CONFIDENTIAL ial EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE : FLUID MECHANICS II COURSE CODE : MEC442/KJM492 EXAMINATION JUNE 2014 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 This question paper consists of two (2) parts: PART A (5 Questions) PART B (3 Questions) 2 ‘Answer ALL questions from PART A and any two (2) questions from PART 8 in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3 Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4 Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of i) the Question Paper ji) an Answer Booklet — provided by the Faculty i) a Graph Paper provided by the Faculty iv) athree — page Appendix 1 DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologl MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 2 EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 PART A (Answer ALL questions in PART A) QUESTION 1 A nozzle for a supersonic wind tunnel is required to provide a 150 mm diameter test section with a steady air flow at Mach 1.7. The air will come from a large reservoir where its temperature is 100 °C and the test section is to operate at atmospheric pressure. Assuming isentropic flow throughout the test section, determine: a) the required air pressure in the reservoir, b) the nozzle throat area, and ©) the air mass flow rate. (12 marks) QUESTION 2 The inner and outer diameters of an inward flow reaction turbine are 2 m and 2.75 m respectively. The turbine is running at 250 rpm and rate of flow of water through the turbine is 5 m*/s. The width of the runner is constant at inlet and outlet which is equal to 250 mm. The head on the turbine is 150 m. Neglecting thickness of the vanes and taking discharge is radial at outlet, determine: a) Vane angles at inlet and outlet, and b) Velocity of flow at inlet and outlet. (12 marks) QUESTION 3 Consider steady, incompressible, parallel and laminar flow of a viscous fluid falling between two infinite vertical walls as shown in Figure Q3. The distance between the walls is h, and gravity acts in the negative z-direction. There is no applied pressure driving the flow. The pressure is constant everywhere in the flow field. Determine the velocity field and sketch the velocity profile for the fiuid flow. (12 marks) (© HakCiptaUniversitiTeknotog! MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL 3 EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 Fixed Fluid: wall Py fe a »— Figure Q3 QUESTION 4 A horizontal uniform flow (from right to left), V = 10 m/s is combined with a source of My ¥ strength, 1 at the origin in a two-dimensional flow so that a stagnation point occurs at coordinate (2, 0). Determine: a) the value of the source strength, and b) the equation for stream function and velocity potential in terms of location x and y. (12 marks) QUESTION 5 The velocity profile in a laminar boundary layer on a flat plate may be modeled by a cubic equation u wn + bry + bay? + bay? Where u is the local velocity at perpendicular distance y from the wall and Us is free stream velocity. a) Prove that by and bz are equal to zero and evaluate the constants b; and bs in terms of boundary layer thickness, 8. b) Show that the momentum thickness 6 = 398/280. (12 marks) (© HakCiptaUniversitiTeknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 4 EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 PART B (Answer only two (2) questions in PART B) QUESTION 1 a) A normal shock wave is standing at a location inside the diverging portion of a supersonic nozzle which has a throat diameter of 60 mm. The mass flow rate through the nozzle is 0.35 kg/s. If the air properties just before the normal shock wave are 225 K and 400 mis, determine the following properties after the shock wave i) Mach number ii) Temperature ili) Pressure iv) Velocity Sketch your result for pressure and Mach number along the nozzle. b) What will happen to the shock wave if the back pressure is reduced gradually? (20 marks) QUESTION 2 ‘An incompressible, viscous fluid is placed between two vertical, infinite, parallel plates as shown in Figure Q2. The two plates move in opposite directions with constant velocities V, and V2, The pressure gradient in the x-direction is zero, and gravity acts in the negative x-direction. Assuming laminar flow, derive an expression for the velocity distribution between the plates. (20 marks) te fe vw Figure Q2 ‘© HakCiptaUniversitiTeknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 5 EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 QUESTION 3 Water is to be pumped from one large reservoir to another large reservoir as shown in Figure Q3. The pipe diameter is 15 cm and the total length of the pipe is 60 m. Minor loss coefficients for the entrance, exit and the elbow are shown in the Figure Q3, and the friction factor can be assumed constant and equal to 0.02. A pump with characteristics as tabulated in Table Q3 will be used in the pipe system. pa a Pump vi {io KL=0.5 Figure Q3 For the above system, determine the operating flow rate, pump head and power input (if the efficiency is 75%). Table Q3 Flow rate (m°/s) 0 | 0.075 | 0.15 | 0.225 | 03 | 0.375 Head (m) 122.5 | 122.2 | 121.6 | 1195 | 114.1 | 100 [Take density of water, Pwate = 1000 kg/m”) (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER (© HakCiptaUniversitiTeknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(1) EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 FORMULA LIST Continuity: ele Navier-Stokes Equation: x-component: y-component: z-component: Continuity and NSE in Cylindrical Coordinates ofr.) 1 ae 4 Sas, 0 raters OO Laon (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(2) EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 ‘Stream function: og Velocity potential: ya y Compressible Flow: = ret Isentropic flow: 22 =1+( =! \ 4a? A (he i 2 PAT 0s(e) 1 {(_2 k=1) yg? = = |Me walle) * 2 ) a _ (e=1)Ma? +2 1+Ma? (k-1)/2 ‘Shock Wave: Ma; = 4,7 2 DaMa—(k-1) oT, 1+ Mai(k-1)/2 (P, _1+kMay Pp, 1+kMa; Flat Plate Boundary Layer stearate} Laminar Flat Plate Boundary Layer ~ BlasiusSolution (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX 4(3) EM/JUN 2014/MEC442/KJM492 Empirical Correlation for Flat Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer: 0.455 1700 =———Sa -=— _ [Transition at Re, = 500,000] °° (logRe, "Re 0.455 pe {Turbulent from leading edge] (log Re, do Karman Momentum Integral: C Turbomachines Centrifugal Pumps : wrsi=(240°) A PB 28 uy PB hy =*uya ava) Impulse Turbine Francis Turbine (© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL,