VII

gamomcemloba

inteleqti

guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe,

ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili

maTematika
VII klasis saxelmZRvanelo

redaqtori Teimuraz vefxvaZe

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels ssip ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis

erovnuli centris (brZaneba # 375, 18.05.2012) mier

gamomcemloba inteleqti
Tbilisi 2012

guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe,

ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili

maTematika
VII klasis saxelmZRvanelo
gamomcemloba inteleqti
Tbilisi 2012

Guram Gogishvili, Teimuraz Vepkhvadze,

Ia Mebonia, Lamara Kurchishvili

maTHS VII
Intelekti Publishers
Tbilisi 2012

ISBN 978-9941-439-16-2
gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2012.

gamomcemloba inteleqti
Tbilisi, ilia WavWavaZDis gamz. 5. tel.: 225 05 22
www.intelekti.ge

[email protected]

[email protected]

intelekti Publishers
5 Ilia Chavchavadze Ave., Tbilisi, Georgia. Tel.: (995 32) 225 05 22

Cveno keTilo megobaro!

mogesalmebiT da gilocavT axali saswavlo wlis dadgomas!
imedia, Cveni saxelmZRvanelo karg megzurobas gagiwevT maTematikis didebul samyaroSi mogzaurobisas. SevecadeT, praqtikuli
amocanebis ganxilviT dagarwmunoT maTematikis Seswavlis aucileblobaSi. gaxsovdeT, aq miRebuli codna da Cvevebi sxva sagnebis ukeT
aTvisebaSic dagexmarebaT.
Tu pirveli gacnobisas romelime sakiTxi kargad ver gaiazreT,
ar daRondeT, gaagrZeleT muSaoba _ amave sakiTxs saxelmZRvaneloSi
kvlav araerTxel SexvdebiT da aucileblad daZlevT mas.
warmatebiT gevloT maTematikis Seswavlis gzaze.

avtorTa madloba
axali saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmna da maTi skolaSi danergva mimdinare ganaTlebis reformis mniSvnelovani nawilia. Cven Tavidanve CaverTeT am saqmeSi
_ VII klasis pirveli saxelmZRvanelo 2005-2006 wels SemuSavebuli erovnuli
saswavlo gegmis mixedviT Seiqmna. man warmatebiT gaiara pilotireba, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centris eqspertebisa da maswavleblebis
rCevebis gaTvaliswinebiT daixvewa. es TanamSromloba Semdegi konkursebis
drosac gagrZelda.
madlobas movaxsenebT maT nayofieri TanamSromlobisTvis. maTi araerTi
mosazreba asaxulia am axal saxelmZRvaneloSic, romelic 2011-2016 wlebis
erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviTaa Sedgenili. gaTvaliswinebulia yvela is
cvlileba, rac erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi ganxorcielda.
specialuri niSnakebiTaa gamoyofili is sakiTxebi, romlebic mxolod
maTematikis gaZlierebuli swavlebis programas Seesabameba.
gaviTvaliswineT maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis Txovna da wigni or
nawilad davyaviT.
madlobas movaxsenebT yovel pedagogsa da moswavles, romlebic TavianT
arCevans am wignze SeaCereben. vimedovnebT, es wigni gaamarTlebs maT imeds.
guram gogiSvili, Teimuraz vefxvaZe,
ia mebonia, lamara qurCiSvili

sarCevi

rCevebi wigniT sargeblobisTvis

gameoreba. naturaluri ricxvebi. geometriuli figurebi.

1.1. naturaluri ricxvebi.

naturaluri ricxvebis Caweris sxvadasxva forma
1.2. naturaluri ricxvebis gayofa. gayofadobis niSnebi
1.3. martivi da Sedgenili ricxvebi.

udidesi saerTo gamyofi da umciresi saerTo jeradi
1.4. simravle. qvesimravle
1.5. simravleTa gaerTianeba da TanakveTa. venis diagramebi
1.6. geometriuli figurebi
1.7. kuTxe. kuTxeTa urTierTganlageba
1.8. monakveTisa da kuTxis gazomva
1.9. kuTxeTa klasifikacia. or wrfes Soris kuTxe

racionaluri ricxvebi. monacemTa analizi da statistika.

zogierTi geometriuli figura
2.1. mTeli ricxvebi
2.2. mTeli ricxvis moduli (absoluturi mniSvneloba).

mTeli ricxvebis Sedareba
2.3. mTeli ricxvebis Sekreba da gamokleba
2.4. mTeli ricxvebis gamravleba da gayofa
2.5. dadebiTi racionaluri ricxvebi
2.6. racionaluri ricxvebi
2.7. racionaluri ricxvis naturalurmaGCvenebliani xarisxi
2.8. monacemTa analizi da statistika
2.9. texili. mravalkuTxedi
2.10. oTxkuTxedebi

cvladiani gamosaxuleba. wrfivi erTucnobiani gantoleba

3.1.

3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.

cvladiani gamosaxuleba.
cvladiani gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobis povna
naturalurmaCvenebliani xarisxis Tvisebebi
erTwevri. mravalwevri. moqmedebebi mravalwevrebze
Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi
mravalwevris mamravlebad daSla
gantoleba. gantolebis fesvi

3.7. wrfivi erTucnobiani gantoleba

amocanebi maTematikuri SejibrebebisTvis

koordinatebi. geometriuli gardaqmna

4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.

koordinatebi wrfeze. ricxviTi Sualedebi

wertilis koordinatebi sibrtyeze
sakoordinato meoTxedebi
amocanebis amoxsna gantolebis saSualebiT
amocanebis amoxsnis sxvadasxva xerxi
RerZuli simetria
paraleluri gadatana

sidideebs Soris damokidebulebebi.

samkuTxedebis tolobis niSnebi
5.1. Sefardeba
5.2. ricxvis dayofa proporciul nawilebad
5.3. proporcia
5.4. pirdapirproporciuli sidideebi
5.5. samkuTxedi. samkuTxedis saxeebi kuTxeebis mixedviT
5.6. samkuTxedis elementebi
5.7. mimdevrobebi
5.8. samkuTxedebis tolobis niSnebi
5.9. procenti
5.10. vagrZelebT procentze amocanebis ganxilvas

amocanebi maTematikuri SejibrebisTvis

statistikis elementebi. amocanebi agebaze

6.1. monacemTa Semajamebeli ricxviTi maxasiaTeblebi
6.2. samkuTxedis saxeebi gverdebis mixedviT.

tolferda samkuTxedi
6.3. paraleluri wrfeebi
6.4. samkuTxedis kuTxeebis jami
6.5. marTkuTxa samkuTxedi
6.6. monakveTis SuamarTobis Tviseba, wrewiris qorda da mxebi
6.7. amocanebi agebaze

amocanebi maTematikuri SejibrebebisTvis

maTematikuri terminebis leqsikoni

sagnobrivi saZiebeli

maTematikuri niSnebi

berZnuli anbani

laTinuri anbani
pasuxebi

rogor visargebloT wigniT

wigniT sargebloba rom gagiadvildeT, ramdenime rCevas mogcemT.
saxelmZRvanelos TiToeuli Tavi masSi mocemuli ZiriTadi sakiTxebis
CamonaTvaliT iwyeba.
TiToeuli Tavi paragrafebisgan Sedgeba. paragrafebi, rogorc wesi,
ornawiliania. pirveli nawili Teoriul masalas eTmoba. misi gadmocema
praqtikuli magaliTebis ganxilviT mimdinareobs. am nawils Seswavlili
masalis SejamebiT vasrulebT.

es niSnaki migvaniSnebs paragrafis meore nawilis dawyebas _ `sxva

da
sxva~. aq istoriuli sakiTxebi da sxva damxmare masalaa mo
cemuli.

es niSnaki amocanebis CamonaTvals win uZRvis.

zogierTi paragrafis Teoriul nawilsa da amocanebs mosdevs savarjiSoebi, romliTac Seswavlil (maT Soris _ gasul wlebSic)
sakiTxebs gaimeorebT. am nawilis dawyebas gvauwyebs es sagangebo
niSnaki.

SemogTavazebT jgufuri muSaobis proeqtebs _ es TanaklaselebTan erToblivad muSaobis gamocdilebas SegmatebT. aq SeiZleba dagWirdeT informaciis damoukidebeli moZiebac da misi damuSavebac.

Cveni
leqsikoni

l
Si

rv

eu

teqstis ukeT gagebis mizniT saWirod CavTvaleT zo

gi
er
Ti sityvis warmomavlobis, misi msgavsi mniSvnelobebisa an sinonimebis
miTiTeba. aRniSnuli miTiTebebi Cvens leq
si
konSia mocemuli.
am saTauriT gamoyofil Ca
na
werebs Tqven xSi
rad SexvdebiT. igi
Tqvens sityvaTa ma
rag
sac gaamdidrebs da ufro gasagebs gaxdis
wignis Sinaarss.
am niSnakiT drodadro SegaxsenebT, rom yvela amocana unda
gadaita
noT rveulSi da DSemdeg SeasruloT. wignSi Canawerebi ar
unda gakeTdes!

gaufrTxildiT wigns!
masSi Tqvenma Canawerebma wigni SeiZleba
sxvebisTvis gamousadegari gaxados!

gameoreba. naturaluri ricxvebi.

geometriuli figurebi.
am TavSi gaiRrmavebT Tqvens codnas naturaluri ricxvebisa
da geometriuli figurebis Sesaxeb. ZiriTadi sakiTxebia:
gayofadobis niSnebi
naSTiani gayofa
martivi da Sedgenili ricxvebi
simravle. qvesimravle. venis diagramebi
geometriuli figurebi

1.1

naturaluri ricxvebi.
naturaluri ricxvebis Caweris sxvadasxva forma

naturalur ricxvebs Tqven ukve icnobT, xSirad iyenebT maT. magaliTad,

Tvlis dros. am wignis gverdebi naturaluri ricxvebiTaa gadanomrili.
naturaluri ricxvebis Casawerad aT cifrs viyenebT: 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7;
8; 9. es cifrebi sakmarisia nebismieri naturaluri ricxvis aTobiT sistemaSi
Casawerad.
Tu naturaluri ricxvi erTi cifriTaa Cawerili, mas erTniSna ricxvi
vuwodeT. 49292 xuTniSna ricxvia, igi xuTi cifriTaa Cawerili. am CanawerSi
pirveli Tanrigis (erTeulis Tanrigis) cifria 2; aseulis Tanrigis cifric
2-ia, igi warmoadgens or aseuls _ 200 erTeuls. erTi da igive cifri CanawerSi
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba _ es mniSvneloba cifris adgilze
(poziciaze) aris damokidebuli. amitom ricxvebis Caweris am sistemas aTobiTi
sistemis garda poziciur sistemasac uwodeben.
arapoziciuri sistemis magaliTia romauli sistema.
gaixseneT romaul sistemaSi 1-dan 40-mde ricxvebis Caweris wesebi.
40-isa da masze meti ricxvebis Casawerad gamoiyeneba sxva niSnebic:
50 - L, 100 - C, 500 - D, 1000 - M.
magaliTebi: 1. VIII=5+1+1+1=8
2. XXIV=10+10+4=24
3. LXXVI=50+10+10+5+1=76.
gaixseneT aTobiT sistemaSi naturaluri ricxvis CanawerSi Tanrigebis
saxelwodebebi da warmoadgineT gaSlili formiT 3 785 698.
erTeulebis, aTaseulebis, milionebis klasebis da saTanado Tanrigebis
gaxsenebaSi es Canaweric dagexmarebaT:
3
milionebis
klasi

aTaseulebis
klasi

erTeulebis
klasi

 gaixseneT damrgvalebis wesi da daamrgvaleT es ricxvi aTi aTaseulebamde,

aseulebamde.
magaliTad, am ricxvis umaRles Tanrigamde damrgvalebiT miiReba:
4000000.
daasaxeleT umciresi naturaluri ricxvi.
SeiZleba Tu ara udidesi naturaluri ricxvis dasaxeleba?
axla e. w. `giganturi~ ricxvebis saxelwodebebi gavixsenoT:

1000000 =1
1000 milioni =1
1000 miliardi =1
1000 trilioni =1
1000 kvadrilioni =1

milions
miliards
trilions
kvadrilions
kvintilions

warmoadgineT TiToeuli am ricxvis (miliardis, trilionis, kvadrilionis,

kvintilionis) aTobiTi Canawerebi.
1-iTa da mis marjvniv miwerili nulebiT Sedgenili ricxvebi specialuri aR
niSvnis gamoyenebiT mokled Caiwereba. magaliTad, milioni (1000000) SeiZleba
war
mo
vadginoT eqvsi Tanamamravlis namravlis saxiT, romelTagan TiToeuli
aris 10;

1000000 = 101010101010. es ricxvi ase Caiwereba: 106.
6
10 xarisxia, misi fuZe aris 10, 6 _ xarisxis maCvenebelia.
analogiurad, nebismieri ricxvis Tavis Tavze ramdenjerme namravli xarisxis
saxiT Caiwereba:

5555=54, vkiTxulobT: 5 meoTxe xarisxSi.
SevTanxmdeT: raime ricxvis pirveli xarisxi TviT es ricxvia:
a1=a.
magaliTi 2

vipovoT 2 .
4

37=3333333=2187.

24=2222=16.

vipovoT 37.

4-jer

magaliTi 1

7-jer

SevajamoT: saswavlo weli naturaluri ricxvebiTa da am ricxvebis

Caweris formebis gaxsenebiT daviwyeT; gavixseneT ricxvis
xarisxi, magaliTad, 103=101010, aq 103 _ xarisxia, 10 _
fuZe, 3 _ xarisxis maCvenebeli.

s
warmovidginoT sastumro, romlis oTaxebi naturaluri ricx
ve
bi
Taa
gadanomrili: 1, 2, 3, ...
maSasadame, warmovidginoT iseTi sastumro, romelSic, ro
gorc am SemTx
vevaSi vityviT, usasrulod bevri oTaxia. vTqvaT, yvela oTaxi `dakavebulia~.
saRamos sas
tumros kidev erTi stu
ma
ri ew
via. Tavis
ufali oTaxi ar aris
- mimarTavs mas sastumros administratori. saubarSi sastumros direqtori
erTveba da gamosavals advilad poulobs: stumari nomer 1 oTaxidan gadaviy
vanoT nomer 2-Si, stumari nomer 2-dan - nomer 3-Si da a.S. axali stumari
ki nomer 1 oTaxSi gan
vaTavsoT...~. miax
loebiT aseTi ma
ga
liTis ganxilviT
cdilobda didi germaneli maTematikosi david hilberti msmenelTaTvis natu
raluri ricxvebis Tvisebebis TvalsaCinod axsnas.
* * *
ricxvebis Caweris wesi - Tvlis sistemebi - uZveles dros Camoyalib
da. miaxloebiT 3000 wlis win egviptelebi, faqtobrivad, aTo
biT sistemas
iyenebdnen. magaliTad, 321-s isini ase Cawerdnen:

aq | erTeulia,
- aTeuli,
-aseuli. romauli sistema miaxloebiT
Zveli welTaRricxviT 500 wels Seiqmna.
zogierT qveyanaSi ricxvebi asoebiT Caiwereboda. saqarTveloSi am wess
XVIII sau
kunemdec ki misdevdnen. Zvel berZnul da qarTul anbanebSi pirveli
cxra aso ga
mosaxavs erTeulebs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; asoebis nawili
- aTeulebs. aris aseulebis da aTaseulebis aRmniSvneli asoebic. magali
Tad, a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4; a=1, b=2, i=10, r=100, C=1000 (Zvel qarTul
anbanSi 38 aso niSania, Tanamedrove anbanSi ar ixmareba xuTi aso niSani:
H,Y,U,Q,H. isini, Sesabamisad, gamosaxavs ricxvebs: 8, 60, 400, 7 000,
40000).
romaul sistemaSi, Tu raime mocemuli cifris zemoT `-~ niSnakia gamo
saxuli, maSin am cif
riT 1000-jer gazrdili ricxvi Caiwereba.
magaliTad,

V=51000=5000, X=101000=10000.

SearCieT swori pasuxi

1 nuli
1) naturaluri ricxvia
2) ar aris naturaluri ricxvi
3) umciresi naturaluri ricxvia
4) 1-is momdevno naturaluri ricxvia.

2 5-is momdevno naturaluri ricxvia

1) 7 2) 4 3) 6 4) 10.
3 CawereT gaSlili formiT 360 463.
1) 30000+6000+400+60+3 2) 36000+4000+60+3
3) 300000+60000+400+60+3 4) 300000+6000+400+60+3.
4 umciresi naturaluri ricxvia
1) erTi 2) nuli 3) ori 4) sami.
5 udidesi naturaluri ricxvi, romlis aTobiTi Canaweri sami cifriT
warmoidgineba (anu samniSnaa), aris
1) 1000 2) 999 3) 100 4) 899.
6 im naturaluri ricxvebidan, romelTa aTobiTi Canaweri oTxi cifriT warmoidgineba (anu oTxniSnaa), udidesi ricxvi gaSlili saxiT
ase Caiwereba:
1) 91000+9100+910+9 2) 1000+100+10+9
3) 9100+910+9 4) 910000+91000+9.
7 udidesi naturaluri ricxvi
1) trilionia
2) miliardia
3) ar arsebobs 4) milionia.
8 96-gverdiani wignis gverdebis gadasanomrad (gverdebis gadanomrva
iwyeba 1-dan) saWiroa
1) 96 cifri 2) 192 cifri 3) 174 cifri 4) 183 cifri.
9 nuli
1) oTxniSna ricxvia 2) erTniSna ricxvia
3) xuTniSna ricxvia 4) orniSna ricxvia.
10 XXXIV=
1) 26 2) 36 3) 34 4) 35.
11 sityva `miliardi~ xmarebaSi safrangeT-prusiis omis damTavrebisas
- 1871 wels Semovida. romel saukuneSi Semovida xmarebaSi sityva `miliardi~?
1) XVIII 2) XIX 3) XXI 4) XVII.
12 CamoTvlili Sefasebebidan SearCieT 927+328 jamis saukeTeso Sefaseba:
1) aTas samasze metia 2) aTas samasze naklebia
3) 1400-ze metia 4) 1400-ze naklebia.
13 romel saukuneSi gaimarjva didgoris brZolaSi qarTulma laSqar
ma?
1) XI saukuneSi 2) XII saukuneSi
3) X saukuneSi
4) IX saukuneSi.

10

14 CVL=
1) 100+(50-5) 2) 100+(5+50)
3) 100-(5+50) 4) (100+5)-50.
15 42 368 aTobiT sistemaSi SeiZleba ase CavweroT:
1) 4103+2102+310+6+8 2) 4104+2103+3102+610+8
3) 1000044+100023+10032+106+8 4) 42103+36102+8.
16 7104+5102+310=
1) 753 2) 7053 3) 7530 4) 70530.
17 131=
1) 169 2) 1 3) 0 4) 13.
18 kubis gverdis sigrZe 5 sm-ia. 1 sm-iani wibos
mqone ramdeni kubisgan Sedgeba es kubi?
1) 5 2) 25
3) 125 4) 625.
19 12006=
1) 2005 2) 0 3) 1 4) 5.
20 77755=
1) 75 2) 55 3) 754 4) 7352.
21 ipoveT naturaluri ricxvi, romlis kvadrati TviT es ricxvia.
1) 1 2) 2 3) 0 4) 3.
22 CawereT 81 xarisxis saxiT, romlis fuZe aris 3.
1) 33 2) 34 3) 35 4) 53.
amoxseniT amocanebi

23

mocemulia naturaluri ricxvi: 81452.

ra cifria am ricxvis aTeulis TanrigSi?
ra cifria am ricxvis aseulis TanrigSi?
ra cifria am ricxvis aTaseulis TanrigSi?
sul ramdeni erTeulia am ricxvSi?
sul ramdeni aTaseulia am ricxvSi?
sul ramdeni aseulia am ricxvSi?
sul ramdeni aTeulia am ricxvSi?

24 dawereT naturaluri ricxvi, romelic Seicavs:

a) 73 aTeulsa da 5 erTeuls; b) 41 aseulsa da 15 aTeuls;
g) 100 aseulsa da 100 aTeuls.
25 moiZieT msoflios amJamindeli mosax
le
obis odenoba da CawereT
igi sityvebiTa da cifrebiT.

11

26 dawereT xuTas meTxuTmete naturaluri ricxvi. warmoadgineT igi

gaSlili formiT. ramdeni erTeuli aklia am ricxvs 10000-mde?
27

stadionze gamarTul koncerts 27148 mayu

rebeli daeswro. daamrgvaleT es ricxvi:
a) aTeulebamde;
b) aseulebamde;
g) aTaseulebamde.

28 SeadgineT udidesi SesaZlo ricxvi, romlis cifrebi ar meordeba

da es cifrebia:
a) 7, 5, 9 da 3;
b) 5, 6, 8, 4 da 0;
g) 2, 4, 7, 5 da 9.
29 SeadgineT umciresi SesaZlo naturaluri ricxvi, romlis cifrebi
ar meordeba da es cifrebia:
a) 6, 1, 3, 5 da 4;
b) 1, 5, 7 da 0;
g) 9, 3, 6, 0 da 8.
30 msoflios okeaneTagan udidesia wynari okeane. misi zedapiris farTobi cnobarSi asea miTiTebuli: 178684 (aTasi km2). gamosaxeT es sidide
kvadratul kilometrebSi da waikiTxeT miRebuli ricxvi.
31 50 wels miRweuli adamianis gulis
ce
maTa saerTo ricxvi miaxloebiT ori miliard xu
Ta
si milionia. CawereT es ricxvi aTobiT sistemaSi.
32 adamianis Zilis saSualo xangrZlivoba yovel xuT weliwadSi miaxloebiT cameti aTas samas oTxmocdasami saaTia. CawereT es ricxvi
aTobiT sistemaSi.
33 dawereT udidesi eqvsniSna ricxvi. ramdeni aTeulia am ricxvSi?
ramdeni aseulia am ricxvSi? ra ricxvi unda mivumatoT am ricxvs, rom
miviRoT umciresi SvidniSna ricxvi?
34 56212 ricxvi kalkulatoris daxmarebiT gamoTvaleT:

5 6 21 = ?

miRebuli ricxvi daamrgvaleT:

a) aTaseulebamde; b) milionebamde;
g) umaRles Tanrigamde.
35 1958 wels aRmoaCines didi istoriuli
mniSvnelobis mqone egvipturi papirusi.
is mecnierebma Zveli welTaRricxvis 1650
wliT daaTariRes. am or TariRs Soris
miaxloebiT ramdeni saukunea?
36 vTqvaT, n aris 1-ze meti naturaluri
ricxvi. dawereT:
a) n-is wina da momdevno naturaluri ricxvebi;
b) n+2-is wina da momdevno naturaluri ricxvebi.

12

37 gadaiwereT da SeavseT winadadebebSi gamotovebuli ricxvebi. gamoiyeneT arabuli da romauli numeracia. mefe daviT ... (aRmaSenebeli) daibada ... wels. is ...
wlisa gamefda. ... saukuneSi saqarTvelos aRorZineba
daviTis saxels ukavSirdeba. ... wels did
gor
Si didi
gamarjvebis Semoqmedi mefe daviTia.
38 CawereT aTobiT da romaul sistemebSi:
a) Tqveni dabadebis weli;
b) skolaSi Tqveni Sesvlis weli.
39 Ca
wereT aTobiT da romaul sistemebSi saqarTvelos damo
uki
deb
lobis gamocxadebisa da aRdgenis wlebi.
40 CawereT aTobiT da romaul sistemebSi weli, roca adamianma pirvelad dadga fexi mTvareze.
41 aTobiT sistemaSi Cawerili ricxvi warmoadgineT gaSlili formiT:
a) 357;
b) 230203;

42 samniSna ricxvis aseulebisa da aTeulebis cifrebi (anu am ricxvis
aTobiT CanawerSi aseulisa da aTeulis Tanrigis cifrebi), Sesabamisad,
aris 3 da 2. ram
deniT Semcirdeba es ricxvi, Tu misi aseulebisa da
aTeulebis cifrebs gadavanacvlebT?
43 ramdeni iseTi oTxniSna ricxvi arsebobs, romelic iwyeba 1-iT da
iyofa 10-ze?
44 amowerilia TanamimdevrobiT Semdegi naturaluri ricxvebi:

1,
4,
9,
16,
25,
36.
ra kanonzomierebas amCnevT am ganlagebaSi? miuwereT ricxvebs imave
kanonzomierebiT kidev xuTi naturaluri ricxvi.
45 amowerilia TanamimdevrobiT Semdegi naturaluri ricxvebi:

1,
8,
27,
64,
125, 216.
dasviT wina amocanis analogiurad kiTxvebi da upasuxeT maT.
46 ipoveT naturaluri ricxvi, romlis kvadrati aris:
a) 9;
b) 64; g) 144;
d) 625.
47 212 warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT, romlis fuZea:
a) 4;
b) 8; g) 64.
48 ipoveT naturaluri ricxvi, romlis:
a) kvadrati aris 81;
b) meoTxe xarisxi aris 81.
49 36 warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT, romlis fuZea:
a) 9;
b) 27.

13

50 babuam zurabs, roca erTi wlis gaxda, 1 wigni

aCuqa da yovel Semdeg dabadebis dReze saCuqrad
aZlevda orjer met wigns, vidre - winaze.
a) ramdeni wigni aCuqa zurabs babuam, roca igi 6
wlis gaxda?
b) babuas naCuqari ramdeni wigni eqneboda 6 wlis
zurabs?
51 kubis wibo aris a. dawereT:
a) kubis zedapiris farTobis (eqvsive waxnagis farTobebis jami) gamosaTvleli gamosaxuleba;
b) kubis moculobis gamosaTvleli gamosaxuleba;
g) ramdenjer gaizrdeba kubis moculoba, Tu mis wibos gavzrdiT
3-jer?
d) ramdenjer gaizrdeba kubis zedapiris farTobi, Tu mis yovel
wibos gavzrdiT 3-jer?

j
Sesavsebia cxrili. mas pirobiTad SeiZleba `bolo cifris cxrili~
vuwodoT.

8
9
0

4
2

eu

l
Si

1
2
3
4
5
6

rv

bolo
xarisxis cifri
maCvenebeli

pirvel svetSia ricxvebis xarisxis maCveneblebi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

pirvel striqonSi - ricxvebis bolo cifrebi. magaliTad, Tu ricxvis
erTeulebis cifri aris 4, maSin am ricxvis mesame xarisxis bolo cifric 4-ia. Sesabamisi svetisa da Sesabamisi striqonis (cxrilSi feriTaa moniSnuli) gadakveTaze vwerT 4-s.

SeavseT `bolo cifris~ cxrili,

ra kanonzomierebis aRmoCena SeiZleba?

cxrils daumateT meSvide da merve striqonebi da SeamowmeT, Tu
marTldeba Tqven mier aRmoCenili kanonzomiereba am SemTxvevaSic.

ra aris 416-is bolo cifri? 9131-is bolo cifri?

14

1.2

naturaluri ricxvebis gayofa.

gayofadobis niSnebi

1)

vTqvaT, 80 wigns Tanabrad vanawilebT yuTebSi da TiToeul yuTSi 16

wigni Tavsdeba. saWiro yuTebis raodenobas gayofiT vpoulobT:
80:16=5.
TiToeul yuTSi 16 wignia, 5 yuTSi iqneba 165=80 wigni.
gvaqvs ricxvi 80 da ricxvi 16, moiZebna ricxvi _ 5, iseTi, rom
80=165;
vityviT _ 80 iyofa 16-ze, 80:16=5, 80 gasayofia, 16 _ gamyofi, 5 _ ganayofi.
gayofis zogierTi wesi Semdegi cxriliT warmovadginoT:
nebismieri ricxvis 1-ze gayofiT
TviT es ricxvi miiReba.

9:1=9

a:1=a

Tu naturalur ricxvs Tavis

Tavze gavyofT, miviRebT 1-s.

9:9=1

a:a=1

nulis naturalur ricxvze

gayofiT nuli miiReba.

0:5=0

0:a=0

nulze gayofa ar SeiZleba.

axla kidev ramdenime Tviseba warmovadginoT.
1. Tu erTi ricxvi iyofa meoreze da meore iyofa mesameze, maSin pirveli ricxvi iyofa mesameze.

magaliTad, 555 iyofa 111-ze:

555=5111; 111 iyofa 37-ze: 111=337.
vRebulobT:
555=5111=5(337)=(53)37=1537,

aseTi msjelobiT ufro rTuli

SemTxvevebis ganxilvasac SeZlebT.
2. Tu ori ricxvidan TiToeuli
iyofa erTsa da imave ricxvze, maSin mocemuli ori ricxvis jamica
da sxvaobac iyofa am ricxvze.

anu 555 iyofa 37-ze.

magaliTad, 120 iyofa 4-ze:

120=304; 36-ic iyofa 4-ze: 36=94.
vRebulobT:
120+36=304+94=(30+9)4=394,

ricxvebis moqmedebebis ra Tvi

sebebi gamoviyeneT aRniSnuli tolobebis dawerisas?
3. Tu mocemuli ori ricxvidan erT-erTi iyofa mesame
ricxvze, meore ar iyo
fa am
mesame ricxvze, maSin mocemuli ori ricxvis jamica da
sxvaobac ar iyofa am me
same
ricxvze.

anu 120+36 jami (156) iyofa 4-ze.

magaliTad, 144 iyofa 36-ze, 48 ar

iyofa 36-ze. martivad SeamowmebT, rom
144+48 (anu 192) ar iyofa 36-ze (es Sedegi SeiZleba aseTi msjelobiTac miviRoT: 144+48 rom iyofodes 36-ze, maSin,
me-2 Tvisebis Tanaxmad, 36-ze gaiyofoda
(144+48)-144=48, rac ar aris swori. amrigad, 144+48 ar iyofa 36-ze).

15

2)

vTqvaT, axla 82 wigni gasanawilebelia yuTebSi da TiToeul yuTSi

SeiZleba 16 wignis moTavseba. sul mcire ramdeni yuTi dagvWirdeba?
amocanis amosaxsnelad 82 unda gavyoT 16-ze. gayofisas naSTi miiReba:
82=165+2.
82-is 16-ze gayofisas miviReT: ganayofi _ 5 (zogjer mas arasrul ganayofsac
uwodeben), naSTi _ 2. naSTi naklebia gamyofze. am naSTis gamo, amocanaSi
dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, cxadia, ganayofi erTiT unda gavzardoT
_ sul mcire 6 yuTi iqneba saWiro (5 yuTs vavsebT, me-6-Si ki ganTavsdeba 2
wigni).
axla weriTi gayofis wesi gavixsenoT:
magaliTi 1

1479 gavyoT 7-ze.

1479
7
14
211 da naSTi 2
7
7
9
7
2 _ naSTi

maSasadame, 1479=7211+2
211 ganayofia, 2 _ naSTi;
naSTi gamyofze naklebia _ 2<7.

3)

axla gayofadobis niSnebi CamovayaliboT _ 2-ze, 5-ze, 10-ze, 3-ze da

9-ze gayofadobis niSnebi.
a)

Tu ricxvi 0-iT bolovdeba (vgulisxmobT, rom ricxvis

aTobiTi Canaweri bolovdeba
0-iT), maSin es ricxvi 10-ze
iyofa.

magaliTad, 3570 iyofa 10-ze,

radgan 3570=35710.
3571 ar iyofa 10-ze, radgan
3571=3570+1 da 3570 iyofa 10-ze, 1
ki ar iyofa 10-ze.

Tu ricxvi nuliT ar bolovdeba, maSin es ricxvi ar iyofa 10-ze.

b)

Tu ricxvi 0-iT an
5-iT bolovdeba, maSin
es ricxvi iyofa 5-ze.

magaliTad, 2400 iyofa 5-ze, radgan

2400=24010 da 10 iyofa 5-ze. 2405-c iyofa
5-ze, radgan 2405=2400+5.
2407 ar iyofa 5-ze, radgan 2407=2405+2
da 2 ar iyofa 5-ze.

Tu ricxvi ar bolovdeba arc 0-iT, arc 5-iT, maSin es ricxvi ar iyofa

5-ze.
g)

16

0, 2, 4, 6, 8 cifrebs luwi cifrebi ewodeba; 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 cifrebs kenti cifrebi.

Tu naturaluri ricxvi iyofa 2-ze, am ricxvs luwi ricxvi ewodeba. amrigad, nebismieri luwi ricxvi 2k saxisaa, k naturaluri ricxvia.

 Tu ricxvi luwi cifriT bolovdeba, maSin is

luwia (iyofa 2-ze).

magaliTad, 4 luwi cifria, masTan erTad

luwia 324 ricxvic.

Tu ricxvi ar iyofa 2-ze, am ricxvs kenti ricxvi ewodeba.

Tu ricxvi kenti cif

riT bolovdeba, maSin is
kentia (ar iyofa 2-ze).

d)

magaliTad, 5 kenti cifria, kentia 325

ricxvic.

4275 ricxvis cifrebis jami (igulisxmeba saTanado TanrigebSi erTeulebis odenobaTa jami 4-is, 2-is, 7-isa da 5-is jami) - 18 iyofa
9-ze da Tavad 4275 ricxvic iyofa 9-ze - 4275=4759.
es faqti SeiZleba ase davasabuToT:
4275=41000+2100+710+5=4(999+1)+2(99+1)+7(9+1)+5=
=(4999+299+79)+(4+2+7+5).
frCxilebiT gamoyofili jamebi
sazogadod, Tu raime ricxvis
iyofa 9-ze, maSasadame, 4275 iyocifrebis jami iyofa 9-ze, maSin
fa 9-ze.
es ricxvi iyofa 9-ze.

4276 ar iyofa 9-ze, radgan 4276=4275+1, pirveli Sesakrebi iyofa 9-ze,

meore - ar iyofa.
Tu mocemuli ricxvis cifrebis jami ar iyofa 9-ze, maSin arc mocemuli ricxvi iyofa 9-ze.
e)

Tu ricxvis cifrebis jami iyofa 3-ze, maSin es ricxvi iyofa 3-ze. wimagaliTad, 3123 iyofa 3-ze, radgan
naaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, anu Tu
3+1+2+3=9
da 9 iyofa 3-ze.
cifrebis jami ar iyofa 3-ze,
3124 ar iyofa 3-ze (3+1+2+4=10 da
maSin ricxvi ar iyofa 3-ze.
10 ar iyofa 3-ze).

wina SemTxvevis analogiurad, warmoadgineT 3123 gaSlili formiT da

SeamowmeT misTvis Camoyalibebuli winadadebis WeSmaritoba.

SevajamoT: gavixseneT naturaluri ricxvebis gayofis Tvisebebi. Camoya

libebulia 2-ze, 5-ze, 10-ze, 3-ze da 9-ze gayofadobis niSnebi
_ ra SemTxvevaSi iyofa mocemuli ricxvi 2-ze, 5-ze, 10-ze,
3-ze an 9-ze da ra SemTxvevaSi _ ar iyofa.

17

a
SearCieT swori pasuxi

1 Tu a, b da c naturaluri ricxvebia da a=bc, maSin
1) a ar iyofa c-ze 2) a ar iyofa b-ze
3) a iyofa b-ze.
2 Tu a nebismieri naturaluri ricxvia, maSin a:a=
1) 2
2) 1
3) 3

4) 0.

3 radgan 36 iyofa 3-ze, 17 ar iyofa 3-ze, amitom 36+17

1) iyofa 3-ze
2) ar iyofa 3-ze
3) iyofa 17-ze
4) iyofa 36-ze.
4 Tu raime a ricxvi iyofa 3-ze, b ricxvic iyofa 3-ze, maSin
1) a+b iyofa 3-ze 2) a+b ar iyofa 3-ze
3) a-b ar iyofa 3-ze
4) ab ar iyofa 3-ze.
5 vTqvaT, n nebismieri naturaluri ricxvia, maSin yoveli luwi
naturaluri ricxvi (ricxvi, romelic 2-ze iyofa) SeiZleba ase
CavweroT
1) 2n+1
2) 2n-1
3) 2n+3
4) 2n.
6 vwerT yvela SesaZlebel oTxniSna ricxvs, romlis cifrebi SeiZleba
iyos mxolod 0, 1, 2 an 3 (cifrebi SeiZleba gameordes). ramdeni aseTi
ricxvis dawera SeiZleba?
1) 256
2) 192 3) 81 4) 36.
7 Tu naturaluri x ricxvis 7-ze gayofiT miRebuli naSTia 2, maSin
(x+3)-is 7-ze gayofisas miiReba naSTi:
1) 3 2) 1 3) 5 4) 4.
8 ipoveT umciresi naturaluri ricxvi, romelic 3-ze, 5-ze da 7-ze
gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 1-s da metia TiToeul am ricxvze.
1) 105
2) 104 3) 103 4) 106.
9 mocemul ricxvebSi SearCieT ricxvi, romelic iyofa 5-ze.
1) 5723
2) 2375 3) 3752 4) 7352.
10 2, 7, 5 da 3 cifrebiT, gameorebis gareSe, SeiZleba SevadginoT 24
oTxniSna ricxvi. maTSi luwi ricxvebis odenobaa
1) 6 2) 8 3) 12 4) 3.
11 nebismieri luwi naturaluri ricxvis aTobiTi Canaweri bolovdeba
1) 2-iT 2) 2-iT an 4-iT
3) 2-iT, 4-iT, 6-iT an 8-iT
4) raime luwi cifriT.

18

12 yoveli ricxvi, romelic iyofa 15-ze, gaiyofa

1) 2-zec 2) 3-zec da 5-zec
3) 5-zec da 10-zec 4) 30-zec.
13 yoveli kenti naturaluri ricxvi SeiZleba ase CavweroT:
1) 3k, k naturaluri ricxvia 2) 2k+1, k naturaluri ricxvia
3) 2k-1, k naturaluri ricxvia 4) 4k-1, k naturaluri ricxvia.
14 Semdegi ricxvebidan romeli iyofa 3-ze?
1) 72426
2) 12127 3) 82528

4) 12118.

15 dasaxelebuli ricxvebidan 9-ze iyofa

1) 9127
2) 9128 3) 9125 4) 9126.
16 2n+1 kenti ricxvis momdevno kenti ricxvia
1) 3n+1
2) 2n+2 3) 2(2n+1)

4) 2n+3.

17 n da a naturaluri ricxvebia. cnobilia, rom 2n+a aris luwi ricxvi. maSin aucileblad a aris
1) luwi
2) kenti 3) 2-is toli
4)orniSna luwi ricxvi.
amoxseniT amocanebi
18 nikas imdenive moneta aqvs, ramdenic vaxtangs. nikas mxolod 10-TeTrianebi aqvs, vaxtangs - mxolod 20-TeTrianebi. orTaves erTad am monetebiT 1 lari da 50 TeTri ugrovdeba. ramdeni moneta aqvs TiToeuls?
19 mzias imdenive 20-TeTriani moneta aqvs, ramdenic - 5-TeTriani.
am monetebiT mas 2 lari ugrovdeba. ramdeni 20-TeTriani moneta aqvs
mzias?
20 lelas ori moneta aqvs. misi Tanxa 15 TeTria. erT-erTi moneta ar
aris 5-TeTriani. ra Rirebulebisaa es moneta?
21 eqvsi momdevno luwi ricxvis jamia 1326. ipoveT am ricxvebidan umciresi.
22 dawereT umciresi 1-ze meti naturaluri ricxvi, romelic:
a) iyofa 13-zec da 4-zec;
b) rogorc 13-ze, ise 4-ze gayofisas naSTSi iZleva 1-s.
23 sawyobSi Semotanili yuTebis odenoba ar aRemateba 50-s. yuTebs Tu samsamad davawyobT, erTi yuTi dagvrCeba;
Tu - eqvs-eqvsad - kvlav 1 yuTi dagv
rCeba; Tu yuTebs Svid-Svidad davawyobT, isev 1 yuTi dagvrCeba. ramdeni
yuTia Semotanili sawyobSi?

19

24

Svidi moswavle damalobanas TamaSobs. isini

wrewirze ganlagdnen da gadawyvites: pirveli
is ixuWeba, romelic gaTvlisas
25-e aRmoCndeba. SeTanxmdnen:
gaTvlas jaba iwyebs.
jabam daiwyo gaTvla: 1, 2, 3, ...
nikam ar daucada Tvlis damTavrebas da wamoiZaxa - me
vixuWebi. rogor mixvda nika, rom igi 25-e aRmoCnde
boda? ra nomeria nikas adgili?

25 ra naSTi miiReba nakiani wlis dReebis ricxvis 7-ze gayofisas?

26 iyo Tu ara 2011 wlis pirveli ianvari da 2010 wlis pirveli ianvari
kviris erTi da igive dReebi?
miTiTeba. gaiTvaliswineT, rom aranakian wlebSi dReebis ricxvia 365 da igi 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi iZleva 1-s.
27 kalendris gamouyeneblad daadgineT: ra dRe iyo 2011 wlis pirveli ianvari. gaiTvaliswineT, rom 2010 wlis 1 ianvari iyo paraskevi.
miTiTeba. gamoTvlis gaiolebis mizniT kviris TiToeul dRes
mianiWeT nomeri: orSabaTi - 1, samSabaTi - 2, oTxSabaTi - 3, xuTSabaTi - 4, paraskevi - 5, SabaTi - 6, kvira - 7.
28 dasaxelebulia xarisxebi: 41, 42, 43, ..., 429. ramdenia maT Soris iseTi
ricxvi, romlis 10-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTia:
a) 4;
b) 6;
g) 8?
29 dasaxelebulia xarisxebi 71, 72, 73, ..., 745. ramdenia maT Soris iseTi
ricxvi, romlis 10-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTia:
a) 1;
b) 9;
g) 3;
d) 7;
e) 6?
30 vTqvaT, a da b (a>b) naturaluri ricxvebis 5-ze gayofisas erTi da
igive naSTi miiReba. iyofa Tu ara a-b sxvaoba 5-ze? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
31 samma biWma savarjiSod CogburTis
burTebis nawili Ta
nabrad gainawila.
danarCeni burTebi cxra go
go
naSic
Tanabrad ganawilda. SeiZleba Tu ara,
rom am biWebsa da gogonebs 20 burTi
hqondes?
32 gigam maRaziaSi 18 erTnairi rveuli, ori erTnairi albomi, erTi
kalami da ramdenime erTnairi fanqari iyida. fanqari 4 TeTri Rirs,
kalami - 80 TeTri. gamyidvelma mas 5 lari 57 TeTri uangariSa. gigam

20

sTxova gamyidvels dae

zus
tebina Rirebu
leba, radgan mixvda, rom gamyidveli cdeboda.
rogor SeZlo gigam gamoTvlebis Cautareblad Secdomis aRmoCena?

33 dawereT eqvsi samniSna ricxvi, romelTagan TiToeulis cifrebia 1,

2 da 3 (arc erT ricxvSi cifrebi ar meordeba). iyofa Tu ara dawerili
ricxvebi:
a) 3-ze;
b) 6-ze;
g) 9-ze?
34 daasaxeleT udidesi eqvsniSna ricxvi, romelic iyofa
a) 2-ze;
b) 3-ze;
g) 5-ze;
d) 9-ze;

e) 10-ze.

35 ipoveT 1-dan 13-mde (CaTvliT) ricxvebis namravlis bolo ori cif

ri.
1
2
3 ... 13 = ...

36 ramdeni nuliT bolovdeba naturaluri ricxvebis namravli:

a) 1-dan 15-mde (CaTvliT)?
b) 1-dan 30-mde (CaTvliT)?
37 123*4* CanawerSi *-ebis nacvlad CasviT iseTi cifrebi, rom miRebu
li eqvsniSna ricxvi gaiyos 45-ze.
38 mocemulia ricxvebi:
1105+1; 8107+1; 3104+2102+1; 210n+1.

romeli maTgani iyofa 3-ze?

21

1.3

martivi da Sedgenili ricxvebi.

udidesi saerTo gamyofi da umciresi saerTo jeradi

1)

gavixsenoT, rom mocemuli naturaluri ricxvis gamyofi aris naturaluri ricxvi, romelzec mocemuli naturaluri ricxvi iyofa.
magaliTad, 8-is gamyofebia: 1, 2, 4 da 8;
42-is gamyofebia: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42.
19-is gamyofebia: 1, 19.
naturalur ricxvs, romelsac mxolod ori gamyofi aqvs, martivi
ricxvi ewodeba.
naturalur ricxvs, romelsac orze meti gamyofi aqvs, Sedgenili
ricxvi ewodeba.
1 arc martivi ricxvia da arc Sedgenili.
1-dan 20-mde martivi ricxvebia: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19.
1-dan 20-mde(CaTvliT)Sedgenili ricxvebia: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20.
amrigad,
yoveli naturaluri ricxvi aris an 1, an martivi, an Sedgenili ricxvi.
damtkicebulia, rom arsebobs uamravi martivi ricxvi.
yoveli Sedgenili ricxvi SeiZleba warmovadginoT martivi ricxvebis namravlis saxiT, anu davSaloT martiv mamravlebad. magaliTad, 28=227; 22=211;
81=3333.
Tu xarisxis cnebasac gamoviyenebT, miviRebT
28=227, 81=34.
ganvixiloT martiv mamravlebad daSlis sxvadasxva wesi.
magaliTi 1

davSaloT martiv mamravlebad 54. SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `mamravlebis xe~. viwyebT 54-is raime ori gamyofis namravlad warmodgeniT:

54
6 9

maSasadame, 54=233.

2 3 3 3
magaliTi 2

davSaloT martiv mamravlebad 56. axla viyenebT martivi gamyofebis svetad

Camoweris wess:
56
28
14
7
1

22

2
2
2 maSasadame, 56=237.
7

2) 36-is

gamyofebia: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36;

48-is gamyofebia: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48.
36-isa da 48-is saerTo gamyofebia: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.
saerTo gamyofebs Soris udidesi 12-ia. 12 aris 36-isa da 48-is udidesi
saerTo gamyofi.
a da b ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofi am ricxvebis saerTo
gamyofebs Soris udidesi ricxvia.
a da b ricxvebis udides saerTo gamyofs ase aRvniSnavT:
maSasadame, usg(36; 48)=12.

usg(a; b).

ganvixiloT ori ricxvis udidesi saerTo gamyofis povnis magaliTebi.

magaliTi 3

vipovoT usg(180; 128).

180 2
128 2
90 2
64 2
45 3
32 2
15 3
16 2
5
5
8 2
1
4 2

2 2

1
180=2.2.3.3.5,
128=2.2.2.2.2.2.2,
usg(180;128)=2.2=4.

magaliTi 4

vipovoT usg(56; 45).

56 2
28 2
14 2
7 7
1

45 3
15 3
5 5
1

56=2.2.2.7,
45=3.3.5.

56-sa da 45-s ara aqvs saerTo martivi

gamyofi. maTi saerTo gamyofia mxolod1:

usg(56; 45)=1.

ricxvebs, romlebsac saerTo martivi

gamyofi ara aqvs urTierTmartivi (Tanamartivi) ricxvebi ewodeba.

56 da 45 urTierTmartivi ricxvebia.
yoveli ori gansxvavebuli martivi ricxvi urTierTmartivi ricxvebia. magaliTad, usg(17; 23)=1; 17 da 23 urTierTmartivi ricxvebia.
usg(8, 15)=1; 8 da 15-ic urTierTmartivi ricxvebia.

3) gavixsenoT, rom raime a naturaluri ricxvis jeradi aris ricxvi, rome

lic a-ze iyofa, anu a ricxvisa da raime naturaluri ricxvis namravlia.

12-is jeradebia 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120,...
18-is jeradebia: 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126,...
12-isa da 18-is saerTo jeradebia: 36, 72, 108,...
12-isa da 18-is saerTo jeradebi SeiZleba ase CavweroT: 36n, n naturaluri
ricxvia. am ricxvebs Soris umciresi miiReba, roca n=1.
36 aris 12-isa da 18-is umciresi saerTo jeradi. vwerT: usj(12; 18)=36.

23

mocemuli naturaluri ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradi aris umciresi ricxvi, romelic iyofa TiToeul mocemul ricxvze.
a da b ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradi ase Caiwereba:
a, b da c ricxvebisa ki -

usj(a; b);

usj(a; b; c).

magaliTi 5

vipovoT 72-is da 108-is umciresi saerTo jeradi.

I xerxi: amovweroT am ricxvebis jeradebi.
72-is jeradebia: 72, 144, 216, 288, 360, 432, ...
108-is jeradebia: 108, 216, 324, 432, ...
saerTo jeradebia: 216, 432, ...
usj(72; 108)=216.
II xerxi: davSaloT mocemuli ricxvebi martiv mamravlebad:

72=2.2.2.3.3; 108=2.2.3.3.3.
axla amovwerT erT-erTi ricxvis, magaliTad, 72-is yvela martiv gamyofs
(umciresi saerTo jeradi, cxadia, yvela am martiv gamyofs Seicavs) da am
namravls `SevavsebT~ 108-is im martivi gamyofebiT, romlebic ar Sedis an
naklebi odenobiTaa 72-is daSlaSi:
usj(72; 108)=2.2.2.3.3.3=8.27=216.
am wesis mixedviT kargad Cans, rom urTierTmartivi ricxvebis umciresi
saerTo jeradi am ricxvebis namravlia.
Tqven, albaT, ukve SeniSneT, rom Tu p martivi mamravli a ricxvis martiv
mamravlebad daSlaSi xarisxSia, b-s daSlaSi - xarisxSia, , maSin a-sa da
b-s umcires saerTo jeradSi p aris xarisxSi.
axla sami ricxvis umcires saerTo jeradze SevCerdeT.
magaliTi 6

vipovoT usj (18;24;30).

18=2.3.3,
24=2223,
30=2.3.5.

SevajamoT:

24

usj(18;24;30)=23325=360.

yoveli naturaluri ricxvi an martivi ricxvia, an Sedgeni

li ricxvia, an 1-is tolia. yoveli Sedgenili ricxvi SeiZleba
davSaloT martiv mamravlebad.

ganvsazRvreT naturaluri ricxvebis udidesi saerTo

gamyo
fi da umciresi saerTo jeradi. warmovadgineT maTi
povnis magaliTebi.

s

martivi ricxvebis povnis sakiTxi uZvelesi droidan izidavda maTematikosebs. jer kidev didma berZenma maTematikosma evklidem daasabuTa, rom
arsebobs uamravi mar
tivi ricxvi.

maTematikis frangi moyvarulis mersenis (1588-1648) saxels atarebs specialuri ti pis martivi ricxvebi, romlebic 2p-1 formuliT gamoisaxeba. Tu
p=2, 3, 5 an 7, maSin 2p-1 martivi ricxvia; magram p=11-sTvis vRebulobT:
211-1=2047=2389,

es ki Sedgenili ricxvia.
kompiuterebis gamoyenebamde napovni iyo mersenis martivi ricxvi, romelic
p=257-s Seesabameba. 1952 wlidan am ZiebaSi kompiuterebic CarTes da kidev
araerT aseT martiv ricxvs miakvlies. magaliTad, 1965 wels, `sarekordo~
aRmoCnda p=11213-is Sesabamisi ricxvi - mersenis 23-e martivi ricxvi.
XX saukunis bolo meoTxedidan did martiv ricxvebs mniSvnelovani praqtikuli gamoyeneba aqvs. Cven amaze SemdgomSi uTuod visaubrebT.
2005 wlisTvis napovnia mersenis 42-e martivi ricxvi 225 964 951-1, romelic
aTobiT sistemaSi 8 milioni cifriT Caiwereba.
***
gTavazobT udidesi saerTo gamyofis povnis kidev erT wess, romelsac
evklides algoriTms uwodeben. es algoriTmi naSTian gayofas efuZneba.
vTqvaT, a>b, maSin, rogorc viciT, gvaqvs, a=bq+r, 0r<b.
am tolobidan advilad davaskvniT:
usg
(a;b)=usg(b;r).
(1)
(1) tolobis gaTvaliswinebiT vi povoT 904-isa da 162-is udidesi saerTo
gamyofi. evklides algoriTmi am ricxvebisTvis ase Caiwereba:
904=162.5+94,
162=94.1+68,
94=68.1+26,
68=26.2+16,
26=16.1+10,
16=10.1+6,
10=6.1+4,
6=4.1+2,
4=2.2.
(1) tolobis gamo gvaqvs:
usg
(904;162)=usg(162;94)=usg(94;68)=...=usg(10;6)=usg(6;4)=usg(4;2)=2.
maSasadame, usg(904; 162)=2.
amrigad, mocemuli ori ricxvidan met ricxvs vyofT naklebze. Semdeg am
nakleb ricxvs vyofT wina gayofisas miRebul naSTze (Tu es naSTi nuli ar
aris) da am process vagrZelebT uka
nasknel aranulovan naSTamde. swored es
ukanaskneli aranulovani naSTi aris mocemuli ricx
vebis udidesi saerTo
gamyofi.

25

***
gTavazobT formulas, romelic erTmaneTTan akavSirebs ori ricxvis udides
sa
er
To gamyofsa da amave ricxvebis umcires saerTo jerads:

ab

usj(a;b)=
.

usg (a; b)

magaliTad, vTqvaT,
a=140, b=110. usg(140;110)=10; usj(a;b)=1540.
ab=140110=101540=usg(140;110)usj(140;110).
moviyvanoT dasabuTebis sqema. vTqvaT, raime p martivi ricxvi a ricxvis martiv mamravlebad daSlaSi a xarisxSia, b ricxvis martiv mamravlebad daSlaSi
- b xarisxSi. maSin, cxadia, ab namravlSi es ricxvi a+b xarisxSia. vTqvaT,
ab. maSin p ricxvi usg (a;b)-Si Sedis a xarisxSi, usj(a;b)-Si - b xarisxSi,
maT namravlSi - (a+b) xarisxSi (aq SeiZleba moxdes, rom a=0).
aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ab=usj(a;b)usg(a;b).

a
SearCieT swori pasuxi

SearCieT swori pasuxi:
1 Tu 37x martivi ricxvia, maSin x=
1) 2 2) 0 3) 3 4) 1.
2 ricxvi 1
1) Sedgenili ricxvia 2) martivi ricxvia
3) arc martivi ricxvia da arc Sedgenili
4) martivi ricxvicaa da Sedgenilic.
3 umciresi kenti martivi ricxvia
1) 3 2) 2 3) 5 4) 7.
4 udidesi orniSna martivi ricxvia
1) 98 2) 97 3) 96 4) 99.
5 udidesi orniSna Sedgenili ricxvia
1) 98 2) 97 3) 100 4) 99.
6 ramdeni gamyofi aqvs yovel martiv ricxvs?
1) ori
2) sami 3) erTi

4) oTxi.

7 Tu Sedgenili ricxvi ori gansxvavebuli martivi ricxvis namravlia,

maSin mas aqvs mxolod
1) ori gamyofi 2) sami gamyofi
3) oTxi gamyofi 4) erTi gamyofi.

26

8 Tu Sedgenili ricxvi raime martivi ricxvis kubia, maSin misi

gamyofebis odenobaa
1) ori
2) sami 3) oTxi 4) xuTi.
9 CamoTvlili winadadebebidan romelia swori?
1) nebismieri ori martivi ricxvis jami martivi ricxvia
2) nebismieri ori martivi ricxvis jami Sedgenili ricxvia
3) nebismieri ori martivi ricxvis namravli martivi ricxvia
4) nebismieri ori martivi ricxvis namravli Sedgenili ricxvia.
10 usg(48;96)=
1) 48

2) 96 3) 24 4) 32.

11 usg(14;7)=
1) 14

2)7 3) 1 4) 28.

12 usg(62;63)=
1) 2

2) 62 3) 63 4) 1.

13 SearCieT araswori debuleba.

1) yoveli Sedgenili ricxvi iSleba martiv mamravlebad
2) ori naturaluri ricxvi urTierTmartivia, Tu maTi udidesi
saerTo gamyofi aris 1
3) Tu naturaluri ricxvi 0-iT bolovdeba, maSin mas ara aqvs martivi gamyofi
4) martiv mamravlebad daSlisas SeiZleba gamoviyenoT gayofadobis
niSani.
14 ipoveT usg(45;72).
1) 3 2) 9 3) 18 4) 8.
15 SearCieT swori debuleba.
1) nebismieri ori luwi ricxvi urTierTmartivia
2) yoveli ori ricxvi - luwi da kenti, urTierTmartivia
3) arsebobs ori luwi martivi ricxvi
4) yoveli ori momdevno naturaluri ricxvi urTierTmartivia.
16 Tu usg(a; b)=a, maSin
1) a metia b-ze 2) b iyofa a-ze

3) b ar iyofa a-ze.

17 Tu a metia b-ze da a iyofa b-ze, maSin a da b ricxvebis umciresi

saerTo jeradia
1) b 2) a 3) 2a
4) 3a.
18 Tu raime a da b naturaluri ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofi
aris 1, maSin usj(a; b)=
1) 2ab
2) a+b 3) ab+1 4) ab.
19 ipoveT usj(42; 16).
1) 2 2) 336 3) 72 4) 168.

27

20 123454321 iyofa 11111-ze. am ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradia

1) 11111
2) 123454321 3) 1111 4) 246908642.
21 usj(17; 3)=
1) 17

2) 3 3) 1 4) 51.

22 ori ricxvis umciresi saerTo jeradi

1) naklebia TiToeul mocemul ricxvze
2) ar aris naklebi arcerT mocemul ricxvze
3) naklebia mocemuli ricxvebidan udidesze.
23 ra umciresi sigrZe SeiZleba hqondes Toks, rom misi daWra SeiZlebodes 6m sigrZis naWrebadac da 4 m sigrZis naWrebadac.
1) 24 m
2) 12 m 3) 18 m 4) 48 m.
3
5
24 16 -isa da 24 -is umciresi saerTo mniSvnelia
1) 24 2) 16 3) 48 4) 96.
25 5, 6 da 7-is umciresi saerTo jeradia:
1) 420
2) 210 3) 1 4) 7.
26 4, 10, 12 da 15-is umciresi saerTo jeradia:
1) 4 2) 3 3) 30 4) 60.
27 CamoTvlili ricxvebidan 5-is jeradi ar aris
2) 36-1 3) 56-103.
1) 28-1
28 im martivi ricxvebis odenoba, romlebic naklebia 10-ze, aris
1) 3 2) 2 3) 4 4) 5.
29 Tu x-is 6-ze gayofisas miiReba ganayofi 8 da naSTi 1, maSin x=
1) 47 2) 48 3) 50 4) 49.
30 Tu ori naturaluri ricxvis jami kentia, maSin am ricxvebis namravli
1) kentia 2) luwia
3) iyofa 5-ze da ar iyofa 10-ze
4) SeiZleba luwic iyos da kentic.
amoxseniT amocanebi
31 sworia Tu ara, rom:
a) yoveli kenti ricxvi 3-is jeradia;
b) yoveli kenti ricxvi martivi ricxvia;
g) yoveli martivi ricxvi kentia?
32 daasaxeleT martivi ricxvebi, romlebic metia 10-ze da naklebia 40ze.
33 arsebobs Tu ara luwi ricxvi, romelic gansxvavebulia 2-sgan da
martivia?

28

34 daSaleT martiv mamravlebad:

a) 800, b) 216,

1728;
1575;

g) 343,
9225;

d) 1024,
1001.

35 warmoadgineT martivi ricxvis xarisxis an martivi ricxvebis

xarisxebis namravlis saxiT:
a) 64;
b) 200;
g) 144;
d) 256;
e) 333;
v) 348;
z) 512;
T) 100000; i) 4096; k) 250000; l) 750000.

36 ramdenjer gvxvdeba 1-dan 100-mde (CaTvliT) ricxvebis CanawerebSi
cifri 9?
37 cnobilia, rom ricxvi iyofa 5-ze da mas mxolod sami gamyofi aqvs.
ipoveT es ricxvi.
38 cnobilia, rom ricxvi 21-ze iyofa, 9-ze ki - ara; mas sul eqvsi
gamyofi aqvs. ipoveT es ricxvi.
39 vTqvaT, x naturaluri ricxvi 2-ze metia. Sedgenilia Tu martivi
misi wina da momdevno ricxvebis namravli? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
40 m metia n naturalur ricxvze 14-iT. SeadareT A da B:
B

Sedarebis Sedegi

m-10

A>B

n+20

m-10

n+10

m-7

n+7

(m+n)-is 2-ze gayofisas

miRebuli naSTi

(3m+5n)-is 2-ze gayofisas

miRebuli naSTi

m-is 7-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi

n-is 7-ze gayofisas

miRebuli naSTi

(m-n)-is 7-ze gayofisas

miRebuli naSTi

41 ipoveT:
a) usg(120; 150);
d) usg(24; 48);

b) usg(124; 93);
e) usg(62; 31);

rv

eu

l
Si

g) usg(46; 69);
v) usg(36; 21).

42 sworia Tu ara: usg(33;198)=66? pasuxi daasabuTeT.

29

43 mzrunvelobas moklebulTaTvis saaxalwlo

amanaTebisTvis SearCies 322 mandarini, 230
vaSli da sxva
da
sxva tkbileuli. ra udidesi
odenobis amanaTis Sed
ge
na SeiZleba ise, rom
amanaTebSi mandarinis erTi da igive odenoba
iyos da vaSlic Tanabrad ganawildes?
44 vTqvaT, usg(a;3b)=2. maSin SesaZlebelia, Tu ara, rom:
a) a iyos martivi ricxvi,
b) b iyos kenti ricxvi,
g) b iyos martivi ricxvi,
d) a iyos b-s toli,
e) b iyos Sedgenili?
45 p martivi ricxvia. ramdeni gamyofi aqvs:
a) p2-s, b) p3-s?
46 p da q martivi ricxvebia, pq. ramdeni gamyofi aqvs pq2-s?
47 dawereT raime ricxvi, romelsac mxolod sami gamyofi aqvs. ramdeni
aseTi ricxvi arsebobs?
48 p da q martivi ricxvebia, p>q da q>2. ipoveT:
a) usg(p, q); b) usg(p2, pq);
g) usg(p-q, 2);
d) usg(q+1, 2p).
49

kbilaniani ori diskos CaWidebis adgili moni

Snu
lia. erT-erT diskoze 60 kbilanaa, meoreze - 28. Ti
Toeuli diskos ramdeni mobrunebis Semdeg daemTxveva
maTi CaWidebis adgili moniSnuls meorejer?

50 vipovoT umciresi ricxvi, romelic 4-ze gayofisas naSTSi iZleva

3-s da amave naSTs iZleva 5-ze da 7-ze gayofis SemTxvevaSic.
4
5
51 ipoveT umciresi naturaluri ricxvi, romelic 37 da 41 wiladebze
gayofisas mTel ricxvebs gvaZlevs.
52 vTqvaT, p martivi ricxvia. ra SeiZleba iyos a da p naturaluri
ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofi da umciresi saerTo jeradi?
53 ori ricxvis udidesi saerTo gamyofi aris 9, maTi namravli 3645-ia,
am ricxvebidan umciresi 5-is jeradia. ipoveT es ricxvebi.
54 sami sportsmeni moZraobas iwyebs erTdroulad sam
wriul bilikze A wertilidan. yoveli maTgani Tavis
bilikze moZraobs 5m/wm siCqariT. bilikebis sigrZeebia
400m, 600m da 900m. moZraobis dawyebidan pirvelad ra
drois Semdeg Sexvdeba samive erTmaneTs?
55 vipovoT umciresi ricxvi, romlis 5-ze gayofisas
naSTia 2, 8-ze gayofisas - 5, 10-ze gayofisas - 7, 15-ze gayofisas - 12.

30

56 daasaxeleT umciresi ricxvi, romlis aTobiT CanawerSi monawileobs

yvela cifri 0-dan 9-mde da romelic 36-is jeradia.
57 vTqvaT, ricxvis aTobiT CanawerSi mxolod 0 da 6 cifrebi gvxvdeba.
SeiZleba Tu ara, es ricxvi iyos raime naturaluri ricxvis kvadrati?
pasuxi daasabuTeT.
58 oTxniSna ricxvi iyofa 12-ze. misi cifrTa jami 3-ia. ramdeni aseTi
ricxvi arsebobs?

j
vTqvaT, Tqvenma klasma gaimarjva erT-erT satelevizio konkursSi
da miiRo jildo - TiToeul moswavleze 1250 lari (samogzaurod).
romel qveyanas airCevdiT safrangeTs Tu italias? gaiTvaliswineT, rom gam
gzav
reba sagzuriT xdeba. sagzuris fasSi Sedis mxolod
satransporto xarjebi, kvebis da gidis momsaxureba. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi monacemebic:
italia

orkviriani 1 sagzuris fasi 950

laria.
Tqveni klasis sami moswavle
flobs italiurs.
5 Rame Tqven unda gaataroT
italielTa ojaxebSi, danarCeni axalgazrdul sazafxulo banakebSi.
5 dRis ganmavlobaSi gaCerdebiT germaniaSi.
Tqveni mogzaurobis programaSi da
ma
te
biT Sedis arCevanis gakeTeba (samisa, Semdegi oTxidan):
erT-erT restoranSi sadili
(100 lari erT moswavleze).
romis daTvaliereba (70 lari
erT moswavleze).
vatikanis daTvaliereba (100
lari).
25 lariani suveniri.

safrangeTi

samkviriani 1sagzuris fasi

1050laria.
Tqveni klasis yvela moswavle
amJamad swavlobs franguls.
sastumroSi an axalgazrdebis
saerTo sacxovrebelSi mogiwevT ga
Cereba.
4 dRe gaCerdebiT germaniaSi.
Tqveni mogzaurobis programaSi da
ma
te
biT Sedis arCevanis gakeTeba (samisa, Semdegi xuTidan):
erT-erT restoranSi sadili
(80 lari erT moswavleze).
naxevari dRiT mogzauroba pa
rizSi (20 lari erT moswavleze).
parizis disneilendis daTvali
ereba (80 lari erT moswavleze).
15 lariani suveniri.
eifelis koSkidan parizis da
Tvaliereba (30 lari erT moswavleze).

31

 SeecadeT klasSi sajarod axsnaT, ram

ganapiroba Tqveni arCevani.
geografiis saxelmZRvaneloSi (an sxva
cnobarebSi) moipoveT informacia sasaaTo
zolebis Sesaxeb. upasuxeT kiTxvebs:
romel sasaaTo zolSia Tqven mier SerCeuli qalaqi (romi an parizi)?
romel sasaaTo zolSia Tbilisi?
Tu adgilobrivi droiT 9 saaTze gamoemgzavrebiT Tqven mier samogzaurod SerCeuli qalaqidan, romel saaTze iqnebiT TbilisSi (adgilobrivi droiT)? gaiTvaliswineT mgzavrobis droc.
moqmedebs Tu ara TbilisSi amJamad zoluri
dro?
romeli mezobeli qveynis dedaqalaqSi ar moqmedebs amJamad zoluri dro?

32

1.4

simravle. qvesimravle

maTematikur termins simravles qarTul

enaSi araerTi sinonimi moeZebneba. magaliTad:
erToblioba, krebuli, nakrebi, gundi, fara, rema.
gaixseneT da moiyvaneT am sityvaTa xmarebis magaliTebi. yvela am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda `simravlis~ xmarebac. magaliTad, skolis moswavleTa
simravle, fexburTelTa simravle, cxenebis sim
ravle.
ori cxenis erTobliobaze aravin ityvis: cxe
nebis jogiao. Tumca SeiZleba ganvixiloT simrav
le, romelic mxolod ori cxenisgan Sedgeba.
simravlis magaliTebia: caze varskvlavebis si
mravle, naturalur ricxvTa simravle, cifrebis
simravle, qarTuli an
banis asoe
bis simravle, la
Tinuri anbanis asoebis sim
ravle, sko
lis bib
lioTekaSi wignebis simravle.
simravlis dasaxelebisas zustad unda iyos garkveuli is obieqtebi, romlebic simravles ekuTvnis. am obieqtebs simravlis elementebi ewodeba. erTi
da igive obieqti ar SeiZleba warmogvidges, rogorc simravlis sxvadasxva elementi.
winadadeba: `a aris A simravlis elementi~ ase Caiwereba:
vkiTxulobT: `a ekuTvnis A simravles~.

winadadeba `a ar aris A simravlis elementi~ ase Caiwereba:

vTqvaT, zari daireka da saklaso oTaxSi aravin

darCa. maSin vityviT, rom saklaso oTaxSi moswavleTa simravle carieli simravlea. carieli simravle vuwodoT simravles, ro
melsac arc erTi
elementi ar ekuTvnis.
carieli simravle erTaderTia. is simboloTi
aRvniSnoT.
zogierTi simravle sakmaod xSirad aris xolme dasaxelebuli. amitom maTTvis specialuri aRniSvnebia SerCeuli; magaliTad, N naturalur ricxvTa simravles aRniSnavs.
waikiTxeT Canawerebi, romelia maTgan swori?
1
5N, 2 N, 0,5N.
simravle sasrulia, Tu SesaZlebelia misi yvela elementis CamoTvla.
magaliTad, 12-is gamyofebis simravle SeiZleba ase CavweroT: {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}.
es simravle 6 elementisgan Sedgeba, eqvselementiani simravlea.
carieli simravlec sasruli simravlea. am simravlis elementebis odenoba
nulia.

33

simravles, romelic sasruli simravle ar

aris, usasrulo simravle ewodeba. N usasru
lo simravlea. is SeiZleba ase CavweroT:

N = { 1;2;3; ...}

aq miTiTebulia simravlis mxolod ramdenime elementi.

Tu A da B simravleebi erTi da imave elementebisgan Sedgeba, maSin maT toli simravleebi ewodeba; Sesabamisad, vwerT:

A=B

magaliTad, vTqvaT, A={2; 3; 5}, B={5; 2; 3}. maSin A=B.

Tu raime C da D simravleebi toli ar aris, vwerT:

C D

Tu A simravlis yoveli elementi B simravlis elementicaa, maSin A-s ewodeba B-s qvesimravle. Sesabamisad, vwerT:

A B

an

B A

vTqvaT, A aris erTi naturaluri ricxvis gamyofebis simravle, B _ meore

naturaluri ricxvis. ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Sesruldes piroba AB?
aris Tu ara yoveli simravle Tavisi Tavis qvesimravle?
SevajamoT: gavecaniT simravlis magaliTebs. mocemuli simravlis
qvesim
ravle aris simravle, romlis yoveli elementi
mocemul si
mravlesac ekuTvnis. cariel sim
rav
les arc
erTi elementi ar ekuTvnis; carieli simravle nebismieri
simravlis qvesimravlea.

simravleTa Teoriis fuZemdeblad germaneli maTematikosi georg kantori (1845-1918) iTvleba. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi mecnieruli Sromebi usasrulo simravleTa
TeoriaSi. georg kantori simravlis cnebis aseT aRweras
iZleva: `simravle garkveuli da erTmaneTisgan garCevadi
sagnebis nebismieri erTobliobaa~.

bevri cnobili maTematikosi simravleTa Teorias mTeli

maTematikis safuZvlad mi
iCnevs. simravleTa Teoriis bevri cneba da aRniSvna maTematikis TiTqmis yvela na
wilSi
gamoiyeneba. am cnebebsa da aRniSvnebs Cvenc xSirad viyenebT.

georg kantori

34

a
SearCieT swori pasuxi
1 Tu a aris A simravlis elementi, maSin vwerT:
1) aA
2) aA 3) aA
4) Aa.
2 Tu a ar aris A simravlis elementi, maSin vwerT:
1) aA
2) Aa 3) aA
4) aA.
1
3 mocemulia: a) 3N; b) 0N; g) 2 N; d) 1N. maTgan WeSmaritia:
1) a), b) da d) 2) mxolod a)

3) mxolod d)

4) a) da d).

4 vTqvaT, Nm-iT aRvniSneT pirveli m naturaluri ricxvis simravle.

magaliTad, N5={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. mocemulia: a) N3N; b) NN7; g) N8N;
d) N9=N.
maTgan WeSmaritia:
1) d)
2) b)
3) a) da g)
4) mxolod a).
7
3
5 A={0,6; 1; 5} da B={ 7 ; 5; 5 } ricxvTa simravleebis Sesaxeb dasaxele
bulia winadadebebi: a) AB; b) AB; g) BA; d) A=B. maTgan WeSmaritia:
1) a)
2) mxolod b)
3) mxolod d)
4) b), g) da d).
6 vTqvaT, A={1}, maSin
1) 1A 2) 1=A

3) A1

4) 1A.

7 orniSna ricxvebis simravlis is qvesimravle, romlis elementebi 11is jeradi yvela SesaZlebeli orniSna ricxvebia, aris
1) {11; 99}
2) {11; 66; 99} 3) {11; 22; 44; 66; 99}
4) {11; 22; 33; 44; 55; 66; 77; 88; 99}.
8 vTqvaT, A aris 3-is jeradi orniSna ricxvebis simravle, B ki 6-is
jeradi orniSna ricxvebis simravle. maSin
1) A aris B-s qvesimravle
2) B aris A-s qvesimravle
3) A da B simravleebi tolia.
amoxseniT amocanebi
9 weliwadis Tveebis simravleSi gamoyaviT im Tveebis qvesimravle,
romlis dReebis ricxvi aris 31.
10

ganixileT Tqveni klasis moswavleTa simravle. anbanis erTsa da ima

ve asoze dawyebuli gvaris mqone moswavleebiT erTi qvesimravle SeqmeniT. ganixileT 33-ive aso. miRebuli qvesimravleebidan:
a) romelia carieli simravle,

b) romeli Seicavs yvelaze met elements?

35

11

me-10 amocanaSi ganixileT moswavleTa saxelis pirveli asos mixedviT Sedgenili qvesimravleebi da daadgineT:
romeli qvesimravlea carieli,


romel qvesimravles ekuTvniT Tqven da kidev romeli moswavleebi
ekuTvnian am qvesimravles?
12

Tqveni klasis yvela im moswavlis simravle, romlis gvari `m~ asoTi

iwyeba SeiZleba ase Caiweros:
{x| x Tqveni klasis moswavle, romlis gvari iwyeba `m~ asoTi}.
amave wesiTaa Cawerili qvemoT moyvanili simravleebic. ipoveT simravlis yvela elementi:
a) {x| x wlis Tve, romelic iwyeba `i~ asoTi};
b) {x| x evropuli saxelmwifo, romlis dasaxeleba iwyeba `S~ asoTi};
g) {x| x Tqveni skolis maTematikis maswavlebeli};
d) {x| x 10-ze naklebi da 3-is jeradi naturaluri ricxvi};
e) {(x;y)| x, y naturaluri ricxvebi, romlebisTvisac xy=12}.
13 CawereT simravle ori sxvadasxva wesiT:
a) simravle, romlis elementebia 24-is yvela gamyofi;
b) simravle, romlis elementebia 19-is yvela gamyofi;
g) simravle, romlis elementebia 59-is yvela gamyofi;
d) simravle, romlis elementebia 18-is yvela gamyofi;
TiToeul SemTxvevaSi daasaxeleT simravleSi elementebis raodenoba.
miTiTeba. a) {x| x aris 24-is gamyofi} an {1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 8; 12; 24}.

14 CawereT simravle, romlis elementebia:
a) 50-ze naklebi martivi ricxvebi;
b) 50-ze naklebi luwi ricxvebi;

aqvs Tu ara am simravleebs saerTo elementebi?
vTqvaT, A luwi ricxvebis simravlea, B ki kenti ricxvebis simravle. SeavseT cxrili nimuSis mixedviT.

16

12

eu

aris Tu ara Semdegi simravleebi sasruli? dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi miuTiTeT am simravleSi Semavali elementebis raodenoba: a) N;
b) N3; g) N6; d) 5-ze meti da 9-ze naklebi naturaluri ricxvebis simravle.
miTiTeba. aq gamoyenebulia 4 amocanaSi SemoRebuli aRniSvnebi.

36

l
Si

3
0
2
4
5
6
7
3A

3B

rv

15

17

vTqvaT, nN, mN da n<m. wertilebis nacvlad CasviT saWiro niSani

(, , =):
a) N...Nn; b) Nn...Nm; g) Nm...N.
18

ipoveT m, Tu cnobilia, rom Nm-1 simravle cxra elementisgan Sedgeba.

19

cnobilia, rom kN da NkN7. ipoveT k-s mniSvnelobebis simravle.

20

daasaxeleT m da n ricxvTa yvela SesaZlo wyvili, Tu cnobilia, rom

mN. nN da NmNnN6.

21

vTqvaT, A aris yvela orniSna ricxvis simravle. daasaxeleT A-s

raime qvesimravle, Sedgenili yvela im orniSna ricxvisgan, romlebic
3-ze gayofisas erTsa da imave naSTs iZleva:
a) ramdeni aseTi qvesimravle arsebobs,
b) ras udris erTi romelime aseTi qvesimravlis nebismieri ori elementis sxvaobis 3-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi?
22

vTqvaT, A aris 30-is yvela gamyofis simravle, B ki 42-is yvela

gamyofis simravle. ipoveT:
a) A da B-s yvela saerTo elementis simravle;
b) im elementebis simravle, romlebic A da B simravleebidan erTerTs mainc ekuTvnis;
g) A-s yvela im elementis simravle, romlebic B-s ar ekuTvnis;
d) B-s yvela im elementis simravle, romlebic A-s ar ekuTvnis.

g
SearCieT swori pasuxi
1

212121:21=

1) 111

2) 1101

3) 10101

4) 1011.

mocemulia ricxvebi: 712, 329, 89, 954. maTgan 9-ze iyofa

1) 329
2) 89
3) 954
4) 712.
3

CamoTvlili ricxviTi gamosaxulebebidan romlis mniSvneloba

iyofa 10-ze?
1) 25.21-9.18 2) 219.9-7.213 3) 219.9+7.213 4) 25.21+19.18.
4

147*2 iyofa 7-ze. ra cifria Secvlili * niSnakiT?

1) 2
2) 3
3) 4
4) 5.

37

amoxseniT amocanebi
5

maswavlebelma 20 rveuli gaaswora, rac rveulebis saerTo raode

4
nobis 5 -ia. ramdeni rveuli darCa gasasworebeli
maswavlebels?

3
erT dRes levanma wignis 7 waikiTxa, meore
dRes _ darCenili gverdebis naxevari, mesame
dRes _ 32 gverdi da amiT wignis wakiTxva
daasrula. ramdengverdiania wigni?

cnobilia, rom a umciresi samniSna ricxvia, romlis 2-ze gayofisas

miiReba naSTi 1; 3-ze gayofisas miiReba naSTi 2; 4-ze gayofisas
_ naSTi 3; 5-ze gayofisas _ naSTi 4; 6-ze gayofisas _ naSTi 5.
ipoveT a.

38

mudmivi siCqariT moZravma velosipedistma
gzis naxevari 3 saaTSi gaiara, meore naxevari ki _
2 saaTSi, radgan siCqare gazarda 4km/sT-iT. ra
manZili gaiara velosipedistma sul?

1.5

simravleTa gaerTianeba da TanakveTa.

venis diagramebi

vTqvaT, erT-erTi klasis moswavleTa Soris zogierTi oqtomberSia dabadebuli maTi simravle aRvniSnoT A asoTi. vTqvaT, am klasis moswavleTa So
ris zogierTis gvari `g~ asoTi iwyeba _ maTi simravle aRvniSnoT B asoTi. am
skolis moswavleTa simravle aRvniSnoT M-iT.
vTqvaT, A da B simravleebs saerTo elementebi aqvs (axseniT, ras niSnavs es). Tu am simravleebs pirobiTad wreebiT
gamovsaxavT, ro
gorc amas ingliseli ma
Te
ma
tikosi jon veni
akeTebda, maSin es wreebi ikveTeba.
A da B simravleebi venis diagramiTaa gamosaxuli. am simravleebis saerTo nawili gaferadebulia, mas A da B simravleebis TanakveTa ewodeba es
aris mocemuli klasis oqtomberSi dabadebuli yvela im moswavleTa simravle,
romelTa gvari `g~ asoTi iwyeba. maSasadame,
A da B simravleebis TanakveTa aris am simravleebis yvela saerTo ele
mentis simravle, mas ase aRvniSnavT: AB.
yvela im moswavlis simravle, romelic an oqtomberSi
daibada, an romlis gvari `g~ asoTi iwyeba, qmnis A da B simravleebis gaerTianebas. suraTze A da B simravleebis ga
erTianebaa gaferadebuli. am simravles ase aRvniSnavT: AB.
AB simravle aris yvela im elementis simravle, romelic A da B simravleebidan erT-erTs mainc ekuTvnis.
axla gavixsenoT, rom A da B simravleebi M simravlis qve
sim
rav
le
ebia. venis diagramiT es sami simravle ase gamoisaxeba:
vTqvaT, aRniSnul klasSi oqtomberSi dabadebuli moswavle ar aris, maSin A= (A carieli simravlea).
ris tolia am SemTxvevaSi B, B? imedia ar gagiWirdebaT am kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema.
vTqvaT, A aris n naturaluri ricxvis gamyofebis simravle. B aris m
naturaluri ricxvis gamyofebis simravle. A da B simravleebiT warmoadgineT
simravle, romlis udidesi elementia usg(m, n).
vTqvaT, C aris n naturaluri ricxvis jeradebis simravle. D aris
m naturaluri ricxvis jeradebis simravle. sasrulia Tu usasrulo es
simravleebi? C da D simravleebiT warmoadgineT simravle, romlis umciresi
elementia usj(m; n).
SevajamoT: gavecaniT simravleebis TvalsaCinod gamosaxvis xerxs venis
diagramebs. venis diagramebiT warmovadgineT ori simravlis
gaerTianeba da TanakveTa.

39

s
ingliseli maTematikosi jon veni XIX saukunis miwurulsa da XX saukunis
da
saw
yis
Si moRvaweobda. venis diagramebis saSualebiT bevri debuleba, romelic simravleebs exeba, TvalsaCinod warmogvidgeba.
magaliTad, Tu AB da BC, maSin AC.
es debuleba suraTze TvalsaCinodaa warmodgenili.
simravleebis wris an raime sxva figuriT gamosaxvis
ideas ufro adrec iyenebdnen. magaliTad, Sveicarieli maTematikosi leonard eileri (1707-1783) da germaneli vilhelm
laibnici (1646-1716). Tumca, am meTodis dawvrilebiT gadmocema TvalsaCino
ilus
traciebiT jon vens ekuTvnis. ami
tom aRniSnul sqemebs metwilad `venis
diagramebs~ uwodeben (Tumca, SesaZloa, `eiler-venis diagramebic~ SegxvdeT).

a
SearCieT swori pasuxi

1 Tu A= da B raime simravlea, maSin AB=
1) B 2)
3) AB.
2 Tu A= da B raime simravlea, maSin AB=
1) A 2)
3) B.
3 yoveli A da B simravleebisTvis, Tu AB, maSin AB=
1) A 2) B
3) .
4 yoveli A da B simravleebisTvis, Tu AB, maSin AB=
1) A 2) B
3) .
5

suraTze daStrixulia
1) AB
2) AB

3) A

4) B.

suraTze daStrixulia
1) AB
2) A

3) B

4) AB.

7 vTqvaT, L luw ricxvTa simravlea, K kent ricxvTa simravle.

gamovsaxoT es simravleebi venis diagramiT.
1)

40

2)

3) 4)

suraTze gamosaxuli A da B simravleebis Tana

kveTa aris
1) A simravle 2) B simravle 3) .

9 vTqvaT, A aris naturaluri ricxvebis 5-ze gayofis Sedegad miRebuli naSTebis simravle, B 7-ze gayofis Sedegad miRebuli naSTebis
simravle. maSin AB=
1) {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7} 2) {1; 2; 3; 4}
3) {1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7}
4) {0; 1; 2; 3; 4}.
amoxseniT amocanebi
10 mocemulia ori simravle:
A={1; 2; 7; 9; 10; 12; 15} da B={0; 3; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 11}.
a) ipoveT AB da AB;
b) ipoveT yoveli C simravle, romelic orive mocemuli simravlis
qvesimravlea;
g) yoveli aseTi C simravlisTvis ipoveT C(AB).
11

suraTze A, B da C simravleebia gamosaxuli. daxazeT

eqvsi ase
Ti diagrama Tqvens rveulSi da mimdevrobiT
daStrixeT:
a) AB;
b) AB;
g) AC; d) BC;
e) (AB)C;
v) A(BC);
z) A(BC).
12

vTqvaT, A aris im orniSna ricxvebis simravle, romlebic iyofa 3-ze,

B im orniSna ricxvebis simravle, romlebic iyofa 7-ze. gamosaxeT es
simravleebi da maTi TanakveTa venis diagramebiT. ramdeni elementia am
TanakveTaSi?

13

ipoveT 210-isa da 231-is martiv gamyofTa simravleebis TanakveTa.

14

ipoveT 36-is gamyofebis simravlisa da 40-is gamyofebis simravlis

TanakveTa.

15

vTqvaT, A aris im orniSna ricxvebis simravle, romelTa 3-ze gayofisas naSTia 1, B im orniSna ricxvebis simravle, romelTa 3-ze gayofisas naSTSia 2. ipoveT AB. daaxasiaTeT es simravle.

16 Tqveni klasis im moswavleebis simravle, romelTac xatva exerxebaT,

iyos A, B iyos maTi simravle, vinc kargad mReris, C ki cekvis moyvarulTa simravle. gamosaxeT erToblivad es simravleebi venis diagramiT.
17 vTqvaT,

yvelas, vinc M bankSi muSaobs, hyavs sakuTari avtomobili.
avtomobilebis mflobelTa simravle aRniSneT A-Ti, M bankis TanamSromlebis simravle B-Ti. gamosaxeT es simravleebi venis diagramiT
da ipoveT
a) AB;
b) AB.
18

mocemulia simravleebi A={1; 21; 121; 15; 52; 512}, B={16; 2; 5},
C={1;21;15}, D={21; 15; 52}, E={121; 512}, F={12; 15; 25}, K={21; 121; 512; 52},
Q={512}. romelia am simravleebidan A-s qvesimravle? sworia, Tu ara,
rom:
a) BA; b) CA;
g) DA;
d) QE; e) EF; v) AQ.

41

j
1 vTqvaT, A1 aris im naturaluri ricxvebis simravle, romelTa 5-ze
gayofisas naSTSi 1 miiReba, A2 im naturaluri ricxvebis simravle,
romelTa 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi 2 miiReba, A3 im naturaluri ricxvebis simravle, romelTa 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi 3 miiReba, A4 im naturaluri ricxvebis simravle, romelTa 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi 4 miiReba.
aqvs Tu ara am simravleebs saerTo elementi?
arsebobs Tu ara naturaluri ricxvi, romelic arc erT CamoTvlil simravleSi ar Sedis?
rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT simravle A1A2A3A4 (simravle im
ricxvebisa, romlebic an A1-s ekuTvnis, an A2-s, an A3-s, an A4-s)?
rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT is naturaluri ricxvebi, romlebic arc erT CamoTvlil simravleSi ar Sedis? ra aRniSvnas SeurCevdiT am ricxvTa simravles?
warmoadgineT CamoTvlili simravleebi da naturalur ricxvTa
simravle venis diagramebiT.

2 SeadgineT wina amocanis analogiuri amocana, roca 5-is nacvlad

gvaqvs raime naturaluri n (n>2, n5) ricxvi da amoxseniT es amocana.

g
1

daalageT ricxvebi zrdis mixedviT:

5
1
2
2
1
1
2
a) 6 ; 1 2 ; 1,25; 1 3 ; 4,6; 5 . b) 2 ; 1,7; 0; 3 ; 2,3; 6,5; 3 .
2

klasSi moswavleTa 60% gogonaa; biWebis odenobaa 8.

a) klasis moswavleTa ramdeni procentia biWi?
b) ipoveT klasis moswavleTa 10%;
g) ramdeni moswavlea klasSi?
3

20-moswavlian klasSi gogonebis odenoba aris biWebis odenobis 25%.

a) ramdenjer metia am klasSi biWebis odenoba gogonebis odeno
baze?
b) ramdeni gogonaa am klasSi?
4

wignis gverdebis gadanomvras dasWirda 2292 cifri. ramdeni danom

rili furcelia wignSi? (gverdebis gadanomvra iwyeba 1-dan).

4 12 4
15 4
gamoTvaleT 45 : 25 - 15 + 16 15 .

42

1.6

geometriuli figurebi

1) wertili, wrfe, monakveTi, sxivi.

wrfeebis urTierTganlagebis SemTxvevebi

Tqven ukve icnobT mraval geometriul figuras, amitom ar gagiWirdebaT gaixsenoT im figuraTa
dasaxelebebi, romlebic suraTzea
gamosaxuli: kuTxe, samkuTxedi, wre, kvadrati.
yoveli geometriuli figura wertilebisgan Sedgeba _ wertilTa nebismieri
simravle geometriuli figuraa.
gaixseneT _ ra Tvisebis wertilTa simravlea wrewiri?
ra Tvisebis wertilTa simravlea wre?
suraTze brtyeli figurebia gamosaxuli TiToeuli figuris yoveli wertili erTsa da imave sibrtyes ekuTvnis.
sibrtyeze, an mis nawilze mainc, warmodgenas gviqmnis,
magaliTad, magidis, fanjris minis, uZravi wylis zedapiri.
sibrtye SemousazRvreli, usasrulo figuraa. suraTze
mxolod misi nawilia gamosaxuli. unda warmovidginoT, rom
sibrtye am nawilis yvela mimarTulebiT usasrulo `gagr
ZelebiT~ miiReba.
am suraTze zogierTi sivrculi figuraa gamosaxuli.

davasaxeloT isini:
kubi, marTkuTxa paralelepipedi, piramida, cilindri, konusi, birTvi.
am suraTze monakveTia gamosaxuli AB monakveTi. A da B wertilebi AB monakveTis boloebia. am boloebis mqone mxolod erTi monakveTi arsebobs da is
suraTzea gamosaxuli. es monakveTi SeiZleba aRvniSnoT rogorc AB, ise BA
saxis CanaweriT.
wertilebi, romlebic monakveTs ekuTvnis da ar emTxveva boloebs, monakveTis Siga wertilebia.
C wertili AB monakveTis Siga wertilia. igi A-sa
da B-s Sorisaa.
rveulis furcelze monakveTi umjobesia saxazavis saSualebiT gamosaxoT
(gaavloT).

43

saxlis saZirkvlis Cayrisas, ezos Se

mo
Robvisas da sxva miznebisTvis xSirad gvWir
deba monakveTis gamosaxva. winaswar moniSnul
wer
tilebSi CavarWobT or palos da maTze
gavWimavT Toks. To
kis gaswvriv carcis, sa
Re
bavis an raime wvetiani xelsawyos sa
Sua
lebiT movniSnavT monakveTis gamosaxulebas.
am SemTxvevaSi xSirad vambobT swori xazi
gavavleTo.
vTqvaT, gvsurs SedarebiT grZeli mo
nakveTis gamosaxva. gvaqvs paloebis sakmarisi odenoba, mag
ram Tokis sigrZe ar
gvyofnis.
daakvirdiT suraTs da aRwereT, rogor
xdeba monakveTis gamosaxva am SemTxvevaSi.
am suraTze B wertili AC monakveTis Siga wertilia.
SeiZleba vTqvaT: AC monakveTi miviReT AB-s `gagrZelebiT~ B wertilis mxares. AB monakveTis usazRvrod
gagrZelebiT B-s mxares miiReba sxivi AB sxivi.
A wertili AB sxivis saTavea. BA sxi
vis saTave B
wertilia.
AB-s gagrZelebiT usazRvrod orive mxares miiReba wrfe AB wrfe, romelic A da B wertilebze gadis. raime sibr
t
yis yovel or wertilze
erTaderTi wrfe gadis. es wrfe am sibrtyeze mdebareobs (sibrtyeze Zevs).
aq A da B wertilebze gamavali wrfe a asoTi
aRvniSneT.
a wrfe wertilTa simravlea, A da B wertilebi
am simravles ekuTvnis. gaixseneT da CawereT es faqti (elementi ekuTvnis simravles).

2) wrfeebis da sibrtyeebis urTierTganlagebis SemTxvevebi

suraTze erT sibrtyeze mdebare sami wrfea gamosaxuli: a, b da c. amasTanave, a da c wrfeebi ikveTeba, isini
gadamkveTi wrfeebia. M wertili a da c wrfeebis saerTo
wertilia wrfeTa gadakveTis wertilia.
aris Tu ara b da c gadamkveTi wrfeebi? Tu aris, ra
wertilSi ikveTeba es wrfeebi?
Tu erT sibrtyeze mdebare a da b wrfeebs saerTo wertili ara aqvs, maSin
am wrfeebs paraleluri wrfeebi ewodeba da vwerT: a||b.

44

suraTze erT sibrtyeze mdebare a wrfe da M

wertilia gamosaxuli, Ma, anu, M wertili ar ekuTvnis a wrfes. M wertilze amave sibrtyeze mdebare
ramdenime wrfea gavlebuli. maTgan mxolod er
Ti
SeiZleba iyos a wrfis paraleluri. yvela sxva wrfe
a wrfes kveTs.
sibrtyis wertilze, romelic mocemul wrfes ar ekuTvnis gadis am
wrfis paraleluri erTaderTi wrfe.

maSasadame, ori wrfe paraleluria, Tu isini erT sibrtyeze mdebareobs da maT saerTo wertili ara aqvs.
m||n
suraTze TqvenTvis nacnobi sivrculi figura marTkuTxa paralelepipedia gamosaxuli. gavixsenoT, rom AA1,
AB da AD monakveTebi misi wiboebia. daasaxeleT sxva wiboepedis wveroebia. daasaxeleT
bi. A, A1, B, C1 am paralelepi
sxva wveroebi. AA1D1D marTkuTxedi misi erT-erTi waxnagia.
daasaxeleT sxva marTkuTxedebi waxnagebi.
warmovidginoT AA1 da BB1 wrfeebi. pirveli maTgani A da
A1 wertilebze gadis, meore B da B1-ze. es wrfeebi erT
sibrtyeze mdebareobs. amasTanave, am wrfeebs saerTo wertili ara aqvs, isini
paraleluri wrfeebia: AA1||BB1. AA1 da B1D1 wrfeebsac ara aqvs saerTo wertili,
magram isini sxvadasxva sibrtyeze mdebareobs isini paraleluri wrfeebi ar
aris acdenili wrfeebia. da
asaxeleT sxva wrfeebi, romlebic paraleluri
ar aris da erT sibrtyeze ar mdebareobs. warmovidginoT sibrtyeebi, romlebic ABCD da A1B1C1D1 waxnagebze gadis. am sibrtyeebs saerTo wertili ara aqvs
isini paraleluri sibrtyeebia. ABCD da AA1B1B waxnagebze gamavali sibrtyeebi ki ikveTeba isini AB wrfeze ikveTeba.
D1C1 wrfe AA1B1B sibrtyis paralelur sibrtyezea, D1C1 wrfes ara aqvs saerTo wertili AA1B1B-sTan, D1C1 paraleluria AA1B1B sibrtyis, xolo D1B1 wrfe
kveTs AA1B1B sibrtyes B1 wertilSi.
SevajamoT: gavixseneT zogierTi brtyeli da
sivrculi figura. ganvi
xileT wrfe
ebisa da sibrtyeebis urTierTgan
lagebis SemTxvevebi. magaliTad, a
wrfes ara aqvs saerTo wertili si
brtyesTan, a paraleluria -si, a||.
b wrfe ki kveTs sibrtyes M wer
tilSi.

45

s
Zveli welTaRricxvis IV-III saukuneebSi moRvawe didi
berZeni geometri evklide ase `gansazRvravda~ wertils:
`wertili aris is, rasac na
wi
lebi ara aqvs~.
evklide

giorgi nikolaZe

zogierTi maTematikuri cnebis Se
sa
bamisi qarTuli
terminebis SemoRebasa da damkvidrebaze zrunva Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis pirveli dReebidanve
daiwyo. saqmes saTaveSi giorgi nikolaZe (1888-1931) Caudga. am muSobis Sedegia ara marto maTe
ma
tikuri terminebis
(wrfe, wertili, wrewiri, wiri, ...), aramed sxva araerTi
terminis SemoRebac. magaliTad: wneva, deni, tanvarjiSi,
mTamsvleloba da a.S.

1. ramdeni saerTo wertili SeiZleba hqondes or wrfes?

2. ra SemTxvevaSi ewodeba or wrfes gadamkveTi wrfeebi?

3. ra geometriuli figuraa gadamkveTi wrfeebis saerTo nawili?

4. ra geometriuli figuraa monakveTi, sxivi? aRwereT maTi saerTo
da ganmasxvavebeli Tvisebebi.

5. ra ewodeba wertils, romliTac aris sxivi SemosazRvruli?

6. sworia Tu ara, rom

sxivi aris wrfe, romelsac aqvs saTave da bolo;

sxivi aris monakveTi, romelsac mxolod erTi bolo aqvs;

monakveTi aris wrfe, romelic ori wertiliTaa SemosazRvruli;

monakveTi wrfis nawilia.

7. SeiZleba Tu ara AB monakveTi ase CavweroT: BA monakveTi?

8. suraTze AB sxivia gamosaxuli. SeiZleba Tu

ara is asec CavweroT: BA sxivi.

9. furcelze moniSnulia C da D wertilebi. vTqvaT, mariamma gaavlo
CD wrfe, ninikom _ DC wrfe. sxvadasxvaa es wrfeebi?

46

a
SearCieT swori pasuxi

1 risgan Sedgeba yoveli geometriuli figura?
1) monakveTisgan 2) wertilebisgan
3) wrfeebisgan.
2 vTqvaT, N-iT raime wertilia aRniSnuli, a asoTi wrfe. ras niSnavs Canaweri: Na?
1) a wrfe ar gadis N wertilze 2) N wrfe gadis a wertilze
3) a wrfe gadis N wertilze
4) N ar aris a wrfis wertili.
3 vTqvaT, M wertilia, b wrfe. ras niSnavs Canaweri: Mb?
1) M wrfe gadis b wertilze 2) M aris b wrfis wertili
3) b wrfe ar gadis M wertilze 4) b wrfe gadis M wertilze.
4 nebismier or wertilze gadis
1) ori wrfe 2) sami wrfe
3) uamravi wrfe 4) erTaderTi wrfe.
5 ori wrfis gadakveTis wertilia is wertili, romelic
1) mxolod erT-erT wrfes ekuTvnis
2) mocemul wrfeTagan arc erTs ar ekuTvnis
3) orive mocemul wrfes ekuTvnis.
6

Tu M wertili marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
AA1 wibos ekuTvnis, maSin is ekuTvnis
1) A1B1C1D1 waxnags
2) ABCD waxnags
3) AA1B1B da AA1D1D waxnagebs
4) BB1C1C da DD1C1C waxnagebs.

7 warmodgenili marTkuTxa paralelepipedis A

wverodan `gamosuli~ wiboebia
1) AA1, AB, AC da AD
2) AA1, AB da AD
3) mxolod AB da AD
4) mxolod AA1 da AD.
amoxseniT amocanebi

8 suraTze gamosaxuli geometriuli figurebidan romelia brtyeli?

47

9 suraTze gamosaxulia a wrfe da wertilebi.

daasaxeleT wertilebi, romlebic:
a) a wrfes ekuTvnis;
b) a wrfes ar ekuTvnis.
10

gaavleT a wrfe, aRniSneT M da K wertilebi, romlebic ekuTvnis a

wrfes, E da F wertilebi, romlebic ar ekuTvnis a wrfes.

11

sibrtyeze moniSneT M da N wertilebi. gaavleT a wrfe ise, rom Ma

da Na. b wrfe ki gaavleT ise, rom Mb da Nb.

12

suraTis mixedviT: a) daasaxeleT wrfe, romelic gadis A da B wertilebze;

b) daasaxeleT wrfe, romelic gadis A wertilze, B wertilze ki ara;
g) daasaxeleT wertilebi, romlebic ar ekuTvnis a wrfes;
d) daasaxeleT wertilebi, romlebic ar ekuTvnis arc a da arc b wrfes;
e) daasaxeleT wertilebi, romlebic am wrfeTagan erT-erTs mainc
ekuTvnis;
v) daasaxeleT wertilebi, romlebic am wrfeTagan mxolod erTs
ekuTvnis;
z) wina kiTxvebis pasuxebis mixedviT SeavseT cxrili:
ar ekuTvnis a wrfes
ar ekuTvnis b wrfes

mxolod erT wrfes ekuTvnis

eu

13

SeasruleT naxazi: sibrtyeze moniSneT A da B wertilebi. gaavleT

a wrfe, romelic gadis A wertilze, B-ze ki ara. gaavleT b wrfe,
romelic B wertilze gadis, A-ze ki ara. gaavleT c wrfe, romelic
gadis A da B wertilebze.

14

sibrtyeze moniSneT A, B, C wertilebi da gaavleT a, b, c wrfeebi

ise, rom Sesruldes Semdegi pirobebi: Aa, Ba, Bb, Cb, Ac, Cc.

15

vTqvaT, mocemulia a da b sxvadasxva wrfeebi. SeiZleba Tu ara am

wrfeebs ori an meti saerTo wertili hqondes?

48

Si

erT-erT wrfes mainc ekuTvnis

rv

ar ekuTvnis arc a-s da arc b-s

16

suraTze marTkuTxa paralelepipedia gamo

saxuli. aq moniSnul wertilTagan romeli:
a) ekuTvnis ABCD marTkuTxedis sibrtyes;
b) ar ekuTvnis ABCD marTkuTxedis sibrtyes;
g) ekuTvnis A1B1C1D1 marTkuTxedis sibrtyes;
d) ar ekuTvnis AA1B1B marTkuTxedis sibrtyes?
17

warmodgenili marTkuTxa paralelepipedis

moniSnul wertilebze gamaval wrfeTagan rome
li:
a) mdebareobs ABCD marTkuTxedis sibrtye
ze;
b) kveTs ABCD marTkuTxedis sibrtyes;
g) mdebareobs AA1C1C marTkuTxedis sibrtyeze;
d) kveTs BB1D1D marTkuTxedis sibrtyes?

18 warmodgenili suraTis mixedviT ipoveT:

a) moniSnul wertilebze gamaval paralelur wrfeTa ramdenime wyvili;
b) moniSnul wertilebze gamaval acdenil
wrfeTa ramdenime wyvili;
g) wrfe, romelzec ikveTeba ABCD da AA1B1B
marTkuTxedebis sibrtyeebi;
d) wrfe, romelzec ikveTeba AA1C1C da
BB1D1D marTkuTxedebis sibrtyeebi;
e) paralelur sibrtyeTa sami wyvili;
v) gadamkveT sibrtyeTa sami wyvili gadakveTis wrfeebis miTiTebiT.
suraTze gamosaxuli piramidis mixedviT SeavseT cxrili.

acdenil wrfeTa wyvilebi

im sibrtyeTa wyvili, romlebic

ikveTeba BC wrfeze

eu

l
Si

saerTo wertilis mqone

wrfeTa wyvilebi

rv

19

im sibrtyeTa wyvili, romlebic

ikveTeba AM wrfeze
20

suraTze marTkuTxa paralelepipedia gamosaxuli. daasaxeleT:

a) ABCD marTkuTxedis sibrtyis paraleluri
sami wrfe;
b) BB1D1D marTkuTxedis sibrtyis paraleluri
wrfe;

49

 g) AB1C1D marTkuTxedis sibrtyis paraleluri ori wrfe;

d) AD wrfis paraleluri sami sibrtye;
e) sibrtye, romelic DC1 wrfis paraleluria da gadis AB wiboze;
v) sibrtye, romelic DD1 wrfis paraleluria da gadis AA1 wiboze;
z) sibrtye, romelic BC wrfis paraleluria da gadis B1D wrfeze.
21

ramdennairad SeiZleba suraTze warmodgenili AB

wrfis dasaxeleba?

22

23

wrfeze moniSnuli 10 wertili asoebiTaa aRniSnuli. ramdennairad

SeiZleba am wrfis dasaxeleba?

24

ramdennairad SeiZleba am AB sxivis dasa

xeleba?

25

50

ramdennairad SeiZleba suraTze warmodge

nili AB wrfis dasaxeleba?

ramdeni sxvadasxva sxivia gamosaxuli su

raTze?