical properties at high relative humidity as shown in Table
III (page 3 of 3). The dielectric strength is essentially the same for Type 410 paper conditioned at
0 and 95% relative humidity. The dielectric constant dissipation, and volume resistivity are affected
only slightly over the same range.
Nomex paper is fully suitable for continuous operation at 220C (430F). More than ten years
of commercial experience with Nomex paper in a broad variety of high temperature electrical
applications have verified these extrapolations. Measurements show, for example, that Nomex
Type 410 Paper will maintain 300 volts/mil (12kV/mm) dielectric strength for several hours at 400C
(750F), which is the performance predicted by extrapolating the Arrhenius curve. This means
that Nomex paper offers outstanding protection against short-term high-temperature excursions
caused by stalled rotors or other overload conditions.
The molecular structure responsible for the excellent thermal stability of Nomex Type 410 Aramid
Paper also results in outstanding chemical stability and resistance to most common acids and
alkalines. Nomex Type 410 paper is fully compatible and used commercially with transformer oils,
silicones, and refrigerants. Nomex paper is also compatible with common classes of electrical
varnishes and adhesives as well as other components of electrical equipment.
Performance in Oils:
The impulse dielectric strength of Nomex Type 410 paper impregnated with mineral oil is
significantly better than that of impregnated kraft paper of the same thickness when tested with
125kV impulse generator.
Physical Properties:
Typically, physical properties of Nomex Type 410 paper at room temperature and 50% relative
humidity, in both the machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CMD), are listed in Table
II (page 2 of 3).
The high temperature properties and thermal stability of Nomex paper are outstanding. With
increasing temperature, there is a gradual decrease in tensile strength, such that at 225C (435F) it
retains about two-thirds of its room temperature value. Break elongation remains relatively constant
up to 200C (390F).

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Nomex paper also retains good physical properties at very low temperatures. For example, at the
temperature of liquid nitrogen, -196C (-320F), the tensile strength of 10 mil (0.25 millimeters) of
Nomex Type 410 increases 30-60% over room temperature, while elongation to break exceeds
3% (better than most inorganic materials at room temperature).

The Gund Company, Inc

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410

Item:

(Continued from page 1) Water acts much like a plasticizer on Nomex paper. The rate of moisture
pick-up of Nomex Type 410 paper at a given relative humidity and temperature varies inversely
with the papers thickness, density, and basis weight. At equilibrium, the percentage of moisture
absorbed by Nomex paper is approximately one-tenth the relative humidity. The effect of relative
humidity on the dimensions of Nomex paper is indicated in Table IV (page 3 of 3).
The optimum balance of properties of Nomex Type 410 paper is obtained at 3 5% moisture
content which corresponds to equilibrium at 30 50% RH. Increasing the moisture content to 7%
(based on dry weight) generally improves the papers mechanical properties to the following extent:
significant increases in elongation, toughness, fold endurance, and Finch and impact tear strength.

Table I:
Electrical Properties of Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410
Key Characteristics

Test Method Units

Typical Values, Mils (Inches)

2 (0.05)

3 (0.08)

4 (0.10)

530
21

590
23

630
25

690
27

5 (0.13)

830
33

7 (0.18)

850
34

10 (0.25)

1000 Hz 2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.6

1000 Hz 0.007

0.008

0.009

0.010

0.012

0.014

Dielectric Strength,
AC Rapid Rise

ASTM D-149

V/mil
kV/mm

Dielectric Constant

ASTM D-150

Dissipation Factor

ASTM D-150

Key Characteristics

Test Method Units

Dielectric Strength,
AC Rapid Rise

ASTM D-149

V/mil
kV/mm

Dielectric Constant

ASTM D-150

1000 Hz

2.8

3.0

3.3

3.4

Dissipation Factor

ASTM D-150

1000 Hz

0.015

0.016

0.018

0.019

0.020

Typical Values, Mils (Inches)

12 (0.30) 15 (0.38) 20 (0.51) 24 (0.61) 29 (0.74) 30 (0.76)
860
34

860
34

770
30

750
30

730
29

700
28

Table II:
Electrical Properties vs. Relative Humidity for Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410
(10 mil, 0.25 mm)

Tel (314) 423-5200

Relative Humidity

Dielectric Strength

Dielectric Constant

Dissipation Factor

Volume Resistivity

V/mil

Dry Oven

960

kV/mm

1000 Hz

Ohm-cm

2.3

0.013

6 x 1016

920

2.6

0.014

2 x 1016

880

3.1

0.025

2 x 1014

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Item:

Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410

Table III:
Typical Properties of Nomex Type 410 Aramid Paper
Electrical Properties

Test Method

Units

0.005

0.010

0.020

0.030

Dielectric Strength, AC Rapid Rise

ASTM D-149
V/mil
Full Wave Impulse 1250 ASTM D-3426

635
--

810
1,400

790
1,600

695
1,400

Dielectric Constant

ASTM D-150

2.4

2.7

3.4

3.7

Dissipation Factor

ASTM D-150

0.006

0.007

Mechanical Properties

Test Method

Units

Basis Weight

ASTM D-646

Oz./yd.

3.4

7.3

16.1

24.8

Specific Gravity

0.87

0.96

1.05

1.08

Tensile Strength MD
CMD

ASTM D-828

lb./in.

80
40

175
85

375
215

520
350

Tear Resistance MD
CMD

ASTM D-1004 lb.

7.3
3.6

16.0
9.2

36.4
24.1

54.1
43.0

Elmendorf Tear MD
CMD

TAPPI-414

gm.

240
520

525
1010

1173
2000

n/a
n/a

Shrinkage, 300C (570F)

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.005

0.010

0.020

0.030

Table IV:
Effect of Relative Humidity on the Dimensions
of Nomex Aramid Paper Type 410
Dielectric Constant

CMD

0.4

0.9

0.4

0.9

0.6

1.2

0.6

1.4

0.9

1.7

1.1

2.1

MD = Machine Direction
CMD = Cross-Machine Direction

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Relative Humidity

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Nomex Aramid Pressboard

Description:

Nomex Aramid Pressboard is composed of a synthetic aromatic polyamide in two forms:

Floc

long fibers to provide mechanical strength

Fibrids

Microscopic filmy particles to act as a filler and binder, to provide the dielectric strength
and some key physical properties

Pressboard is made into sheet structures by specialized board-making methods. During this process,
the fibrids join to form filmy webs between the fibers. In most cases, the sheet calendered (densified
at high temperature and pressure) to permanently lock the components together and produce a
relatively impermeable structure with high levels of electric and mechanical integrity.
Availability:

Nomex Aramid Pressboard is available in three types:

Type 992

A low-density pressboard. The low density allows easy formation of complex shapes
and provides the highest saturability of the pressboard products.

Type 993

A medium-density pressboard. This material provides a balance of rigidity and

conformability along with outstanding saturability and excellent electrical properties
in oil.

Type 994

A high-density pressboard. It provides superior stability under compressive loads. Type

994 will also absorb oils and other fluids, but not as readily as Types 992 and 993.

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

TufQuin with Polyester Film

Description:

Quin-T TFT composites are a family of laminates based on Quin-Ts advanced high performance
hybrid insulation material, TufQuin 110 hybrid inorganic/organic paper bonded to both of polyester
film using a high-temperature resin system.
TufQuin TFT laminate insulation is designed to meet the high-performance requirements found in
Class H (180C) rotating electrical apparatus and dry type transformers.

Application:

TufQuin TFT laminate insulation is designed for use as slot cell, phase and wedge insulation for
motors and generators through Class H (180C). They may also be used as layer and ground
insulation in dry type transformers.
TFT laminates provide excellent value in use as they exhibit a balanced blend of electrical, physical,
and thermal capabilities on a cost-effective basis. They are the product of choice for manufacturers
seeking to improve the reliability of their equipment by upgrading the performance of the flexible
electrical insulation used.

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

TFT-3-3-3

TFT-3-5-3

TFT-3-71/2-3

Thickness

Mil (mm)

9 (0.23)

11 (0.28)

14 (0.36)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

100 (17.5)

173 (30.3)

196 (34.3)

Elongation, MD

Basis Weight

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.55 (0.30)

0.68 (0.37)

0.83 (0.45)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

10.8

14.5

16.1

Elmendorf Tear, MD
CMD

405
920

544
1,459

552
1,830

Key Characteristics

Grams

Units - English (SI)

TFT-3-14-3

TFT-5-3-5

TFT-5-5-5

TFT-510-5

Thickness

Mil (mm)

20 (0.51)

13 (0.33)

15 (0.38)

20 (0.51)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

240 (42)

112 (19.6)

143 (25.0)

229 (40.1)

Elongation, MD

Basis Weight

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

1.22 (0.66)

0.71 (0.39)

0.87 (0.47)

1.23 (0.67)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

19.5

11.8

15.0

19.1

Elmendorf Tear, MD
CMD

1450
1,493

760
2,640

1056
3,060

960
2,725

Grams

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specifications and drawings of our customers

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Fabricated Parts:

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

TufQuin 110 & 120

Description:

TufQuin 110 is a flexible, conformable paper exhibiting physical toughness in the form of high tensile
strength and excellent tear resistance. TufQuin 110 offers good dielectric strength characteristics
and thermal conductivity in conjunction with high temperature performance.
TufQuin 120 is generically the same as TufQuin 110, but this version employs a slightly different
manufacturing process that yields thicker constructions while maintaining conformability.
Both TufQuin 110 and 120 are qualified for use in electrical insulation systems up to Class N (200C)
as per UL 1446 and IEC Standard 60085; CSA Component Acceptance at 200C.

Application:

Availability:

Transformers, Coils, Reactors (layer, barrier, and end-turn insulation for dry type and oil filled)
Spiral and Convolute-wound Tubing
Motors and Generators (slot, phase, and wedge insulation)
Wire and Cable Wrap
Switchgear Insulation
Capacitor Layer Insulation

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

TufQuin 110
By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

Basis Weight

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

Elongation, MD

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

12 (2.1)

15 (2.6)

20 (3.5)

24 (4.2)

50 (8.7)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

0.4

0.6

0.7

0.8

2.0

Moisture Absorption

1.0

Total Moisture Content

1.5

2 (0.05)

2.5 (0.06) 3 (0.08)

0.10 (0.044) 0.13 (0.07)

0.16 (0.09)

5 (0.13)

10 (0.25)

0.26 (0.14)

0.53 (0.29)

TufQuin 120
By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Tel (314) 423-5200

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

7.5 (0.19)

12 (0.30)

15 (0.38)

20 (0.21)

Basis Weight

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.35 (0.19)

0.64 (0.35)

0.79 (0.43)

1.1 (0.60)

Elongation, MD

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

36 (6.3)

55 (9.6)

75 (13)

110 (19)

1.0

1.9

2.1

3.3

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

CeQuin with Glass & Film

Description:

CeQuin laminates are a series of unfired, ceramic-like non-asbestos, dielectric insulating papers
that have been laminated to another material (substrate) for added strength and cut-through
resistance.
The CeQuin series base papers, being principally inorganic, imparts the desired electrical insulation
properties; the laminating substrate imparts the needed physical strength.
CeQuin I is a soft, flexible, conformable paper while CeQuin V is a stiff, thermally stabilized paper.
CeQuin non-asbestos laminates are available in thicknesses from 3.5 to 60 millimeters and in a
variety of strengths and surface textures. They are tough, but comfortable, with good tear, tensile,
and stretch properties.
CeQuin laminates have excellent thermal stability becuase of their primary inorganic composition. All
show exceptional dimensional stability with negligible shrinkage after one week at 250C. Dielectric
strength remains stable after exposure to high temperatures. They retain over 70% of their original
dielectric strength after exposure to 330C for 1,000 hours.
In addition, CeQuin laminates exhibit exceptionally high initial thermal conductivity. When compared
to aramid paper insulation, this property allows for more compact design of equipment with a similar
temperature rise, or lower temperature rise in the same size equipment. CeQuin laminates will
compress slightly during winding. Wire will imbed in the paper surface, reducing slippage and
increasing window fill. CeQuin laminates also readily absorb varnish, which further increases thermal
conductivity and results in a more tightly bonded coil thus reducing coil noise.

Application:

CeQuin laminates are ideally suited for:

Ground, layer, and end-turn insulation in dry type transformers and stick-and-bobbin wound coils
Spiral and convolute wound tubes
Wire adn cable manufacture as thermal, flame, or electrical insulation
Conductor, coil, and phase insulation in rotating equipment
Temperature Resistance:
Since CeQuin laminates are principally inorganic, they are capable of satisfactory performance in the
highest temperature electrical insulation systems. When impregnated with thermally stable electrical
varnish, they will assume the aging characteristics normal to the saturating resin.

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

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Physical Characteristics:
The base paper, the reinforcing material, and the thickness determine the physical and electrical
characteristics. Polyester film laminates have the highest tear strength and excellent cut-through
resistance. they also have strong memory, meaning they will tend to spring back to their original
shape when folded, bent or shaped.

The Gund Company, Inc

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ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

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MATERIAL DATA SHEET

CeQuin with Glass & Film

Item:

CeQuin IF
Key Characteristics

Test Method

By Thickness, Inches (mm)

Units - English (SI)

0.007 (0.18) 0.012 (0.3)

0.018 (0.46)

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-528

lb./1 in. (Kn/m)

5 - 2 (7)

10 - 2 (7)

15 - 3 (24.5)

Grammage

ASTM D-646

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.22 (40)

0.32 (40)

0.43 (140)

V/mil (Kv)

8.3 (0.4)

8.8 (0.6)

3.0 (0.8)

Dielectric Breakdown ASTM D-149

CeQuin VF
Key Characteristics

Test Method

By Thickness, Inches (mm)

Units - English (SI)

0.007 (0.18) 0.012 (0.3)

0.036 (0.91)

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-528

lb./1 in. (Kn/m)

5 - 2 (7)

10 - 2 (7)

3 - 30 - 3 (53)

Grammage

ASTM D-646

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.22 (40)

0.32 (40)

1.0 (300)

V/mil (Kv)

8.3 (0.4)

8.8 (0.6)

4.5 (1.9)

Dielectric Breakdown ASTM D-149

CeQuin IR
Key Characteristics

Test Method

By Thickness, Inches (mm)

Units - English (SI)

0.006 (0.15) 0.01 (0.25)

0.013 (0.33)

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-528

lb./1 in. (Kn/m)

3 - 3 (12)

7 - 3 (12)

10 - 3 (12)

Grammage

ASTM D-646

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.11 (68)

0.27 (68)

0.36 (68)

V/mil (Kv)

0.6 (0.2)

1.4 (0.5)

2.0 (0.6)

Dielectric Breakdown ASTM D-149

CeQuin VG
Key Characteristics

Test Method Units - English (SI)

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-528

lb./1 in. (Kn/m)

Grammage

ASTM D-646

Dielectric Breakdown ASTM D-149

CeQuin IGI

By Thickness, Inches (mm)

0.01 (0.25) 0.013 (0.33) 0.017 (0.43) 0.23 (0.58)
7 - 3 (24.5)

10 - 3 (24.5)

7 - 3 - 7 (24.5) 10 - 3 -10 (24.5)

lb./yard (kg/m )

0.27 (140)

0.38 (140)

0.54 (140)

0.65 (140)

V/mil (Kv)

1.4 (0.5)

2.0 (0.7)

2.8 (1.0)

4.0 (1.2)

CeQuin IFI

CeQuin VGV

By Thickness, Inches (mm)

Tel (314) 423-5200

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-528

lb./1 in. (Kn/m)

3 - 3 (10.5)

5 - 3 -5 (24.5)

Grammage

ASTM D-646

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.27 (60)

0.38 (140)

V/mil (Kv)

10 (0.5)

4.0 (4.0)

Dielectric Breakdown ASTM D-149

0.09 (0.23)

0.13 (0.33)

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MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

CeQuin I, II, III, V, & GESAT

Description:

The CeQuin products described herein are generically an aluminum silicate, unfired ceramic-like
material which have had a combination of synthetic fibers and high-temperature binders engineered
into their structures.
This results in a family of products that have excellent electrical and physical characteristics for
use in high-temperature electrical insulation applications. They are cost-effective materials that will
outperform competitive organic materials that cost substantially more.

Availability:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

CeQuin I
Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard (kg/m )

Elongation, MD

Grammage

lb./yard (kg/m )

By Thickness, Mil (mm)

3 (0.076)

5 (0.125)

10 (0.254) 15 (0.38)

30 (0.76)

4.5 (0.8)

5.7 (1.0)

15 (2.7)

19 (3.4)

25 (4.4)

0.14 (0.076) 0.26 (0.14)

0.5 (0.27)

0.75 (0.41)

1.5 (0.81)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

0.6

1.3

2.3

Bursting Strength, Mullen

4 (25

6 (40)

13 (90)

21 (145)

28 (195)

Psi (kPa)

CeQuin II
By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

30 (0.76)

40 (1.02)

60 (1.53)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

29 (5.1)

44 (7.7)

54 (9.4)

Elongation, MD

Grammage

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

1.5 (0.81)

2 (1.1)

3.3 (1.8)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

4.06

Bursting Strength, Mullen

29 (200)

36 (250)

58 (400)

Psi (kPa)

CeQuin III
5 (0.125)

7 (0.175)

10 (0.254)

15 (0.38)

30 (0.76)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

6.8 (1.2)

9.1 (1.6)

16 (2.8)

19 (3.0)

29 (5.0)

Elongation, MD

Grammage

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.24 (0.13)

0.34 (0.18)

0.49 (0.27)

0.73 (0.4)

1.4 (0.76)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

1.2

1.5

2.2

2.7

4.8

Bursting Strength, Mullen

9 (60)

12 (80)

19 (130)

23 (160)

49 (340)

Psi (kPa)

59
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Units - English (SI)

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By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Key Characteristics

The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

CeQuin I, II, III, V, & GESAT

Item:

CeQuin V
By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard (kg/m )

6.8 (1.2)

9.7 (1.7)

17 (3.0)

20 (3.5)

26 (4.6)

Elongation, MD

Grammage

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

5 (0.125)

7 (0.175)

10 (0.254) 15 (0.38)

30 (0.76)

0.26 (0.14)

0.39 (0.21)

0.5 (0.27)

0.75 (0.41) 1.5 (0.81)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

1.1

1.4

2.1

2.6

4.7

Bursting Strength, Mullen

7 (48)

10 (70)

14 (100)

22 (150)

36 (250)

Psi (kPa)

CeQuin GESAT
By Thickness, Mil (mm)

Key Characteristics

Units - English (SI)

5.5 (0.125)

7 (0.175)

10 (0.254)

Tensile Strength, MD

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

9.7 (1.7)

14 (2.5)

17 (3.0)

Elongation, MD

Grammage

lb./yard2 (kg/m2)

0.27 (0.15)

0.4 (0.22)

0.53 (0.29)

Dielectric Breakdown Strength kV

1.3

2.8

Bursting Strength, Mullen

11 (75)

14 (95)

18 (125)

Psi (kPa)

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TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

PolyPro FR, Flame Retardant Polypropylene

Description:

PolyPro FR is a Flame Retardant Polypropylene with a complete range of thicknesses for electrical
insulation applications in electrical and electronic equipment. It has high mechanical strength with a
proven track record in a wide range of applications in which tear strength and puncture resistance
are critical.
PolyPro Fr is suitable for outdoor use with respect to exposure to ultraviolet light, water exposure,
and immersion in accordance with UL 746C.
This material offers excellent fabrication and formability characteristics allowing the production
cost of insulation components to remain low. Because of this, PolyPro FR provides a lower cost
alternative for designs incorporating the use of materials such as Formex, Nomex 410, Valox, Mylar
Polyester Film, Vulcanized Fibre, Duroid, FR 700, and Quin-T products. PolyPro FR and Formex are
considered suitable equivalents according to UL.
SI Units
0.25 mm to 3.18 mm
61 cm x 61 cm, 121.92 cm x 243.84 cm

Thickness:
Sheet Sizes:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Color

Black

Density

ASTM D-792

lbs./in. (gm./cc)

0.037 (1.035)

Oxygen Index

ASTM D-2863

Water Absorption

ASTM D-570

Heat Deflection Temperature (66 psi, 0.125) ASTM D-648

0.01

F (C)

185 (85)

Tensile Strength, Yield (23C, 0.125)

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

4,400 (30.3

Tensile Elongation, Yield (23C, 0.125)

ASTM D-638

>100

Flexural Modulus (23C, 0.125)

ASTM D-790

kpsi (MPa)

210 (1,448)

Flexural Strength (23C, 0.125)

ASTM D-790

psi (MPa)

5,900 (40.7)

Izod Impact Strength (23C, 0.125)

ASTM D-256

ft.lbs./in. (J/m)

1.2 (64)

Dielectric Strength (0.01)

ASTM D-149

Volts/mil

2,200

Volume Resistivity

ASTM D-257

ohm-cm

1.5 x 1017

Dielectric Constant

ASTM D-150

2.30

Dielectric Breakdown (0.01)

ASTM D-149

Volts

22,000

Dissipation Factor

ASTM D-150

0.0009

Comparative Tracking Index

ASTM D-363

600+

Fax (314) 423-9009

English Units
0.010 to 0.125
24 x 24, 48 x 96

Sheets:

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The Gund Company, Inc

MANUFACTURERS OF

ELECTRICAL INSULATION MATERIALS

St. Louis, Missouri USA

TEL - 314.423.5200
FAX - 314.423.9009

INSULATING COMPONENTS FOR

POWER SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT

MATERIAL DATA SHEET

Item:

Glass Epoxy Filament Wound Tubing

Description:

Filament wound glass epoxy tubes are manufactured by winding electrical grade glass filament
(Class E) coated with epoxy resin around a mandrel. The mandrel size dictates the inner diameter
while the number of turns or windings of glass determines the outer diameter. Filament wound
glass tubes offer excellent burst strength. The resin system can also be adjusted to offer a range of
properties specific to particular applications.

Availability:

Fabricated Parts:

The Gund Company custom fabricates insulation materials to the exact

specifications and drawings of our customers

Key Characteristics

Test Method

Units - English (SI)

Typical Values

Tensile Strength

ASTM D-638

psi (MPa)

13,000 (90)

Compressive Strength

ASTM D-348

psi (MPa)

20,000 (138)

Shear Strength

ASTM D-348

psi (MPa)

7,000 (48)

Barcol Hardness

ASTM D-2593-75

Density

ASTM D-1505-68

lbs./in.3 (g/cc)

0.076 (2.1)

Specific Gravity

ASTM D-792

2.08

Water Absorption

ASTM D-570

0.1 max.

Dielectric Constant

ASTM D-150

5.0 max.

High-Current Arc

UL 746A

Seconds

High-Voltage Arc Resistance

ASTM D-495

Seconds

130

High-Voltage Arc Tracking

UL 746A

in./minute

0.0

Hot Wire Ignition

UL 746A

Seconds

300+

UL Flammability

UL 746A

Heat Distortion

ASTM D-648

125

Glass Transition Temperature

ASTM D-648

125

Electrical Temperature Index

UL 746B

180

Mechanical Temperature Index

UL 746B

190

Dielectric Strength

ASTM D-149

V/mil (kV/mm)

510 (20)

Dissipation Factor

ASTM D-150

0.015 max.

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Section VI
Appendix

The Gund Company, Inc.

2121 Walton Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63114
Tel: (314) 423-5200 * Fax: (314) 423-9009
www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist

This form is provided as a checklist for our customers
interested in receiving kitted insulation materials and
components for dry type transformers. There is a short
biographical section on this page followed by additional
pages specifically for disc wound and barrel wound
designs.
Customer Information:
OEM

Transformer Repair Company

Utility

Other

Contact Name:
Contact Email:
Contact Telephone:
Company Name:

Transformer Information:
Type of Unit:
Manufacturer:
Size (kVA):
Insulation Class:
Temperature Rise:
U.L. Insulation
System:
Other Notes:
Material Req. Date:
Qty of Kits Req.:

Disc Wound
Barrel Wound
Electronic Coil
130C
185C
200C
220C
80C
115C
130C
150C
Dupont
Elantas PDG
Proprietary
Other:______________________________

TGC can use this form as a kit

contents list for a particular
transformer design. OEMs would
indicate the annual usage of kits per
transformer while a repair company
would indicate the usage for the
number of units being repaired.
Kits are supplied with material polybagged or shrink wrapped with
packaging to meet customer
requirements so that the winding kits
can be supplied directly to the shop
floor.
If UL insulation system information is
provided, TGC will verify that all
materials meet system requirements.

Tel (314) 423-5200

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2121 Walton Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63114
Tel: (314) 423-5200 * Fax: (314) 423-9009
www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist

Barrel Wound Transformers: Section 1 of 2
The barrel wound transformer at right does not use core tube material
as the insulated conductor was wrapped around a mandrel. There is
also no winding tape used to hold the core tube material together
because no core tube was used in this design.
The conductor insulation in the unit at the right was Nomex. The
layer insulation was supplied in coil form slit to width (13.5) in coil
form. Glass filament reinforced polyester film tape was used as the
winding tape. This unit did not use any thick layer insulation or
barrier material in sheet form between the primary and secondary
winding.

Wrapped around a winding

mandrel as the first layer of
insulation before winding the
conductor.

Nomex
Thermavolt
TufQuin 110
Flexible GPO N200F or FHT
Grade GPO-3 Laminate
Grade N220 or SG-200
Laminate
Filament Wound Epoxy Tube

Winding Tape
(Pressure Sensitive)

Intertape # _______
3M # _______
Other: _______ #_______

Conductor Insulation

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Other: _______

Used to hold down successive

layers of insulation.

Used to wrap around conductor

as primary insulation.

Layer Insulation (Coil)

Used between the layers of

conductor.

Layer Insulation (Sheet)

Used between the layers of

conductor, but usually a bit
thicker if used between the
primary and secondary winding.

Dimensions
Sheet Thickness:
.030 x __________ Wide
.062 x __________ Wide
.093 x __________ Wide
Other: ______ x __________ Wide

Qty Per
Unit
_____ Each

Tube Dimensions:
ID:_______ x OD:_______ x Length:_______
Width: _______

_____ Rolls

Thickness:
.002 x __________ Wide
.003 x __________ Wide
.005 x __________ Wide

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Nomex Mylar Nomex
(NMN)
Other: _______

Thickness:
.005 x __________ Wide
.007 x __________ Wide
.010 x __________ Wide
.015 x __________ Wide
.020 x __________ Wide
.030 x __________ Wide

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Nomex Mylar Nomex
(NMN)
Other: _______

Thickness:
.005 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.007 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.010 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.015 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.020 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.030 x _______ Wide x _______ Length

_____ L.Yds.

Fax (314) 423-9009

Core Tube Material

Material Choices

_____ Each

65
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Application

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2121 Walton Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63114
Tel: (314) 423-5200 * Fax: (314) 423-9009
www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist

Barrel Wound Transformers: Section 2 of 2
The unit at right uses a glass cloth tape as the layer insulation tape for
the final layer around the winding. This unit does not have an intra
coil phase barrier wound into the coil. The axial duct spacers are two
different sizes of cut-to-length dogbone pultruded rod. This unit used
glass cloth tape to insulate the leads leaving the coil though sleeving
is also very common. This unit does use GPO-1 coil shims between
the coil and core to help prevent vibration. This unit also uses a
terminal board for lead connections.

Layer Insulation Tape

Intertape # _______
3M # _______
Other: _______ #_______

Intra Coil Phase Barrier

Nomex
TufQuin
Thermavolt
GPO Grade FHT
GPO Grade N220
Nomex
GPO Grade N200F
GPO Grade FHT
NEMA Grade GPO-3

Thickness:
.030 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.062 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.093 x _______ Wide x _______ Length

GPO Grade N155

GPO Grade N220

Size:

This tape is used to hold down

the final layer of insulation
around the exterior of the coil or
around leads exiting the coil.
In some designs, a barrier is
wound into the coil on the side
facing the next phase coil.

Inter Coil Phase Barrier

Depending on the design, inter

coil phase barriers may be used
between the coils of the
transformer

Axial Duct Spacer Rods

Used to provide mechanical

spacing for airflow through the
coil.

Tel (314) 423-5200

Coil Shims

Provided to help tighten the core

/ coil assembly to reduce
vibration.

NEMA Grade GPO-1

NEMA Grade GPO-3
GPO Grade N200
NEMA Paper Phenolic XX,
XXX

Terminal Board

NEMA Grade GPO-3

Provided to support terminals for

lead connections. A drawing is
commonly required.

Width: _______

_____ Rolls

Thickness:
.030 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.062 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.093 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.125 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.188 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.250 x .250 x ______ Long
.250 x .375 x ______ Long
.375 x .375 x ______ Long
.375 x .500 x ______ Long
____ x ____ x ______ Long

Thickness
.030 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.060 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.093 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.125 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.250 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
Starter Bevel
x 60
Thickness: _____
Width: _________
Length: ________
Pultrusion: #________ x ________ Length

_____ Each

_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each

_____ Each

Fax (314) 423-9009

Drawing Required (Please attach)

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2121 Walton Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63114
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www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist

Disc Wound Transformers: Section 1
This disc wound uses a filament wound core tube to provide mechanical strength during
the winding process with low labor content. The secondary winding uses a traditional
barrel wound design with layer insulation and tape along with axial duct spacer rods
(dogbones). A layer of flexible laminate Grade FHT is typically used between the
secondary and primary windings. Conductors are insulated with Nomex using glass
filament reinforced polyester tape to hold layer insulation in place.

Wrapped around a winding

mandrel as the first layer of
insulation before winding the
conductor.

Nomex
Thermavolt
TufQuin 110
Flexible GPO N200F or FHT
Grade GPO-3 Laminate
Grade N220 or SG-200
Laminate
Filament Wound Epoxy Tube

Winding Tape
(Pressure Sensitive)

Intertape # _______
3M # _______
Other: _______ #_______

Conductor Insulation

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Other: _______

Used to hold down successive

layers of insulation.

Used to wrap around conductor

as primary insulation.

Layer Insulation (Coil)

Used between the layers of

conductor.

Layer Insulation (Sheet)

Used between the layers of

conductor, but usually a bit
thicker if used between the
primary and secondary winding.

Layer Insulation Tape

This tape is used to wrap the

final layer of insulation around
the exterior of the coil or around
leads exiting the coil.

Dimensions
Sheet Thickness:
.030 x __________ Wide
.062 x __________ Wide
.093 x __________ Wide
Other: ______ x __________ Wide

_____ Each

Tube Dimensions:
ID:_______ x OD:_______ x
Length:_______
Width: _______

_____ Rolls

Thickness:
.002 x __________ Wide
.003 x __________ Wide
.005 x __________ Wide

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Nomex Mylar Nomex
(NMN)
Other: _______

Thickness:
.005 x __________ Wide
.007 x __________ Wide
.010 x __________ Wide
.015 x __________ Wide
.020 x __________ Wide
.030 x __________ Wide

Nomex
TufQuin 110
Thermavolt
Nomex Mylar Nomex
(NMN)
Flexible GPO N200F
Flexible GPO FHT
Other: _______

Intertape # _______
3M # _______
Other: _______ #_______

Qty Per
Unit

Width: _______

_____ L.Yds.

_____ Each
Fax (314) 423-9009

Core Tube Material

Material Choices

_____ Rolls

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2121 Walton Road, Saint Louis, Missouri 63114
Tel: (314) 423-5200 * Fax: (314) 423-9009
www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Kitting Checklist

Disc Wound Transformers: Section 2
This disc wound uses winding combs to support the conductor windings as well as
phase barriers between the coils. Leads are insulated with sleeving and a
terminal board provides the support for the connections to the bus bar which are
insulated with GPO-3 angles. The coils are supported with GPO-3 blocks and
clamps on the top and bottom.
Axial Duct Spacer Rods

GPO Grade N155

GPO Grade N220

Winding Combs

Used to support conductor

windings in a disc wound
design.

GPO Grade N220

GPO Grade SG-200
GPO Grade HST-II
NEMA GPO-3
GPO N155 / N220 (circle one)

Phase Barriers

NEMA GPO-3

Used to provide mechanical

spacing for air flow through the
coil.

Used between phase coils.

Lead Wire Insulation

Commonly insulating tape or

sleeving.

1) Tape:
Intertape # _______
3M # _______
Other: _______ #_______

Coil Clamps & Supports

2) Sleeving:
Varflex
NEMA Grade GPO-1
NEMA Grade GPO-3
GPO Grade N200

Provided to clamp and support

the coil from the
superstructure.

Bus Supports

Angles and channels used to

support and brace the bus bar.

NEMA Grade GPO-3

Size:

.250 x .250 x ______ Long

.250 x .375 x ______ Long
.375 x .375 x ______ Long
.375 x .500 x ______ Long
____ x ____ x ______ Long
Thickness:
.250 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.375 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.500 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
Drawing Required (Please attach).
Thickness:
.125 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.187 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
.250 x _______ Wide x _______ Length

Tel (314) 423-5200

Provided to support terminals

for lead connections. A
drawing is commonly required.

NEMA Grade GPO-3

_____ Each

Drawing Required (Please attach)

Width: _______

_____ Rolls

Diameter: _______

_____ L. Feet

Thickness
1.00 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
1.50 x _______ Wide x _______ Length
Drawing Required. See TGC Template.
Angle:
Thk: ___ x ___ Leg x ___ Leg x ___ Length
Channel:
Thk: ___ x ___ Leg x ___ Leg x ___ Length
Pultrusion # _______ x _______ Length

Terminal Board

_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each

Drawing Required (Please attach).

Thickness: _____
Width: _________
Length: ________
Pultrusion: #________ x ________ Length

_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each
_____ Each

_____ Each

Fax (314) 423-9009

Drawing Required (Please attach)

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2121 WALTON ROAD

ST LOUIS MO 63114 USA
(314)-423-5200
FAX (314)-423-9009

Tel (314) 423-5200

Challenge The Gund Company to Engineer Lower

Costs for Your Insulation Applications

Application Engineering from The Gund Company allows us to assist manufacturers of

power supply equipment in designing the most cost effective insulation systems for their equipment.

Many manufacturers have partnered with The Gund Company to lower their cost structure
for insulation components. With todays competitive marketplace and the tremendous impact of
the economic slowdown, each company strives to reduce their cost structure for their designs. The
Gund Companys Application Engineering and Partnership Agreement establishes firm cost reduction
initiatives that will lead to cost reductions. For a sample Partnership Agreement, including examples of
our cost reduction initiatives, please contact John Sullivan at (314) 423-5200.

As an example, for manufacturers of power supplies, The Gund Company has initiated three
cost reduction initiatives specifically:
1. Engineering Review of All Insulation Materials
Review material selection versus application for all materials
End practice of using Nomex Paper in non-220C applications
Review design dimensions for all NEMA GPO-3 Red Glass Polyester
Obtain savings of 10 - 15% from improved material selection
2. Engineering Review of Nomex Aramid Paper
Review all use of Nomex Paper in non-220C applications
Replace Nomex Paper with less costly alternatives
Obtain savings of 15-25% with alternate materials
3. Introduction of Polypro FR, Flame Retardant Polypropylene
Lower cost equivalent to Formex materials
Use to replace Formex for barriers, terminal insulation, and fuse clip insulation
applications, among others
Obtain savings of 10 - 15% versus Formex materials

Tel (314) 423-5200

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Power Distribution Unit with

Barrel Wound Dry Type Transformer

Disc Wound Dry Type Transformer

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Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Contacting The Gund Company

Regardless of your companys location, our philosophy to offer the shortest possible leadtimes in the industry while providing the most responsive service allows us to deliver material
to our customers when needed. Please contact any of our locations for an immediate response
to your needs.

The Gund Company, Inc

2121 Walton Road
St. Louis, MO 63114
Tel 314.423.5200 Fax 314.423.9009

TGC Canada

TGC West

930 Gartshore Street

Fergus, Ontario N1M 2W7 Canada
(Toll Free) 800.265.2957 Fax 519.843.4891

722 South Allen Street

San Bernardino, CA 92408
Tel 909.890.9300 Fax 909.890.9390

TGC Mexico

Nohl Fabrication

Avenida Gustavo Baz No. 180-B-3

Colonia Tepetlacalco
Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico 54090
Tel 314.732.0342 Fax 5255.5374.8450

6360 North 60th Street

Milwaukee, WI 53218
Tel 414.464.8480 Fax 414.464.7689

[email protected]

Cherie Turner, Customer Service

Judy Webb, Customer Service
Robin Farmer, Customer Service

[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Fergus, ON

Paul Logozny, Sales Representative

Fred Pearson, Sales Representative

[email protected]
[email protected]

San Bernardino,
CA

Billie McGuire, Customer Service

Karen Nuske, Customer Service

[email protected]
[email protected]

Mexico City,
Mexico

Rodrigo Etchegaray, General Manager [email protected]

Erick Munoz, Sales Representative
[email protected]

Milwaukee, WI

Cerissa Dickerson, Customer Service

Jay Wnuk, Customer Service
Rodney Rainge, Customer Service

St. Louis, MO

[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
71

www.thegundcompany.com

Dry Type Transformer Insulation Handbook

Tel (314) 423-5200

Frank Brown, Sales Representative

Fax (314) 423-9009

Transformer & Switchgear Sales & Service Team

The Gund Company...Relentlessly Responsive

www.thegundcompany.com

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