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Mechanical Measurements

This document contains sample questions and solutions related to calculating time constants of isotopes, measuring errors in thermocouples due to temperature fluctuations, phase lags in temperature measuring systems, and phase angles for force transducers. Questions provide data on topics like isotope half-lives, thermocouple and system time constants, input frequencies, and natural frequencies and damping ratios. Corresponding solutions show calculations for time constants, maximum errors, phase lags, and phase angles. References cited provide additional resources on measuring system response and measurement systems.

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Ram Nice
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160 views8 pages

Mechanical Measurements

This document contains sample questions and solutions related to calculating time constants of isotopes, measuring errors in thermocouples due to temperature fluctuations, phase lags in temperature measuring systems, and phase angles for force transducers. Questions provide data on topics like isotope half-lives, thermocouple and system time constants, input frequencies, and natural frequencies and damping ratios. Corresponding solutions show calculations for time constants, maximum errors, phase lags, and phase angles. References cited provide additional resources on measuring system response and measurement systems.

Uploaded by

Ram Nice
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICAL

MEASUREMENTS

Question no: 3.1


Calculate the time constant of the given isotopes

Isotopes

Calcium 45

Carbon 14

Gobalt 60

Helium 6

Yttrium 90

Time constant

Half-lives ()

5500 years

152 days

5.2 years

0.85 seconds

61 hours

219.20 days
7934.82 years
7.50 years
1.22 seconds
88.00 hours

Question No: 3.14


A thermocouple is subjected to steady state harmonic temperature
fluctuation given by

where T is the temperature in degrees Celsius and t is in seconds. If the


thermocouple time constant is 0.01 second, what is the maximum error in
degrees Celsius for the indicated temperature?
Solution :
amplification ratio =
Where is the maximum amplitude of the periodic dynamic displacement
is the static deflection

Contd
Given data
= 200
= 0.1 s
rad/s

= 190.8143

Question No: 3.15


A temperature measuring system is excited by a 0.1 Hz harmonically varying input.
From previously run tests the time constant of the system has been measured and found to
be 35 s. if measured, or indicated , dynamic amplitude is 8, what is the phase lag in
seconds?
Solution :
Given data
= 20.1 rad/s
Phase lag ()
65.54 (angle)

(or)

= 1.82 s

Question No: 3.25


A force transducer behaves as a simple second-order system. If the undamped
natural frequency of the transducer is 1800 Hz and its damping is 30% of critical,
what will be the phase angle for a harmonic input of 950 Hz?
Solution:
Given data
0.3
=
Phase angle (),

Contd

= 23.69

References
1) Thomas G. Beckwith, N. Lewis Buck and Roy D. Marangoni,
Measuring system response in Mechanical Measurements, 3rd edition,
New Delhi, Narosa Publishing House, 1997, ch. 3, pp. 49-90.
2) Ernest O. Doebelin and Dhanesh N Maik, Measurement Systems, 6th
edition, New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.

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