The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow
By Washington Irving
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Found among the papers of the late Diedrech Knickerbock-
er.
A pleasing land of drowsy head it was,

Of dreams that wave before the half-shut eye;
And of gay castles in the clouds that pass,
Forever flushing round a summer sky.
Castle of Indolence.
I n the bosom of one of those spacious coves which indent

the eastern shore of the Hudson, at that broad expansion
of the river denominated by the ancient Dutch navigators
the Tappan Zee, and where they always prudently short-
ened sail and implored the protection of St. Nicholas when
they crossed, there lies a small market town or rural port,
which by some is called Greensburgh, but which is more
generally and properly known by the name of Tarry Town.
This name was given, we are told, in former days, by the
good housewives of the adjacent country, from the inveter-
ate propensity of their husbands to linger about the village
tavern on market days. Be that as it may, I do not vouch for
the fact, but merely advert to it, for the sake of being precise
and authentic. Not far from this village, perhaps about two
miles, there is a little valley or rather lap of land among high
hills, which is one of the quietest places in the whole world.
A small brook glides through it, with just murmur enough
to lull one to repose; and the occasional whistle of a quail or
tapping of a woodpecker is almost the only sound that ever
breaks in upon the uniform tranquillity.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

I recollect that, when a stripling, my first exploit in squir-
rel-shooting was in a grove of tall walnut-trees that shades
one side of the valley. I had wandered into it at noontime,
when all nature is peculiarly quiet, and was startled by the
roar of my own gun, as it broke the Sabbath stillness around
and was prolonged and reverberated by the angry echoes. If
ever I should wish for a retreat whither I might steal from
the world and its distractions, and dream quietly away the
remnant of a troubled life, I know of none more promising
than this little valley.
From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar
character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the
original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been
known by the name of SLEEPY HOLLOW, and its rustic
lads are called the Sleepy Hollow Boys throughout all the
neighboring country. A drowsy, dreamy influence seems
to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.
Some say that the place was bewitched by a High German
doctor, during the early days of the settlement; others, that
an old Indian chief, the prophet or wizard of his tribe, held
his powwows there before the country was discovered by
Master Hendrick Hudson. Certain it is, the place still con-
tinues under the sway of some witching power, that holds
a spell over the minds of the good people, causing them to
walk in a continual reverie. They are given to all kinds of
marvelous beliefs; are subject to trances and visions, and
frequently see strange sights, and hear music and voices in
the air. The whole neighborhood abounds with local tales,
haunted spots, and twilight superstitions; stars shoot and
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meteors glare oftener across the valley than in any other part
of the country, and the nightmare, with her whole ninefold,
seems to make it the favorite scene of her gambols.
The dominant spirit, however, that haunts this enchant-
ed region, and seems to be commander-in-chief of all the
powers of the air, is the apparition of a figure on horse-
back, without a head. It is said by some to be the ghost of
a Hessian trooper, whose head had been carried away by
a cannon-ball, in some nameless battle during the Revolu-
tionary War, and who is ever and anon seen by the country
folk hurrying along in the gloom of night, as if on the wings
of the wind. His haunts are not confined to the valley, but
extend at times to the adjacent roads, and especially to the
vicinity of a church at no great distance. Indeed, certain
of the most authentic historians of those parts, who have
been careful in collecting and collating the floating facts
concerning this spectre, allege that the body of the trooper
having been buried in the churchyard, the ghost rides forth
to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head, and that
the rushing speed with which he sometimes passes along
the Hollow, like a midnight blast, is owing to his being be-
lated, and in a hurry to get back to the churchyard before
daybreak.
Such is the general purport of this legendary supersti-
tion, which has furnished materials for many a wild story in
that region of shadows; and the spectre is known at all the
country firesides, by the name of the Headless Horseman of
Sleepy Hollow.
It is remarkable that the visionary propensity I have

mentioned is not confined to the native inhabitants of the
valley, but is unconsciously imbibed by every one who re-
sides there for a time. However wide awake they may have
been before they entered that sleepy region, they are sure,
in a little time, to inhale the witching influence of the air,
and begin to grow imaginative, to dream dreams, and see
apparitions.
I mention this peaceful spot with all possible laud for it
is in such little retired Dutch valleys, found here and there
embosomed in the great State of New York, that popula-
tion, manners, and customs remain fixed, while the great
torrent of migration and improvement, which is making
such incessant changes in other parts of this restless coun-
try, sweeps by them unobserved. They are like those little
nooks of still water, which border a rapid stream, where
we may see the straw and bubble riding quietly at anchor,
or slowly revolving in their mimic harbor, undisturbed by
the rush of the passing current. Though many years have
elapsed since I trod the drowsy shades of Sleepy Hollow, yet
I question whether I should not still find the same trees and
the same families vegetating in its sheltered bosom.
In this by-place of nature there abode, in a remote pe-
riod of American history, that is to say, some thirty years
since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane, who
sojourned, or, as he expressed it, ‘tarried,’ in Sleepy Hollow,
for the purpose of instructing the children of the vicinity.
He was a native of Connecticut, a State which supplies the
Union with pioneers for the mind as well as for the forest,
and sends forth yearly its legions of frontier woodmen and

country schoolmasters. The cognomen of Crane was not in-
applicable to his person. He was tall, but exceedingly lank,
with narrow shoulders, long arms and legs, hands that dan-
gled a mile out of his sleeves, feet that might have served for
shovels, and his whole frame most loosely hung together.
His head was small, and flat at top, with huge ears, large
green glassy eyes, and a long snipe nose, so that it looked
like a weather-cock perched upon his spindle neck to tell
which way the wind blew. To see him striding along the pro-
file of a hill on a windy day, with his clothes bagging and
fluttering about him, one might have mistaken him for the
genius of famine descending upon the earth, or some scare-
crow eloped from a cornfield.
His schoolhouse was a low building of one large room,
rudely constructed of logs; the windows partly glazed, and
partly patched with leaves of old copybooks. It was most in-
geniously secured at vacant hours, by a *withe twisted in the
handle of the door, and stakes set against the window shut-
ters; so that though a thief might get in with perfect ease, he
would find some embarrassment in getting out, —an idea
most probably borrowed by the architect, Yost Van Houten,
from the mystery of an eelpot. The schoolhouse stood in
a rather lonely but pleasant situation, just at the foot of a
woody hill, with a brook running close by, and a formidable
birch-tree growing at one end of it. From hence the low mur-
mur of his pupils’ voices, conning over their lessons, might
be heard in a drowsy summer’s day, like the hum of a bee-
hive; interrupted now and then by the authoritative voice
of the master, in the tone of menace or command, or, per-

adventure, by the appalling sound of the birch, as he urged
some tardy loiterer along the flowery path of knowledge.
Truth to say, he was a conscientious man, and ever bore in
mind the golden maxim, ‘Spare the rod and spoil the child.’
Ichabod Crane’s scholars certainly were not spoiled.
I would not have it imagined, however, that he was one of
those cruel potentates of the school who joy in the smart of
their subjects; on the contrary, he administered justice with
discrimination rather than severity; taking the burden off
the backs of the weak, and laying it on those of the strong.
Your mere puny stripling, that winced at the least flourish
of the rod, was passed by with indulgence; but the claims
of justice were satisfied by inflicting a double portion on
some little tough wrong headed, broad-skirted Dutch ur-
chin, who sulked and swelled and grew dogged and sullen
beneath the birch. All this he called ‘doing his duty by their
parents;’ and he never inflicted a chastisement without fol-
lowing it by the assurance, so consolatory to the smarting
urchin, that ‘he would remember it and thank him for it the
longest day he had to live.’
When school hours were over, he was even the com-
panion and playmate of the larger boys; and on holiday
afternoons would convoy some of the smaller ones home,
who happened to have pretty sisters, or good housewives for
mothers, noted for the comforts of the cupboard. Indeed, it
behooved him to keep on good terms with his pupils. The
revenue arising from his school was small, and would have
been scarcely sufficient to furnish him with daily bread, for
he was a huge feeder, and, though lank, had the dilating

powers of an anaconda; but to help out his maintenance, he
was, according to country custom in those parts, boarded
and lodged at the houses of the farmers whose children
he instructed. With these he lived successively a week at a
time, thus going the rounds of the neighborhood, with all
his worldly effects tied up in a cotton handkerchief.
That all this might not be too onerous on the purses of
his rustic patrons, who are apt to considered the costs of
schooling a grievous burden, and schoolmasters as mere
drones he had various ways of rendering himself both use-
ful and agreeable. He assisted the farmers occasionally in
the lighter labors of their farms, helped to make hay, mend-
ed the fences, took the horses to water, drove the cows from
pasture, and cut wood for the winter fire. He laid aside, too,
all the dominant dignity and absolute sway with which he
lorded it in his little empire, the school, and became won-
derfully gentle and ingratiating. He found favor in the eyes
of the mothers by petting the children, particularly the
youngest; and like the lion bold, which whilom so magnan-
imously the lamb did hold, he would sit with a child on one
knee, and rock a cradle with his foot for whole hours to-
gether.
In addition to his other vocations, he was the singing-
master of the neighborhood, and picked up many bright
shillings by instructing the young folks in psalmody. It was
a matter of no little vanity to him on Sundays, to take his
station in front of the church gallery, with a band of cho-
sen singers; where, in his own mind, he completely carried
away the palm from the parson. Certain it is, his voice

resounded far above all the rest of the congregation; and
there are peculiar quavers still to be heard in that church,
and which may even be heard half a mile off, quite to the
opposite side of the mill-pond, on a still Sunday morning,
which are said to be legitimately descended from the nose of
Ichabod Crane. Thus, by divers little makeshifts, in that in-
genious way which is commonly denominated ‘by hook and
by crook,’ the worthy pedagogue got on tolerably enough,
and was thought, by all who understood nothing of the la-
bor of headwork, to have a wonderfully easy life of it.
The schoolmaster is generally a man of some importance
in the female circle of a rural neighborhood; being con-
sidered a kind of idle, gentlemanlike personage, of vastly
superior taste and accomplishments to the rough country
swains, and, indeed, inferior in learning only to the parson.
His appearance, therefore, is apt to occasion some little stir
at the tea-table of a farmhouse, and the addition of a su-
pernumerary dish of cakes or sweetmeats, or, peradventure,
the parade of a silver teapot. Our man of letters, therefore,
was peculiarly happy in the smiles of all the country dam-
sels. How he would figure among them in the churchyard,
between services on Sundays; gathering grapes for them
from the wild vines that overran the surrounding trees;
reciting for their amusement all the epitaphs on the tomb-
stones; or sauntering, with a whole bevy of them, along the
banks of the adjacent mill-pond; while the more bashful
country bumpkins hung sheepishly back, envying his supe-
rior elegance and address.
From his half-itinerant life, also, he was a kind of travel-

ing gazette, carrying the whole budget of local gossip from
house to house, so that his appearance was always greeted
with satisfaction. He was, moreover, esteemed by the wom-
en as a man of great erudition, for he had read several books
quite through, and was a perfect master of Cotton Mather’s
‘History of New England Witchcraft,’ in which, by the way,
he most firmly and potently believed.
He was, in fact, an odd mixture of small shrewdness and
simple credulity. His appetite for the marvelous, and his
powers of digesting it, were equally extraordinary; and both
had been increased by his residence in this spell-bound re-
gion. No tale was too gross or monstrous for his capacious
swallow. It was often his delight, after his school was dis-
missed in the afternoon, to stretch himself on the rich bed
of clover bordering the little brook that whimpered by his
school-house, and there con over old Mather’s direful tales,
until the gathering dusk of evening made the printed page
a mere mist before his eyes. Then, as he wended his way
by swamp and stream and awful woodland, to the farm-
house where he happened to be quartered, every sound of
nature, at that witching hour, fluttered his excited imagina-
tion, —the moan of the whip-poor-will from the hillside,
the boding cry of the tree toad, that harbinger of storm, the
dreary hooting of the screech owl, to the sudden rustling
in the thicket of birds frightened from their roost. The fire-
flies, too, which sparkled most vividly in the darkest places,
now and then startled him, as one of uncommon bright-
ness would stream across his path; and if, by chance, a huge
blockhead of a beetle came winging his blundering flight
10 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

against him, the poor varlet was ready to give up the ghost,
with the idea that he was struck with a witch’s token. His
only resource on such occasions, either to drown thought
or drive away evil spirits, was to sing psalm tunes and the
good people of Sleepy Hollow, as they sat by their doors of
an evening, were often filled with awe at hearing his nasal
melody, ‘in linked sweetness long drawn out,’ floating from
the distant hill, or along the dusky road.
Another of his sources of fearful pleasure was to pass
long winter evenings with the old Dutch wives, as they
sat spinning by the fire, with a row of apples roasting and
spluttering along the hearth, and listen to their marvellous
tales of ghosts and goblins, and haunted fields, and haunt-
ed brooks, and haunted bridges, and haunted houses, and
particularly of the headless horseman, or Galloping Hes-
sian of the Hollow, as they sometimes called him. He would
delight them equally by his anecdotes of witchcraft, and of
the direful omens and portentous sights and sounds in the
air, which prevailed in the earlier times of Connecticut; and
would frighten them woefully with speculations upon com-
ets and shooting stars; and with the alarming fact that the
world did absolutely turn round, and that they were half the
time topsy-turvy!
But if there was a pleasure in all this, while snugly cud-
dling in the chimney corner of a chamber that was all of
a ruddy glow from the crackling wood fire, and where, of
course, no spectre dared to show its face, it was dearly pur-
chased by the terrors of his subsequent walk homewards.
What fearful shapes and shadows beset his path, amidst the
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dim and ghastly glare of a snowy night! With what wistful
look did he eye every trembling ray of light streaming across
the waste fields from some distant window! How often was
he appalled by some shrub covered with snow, which, like
a sheeted spectre, beset his very path! How often did he
shrink with curdling awe at the sound of his own steps on
the frosty crust beneath his feet; and dread to look over his
shoulder, lest he should behold some uncouth being tramp-
ing close behind him! and how often was he thrown into
complete dismay by some rushing blast, howling among the
trees, in the idea that it was the Galloping Hessian on one of
his nightly scourings!
All these, however, were mere terrors of the night, phan-
toms of the mind that walk in darkness; and though he had
seen many spectres in his time, and been more than once
beset by Satan in divers shapes, in his lonely perambula-
tions, yet daylight put an end to all these evils; and he would
have passed a pleasant life of it, in despite of the Devil and
all his works, if his path had not been crossed by a being
that causes more perplexity to mortal man than ghosts,
goblins, and the whole race of witches put together, and that
was—a woman.
Among the musical disciples who assembled, one eve-
ning in each week, to receive his instructions in psalmody,
was Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and only child of a
substantial Dutch farmer. She was a booming lass of fresh
eighteen; plump as a partridge; ripe and melting and rosy-
cheeked as one of her father’s peaches, and universally
famed, not merely for her beauty, but her vast expectations.

She was withal a little of a coquette, as might be perceived
even in her dress, which was a mixture of ancient and
modern fashions, as most suited to set of her charms. She
wore the ornaments of pure yellow gold, which her great-
great-grandmother had brought over from Saar dam; the
tempting stomacher of the olden time, and withal a provok-
ingly short petticoat, to display the prettiest foot and ankle
in the country round.
Ichahod Crane had a soft and foolish heart towards the
sex; and it is not to be wondered at, that so tempting a mor-
sel soon found favor in his eyes, more especially after he had
visited her in her paternal mansion. Old Baltus Van Tassel
was a perfect picture of a thriving, contented, liberal-heart-
ed farmer. He seldom, it is true, sent either his eyes or his
thoughts beyond the boundaries of his own farm; but with-
in those everything was snug, happy and well-conditioned.
He was satisfied with his wealth, but not proud of it; and
piqued himself upon the hearty abundance, rather than the
style in which he lived. His stronghold was situated on the
banks of the Hudson, in one of those green, sheltered, fertile
nooks in which the Dutch farmers are so fond of nestling.
A great elm tree spread its broad branches over it, at the
foot of which bubbled up a spring of the softest and sweet-
est water, in a little well formed of a barrel; and then stole
sparkling away through the grass, to a neighboring brook,
that babbled along among alders and dwarf willows. Hard
by the farmhouse was a vast barn, that might have served
for a church; every window and crevice of which seemed
bursting forth with the treasures of the farm; the flail was

busily resounding within it from morning to night; swal-
lows and martins skimmed twittering about the eaves; an
rows of pigeons, some with one eye turned up, as if watch-
ing the weather, some with their heads under their wings
or buried in their bosoms, and others swelling, and cooing,
and bowing about their dames, were enjoying the sunshine
on the roof. Sleek unwieldy porkers were grunting in the
repose and abundance of their pens, from whence sallied
forth, now and then, troops of sucking pigs, as if to snuff
the air. A stately squadron of snowy geese were riding in
an adjoining pond, convoying whole fleets of ducks; regi-
ments of turkeys were gobbling through the farmyard, and
Guinea fowls fretting about it, like ill-tempered housewives,
with their peevish, discontented cry. Before the barn door
strutted the gallant cock, that pattern of a husband, a war-
rior and a fine gentleman, clapping his burnished wings
and crowing in the pride and gladness of his heart, —some-
times tearing up the earth with his feet, and then generously
calling his ever-hungry family of wives and children to en-
joy the rich morsel which he had discovered.
The pedagogue’s mouth watered as he looked upon this
sumptuous promise of luxurious winter fare. In his devour-
ing mind’s eye, he pictured to himself every roasting-pig
running about with a pudding in his belly, and an apple in
his mouth; the pigeons were snugly put to bed in a comfort-
able pie, and tucked in with a coverlet of crust; the geese
were swimming in their own gravy; and the ducks pairing
cosily in dishes, like snug married couples, with a decent
competency of onion sauce. In the porkers he saw carved

out the future sleek side of bacon, and juicy relishing ham;
not a turkey but he beheld daintily trussed up, with its giz-
zard under its wing, and, peradventure, a necklace of savory
sausages; and even bright chanticleer himself lay sprawling
on his back, in a side dish, with uplifted claws, as if crav-
ing that quarter which his chivalrous spirit disdained to ask
while living.
As the enraptured Ichabod fancied all this, and as
he rolled his great green eyes over the fat meadow lands,
the rich fields of wheat, of rye, of buckwheat, and Indian
corn, and the orchards burdened with ruddy fruit, which
surrounded the warm tenement of Van Tassel, his heart
yearned after the damsel who was to inherit these domains,
and his imagination expanded with the idea, how they
might be readily turned into cash, and the money invested
in immense tracts of wild land, and shingle palaces in the
wilderness. Nay, his busy fancy already realized his hopes,
and presented to him the blooming Katrina, with a whole
family of children, mounted on the top of a wagon loaded
with household trumpery, with pots and kettles dangling
beneath; and he beheld himself bestriding a pacing mare,
with a colt at her heels, setting out for Kentucky, Tennessee,
—or the Lord knows where!
When he entered the house, the conquest of his heart
was complete. It was one of those spacious farmhouses,
with high- ridged but lowly sloping roofs, built in the style
handed down from the first Dutch settlers; the low project-
ing eaves forming a piazza along the front, capable of being
closed up in bad weather. Under this were hung flails, har-

ness, various utensils of husbandry, and nets for fishing in
the neighboring river. Benches were built along the sides for
summer use; and a great spinning-wheel at one end, and a
churn at the other, showed the various uses to which this
important porch might be devoted. From this piazza the
wondering Ichabod entered the hall, which formed the cen-
tre of the mansion, and the place of usual residence. Here
rows of resplendent pewter, ranged on a long dresser, daz-
zled his eyes. In one corner stood a huge bag of wool, ready
to be spun; in another, a quantity of linsey-woolsey just from
the loom; ears of Indian corn, and strings of dried apples
and peaches, hung in gay festoons along the walls, mingled
with the gaud of red peppers; and a door left ajar gave him a
peep into the best parlor, where the claw-footed chairs and
dark mahogany tables shone like mirrors; andirons, with
their accompanying shovel and tongs, glistened from their
covert of asparagus tops; mock- oranges and conch - shells
decorated the mantelpiece; strings of various-colored birds
eggs were suspended above it; a great ostrich egg was hung
from the centre of the room, and a corner cupboard, know-
ingly left open, displayed immense treasures of old silver
and well-mended china.
From the moment Ichabod laid his eyes upon these re-
gions of delight, the peace of his mind was at an end, and
his only study was how to gain the affections of the peer-
less daughter of Van Tassel. In this enterprise, however, he
had more real difficulties than generally fell to the lot of a
knight-errant of yore, who seldom had anything but giants,
enchanters, fiery dragons, and such like easily conquered

adversaries, to contend with and had to make his way mere-
ly through gates of iron and brass, and walls of adamant to
the castle keep, where the lady of his heart was confined;
all which he achieved as easily as a man would carve his
way to the centre of a Christmas pie; and then the lady gave
him her hand as a matter of course. Ichabod, on the con-
trary, had to win his way to the heart of a country coquette,
beset with a labyrinth of whims and caprices, which were
forever presenting new difficulties and impediments; and
he had to encounter a host of fearful adversaries of real flesh
and blood, the numerous rustic admirers, who beset every
portal to her heart, keeping a watchful and angry eye upon
each other, but ready to fly out in the common cause against
any new competitor.
Among these, the most formidable was a burly, roaring,
roystering blade, of the name of Abraham, or, according to
the Dutch abbreviation, Brom Van Brunt, the hero of the
country round which rang with his feats of strength and
hardihood. He was broad-shouldered and double-jointed,
with short curly black hair, and a bluff but not unpleasant
countenance, having a mingled air of fun and arrogance
From his Herculean frame and great powers of limb he had
received the nickname of BROM BONES, by which he was
universally known. He was famed for great knowledge and
skill in horsemanship, being as dexterous on horseback as
a Tartar. He was foremost at all races and cock fights; and,
with the ascendancy which bodily strength always acquires
in rustic life, was the umpire in all disputes, setting his
hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and

tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal. He was always
ready for either a fight or a frolic; but had more mischief
than ill-will in his composition; and with all his overbear-
ing roughness, there was a strong dash of waggish good
humor at bottom. He had three or four boon companions,
who regarded him as their model, and at the head of whom
he scoured the country, attending every scene of feud or
merriment for miles round. In cold weather he was distin-
guished by a fur cap, surmounted with a flaunting fox’s tail;
and when the folks at a country gathering descried this well-
known crest at a distance, whisking about among a squad
of hard riders, they always stood by for a squall. Sometimes
his crew would be heard dashing along past the farmhouses
at midnight, with whoop and halloo, like a troop of Don
Cossacks; and the old dames, startled out of their sleep,
would listen for a moment till the hurry-scurry had clat-
tered by, and then exclaim, ‘Ay, there goes Brom Bones and
his gang!’ The neighbors looked upon him with a mixture
of awe, admiration, and good-will; and, when any madcap
prank or rustic brawl occurred in the vicinity, always shook
their heads, and warranted Brom Bones was at the bottom
of it.
This rantipole hero had for some time singled out the
blooming Katrina for the object of his uncouth gallant-
ries, and though his amorous toyings were something
like the gentle caresses and endearments ofa bear, yet it
was whispered that she did not altogether discourage his
hopes. Certain it is, his advances were signals for rival can-
didates to retire, who felt no inclination to cross a lion in

his amours; insomuch, that when his horse was seen tied to
Van Tassel’s paling, on a Sunday night, a sure sign that his
master was courting, or, as it is termed, ‘ sparking,’ within,
all other suitors passed by in despair, and carried the war
into other quarters.
Such was the formidable rival with whom Ichabod
Crane had to contend, and, considering, all things, a stout-
er man than he would have shrunk from the competition,
and a wiser man would have despaired. He had, however,
a happy mixture of pliability and perseverance in his na-
ture; he was in form and spirit like a supple-jackÄyielding,
but tough; though he bent, he never broke; and though he
bowed beneath the slightest pressure, yet, the moment it
was away—jerk!—he was as erect, and carried his head as
high as ever.
To have taken the field openly against his rival would
have been madness; for he was not a man to be thwarted
in his amours, any more than that stormy lover, Achilles.
Ichabod, therefore, made his advances in a quiet and gently
insinuating manner. Under cover of his character of sing-
ing-master, he made frequent visits at the farmhouse; not
that he had anything to apprehend from the meddlesome
interference of parents, which is so often a stumbling-block
in the path of lovers. Balt Van Tassel was an easy indul-
gent soul; he loved his daughter better even than his pipe,
and, like a reasonable man and an excellent father, let her
have her way in everything. His notable little wife, too, had
enough to do to attend to her housekeeping and manage
her poultry; for, as she sagely observed, ducks and geese

are foolish things, and must be looked after, but girls can
take care of themselves. Thus, while the busy dame bustled
about the house, or plied her spinning-wheel at one end of
the piazza, honest Balt would sit smoking his evening pipe
at the other, watching the achievements of a little wooden
warrior, who, armed with a sword in each hand, was most
valiantly fighting the wind on the pinnacle of the barn. In
the mean time, Ichabod would carry on his suit with the
daughter by the side of the spring under the great elm, or
sauntering along in the twilight, that hour so favorable to
the lover’s eloquence.
I profess not to know how women’s hearts are wooed and
won. To me they have always been matters of riddle and ad-
miration. Some seem to have but one vulnerable point, or
door of access; while others have a thousand avenues, and
may be captured in a thousand different ways. It is a great
triumph of skill to gain the former, but a still greater proof
of generalship to maintain possession of the latter, for man
must battle for his fortress at every door and window. He
who wins a thousand common hearts is therefore entitled
to some renown; but he who keeps undisputed sway over
the heart of a coquette is indeed a hero. Certain it is, this
was not the case with the redoubtable Brom Bones; and
from the moment Ichabod Crane made his advances, the
interests of the former evidently declined: his horse was
no longer seen tied to the palings on Sunday nights, and a
deadly feud gradually arose between him and the preceptor
of Sleepy Hollow.
Brom, who had a degree of rough chivalry in his nature,

would fain have carried matters to open warfare and have
settled their pretensions to the lady, according to the mode
of those most concise and simple reasoners, the knights-
errant of yore, — by single combat; but lchabod was too
conscious of the superior might of his adversary to enter the
lists against him; he had overheard a boast of Bones, that
he would ‘double the schoolmaster up, and lay him on a
shelf of his own schoolhouse;’ and he was too wary to give
him an opportunity. There was something extremely pro-
voking, in this obstinately pacific system; it left Brom no
alternative but to draw upon the funds of rustic waggery in
his disposition, and to play off boorish practical jokes upon
his rival. Ichabod became the object of whimsical persecu-
tion to Bones and his gang of rough riders. They harried his
hitherto peaceful domains, smoked out his singing- school
by stopping up the chimney, broke into the schoolhouse
at night, in spite of its formidable fastenings of withe and
window stakes, and turned everything topsy-turvy, so that
the poor schoolmaster began to think all the witches in the
country held their meetings there. But what was still more
annoying, Brom took all Opportunities of turning him into
ridicule in presence of his mistress, and had a scoundrel
dog whom he taught to whine in the most ludicrous man-
ner, and introduced as a rival of Ichabod’s, to instruct her
in psalmody.
In this way matters went on for some time, without pro-
ducing any material effect on the relative situations of the
contending powers. On a fine autumnal afternoon, Icha-
bod, in pensive mood, sat enthroned on the lofty stool from

whence he usually watched all the concerns of his little lit-
erary realm. In his hand he swayed a ferule, that sceptre of
despotic power; the birch of justice reposed on three nails
behind the throne, a constant terror to evil doers, while on
the desk before him might be seen sundry contraband ar-
ticles and prohibited weapons, detected upon the persons of
idle urchins, such as half-munched apples, popguns, whirl-
igigs, fly-cages, and whole legions of rampant little paper
game-cocks. Apparently there had been some appalling act
of justice recently inflicted, for his scholars were all busily
intent upon their books, or slyly whispering behind them
with one eye kept upon the master; and a kind of buzzing
stillness reigned throughout the schoolroom. It was sud-
denly interrupted by the appearance of a negro in tow-cloth
jacket and trowsers. a round-crowned fragment of a hat, like
the cap of Mercury, and mounted on the back of a ragged,
wild, half-broken colt, which he managed with a rope by
way of halter. He came clattering up to the school-door
with an invitation to Ichabod to attend a merry - making
or ‘quilting-frolic,’ to be held that evening at Mynheer Van
Tassel’s; and having, delivered his message with that air of
importance and effort at fine language which a negro is apt
to display on petty embassies of the kind, he dashed over
the brook, and was seen scampering, away up the Hollow,
full of the importance and hurry of his mission.
All was now bustle and hubbub in the late quiet school-
room. The scholars were hurried through their lessons
without stopping at trifles; those who were nimble skipped
over half with impunity, and those who were tardy had a

smart application now and then in the rear, to quicken their
speed or help them over a tall word. Books were flung aside
without being put away on the shelves, inkstands were over-
turned, benches thrown down, and the whole school was
turned loose an hour before the usual time, bursting forth
like a legion of young imps, yelping and racketing about the
green in joy at their early emancipation.
The gallant Ichabod now spent at least an extra half hour
at his toilet, brushing and furbishing up his best, and indeed
only suit of rusty black, and arranging his locks by a bit of
broken looking-glass that hung up in the schoolhouse. That
he might make his appearance before his mistress in the
true style of a cavalier, he borrowed a horse from the farmer
with whom he was domiciliated, a choleric old Dutchman
of the name of Hans Van Ripper, and, thus gallantly mount-
ed, issued forth like a knight- errant in quest of adventures.
But it is meet I should, in the true spirit of romantic story,
give some account of the looks and equipments of my hero
and his steed. The animal he bestrode was a broken-down
plow-horse, that had outlived almost everything but its vi-
ciousness. He was gaunt and shagged, with a ewe neck, and
a head like a hammer; his rusty mane and tail were tangled
and knotted with burs; one eye had lost its pupil, and was
glaring and spectral, but the other had the gleam of a genu-
ine devil in it. Still he must have had fire and mettle in his
day, if we may judge from the name he bore of Gunpowder.
He had, in fact, been a favorite steed of his master’s, the cho-
leric Van Ripper, who was a furious rider, and had infused,
very probably, some of his own spirit into the animal; for,

old and broken-down as he looked, there was more of the
lurking devil in him than in any young filly in the country.
Ichabod was a suitable figure for such a steed . He rode
with short stirrups, which brought his knees nearly up to
the pommel of the saddle; his sharp elbows stuck out like
grasshoppers’; he carried his whip perpendicularly in his
hand, like a sceptre, and as his horse jogged on, the motion
of his arms was not unlike the flapping of a pair of wings. A
small wool hat rested on the top of his nose, for so his scanty
strip of forehead might be called, and the skirts of his black
coat fluttered out almost to the horses tail. Such was the ap-
pearance of Ichabod and his steed as they shambled out of
the gate of Hans Van Ripper, and it was altogether such an
apparition as is seldom to be met with in broad daylight.
It was, as I have said, a fine autumnal day; the sky was
clear and serene, and nature wore that rich and golden livery
which we always associate with the idea of abundance. The
forests had put on their sober brown and yellow, while some
trees of the tenderer kind had been nipped by the frosts into
brilliant dyes of orange, purple, and scarlet. Streaming files
of wild ducks began to make their appearance high in the
air; the bark of the squirrel might be heard from the groves
of beech and hickory- nuts, and the pensive whistle of the
quail at intervals from the neighboring stubble field.
The small birds were taking their farewell banquets. In
the fullness of their revelry, they fluttered, chirping and
frolicking from bush to bush, and tree to tree, capricious
from the very profusion and variety around them. There
was the honest cockrobin, the favorite game of stripling

sportsmen, with its loud querulous note; and the twittering
blackbirds flying in sable clouds, and the golden- winged
woodpecker with his crimson crest, his broad black gor-
get, and splendid plumage; and the cedar-bird, with its red
tipt wings and yellow-tipt tail and its little monteiro cap of
feathers; and the blue jay, that noisy coxcomb, in his gay
light blue coat and white underclothes, screaming and chat-
tering, nodding and bobbing and bowing, and pretending
to be on good terms with every songster of the grove.
As Ichabod jogged slowly on his way, his eye, ever open
to every symptom of culinary abundance, ranged with de-
light over the treasures of jolly autumn. On all sides he
beheld vast store of apples: some hanging in oppressive op-
ulence on the trees; some gathered into baskets and barrels
for the market; others heaped up in rich piles for the ci-
der-press. Farther on he beheld great fields of Indian corn,
with its golden ears peeping from their leafy coverts, and
holding out the promise of cakes and hasty- pudding; and
the yellow pumpkins lying beneath them, turning up their
fair round bellies to the sun, and giving ample prospects of
the most luxurious of pies; and anon he passed the fragrant
buckwheat fields breathing the odor of the beehive, and as
he beheld them, soft anticipations stole over his mind of
dainty slap-jacks, well buttered, and garnished with hon-
ey or treacle, by the delicate little dimpled hand of Katrina
Van Tassel.
Thus feeding his mind with many sweet thoughts and
‘sugared suppositions,’ he journeyed along the sides of a
range of hills which look out upon some of the goodliest

scenes of the mighty Hudson. The sun gradually wheeled
his broad disk down in the west. The wide bosom of the
Tappan Zee lay motionless and glassy, excepting that here
and there a gentle undulation waved and prolonged the
blue shallow of the distant mountain. A few amber clouds
floated in the sky, without a breath of air to move them. The
horizon was of a fine golden tint, changing gradually into
a pure apple green, and from that into the deep blue of the
mid- heaven. A slanting ray lingered on the woody crests
of the precipices that overhung some parts of the river, giv-
ing greater depth to the dark gray and purple of their rocky
sides. A sloop was loitering in the distance, dropping slowly
down with the tide, her sail hanging uselessly against the
mast; and as the reflection of the sky gleamed along the still
water, it seemed as if the vessel was suspended in the air.
It was toward evening that Ichabod arrived at the cas-
tle of the Heer Van Tassel, which he found thronged with
the pride and flower of the adjacent country Old farmers, a
spare leathern- faced race, in homespun coats and breeches,
blue stockings, huge shoes, and magnificent pewter buck-
les. Their brisk, withered little dames, in close crimped caps,
long waisted short-gowns, homespun petticoats, with scis-
sors and pin-cushions, and gay calico pockets hanging on
the outside. Buxom lasses, almost as antiquated as their
mothers, excepting where a straw hat, a fine ribbon, or per-
haps a white frock, gave symptoms of city innovation. The
sons, in short square-skirted coats, with rows of stupendous
brass buttons, and their hair generally queued in the fash-
ion of the times, especially if they could procure an eelskin

for the purpose, it being esteemed throughout the country
as a potent nourisher and strengthener of the hair.
Brom Bones, however, was the hero of the scene, hav-
ing come to the gathering on his favorite steed Daredevil,
a creature, like himself, full of mettle and mischief, and
which no one but himself could manage. He was, in fact,
noted for preferring vicious animals, given to all kinds of
tricks which kept the rider in constant risk of his neck, for
he held a tractable, wellbroken horse as unworthy of a lad
of spirit.
Fain would I pause to dwell upon the world of charms
that burst upon the enraptured gaze of my hero, as he en-
tered the state parlor of Van Tassel’s mansion. Not those of
the bevy of buxom lasses, with their luxurious display of
red and white; but the ample charms of a genuine Dutch
country tea-table, in the sumptuous time of autumn. Such
heaped up platters of cakes of various and almost indescrib-
able kinds, known only to experienced Dutch housewives!
There was the doughty doughnut, the tender olykoek, and
the crisp and crumbling cruller; sweet cakes and short
cakes, ginger cakes and honey cakes, and the whole fam-
ily of cakes. And then there were apple pies, and peach pies,
and pumpkin pies; besides slices of ham and smoked beef;
and moreover delectable dishes of preserved plums, and
peaches, and pears, and quinces; not to mention broiled
shad and roasted chickens; together with bowls of milk and
cream, all mingled higgledy- pigglely, pretty much as I have
enumerated them, with the motherly teapot sending up its
clouds of vapor from the midst— Heaven bless the mark! I

want breath and time to discuss this banquet as it deserves,
and am too eager to get on with my story. Happily, Ichabod
Crane was not in so great a hurry as his historian, but did
ample justice to every dainty.
He was a kind and thankful creature, whose heart dilat-
ed in proportion as his skin was filled with good cheer, and
whose spirits rose with eating, as some men’s do with drink.
He could not help, too, rolling his large eyes round him as
he ate, and chuckling with the possibility that he might one
day be lord of all this scene of almost unimaginable luxury
and splendor. Then, he thought, how soon he ‘d turn his
back upon the old schoolhouse; snap his fingers in the face
of Hans Van Ripper, and every other niggardly patron, and
kick any itinerant pedagogue out of doors that should dare
to call him comrade!
Old Baltus Van Tassel moved about among his guests
with a face dilated with content and goodhumor, round and
jolly as the harvest moon. His hospitable attentions were
brief, but expressive, being confined to a shake of the hand,
a slap on the shoulder, a loud laugh, and a pressing invita-
tion to ‘fall to, and help themselves.’
And now the sound of the music from the common room,
or hall, summoned to the dance. The musician was an old
gray-headed negro, who had been the itinerant orchestra of
the neighborhood for more than half a century. His instru-
ment was as old and battered as himself. The greater part
of the time he scraped on two or three strings, accompany-
ing every movement of the bow with a motion of the head;
bowing almost to the ground, and stamping with his foot

whenever a fresh couple were to start.
Ichabod prided himself upon his dancing as much as
upon his vocal powers. Not a limb, not a fibre about him was
idle; and to have seen his loosely hung frame in full motion,
and clattering about the room, you would have thought St.
Vitus himself, that blessed patron of the dance, was figur-
ing before you in person. He was the admiration of all the
negroes; who, having gathered, of all ages and sizes, from
the farm and the neighborhood, stood forming a pyramid
of shining black faces at every door and window; gazing
with delight at the scene; rolling their white eye-balls, and
showing grinning rows of ivory from ear to ear. How could
the flogger of urchins be otherwise than animated and
joyous? the lady of his heart was his partner in the dance,
and smiling graciously in reply to all his amorous oglings;
while Brom Bones, sorely smitten with love and jealousy, sat
brooding by himself in one corner.
When the dance was at an end, Ichabod was attracted
to a knot of the sager folks, who, with Old V an Tassel, sat
smoking at one end of the piazza, gossiping over former
times, and drawing out long stories about the war. This
neighborhood, at the time of which I am speaking, was one
of those highly favored places which abound with chroni-
cle and great men. The British and American line had run
near it during the war; it had, therefore], been the scene of
marauding and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all
kinds of border chivalry. Just sufficient time had elapsed to
enable each story-teller to dress up his tale with a little be-
coming fiction, and, in the indistinctness of his recollection,

to make himself the hero of every exploit.
There was the story of Doffue Martling, a large blue-
bearded Dutchman, who had nearly taken a British frigate
with an old iron nine-pounder from a mud breastwork, only
that his gun burst at the sixth discharge. And there was an
old gentleman who shall be nameless, being too rich a myn-
heer to be lightly mentioned, who, in the battle of White
Plains, being an excellent master of defence, parried a mus-
ket-ball with a small-sword, insomuch that he absolutely
felt it whiz round the blade, and glance off at the hilt; in
proof of which he was ready at any time to show the sword,
with the hilt a little bent. There were several more that had
been equally great in the field, not one of whom but was
persuaded that he had a considerable hand in bringing the
war to a happy termination.
But all these were nothing to the tales of ghosts and
apparitions that succeeded. The neighborhood is rich in
legendary treasures of the kind. Local tales and supersti-
tions thrive best in these sheltered, long settled retreats; but
are trampled under foot by the shifting throng that forms
the population of most of our country places. Besides, there
is no encouragement for ghosts in most of our villages, for
they have scarcely had time to finish their first nap and turn
themselves in their graves, before their surviving friends
have travelled away from the neighborhood; so that when
they turn out at night to walk their rounds, they have no ac-
quaintance left to call upon. This is perhaps the reason why
we so seldom hear of ghosts except in our long-established
Dutch communities.

The immediate cause, however, of the prevalence of su-
pernatural stories in these parts, was doubtless owing to the
vicinity of Sleepy Hollow. There was a contagion in the very
air that blew from that haunted region; it breathed forth
an atmosphere of dreams and fancies infecting all the land.
Several of the Sleepy Hollow people were present at Van
Tassel’s, and, as usual, were doling out their wild and won-
derful legends. Many dismal tales were told about funeral
trains, and mourning cries and wailings heard and seen
about the great tree where the unfortunate Major Andre was
taken, and which stood in the neighborhood. Some men-
tion was made also of the woman in white, that haunted the
dark glen at Raven Rock, and was often heard to shriek on
winter nights before a storm, having perished there in the
snow. The chief part of the stories, however, turned upon
the favorite spectre of Sleepy Hollow, the Headless Horse-
man, who had been heard several times of late, patrolling
the country; and, it was said, tethered his horse nightly
among the graves in the churchyard.
The sequestered situation of this church seems always to
have made it a favorite haunt of troubled spirits. It stands
on a knoll, surrounded by locust, trees and lofty elms, from
among which its decent, whitewashed walls shine modestly
forth, like Christian purity beaming through the shades of
retirement. A gentle slope descends from it to a silver sheet
of water, bordered by high trees, between which, peeps may
be caught at the blue hills of the Hudson. To look upon its
grass-grown yard, where the sunbeams seem to sleep so
quietly, one would think that there at least the dead might

rest in peace. On one side of the church extends a wide
woody dell, along which raves a large brook among broken
rocks and trunks of fallen trees. Over a deep black part of
the stream, not far from the church, was formerly thrown
a wooden bridge; the road that led to it, and the bridge it-
self, were thickly shaded by overhanging trees, which cast a
gloom about it, even in the daytime; but occasioned a fear-
ful darkness at night. Such was one of the favorite haunts of
the Headless Horseman, and the place where he was most
frequently encountered. The tale was told of old Brouwer, a
most heretical disbeliever in ghosts, how he met the Horse-
man returning from his foray into Sleepy Hollow, and was
obliged to get up behind him; how they galloped over bush
and brake, over hill and swamp, until they reached the
bridge; when the Horseman suddenly turned into a skel-
eton, threw old Brouwer into the brook, and sprang away
over the tree-tops with a clap of thunder.
This story was immediately matched by a thrice mar-
vellous adventure of Brom Bones, who made light of the
Galloping Hessian as an arrant jockey. He affirmed that on
returning one night from the neighboring village of Sing
Sing, he had been overtaken by this midnight trooper; that
he had offered to race with him for a bowl of punch, and
should have won it too, for Daredevil beat the goblin horse
all hollow, but just as they came to the church bridge, the
Hessian bolted, and vanished in a flash of fire.
All these tales, told in that drowsy undertone with which
men talk in the dark, the countenances of the listeners only
now and then receiving a casual gleam from the glare of a

pipe, sank deep in the mind of Ichabod. He repaid them in
kind with large extracts from his invaluable author, Cot-
ton Mather, and added many marvellous events that had
taken place in his native State of Connecticut, and fearful
sights which he had seen in his nightly walks about Sleepy
Hollow.
The revel now gradually broke up. The old farmers gath-
ered together their families in their wagons, and were heard
for some time rattling along the hollow roads, and over the
distant hills. Some of the damsels mounted on pillions be-
hind their favorite swains, and their light-hearted laughter,
mingling with the clatter of hoofs, echoed along the silent
woodlands, sounding fainter and fainter, until they grad-
ually died away, —and the late scene of noise and frolic
was all silent and deserted. Ichabod only lingered behind,
according to the custom of country lovers, to have a tete-a-
tete with the heiress; fully convinced that he was now on
the high road to success. What passed at this interview I
will not pretend to say, for in fact I do not know. Something,
however, I fear me, must have gone wrong, for he certainly
sallied forth, after no very great interval, with an air quite
desolate and chapfallen. Oh, these women! these women!
Could that girl have been playing off any of her coquett-
ish tricks? Was her encouragement of the poor pedagogue
all a mere sham to secure her conquest of his rival? Heaven
only knows, not I! Let it suffice to say, Ichabod stole forth
with the air of one who had been sacking a henroost, rather
than a fair lady’s heart. Without looking to the right or left
to notice the scene of rural wealth, on which he had so of-

ten gloated, he went straight to the stable, and with several
hearty cuffs and kicks roused his steed most uncourteous-
ly from the comfortable quarters in which he was soundly
sleeping, dreaming of mountains of corn and oats, and
whole valleys of timothy and clover.
It was the very witching time of night that Ichabod,
heavy hearted and crest-fallen, pursued his travels home-
wards, along the sides of the lofty hills which rise above
Tarry Town, and which he had traversed so cheerily in the
afternoon. The hour was as dismal as himself. Far below
him the Tappan Zee spread its dusky and indistinct waste
of waters, with here and there the tall mast of a sloop, riding
quietly at anchor under the land. In the dead hush of mid-
night, he could even hear the barking of the watchdog from
the opposite shore of the Hudson; but it was so vague and
faint as only to give an idea of his distance from this faith-
ful companion of man. Now and then, too, the long-drawn
crowing of a cock, accidentally awakened, would sound far,
far off, from some farmhouse away among the hills—but
it was like a dreaming sound in his ear. No signs of life oc-
curred near him, but occasionally the melancholy chirp of a
cricket, or perhaps the guttural twang of a bull-frog from a
neighboring marsh, as if sleeping uncomfortably and turn-
ing suddenly in his bed.
All the stories of ghosts and goblins that he had heard
in the afternoon now came crowding upon his recollection.
The night grew darker and darker; the stars seemed to sink
deeper in the sky, and driving clouds occasionally hid them
from his sight. He had never felt so lonely and dismal. He

was, moreover, approaching the very place where many of
the scenes of the ghost stories had been laid. In the centre
of the road stood an enormous tulip-tree, which towered
like a giant above all the other trees of the neighborhood,
and formed a kind of landmark. Its limbs were gnarled and
fantastic, large enough to form trunks for ordinary trees,
twisting down almost to the earth, and rising again into
the air. It was connected with the tragical story of the un-
fortunate Andre, who had been taken prisoner hard by; and
was universally known by the name of Major Andre’s tree.
The common people regarded it with a mixture of respect
and superstition, partly out of sympathy for the fate of its
ill- starred namesake, and partly from the tales of strange
sights, and doleful lamentations, told concerning it.
As Ichabod approached this fearful tree, he began to
whistle; he thought his whistle was answered; it was but a
blast sweeping sharply through the dry branches. As he ap-
proached a little nearer, he thought he saw something white,
hanging in the midst of the tree: he paused, and ceased
whistling but, on looking more narrowly, perceived that it
was a place where the tree had been scathed by lightning,
and the white wood laid bare. Suddenly he heard a groan—
his teeth chattered, and his knees smote against the saddle:
it was but the rubbing of one huge bough upon another, as
they were swayed about by the breeze. He passed the tree in
safety, but new perils lay before him.
About two hundred yards from the tree, a small brook
crossed the road, and ran into a marshy and thickly-wood-
ed glen, known by the name of Wiley’s Swamp. A few

rough logs, laid side by side, served for a bridge over this
stream. On that side of the road where the brook entered
the wood, a group of oaks and chestnuts, matted thick with
wild grape-vines, threw a cavernous gloom over it. To pass
this bridge was the severest trial. It was at this identical spot
that the unfortunate Andre was captured, and under the
covert of those chestnuts and vines were the sturdy yeomen
concealed who surprised him. This has ever since been con-
sidered a haunted stream, and fearful are the feelings of the
school-boy who has to pass it alone after dark.
As he approached the stream, his heart began to thump
he summoned up, however, all his resolution, gave his
horse half a score of kicks in the ribs, and attempted to dash
briskly across the bridge; but instead of starting forward,
the perverse old animal made a lateral movement, and ran
broadside against the fence. Ichabod, whose fears increased
with the delay, jerked the reins on the other side, and kicked
lustily with the contrary foot: it was all in vain; his steed
started, it is true, but it was only to plunge to the opposite
side of the road into a thicket of brambles and alder-bushes.
The schoolmaster now bestowed both whip and heel upon
the starveling ribs of old Gunpowder, who dashed forward,
snuffling and snorting, but came to a stand just by the bridge,
with a suddenness that had nearly sent his rider sprawling
over his head. Just at this moment a plashy tramp by the
side of the bridge caught the sensitive ear of Ichabod. In the
dark shadow of the grove, on the margin of the brook, he
beheld something huge, misshapen and towering. It stirred
not, but seemed gathered up in the gloom, like some gigan-

tic monster ready to spring upon the traveller.
The hair of the affrighted pedagogue rose upon his head
with terror. What was to be done? To turn and fly was now
too late; and besides, what chance was there of escaping
ghost or goblin, if such it was, which could ride upon the
wings of the wind? Summoning up, therefore, a show of
courage, he demanded in stammering accents, ‘ Who are
you?’ He received no reply. He repeated his demand in a
still more agitated voice. Still there was no answer. Once
more he cudgelled the sides of the inflexible Gunpowder,
and, shutting his eyes, broke forth with involuntary fervor
into a psalm tune. Just then the shadowy object of alarm
put itself in motion, and with a scramble and a bound stood
at once in the middle of the road. Though the night was
dark and dismal, yet the form of the unknown might now
in some degree be ascertained. He appeared to be a horse-
man of large dimensions, and mounted on a black horse of
powerful frame. He made no offer of molestation or socia-
bility, but kept aloof on one side of the road, jogging along
on the blind side of old Gunpowder, who had now got over
his fright and waywardness.
Ichabod, who had no relish for this strange midnight
companion, and bethought himself of the adventure of
Brom Bones with the Galloping Hessian, now quickened
his steed in hopes of leaving him behind. The stranger,
however, quickened his horse to an equal pace. Ichabod
pulled up, and fell into a walk, thinking to lag behind, —
the other did the same. His heart began to sink within him;
he endeavored to resume his psalm tune, but his parched

tongue clove to the roof of his mouth, and he could not ut-
ter a stave. There was something in the moody and dogged
silence of this pertinacious companion that was mysteri-
ous and appalling. It was soon fearfully accounted for. On
mounting a rising ground, which brought the figure of his
fellow-traveller in relief against the sky, gigantic in height,
and muffled in a cloak, Ichabod was horror-struck on per-
ceiving that he was headless! but his horror was still more
increased on observing that the head, which should have
rested on his shoulders, was carried before him on the pom-
mel of his saddle! His terror rose to desperation; he rained
a shower of kicks and blows upon Gunpowder, hoping by a
sudden movement to give his companion the slip; but the
spectre started full jump with him. Away, then, they dashed
through thick and thin; stones flying and sparks flashing
at every bound. Ichabod’s flimsy garments fluttered in the
air, as he stretched his long lank body away over his horse’s
head, in the eagerness of his flight.
They had now reached the road which turns off to Sleepy
Hollow; but Gunpowder, who seemed possessed with a de-
mon, instead of keeping up it, made an opposite turn, and
plunged headlong down hill to the left. This road leads
through a sandy hollow shaded by trees for about a quarter
of a mile, where it crosses the bridge famous in goblin story;
and just beyond swells the green knoll on which stands the
whitewashed church.
As yet the panic of the steed had given his unskilful rider
an apparent advantage in the chase, but just as he had got
half way through the hollow, the girths of the saddle gave

way, and he felt it slipping from under him. He seized it by
the pommel, and endeavored to hold it firm, but in vain;
and had just time to save himself by clasping old Gunpow-
der round the neck, when the saddle fell to the earth, and he
heard it trampled under foot by his pursuer. For a moment
the terror of Hans Van Ripper’s wrath passed across his
mind, —for it was his Sunday saddle; but this was no time
for petty fears; the goblin was hard on his haunches; and
(unskilful rider that he was!) he had much ado to maintain
his seat; sometimes slipping on one side, sometimes on an-
other, and sometimes jolted on the high ridge of his horse’s
backbone, with a violence that he verily feared would cleave
him asunder.
An opening, in the trees now cheered him with the hopes
that the church bridge was at hand. The wavering reflec-
tion of a silver star in the bosom of the brook told him that
he was not mistaken. He saw the walls of the church dim-
ly glaring under the trees beyond. He recollected the place
where Brom Bones’ ghostly competitor had disappeard. ‘If
I can but reach that bridge,’ thought Ichabod, ‘ I am safe.’
Just then he heard the black steed panting and blowing
close behind him; he even fancied that he felt his hot breath.
Another convulsive kick in the ribs, and old Gunpowder
sprang upon the bridge; he thundered over the resounding
planks; he gained the opposite side; and now Ichabod cast
a look behind to see if his pursuer should vanish, according
to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone. Just then he saw the
goblin rising in his stirrups, and in the very act of hurling
his head at him. Ichabod endeavored to dodge the horri-

ble missile, but too late. It encountered his cranium with
a tremendous crash, —he was tumbled headlong into the
dust, and Gunpowder, the black steed, and the goblin rider,
passed by like a whirlwind.
The next morning the old horse was found without his
saddle, and with the bridle under his feet, soberly cropping
the grass at his master’s gate. Ichabod did not make his ap-
pearance at breakfast; dinner-hour came, but no Ichabod.
The boys assembled at the schoolhouse, and strolled idly
about the banks of the brook; but no schoolmaster. Hans
Van Ripper now began to feel some uneasiness about the
fate of poor Ichabod, and his saddle. An inquiry was set on
foot, and after diligent investigation they came upon his
traces. In one part of the road leading to the church was
found the saddle trampled in the dirt; the tracks of horses’
hoofs deeply dented in the road, and evidently at furious
speed, were traced to the bridge, beyond which, on the bank
of a broad part oœ the brook, where the water ran deep and
black, was found the hat of the unfortunate Ichabod, and
close beside it a shattered pumpkin.
The brook was searched, but the body of the schoolmas-
ter was not to be discovered. Hans Van Ripper as executor
of his estate, examined the bundle which contained all his
worldly effects. They consisted of two shirts and a half; two
stocks for the neck; a pair or two of worsted stockings; an
old pair of corduroy small- clothes; a rusty razor; a book
of psalm tunes full of dog’s-ears; and a broken pitch-pipe.
As to the books and furniture of the schoolhouse, they
belonged to the community, excepting Cotton Mather’s

History of Witchcraft, a New England Almanac, and book
of dreams and fortune-telling; in which last was a sheet of
foolscap much scribbled and blotted in several fruitless at-
tempts to make a copy of verses in honor of the heiress of
Van Tassel. These magic books and the poetic scrawl were
forthwith consigned to the flames by Hans Van Ripper; who,
from that time forward, determined to send his children
no more to school; observing that he never knew any good
come of this same reading and writing. Whatever money
the schoolmaster possessed, and he had received his quar-
ter’s pay but a day or two before, he must have had about his
person at the time of his disappearance.
The mysterious event caused much speculation at the
church on the following Sunday. Knots of gazers and gos-
sips were collected in the churchyard, at the bridge, and at
the spot where the hat and pumpkin had been found. The
stories of Brouwer, of Bones, and a whole budget of others
were called to mind; and when they had diligently consid-
ered them all, and compared them with the symptoms of
the present case, they shook their heads, and came to the
conclusion chat Ichabod had been carried off by the Gal-
loping Hessian. As he was a bachelor, and in nobody’s debt,
nobody troubled his head any more about him; the school
was removed to a different quarter of the Hollow, and an-
other pedagogue reigned in his stead.
It is true, an old farmer, who had been down to New York
on a visit several years after, and from whom this account
of the ghostly adventure was received, brought home the
intelligence that Ichabod Crane was still alive; that he had

left the neighborhood partly through fear of the goblin and
Hans Van Ripper, and partly in mortification at having been
suddenly dismissed by the heiress; that he had changed his
quarters to a distant part of the country; had kept school
and studied law at the same time; had been admitted to the
bar; turned politician; electioneered; written for the news-
papers; and finally had been made a justice of the ten pound
court. Brom Bones, too, who, shortly after his rival’s dis-
appearance conducted the blooming Katrina in triumph to
the altar, was observed to look exceedingly knowing when-
ever the story of Ichabod was related, and always burst into
a hearty laugh at the mention of the pumpkin; which led
some to suspect that he knew more about the matter than
he chose to tell.
The old country wives, however, who are the best judg-
es of these matters, maintain to this day that Ichabod was
spirited away by supernatural means; and it is a favorite
story often told about the neighborhood round the winter
evening fire. The bridge became more than ever an object of
superstitious awe; and that may be the reason why the road
has been altered of late years, so as to approach the church
by the border of the mill-pond. The schoolhouse being de-
serted soon fell to decay, and was reported to be haunted
by the ghost of the unfortunate pedagogue and the plough-
boy, loitering homeward of a still summer evening, has
often fancied his voice at a distance, chanting a melancholy
psalm tune among the tranquil solitudes of Sleepy Hollow.


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A pleasing land of drowsy head it was,

I n the bosom of one of those spacious coves which indent