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Interpolation

The document discusses polynomial interpolation methods, including Lagrange interpolation, which finds coefficients of a polynomial to match given data points, and Newton's divided difference interpolation method, which has the advantage that data points need not be equally spaced. An example applies Lagrange interpolation of the first and second order to evaluate a function at a given point using three data points.

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96 views

Interpolation

The document discusses polynomial interpolation methods, including Lagrange interpolation, which finds coefficients of a polynomial to match given data points, and Newton's divided difference interpolation method, which has the advantage that data points need not be equally spaced. An example applies Lagrange interpolation of the first and second order to evaluate a function at a given point using three data points.

Uploaded by

mtarequeali5836
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Faculty of Applied Engineering and

Urban Planning
Civil Engineering Department
ECGD3110
Numerical Analysis

Polynomial Interpolation
Lecture 13
1st Semester 2009/2010
1

UoP Copyrights 2009

Definition
Interpolation is the process of finding equations
to approximate straight lines and curves that
best fit given sets of data.

From Dr. Arafa Lecture Notes

Polynomial Interpolation
For a given set of N + 1 data points
{(x0, y0), (x1, y1), . . . , (xN, yN)},
we want to find the coefficients of an Nth-degree
polynomial function to match them:

Why polynomials?!!
4

Lagrange Interpolating
The coefficients can be obtained by solving the
following system of equations:

Polynomial Interpolation
Lagrange Interpolating Polynomials
Newtons divided-difference interpolating
polynomials
Spline Interpolation

Lagrange Interpolating
Lagrange Interpolating takes the following general
formula:
f N (x)

Linear Interpolation

Quadratic Interpolation
For 3 points of data

Example
Use a Lagrange interpolating polynomial of the first
and second order to evaluate f(2) on the basis of the
data:
x0 = 1
x1 = 4
x2 = 6

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f(x0) = 0
f(x1) = 1.386294
f(x2) = 1.791760

.Example cont

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.Example cont

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.Example cont
These values were taken by substitution into
equation f(x) = ln(x):
x0 = 1 f(x0) = ln(1) = 0
x1 = 4 f(x1) = ln(4) = 1.386294
x2 = 6 f(x2) = ln(6) = 1.791760
f(2) = ln(2) = 0.693147
f1(2) = 0.462098
f2(2) = 0.565844
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.Example cont

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Newtons Divided Difference


Interpolation Method
This method, has the advantage that the values x0,
x1, x2, , xn need not be equally spaced, or taken in
consecutive order. It uses the formula:

where f(x0, x1), f(x0, x1, x2), and f(x0, x1, x2, x3) are
the first, second, and third divided differences
respectively.
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Newtons Divided Difference


Interpolation Method
Use Newtons divided-difference method to compute
f(2) from the experimental data shown in the
following table:

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