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Momentum and Impulse

This document discusses momentum and impulse. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and defines impulse as the change in momentum caused by a force applied over time. It provides the equations for momentum (p=mv) and impulse (Impulse=FΔt=Δp=m(vf-vi)). It asks questions about how momentum changes based on changes in mass or velocity. It provides examples of calculating momentum and impulse for various objects. It discusses how applying a force over a longer period of time results in a smaller impulse than applying the same force over a shorter time.

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1K views25 pages

Momentum and Impulse

This document discusses momentum and impulse. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and defines impulse as the change in momentum caused by a force applied over time. It provides the equations for momentum (p=mv) and impulse (Impulse=FΔt=Δp=m(vf-vi)). It asks questions about how momentum changes based on changes in mass or velocity. It provides examples of calculating momentum and impulse for various objects. It discusses how applying a force over a longer period of time results in a smaller impulse than applying the same force over a shorter time.

Uploaded by

api-285179261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Momentum

Key Vocabulary
Momentum
Impulse
Collision/Collide
Conservation of Momentum
Elastic
Inelastic

Momentum
All objects have mass; so if an object is
moving, then it has momentum
It has its mass in motion.

Momentum
The amount of momentum which an
object has, depends on two things:
1. how much matter is moving
2. how fast the matter is moving

Momentum: "mass in motion


Equation: p = m x v
Unit: kg*m/s

Two Questions
Think-pair-share the following questions:
How does the momentum change if the size
(mass) of an object changes?
How does the momentum change if the
speed of an object changes?

Momentum
Momentum is a vector

Momentum
Consider a truck and a bicycle moving
down the street at the same speed. The
considerably greater mass of the truck
gives it a considerably greater
momentum. If the truck were at rest,
which would have the greater
momentum?

Momentum Questions
1. Determine the momentum of a ...
a.) 60 kg dog moving eastward at 9 m/s.
b.) 1000 kg car moving northward at 20 m/s.
c.) 40 kg man moving southward at 2 m/s.

Momentum Questions
A car possesses 20,000 units of
momentum. What would be the
car's new momentum if ...
a.) its velocity were doubled
b.) its mass were doubled
c.) both its velocity and mass were
doubled

If the boulder and the boy


have the same momentum,
will the boulder crush the
boy?
Hint: think about the
momentum formula!

p = mv

Momentum
and Impulse

IMPULSE A force applied for a


period of time which results in a
change of momentum.
Impulse = change in momentum

IMPULSE A force applied for a


period of time which results in a
change of momentum.
Impulse = change in momentum
Ft = p = (mv)
Ft = mvf - mvi
Ft = m (vf vi)

Impulse
A change in momentum in a short
time requires a large force.
A change in momentum in a long time
requires a small force.

The Wall and the Haystack

Greatest velocity change?


Greatest acceleration?
Greatest momentum change?
Greatest Impulse?

Therefore, a larger Force


and impulse occurs!

Example 1
Determine the impulse of the following
objects:
a. An object exerts 4.35 x 104 N [W] of force
over a time interval of 1.17 seconds.
b. An object exerts 3.21 x 103 N [N] of force
over a time interval of 0.023 h.

Impulse Example:
1. An 80 kg skier loses control and
demolishes a snow bank. If it takes the
skier 3 seconds to come to rest from an
impact speed of 9 m/s, find:
(a) the impulse on the man

(b) the average force exerted on him by the


snow bank

F vs t graph
Area under the curve

7500

F (N)

10

t (s)

20

Constant F

Find Area:
=L x W
=F x t
= 7500 x 20
= 150,000 Ns

Impulse from an F vs t graph


Area under the curve

7500
F (N)

10
t (s)

20

Impulse = F * t
Find Area:
= 2(1/2 *b*h)
= 2(1/2*10*7500)
= 75,000 Ns

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