Scribd
Upload
18 views13 pages

1 Int

An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements. To transfer energy from one point to another. Basic concepts: charge. Current. Voltage. Power. Circuit Elements. Energy.

Uploaded by

Faruque shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views13 pages

1 Int

An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements. To transfer energy from one point to another. Basic concepts: charge. Current. Voltage. Power. Circuit Elements. Energy.

Uploaded by

Faruque shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Chapter 1

Basic Concepts

Introduction

An electric circuit is an interconnection of


electrical elements.

Functions:

To transfer energy from one point to another.

Basic concepts:

Charge.
Current.
Voltage.
Power.
Circuit elements.
Energy.

11/18/15

Charge q(t)

Basic quantity in an electric circuit.

Defined as an electrical property of materials.

Positive and negative charges move in


different direction.

Exist as negative (electron) and positive (proton)


charges.
Measured in Coulombs (C).
1 electron = -1.602*10-19C.

Creates electric current.


Consider electric current as movement of positive
charge.

Charge may be constant/varying.

11/18/15

Current i(t)

Defined as the charge flow rate.

Measured in Ampere (A).

Current may be constant/varying.

11/18/15

Voltage v(t)

Defined to be the charge rate of doing


work.

Energy required to move a unit charge


through an element.

Measured in volts (V).

Voltage may be constant/varying.

11/18/15

Power p(t)

Defined to be the time rate of doing work.

Power can be absorbed or supplied by circuit


elements.

Measured in watts (W).

Positive power element absorbs power.


Negative power element supplies power.
Sign determined by voltage and current.

An ideal circuit:

Psupplied + Pabsorbed = 0.

11/18/15

Energy

Defined as the capacity to do work.

Measured in joules (J).

11/18/15

Circuit Elements

An element is the basic building block of a


circuit.

Electric circuit is interconnecting of the


elements.

Types of elements:

Active elements Capable of generating energy


(i.e. batteries, generators).
Passive elements Absorbs energy (i.e. resistors,
capacitors and inductors).
Voltage and current sources the most important
active elements.

11/18/15

Source

Divided into:

Constant voltage source:

Independent source Does not depend to


other elements to supply voltage or current.
Dependent source Reverse of
independent.

Voltage same for all elements.

Constant current source:

Current same throughout the circuits.

11/18/15

Examples

Determine the current


flowing through an
element if the charge
flow is given by
q(t)=(9t2+2t-2)C.

Find the charge q(t)


flowing through a device
if the current
(i(t))=(2t+5) mA and
q(0)=0.

The charge entering a


certain element is shown
below. Determine current
at:

11/18/15

t= 1 ms
t= 6 ms
t= 10ms

Examples

Given the graph,


plot the
corresponding
current.

Calculate total
charge that pass
through an element
at:

t = 1s
t = 3s
t = 5s

11/18/15

Examples

Find the power absorbed by each of the


elements.

11/18/15

Measuring Instruments

Ammeter
Voltmeter
Wattmeter

11/18/15

You might also like