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CNC Milling

The document provides an overview of computer numerical control programming basics for milling and turning. It discusses Cartesian coordinate systems, common machine types like lathes and milling machines, and programming systems like incremental and absolute. Programming codes for different axes and functions are also covered.

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64 views48 pages

CNC Milling

The document provides an overview of computer numerical control programming basics for milling and turning. It discusses Cartesian coordinate systems, common machine types like lathes and milling machines, and programming systems like incremental and absolute. Programming codes for different axes and functions are also covered.

Uploaded by

HKHKBOOKS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NUMERICAL

CONTROL
PROGRAMMING BASICS
Milling and Turning

CartesianCoordinateSystem
Almosteverythingthatcanbeproducedona
conventionalmachinetoolcanbeproduced
onaCNCMACHINETOOL,withitsmany
advantages.Themachinetoolmovements
usedinproducingaproductareoftwobasic
types:
pointtopoint (straightlinemovements)
continuouspath(contouringmovements).

MachinesUsingCNC
Early machine tools were designed so that the operator
was standing in front of the machine while operating the
controls.
This design is no longer necessary, since in CNC the
operator no longer controls the machine tool movements.
On conventional machine tools, only about 20 percent of
the time was spent removing material. With the addition of
electronic controls, actual time spent removing metal has
increased to 80 percent and even higher.
It has also reduced the amount of time required to bring
the cutting tool into each machining position.

CNCLathe
Most lathes are programmed on two axes
The X axis controls the cross motion of the
cutting tool.
Negative X (X) moves the tool towards the
spindle centerline;
positive X moves the tool away from the
spindle centerline.
The Z axis controls the carriage travel toward or
away from the headstock.

MillingMachine
Themillingmachinecanbeprogrammedon
threeaxes:
TheXaxiscontrolsthetablemovementleftor
right.
TheYaxiscontrolsthetablemovementtowardor
awayfromthecolumn.
TheZaxiscontrolsthevertical(upordown)
movementofthekneeorspindle.

ProgrammingSystems
Two types of programming modes used for CNC,
The incremental system
The absolute system.

Both systems have applications in CNC programming,


and no system is either right or wrong all the time.
Most controls on machine tools today are capable of
handling either incremental or absolute programming.

Incremental program
Locations are always given as the distance and
direction from the immediately preceding point.
Command codes which tell the machine to move
the table, spindle, and knee are explained here
using a vertical milling machine as an example:

SchoolofMechanicalandManufacturing
EngineeringDecember52012

PlaneSelectionG17,G18,G19

SchoolofMechanicalandManufacturing
EngineeringDecember52012

SUBProgram

SchoolofMechanicalandManufacturing
EngineeringDecember52012

END

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