PANCHLAXMI

COMPUTER SOLUTION WHERE FUTURE BEGINS . . .

MAIN TONK ROAD KHERDA SAWAI MADHOPUR (Raj.) 9001837660

[email protected]
PANCHLAXMI COMPUTER SOLUTION (SAWAI MADHOPUR)

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OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE

The course has been designed to provide an introduction to Information Technology

and IT Tools. The student woll become IT Literate and will understand the basic IT

terminology. The student will be able to understand the role of information technology and

more specifically computers, communication technology and software in the present social

and economic scenario.

OUTLINE OF COURSE

Unit No. CHAPTER NAME Contents Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION OF 1. An introduction of computer

COMPUTER a. Development of computer
b. Computer generations
c. Classification of computer
d. Advantages and disadvantages of
computers
e. Use of computer
2. Hardware and software
a. Computer hardware
b. Structure of computer
c. Programming languages
d. Program
e. Software
f. Language translater
g. Generation of languages
3. INPUT –OUTPUT DEVICE
a. Input Devices
i. Key Board
ii. Mouse
iii. MICR
iv. OCR
v. OMR
vi. Scanner
vii. Bar Code Reader
viii. Touch Screen
ix. Joy Stick
x. Light Pen
xi. Sound or Voice recorder
b. Outpou Devices
i. Monitor
ii. Printer
iii. Plotter
4. COMPUTER MEMORY
a. Measurement unit
b. Types of memory
c. Types of main memory
d. Types of secondary memory

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i. Magnetic tape
ii. Magnetic disk
iii. Hard disk
iv. Floppy disk
v. CD-Rom
vi. Ereasable optical disk
e. Cache memory
5. Internal data repersentation
a. Binary
b. Octal
c. Decimal
d. Hexa decimal
6. Data processing concepts
a. Data
i. Information
b. Quality of information
c. Value of information
d. Data processing
e. Steps of data processing
f. Mode of dataprocessing
g. Need of information
h. File organization

2. OPERATING SYSTEM 1. MS-DOS

a. Organization of DOS
b. Different DOS Version
c. File and File name
d. Main files of MS-DOS
e. DOS Command
i. Internal DOS command
Date,Time,CLS,DIR,MD,CD,RD,DEL,Copy con,
copy, type, ren, ver,prompt, vol, path.
ii. External DOS command
CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, FORMAT, UNDELETE,
XCOPY, BACKUP, RESTORE, DELTREE,
SCANDISK, SETVERSION, MORE, MOVE, SORT,
TREE, DISKCOMP, LABEL.
2. MICROSOFT WINDOS
a. GUI
b. Introduction to windows
c. Windows version
d. Hardware requirement
e. Windows Installation
f. Loading windows
Desktop, Task Bar, icon, Pointer
g. Paint
i. Tool bar
Free from select, Select, Eraser, Fill with colour, Pick
colour, Magnifier, Pencil, Brush, Spray, Text, Line,
Curve, Rectangle, Polygon, Ellipse, Rounded
rectangle
ii. Menu bar
File, Image, Edit, Option, view
h. Explorer
File, edit, view, tools
i. Accessories

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i. Calculator
ii. Control panel
iii. Display setting
iv. Notepad
v. Character map
vi. Entertainment
vii. Tools
a. Recycle bin
b. task bar
c. start button
shut down, Run, Help,
search, setting,
document,program.
viii. Icon & Shortcut
3. MS. OFFICE 1. MS-WORD-introduction
i. Capabilities of word
a. Editing
b. Formatting
c. Printing
d. Saving
e. Spell checking
f. Graphics
g. Interface
h. Short hand
i. Auto correct
j. Mail merge
ii. Starting MS-Word
iii. Environment of MS-word
a. Title bar
b. Menu bar
c. Standered tool bar
d. Formatting tool
bar
e. Ruler
f. Status bar
g. View button
h. Navigation word
iv. Word MENU
i. File
ii. Edit
iii. View
iv. Insert
v. Format
vi. Tools
vii. Table
viii. window
2. MS-EXCEL
i. Capabilities of excel
a. GUI
b. recalculation
c. Function
d. Copy & Move
e. Window
f. Editing
g. Save & Load
h. Data Base

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i. Graph
ii. Starting MS-Excel
iii. Environment of MS-Excel
a. Title bar
b. Standered tool bar
c. Formatting tool
bar
d. Formula bar
e. Status bar
f. Column Bar
g. Row Bar
h. Work sheet
iv. Moving around Worksheet
v. Making entries in work sheet
i. Value Entry
ii. Label Entry
iii. Formula Entry
iv. Data entry in entry
vi. Excel MENU
i. File
ii. Edit
iii. View
iv. Insert
v. Format
vi. Tools
vii. Data
viii. window

3. MS-POWER POINT
i. Capabilities of Power Point
a. On screen
presentation
b. Overhead
transpereneies
c. Paper print out
d. 33mm slide
e. Speaker’s notes
f. Hand out
g. Out line
h. Web presentation
i. Graph
ii. Loading Power Point
iii. Working areaof Power Point
a. Title bar
b. Menu Bar
c. Standered tool
Bar
d. Formation tool
bar
e. Drawing tool Bar
f. Status Bar
iv. Startup Dialog Box
i. Auto content wizard
ii. Template
iii. Blank Presentation
v. Power Point MENU

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i. File
ii. Edit
iii. View
iv. Insert
v. Format
vi. Tools
vii. Slide show
viii. Window
4. INTERNET 1. BASIC INTERNET
2. INFORMATION SEARCHING
3. COMMUNICATING USING E-MAIL

Inroduction to Computers
vkt ds ;qx esa Computer dk mi;ksx gj {ks= esa fd;k tkrk gSA tSls %& oSKkfud] ;krk;kr]
fpfdRlk] f’k{kk] O;kikj] euksjatu] Ik;kZoj.k] m|ksx] lapkj vkfnA ;g ns’k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr
lq/kkjus esa cgqr gh lgk;d gSA

Computer dh Full Form %&

C= Common lkekU;
O= Operating lapkfyr
M= Machine e’khu
P= Purposely mn~ns’; ds fy,
U= Used For mi;ksx
T= Tread O;kikj
E= Education f’k{kk
R= Research [kkst

Computer dk vFkZ%&
Computer ’kCn dh mRifRr ysfVu Hkk"kk ds Compute ’kCn ls gqbZA bldk vFkZ gS&
x.kuk ;k fxurh djukA dsydqysVj Hkh x.kuk djrk gS] ijUrq og budks Store ugha dj ldrkA

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PANCHLAXMI COMPUTER SOLUTION (SAWAI MADHOPUR)

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ifjHkk"kk%&
Computer ,d fo|qrh; midj.k gS] ftls ge vkadM+ksa ;k lwpukvksa ds #i esa funsZ’k nsrs gSa
rks og mu ij x.kuk djds gesa vFkZiw.kZ ifj.kke Ánku djrk gSA
"computer" is a programmable electronic collection of devices that function as a unit which
an store, retrieve and process data.

INPUT → PROCESSING → OUTPUT

vkadMs-o funsZ’k x.kuk ifj.kke

Development Of Computers :- (dEI;wVj dk fodkl)

blds bfrgkl dh ’kq:vkr ABACUS [3000 Bc] ls ekuh tkrh gSA ftldk ml le; tksM+] ckdh] xq.kk
o Hkkx ds fy, Use djrs Fks o vkt Hkh tkiku] :l o phu esa Use fd;k tkrk gSA

blds dqN o"kksaZ ckn Charles Babbage ftUgsa Father Of Computer dgk tkrk gS] us ,d ,slh
e’khu cukbZ ftls Instruction }kjk lapkfyr fd;k tkrk FkkA bls Analytical Engine dgk x;k FkkA

blds ckn 1937 esa IBM (International Business Machine) us igyh e’khu Mark -I cukbZ ijUrq
lgh vFkksZa esa izFke bysDVªksfud dEI;wVj ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrater And
Calculator) dk fuekZ.k 1943 esa fd;k x;kA blesa 1800 Vaccum Tubes dk Use fd;k x;kA
blds ckn buds fodkl dh ih<+h nj ih<+h o`f) gksrh xbZA

Generations Of Computers :- (ihf<+;ka)

First Generation Computer- (1945-55)

 buesa Main Equipment Fkk = Vaccum Tubes tks Electronic Signals dks Amplify djrh
FkhaA
 Tubes T;knk Heat nsus ds dkj.k buds fy, AC dh t#jr FkhaA
 Size dkQh cM+h FkhA
 Processing Speed dkQh /kheh FkhA
 e’khuh Language Use(0 & 1).

Second Generation Computer- (1955-65)

 Vaccum Tubes dh txg Transistor dk Use.
 buds fy, AC dh t#jr FkhaA
 Size NksVh FkhA
 Processing Speed rst FkhA
 Assembly Language dk Use.

Third Generation Computer- (1965-75)

 Main Equipment IC. (Intergrated Circuit) dk Use.
 AC dh t#jr ugha FkhA
 Size NksVh FkhA
 Storage Capacity c<+hA
 HLL (High Level Language) dk Use.

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PANCHLAXMI COMPUTER SOLUTION (SAWAI MADHOPUR)

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 Networking dh lqfo/kkA
 de dherA
 Operating System dk Use.

Fourth Generation Computer- (1975-85)

 LSI. (Large Scale Intergrated Circuit) ls cuh Microchip dk Use gksrk Fkk bls Micro
Processor dgk x;kA
 Fast Processing Speed FkhA
 Size NksVh FkhA
 Storage Capacity T;knk FkhA
 de dherA
Fifth Generation Computer- (1985-Continue)
 VLSI. (Very Large Scale Intergrated Chip) dk Use.
 buesa lkspus dh {kerk] Decision yssus dh {kerk dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gSA
 Size FkksM+h cM+h gksxhA
 Storage Capacity T;knk vkSj Fast Processing Speed gksxhA
 dher T;knk gksxhA

Classification Of Computer :- (dEI;wVj dk ds çdkj)

dEI;wVj

vkdkj dk;Z ç.kkyh ç;ksx

dk;Z ç.kkyh ds vk/kkj ij &

 Analog - tks nkc] rki] ek=k vkSj yEckbZ ekidj ifj.kke vadksa esa nsrs gSaA tSls&
FkekZehVj
 Digital- tks vadksa dh x.kuk djrs gSaA ;s Data ,oa Programme dks 0 rFkk 1esa cnydj
mudks Electronic #i esa ys vkrs gSaA
 Hybrid- buesa Analog ,oa Digital nksuksa ds xq.k fo|eku gksrs gSaA

2. vkdkj ds vk/kkj ij &

1.Micro –
 dher esa lLrsA
 vkdkj NksVkA
 budks PC (Personal Computer) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
 multi user base ç.kkyh
 ?kj] fo|ky; esa Use gksrs gSaA
 bldh Hk.Mkj.k {kerk ,oa processing speed vU; dEI;wVjksa dh rqyuk esa de FkhA

Micro dh Js.kh esa vkus okys Computers :-

 Desktop – buesa Monitor/Lcd, Cpu, Mouse, KeyBoard lHkh vyx &vyx gksrs gSaA
budks Vscy ij j[k dj dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS rFkk budk vkdkj Hkh cM+k gksrk gSA budks
dgha Hkh ykuk &ys tkuk dfBu gksrk gSA

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 PANCHLAXMI COMPUTER SOLUTION (SAWAI MADHOPUR)

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 Laptop – buesa lHkh phtsa ,d esa gh lekfgr gksrh gSaA budks xksn esa j[k dj dk;Z
fd;k tkrk gS rFkk budk vkdkj NksVk gksrk gSA dfga Hkh lkFk ys tk ldrs gSaA
 Palmtop – buesa Hkh lHkh phtsa ,d esa gh lekfgr gksrh gSaA budks gFksyh ij j[k dj
dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS rFkk budk vkdkj cgqr NksVk gksus ls lkFk ys tk ldrs gSaA
2. Mini –
 dher Micro ls T;knkA
 vkdkj ekbØks ls cMk o Mainframe ls NksVk gksrk gSA
 budh dk;Z{kerk Micro ls vf/kdA
 ,d ls T;knk O;fDr dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA
 NksVh Company esa Use gksrs gSaA
3. Main Frame –
 vf/kd Storage Capacity.
 vkdkj esa cM+sA
 cM+h Company ;k cSad esa Use gksrs gSaA
 Ex. IBM 4300, VAX 8842,Sperry, CDC.
4. Super –
 cgqr vf/kd Storage Capacity.
 lHkh Jsf.k;ksa ls cM+k vkdkjA
 cgqr vf/kd Speed.
 oSKkfud iz;ksx’kkykvksa esa Use gksrs gSaA
 buesa Hkkjr dk Hkh Lo;a dk Super Computer gS & PARAM,

Advantages of computer
 Speed xfr %& bldh dk;Z djus dh xfr cgqr rhoz gksrh gSA tks ekuo }kjk laHko ugha gSA
 Accuracy ’kq)rk %& Computer ls izkIr ifj.kke ’kq) gksrs gSaAbldks ,d ckj lgh funsZ’k nsus
ds ckn lkjs ifj.kke lgh fudkysxkA ;fn ok;jl vk;k gqvk gks rks xyr ifj.kke ns ldrk gSA
 Storage Capacity laxzg.k {kerk %& blesa yk[kksa@djksMksa dh la[;k esa lwpuk;sa
@vkadMs- Store dj ldrs gSaA
 Remembering Power Lej.k ’kfDr %& ekuo efLr"d dh rjg Computer dh Hkh viuh Lej.k
’kfDr gksrh gSA ftlds }kjk t#jr iM-us ij dHkh Hkh lwpuk;sa@vkadMs- ns[k ldrs gSa ;k izkIr
dj ldrs gSaA
Deligency l{kerk %& T;knk le; rd dke djrs&djrs vkneh Fkd tkrk gS ijUrq dbZ ?k.Vs
ykxkrkj dke djus ds ckn Hkh Computer dHkh ugha Fkdrk gSA

Disadvantages of Computer
USE of Computer

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Computer hardware
Structure of computer
Programming languages
Program
Software
Language translater
Generation of languages

INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
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INPUT DEVICE
1. Key Board (dh cksMZ) %& bldh lgk;rk ls ge Computer dks funsZ’k nsrs gSaA ;g ,d
Type Writer ds leku gksrk gSA blesa fofHkUu dht gksrh gSa tks fuEu gSa%&
i. Alphabetic Keys = (A to Z)
ii. Numeric Keys = 0 to 9
iii. Function Keys = F1 to F12
iv. Editing Keys = ←↑→↓ pg up, pg dn, Home, End, backspace, space bar,
Delete, insert, tab
v. Control Keys = enter, shift, esc(escape), pause, numlock, caps lock,
ctrl(control keys), Alt(alter keys)
vi. Symbol keys = : ; “ ‘ / ? . ,< >

vii. Special keys = Print Screen, Scroll Lock.

2. Mouse ( ekml ) %& ;g CPU ls tqMk gksrk gsS tks pwgs ds vkdkj esa fn[krk gSA
blds uhps Mouse Pad yxh gksrh gsSA ekml dks gkFk ls b/kj&m/kj ljdk;k tkrk gSA
blds uhps yxh fMVsDVj ykbV ls gh eksfuVj dh Ldzhu ij iksbUVj fn[krk gSA

blesa rhu cVu gksrs gSa %&

i. Right Button
ii. Left Button
iii. Scroll Bar
3. MICR
4. OCR
5. OMR
6. SCANNER
7. BAR CODE READER
8. TOUCH SCREEN
9. JOYSTICK
10. LIGHT PEN
11. SOUND OR VOICE

OUTPUT DEVICE
1. Monitor:- ;g Vh-oh- ds leku fn[krk gSA bldh Ldzhu ij gh fMLiys ds #i esa lc dqN
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA blesa On /Off fLop] Power ykbZV rFkk lsfVax ds cVu gksrs gSaA
2. PRINTER
3. PLOTTER

COMPUTER MEMORY
 MEASURMENT UNIT

How Computer Memory Is Measured

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PANCHLAXMI COMPUTER SOLUTION (SAWAI MADHOPUR)

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Bit
lHkh dEI;wVj ckbujh uEcj system ij dk;Z djrs gSaA
i.e. they process data in one's or zero's. This 1 or 0 level of storage is called a bit.

Byte
A byte consists of eight bits.

Kilobyte
A kilobyte (KB) consists of 1024 bytes.

Megabyte
A megabyte (MB) consists of 1024 kilobytes.

Gigabyte
A gigabyte (GB) consists of 1024 megabytes.

 TYPES OF MEMORY
Computer dh eseksjh dks 2 Hkkxksa esa ckaVk x;k gS%&
1. PRIMARY MEMORY
2. SECONDARY MEMORY

1. PRIMARY MEMORY
bls esu eseksjh ;k Internal eseksjh Hkh dgrs gSaA blds ek/;e ls MkVk@izksxzke dsoy
rkRdkfyd #i ls laxzfgr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
blds 2 Hkkx gSa %&
RAM = Random Access Memory ;g vLFkkbZ gksrh gS] dEI;wVj can gksrs gh blesa
mifLFkr MkVk feV tkrk gSA
ROM = Read Only Memory blesa mifLFkr MkVk dks dsoy i<k tk ldrk gSA ;g LFkkbZ
gksrh gS] dEI;wVj can gksrs gh blesa mifLFkr MkVk feVrk ugha gSA

2. SECONDARY MEMORY
;g f}rh;d laxzg.k bdkbZ dgykrh gSA blds ek/;e ls MkVk@izksxzke dks rkRdkfyd rFkk
Hkfo"; esa ckj&ckj mi;ksx gsrq LFkkbZ #i ls laxzfgr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA

Some device of secondary memory

 Floppy Disk
 HARD DISK
 CD-ROM
 Magnetic Tape (pqEcdh; Vsi)
 Magnetic Disk (pqEcdh; fMLd)
 ereasable optical disk

INTERNAL DATA REPRESENTATION

1. Binary Number system
2. Octal Number system
3. Decimal Number System
4. Hexa Decimal System

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DATA PROCESSING CONCEPT
DATA
INFORMATION
Quality of information
Value of information
Data processing
Steps of data processing
Need of information
File organization

UNIT II : OPERATING SYSTEM

;g ,d System Software gS tks Computer ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dk lapkyu djrk gS ,oa
fofHkUu L=ksarksa dk Hkh izca/kd ;gh gSA Operating System User ,oa Hardware ds chp
laca/k LFkkfir djrk gSA
orZeku esa cktkj esa vusd Operating System miyC/k gS%& Ms Dos, Windows,Linux vkfnA

Operating System ds izdkj %&

(i) Single User Operating System %& ;s dsoy ,d User dk izca/ku djrs gSaA Ms Dos,
Windows
(ii) Multi User Operating System%& bl izdkj ds Operating System ,d ls T;knk User dk
izca/ku djrs gSaA Unix

Software

System Application
Software Software

Operating System Package Languages

Dos
Windows MS Office C
Linux Tally C++
Windows Xp Kundli Java
Windows Vista Media Player FoxPro

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1. MS DOS

bls MicroSoft Disk Operating System Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g ,d Single User vksijsfVax flLVe
gSaA
;fn gekjs dEI;wVj esa ge DOS Use esa ysuk pkgrs gSa rks blds fy;s Computer dk Boot gksuk
t#jh gS vFkkZr~ Booting dh izfdz;k dk gksuk t#jh gSA

Booting:- dEI;wVj dk Power fLop On djus ds ckn C:\> rd vkus dh izfdz;k Booting dgykrh
gSA blesa lcls igys POST (Power On Self Test) uked izksxzke Run gksrk gS mlds ckn
Operating System dh Bootable Qkby Run gksrh gS rHkh C:\>izksEiV vkrk gSA

Dos esa File Name ds Rules:-

QkbZy Name dk izFke Word Alphabetic gksuk pkfg;sA

QkbZy Name T;knk ls T;knk 8 Word dk ,oa de ls de 1 Word dk gksA
QkbZy Name ds chp Space ugha gksuk pkfg;sA

Commands: - Dos Commands nks izdkj ds gksrs gSa %&

 Internal
 External

COMMANDS

1.Internal
2. External

DIR FORMAT
DATE DISK COPY
TIME DISK COMP
VIR TREE
CLS DEL TREE
RD ETC.
REN
DEL
COPY CON
COPY
CD
MK DIR
ETC.
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Internal Commands :-

Dos esa Use gksus okys dqN Internal dekaMl fuEu gSa %&

DIR :- bl Command ds }kjk ge Screen ij fdlh Hkh Directory esa fLFkr Files ,oa Sub
Directorys dh fyLV ns[krs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Dir 

blesa Dir/P (ist okbt) rFkk Dir/A (lHkh ) Files ,oa Sub Directory dh fyLV fn[kkrk
gSaA

MD (Make Directory) :- bl Command ds }kjk ge u;h Mk;jsDVªh cukrs gSaA

Syntax:- C:\> MD 

TIME :- bl Command ds }kjk ge System dk Current Time ns[k ,oa cny ldrs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Time 

VER :- bl Command dh lgk;rk ls ge Computer esa iz;qDr Dos dk Version ( laLd.k )ns[k ldrs
gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Ver 

DATE :- bl Command dh lgk;rk ls ge System dh Current Date ns[k ,oa cny ldrs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Date 

RD :- bl Command dk Use Mk;jsDVªh ;k lcMk;jsDVªh dks gVkus (Remove) gsrq fd;k tkrk
gSA blds }kjk dsoy mUgh Mk;jsDVªh ;k lcMk;jsDVªh dks gVk ldrs gSa tks fcYdqy [kkyh
gksA
Syntax:- C:\> Rd 

REN :- bl Command dk Use fdlh QkbZy dk uke cnyus ds fy;s djrs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Ren <Current File Name> <New File Name> 

DEL :- bl Command dh lgk;rk ls igys ls cuh gqbZ File dks gVk ldrs gSa Directory dks bl
dekaM ds }kjk ugha gVk ldrs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Del <File Name> 

COPY CON :- bl Command dk Use Dos esa u;ha QkbZy cukus gsrq fd;k tkrk gS rFkk
cukbZ gqbZ QkbZy dks Save djus gsrq Ctrl+Z ;k F6 nckrs gSaA
Syntax:- C:\> Copy Con <File Name> 

COPY :- bl Command dh lgk;rk ls File dh ,d ;k ,d ls T;knk dkih djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
Syntax:- C:\> Copy <SourceFile Name><Destination File Name>

CD :- bl Command dk Use ,d Directory ls nwljh Directory esa tkus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
Syntax:- C:\> Cd <Directory Name> 

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CD.. :- bl Command dk Use fdlh Directory ;k SubDirectory esa ls Step By Step ckgj vkus
gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
Syntax:- C:\> Cd.. <Directory Name> 

CLS (Clear Screen) :- bl Command dk Use djus ls Dos Prompt dks NksM+dj iwjh Screen
lkQ gks tkrh gSA
Syntax:- C:\> Cls 

External Commands :-
Dos esa Use gksus okys dqN External dekaMl fuEu gSa %&

Format :- fdlh Drive esa yxkbZ gqbZ Floppy dks Format djus ds fy;s bl dekaM dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA

Disk Copy :- fdlh Disk dh Copy djus ds fy;s bl dekaM dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
Disk Comp :- fdlh Disk dh vU; Disk ls (Compare) rqyuk djus ds fy;s bl dekaM dk iz;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA

Tree: - ;g dekaM Directory ,oa lc Directory dks fp=kRed (Tree) #i esa fn[kkrk gSA

DelTree: - ;g dekaM Directory ,oa lc Directory dks gVkus esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA

Micro Soft Windows

;g Hkh ,d vksijsfVax flLVe gSA bldk yxHkx lHkh Computers esa Use fd;k tkrk gSA GUI
(Graphical User Interface) ij vk/kkfjr gksus ls, ;g dk;Z djus ij fe=or~ okrkoj.k iznku djrk gSA
xq.k %&
New Lyhd yqd
fo’oluh;rk
vklku Use
Performance (n{krk)
lqj{kk ,oa xksiuh;rk
Long File Name

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Desktop (MsLdVksi):- Screen dk og {ks= tgka fo.Mkst ds Icon, Menu rFkk Dilouge Box
fMLiys gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ My Computer, Recyclebin vkfn ds Icons fn[kus okyk Hkkx
Desktop gksrk gSA

Desktop ds vo;o %&

Task Bar :- blesa Start cVu gksrk gSA ;g Desktop ds uhps ,d Bar ds #i esa Display gksrh gS
ftls Nqik;k Hkh tk ldrk gSA viuh vko’;drkuqlkj ge bls Screen ds mij] uhps] nka;sa] cka;sa
Hkh ys tk ldrs gSaA

Start cVu %& blesa Turn Off, Log Off, Control Panel, Run, All Programs vkfn fMLiys
gksrs gSaA blh ds All Programs ls ge Click djds Computer dk dksbZ Hkh izksxzke Access
;k ’kq# ldrs gSaA

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Turn Off :-bl ij fDyd djus ls Screen ij ,d Box [kqyrk gS ftlesa 3 Optionsfn[kkbZ nsrs gSa
%& Stand By %& bl Option dk Use fctyh cpkus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA bl ij Click djus ls
Moniter can gks tkrk gS ijUrq Mouse ;k Key Board ls dksbZ Hkh Key nck;s rks iqu% iwoZ
fLFkfr esa vk tkrk gSA
Turn Off %& bl Option ij Click djus ls Computer fo.Mkst dh orZeku O;oLFkk ,oa
lwpukvksa dks Hard Disk ij Store djrs gq;s can gks tkrk gSA

Restart %& blds }kjk fo.Mkst dh orZeku O;oLFkk ,oa lwpukvksa dks Hard Disk ij Store
djrs gq;s can gksdj iqu% Start gksrk gSA

Log Off: - bl ij Click djus ls [kqyus okys Box esa 2 Options fn[kkbZ nsaxs%&
Switch User: - lHkh Programs dks On j[krs gq;s Window lhtu ij tkus gsrq bl ij Click djrs
gSaA
Log Off: - lHkh Programs dks can j[krs gq;s Window lhtu ij tkus gsrq bl ij Click djrs gSaA

Run :- bl Option ds }kjk fdlh Hkh Program dks Direct Start dj ldrs gSaA

Search :- ;g Option fdlh File ;k Program vkfn dks Computer ij <wa<us dk dk;Z djrk gSA

My Computer :- bl Icon ls gh Computer esa miyC/k Drives, Folders ,oa Hard Disks dh
tkudkjh feyrh gSA bl ij Click djus ds ckn [kqyus okys Dilog ckDl ds mij dh Address ckj ls irk

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pyrk gS fd ge fdl Drives ds ;k fdl Folder esa dke dj jgs gSaA bldh ckj esa fofHkUu dk;ksZa
ds cVu ;k Options gksrs gSaA

blds Right Side esa Explorer Bar ckj gksrh gS ftlesa [kqys gq;s Folder ;k Drive ls lacaf/kr
tkudkjh gkrh gSA

My Computer dh Screen 4 Hkkxksa esa caVh gksrh gS %&

Files Stored On This Computer

Hard Disk Drives

Dives With Removable Storage

Other

Recycle Bin:- bl Icon esa Computer esa ls geusa dgha ls Hkh dqN Hkh Delete fd;k gks og vk
tkrk gSA ;gka ls ge mls okil Restore Hkh dj ldrs gSa rFkk gVk Hkh ldrs gSaA Restore djus
ds fy;s ml ij Mouse dk Right Click djds Restore dks Select djrs gSaA

;fn Shift ds lkFk Delete Key nckrs rks oks blesa ugha vkrs gSaA

blds Empty Recycle Bin ds Option ij Click djds bls [kkyh Hkh dj ldrs gSaA

My Documents: - blesa Save dh xbZ Files, Documents, Programs ;k dksbZ Folder cuk;k gks
vkfn Stored gksrs gSaA ge bUgsa viuh vko’;drkuqlkj Cut, Copy, Paste ;k Rename dj ldrs
gSaA

New Folder cukuk %& Tkgka gesa u;k Folder cukuk gks] ml LFkku ij Mouse dk Right cVu
nckdj New dks Select djsaxs rks mlds lkeus iznf’kZr Box esa ls lcls Åij Foder ij Click
djsaxsA vc gekjs lkeus Screen ij u;k Foder cu tk;sxkA bldk uke Hkh cnyk tk ldrk gSA

File ;k Folder dk uke cnyuk %& viuh bPNkuqlkj File ;k Folder dks Select djds ml ij
Mouse dk Right Click djus ls ,d Box Open gksxk] blesa ls Rename ij Click djds Key Board
ls u;k uke Type djds Enter nckus ij ml File ;k Folder dk uke cny tk;sxkA

File ;k Folder dks Delete djuk %& fdlh File ;k Folder dks Delete djuk gks] rks mls Select
djsa ;fn ,d ls T;knk gks rks Mouse dk Left cVu nckdj lcdks Select djsa rFkk mu ij Right cVu
nckus ij Open Box esa ls Delete ij Click djus ds ckn ,d vkSj Box [kqysxk tks iwNsxk fd
Are You Sure Want rc Yes ij Click djus ls og File ;k Folder Delete gksdj Recyclebin easa
pyk tk;sxkA
;fn Recycle Bin easa ugha Hkstdj lh/kk Delete djuk gks] rks Key Board ls Shift dks nckrs
gq;s Delete Key nck;saxs rsk og dEI;wVj ls gh gV tk;sxk mls okil izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA

File@Folder dks Copy, Cut ;k Paste djuk %&

mnk- %& ;fn D Drive esa dksbZ File ;k Folder gS rFkk gesa mls F Drive esa Copy ;k Cut
djds ykuk gks] rks ml ij Mouse ds Right Button ls Click djus ij [kqyus okys Box esa ls Copy
;k Cut dks Select djds mls F Drive esa tkdj Mouse ds Right Button ls Click djus ls Box esa
ls Paste ij Click djrs gSa rks og File ;k Folder ogka vk tk;sxkA

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Windows dh Accessories: - blesa fofHkUu Programs gksrs gSa] muesa ls dqN fuEu gSa%&
Note Pad

Word Pad

Calculator

Paint

Note Pad
Windows Operating flLVe esa Note Pad ,d lqfo/kk ds leku gSaA blesa lk/kkj.k i=] uksV~l
vkfn VkbZi djds Print dj ldrs gSaA blesa WordPad ;k MS Word dh rjg vf/kd Options miyC/k
ugha gksrs gSaA
bls [kksyus ds 4 rjhds%&
Start  All Programs  Accessories  Word Pad

;fn Desktop ij Icon cuk;k gqvk gksA

Run ij tkdj Notepad fy[kdj Ok djrs gSa ;k Enter nckrs gSaA

Start esU;w ij Notepad dk Icon cuk gks rks ml ij Click djrs gSaA

tc Note Pad gekjs lkeus [kqyrk gS rks fo.Mks ds lcls mij Title Bar gksrk gS ftlesa File dk
uke gksrk gSA blds Right lkbZM esa Minimize, Maximize ,oa Close cVu gksrk gSA Title
Bar ls uhps Menu Bar gksrk gSA

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Note Pad ds Menu Bar esa 5 esU;w gksrs gSa tks fuEu gSa%&
File Edit Format View Help

File :- Note Pad ds File esU;w esa vusd Options gSa tks fuEu gSa%&

New:- (Ctrl+N):- bl Option ds }kjk ge u;h File [kksyrs gSaA

Open:- (Ctrl+O):- bl Option dk Use ge igys ls Store dh gqbZ File dks [kksyus esa djrs gSaA
bl ij Click djus ds ckn ,d ckDl Open gksrk gS] mlesa ls mi;qZDr File dks Select djds Open ij
Click djus ls og File [kqy tk;sxhA
Save:- (Ctrl+S):- bl Option dk Use cuh gqbZ File dks Save djus ds fy;s djrs gSaA Open ckDl
esa bPNkuqlkj File Name Mkydj Save ij Click djus ls og File Save gks tk;sxhA
Save As:- bl Option dk Use cuh gqbZ File dks viuh bPNkuqlkj tgka pkgs ogka ij Save djus
ds fy;s djrs gSaA bl ij Click djus ls Open ckDl esa bPNkuqlkj File Name Mkydj ftl LFkku ij
Save djuk pkgsa ml Option dks Select djus ds ckn Save ij Click djus ls og File Save gks
tk;sxhA
Page Set Up:- ;g Option isij dk vkdkj] izdkj] ekftZu vkfn lsV djus gsrq Use esa ysrs gSa
vFkkZr~ gesa isij dks Potrait ;k Landscape esa ls Select djuk iM+rk gSA
Print:- (Ctrl+P) :- bl Option dk p;u djus ls ,d ckDl [kqyrk gS] tgka ij vko’;drkuqlkj ist
dzekad ,oa izfr;ksa dh la[;k Mkydj Ok ij Click djus ls og File dkxt ij Print gksdj gesa izkIr
gks tk;sxhA
Exit: - bl Option dk p;u djus ls ge Note Pad ls ckgj vk tkrs gSaA

Edit:-
Note Pad ds Edit esU;w esa Hkh vusd Options gSa tks fuEu gSa%&
Undo (Ctrl+Z):- bl Option dk Use fd;s gq;s dk;Z ls ,d Step ihNs tkus ds fy, djrs gSaA
Cut (Ctrl+X) :- fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dks gVkdj nwljh txg ij ys tkus ds fy;s bldk Use djrs gSaaA
ftl ’kCn ;k ykbZu dks Cut djuk gks mls Mouse ds Right cVu ls Select djds Left cVu nckus ij
Open ckDl esa ls Cut ij fDyd djrs gSaA
Copy (Ctrl+C) :- fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dh izfrfyfi cukus gsrq bldk Use djrs gSaaA ftl ’kCn ;k
ykbZu dh Copy djuh gks mls Mouse ds Right cVu ls Select djds Left cVu nckus ij Open ckDl
esa ls Copy ij fDyd djrs gSaA
Paste (Ctrl+V) :- Cut ;k Copy fd;s gq;s fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dks tgka ge pkgrs gSa ml LFkku ij
ykus ds fy;s bl Option dk Use djrs gSaA ftl LFkku ij ykuk gks ogka ij Mouse dk Right cVu
nCkkdj Open ckDl esa ls Paste ij fDyd djrs gSaA
Delete (Del) :- bl Option dk Use fdlh ’kCn dks Delete djus gsrq djrs gSaA ftl ’kCn dks
Delete djuk gks mls Select djds Delet Key nckus ls og feV tk;sxk A
Find (Ctrl+F):- bl Option dk Use fdlh ’kCn dks <wa<us gsrq djrs gSaA bl ij Click djus ls
Open Box esa Find What ds vkxs ftl ’kCn dks <wa<uk gks] mls Mkydj Enter nckus ls og
’kCn Highlite gks tk;sxkA
Find Next (F3) :- bldk Use Find fd;s gq; ’kCn dks vkxs ;k ihNs ns[kus gsrq djrs gSaa
vFkkZr~ ,d ’kCn ;fn ckj&ckj vk;k gqvk gks rc ;g Option dke esa ysaxsaA
Replace:- (Ctrl+H):- bl Option dk Use fdlh ’kCn dks <wa<dj cnyus gsrq djrs gSaA bl ij
Click djus ls Open Box esa Find What ds vkxs ftl ’kCn ds LFkku ij cnyuk gks] rFkk Replace
With ds vkxs og ’kCn Mkydj Replace ij Click djus ls og cny tk;sxkA ,d ’kCn ;fn ckj&ckj
vk;k gqvk gks rc Replace All ij Click djus ls tgka&tgka fy[ks gksa mu lHkh ’kCnsak dk
cnyko gks tk;sxkA
Go To:- (Ctrl+G) :- fdlh fuf’pr ykbu ij tkus gsrq bldk Use djrs gSaaA
Select All:- (Ctrl+A) :- lHkh ’kCnksa dks Select djus ds fy, bldk Use djrs gSaa aA
Time/Date :- (F5) :- bl Option ij Click djus ls Screen ij Time vkSj Date vk tk;sxhA

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Format :- bl Menu esa 2 Options vkrs gSa %&
Word Wrap :- bl Option dk Use ’kCnksa dks O;ofLFkr djus gsrq djrs gSaA
Font :- bl Option dk Use ’kCnksa ds vkdkj] izdkj rFkk Styles vkfn cnyus esa djrs gSaA bl ij
Click djus ls Open ckDl esa Font, Font Style, Size vkfn ds Options vkrs gSa buesa ls mfpr
Option dks Select djds Ok ij Click djrs gSaaA

View :- bl Menu ij Click djus ls Status ckj On ;k Off gksrh gSA

Help :- bl Menu ls Note Pad ls lacaf/kr lgk;rk izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

Note Pad esa 2 izdkj dh Scroll ckj gksrh gSa%&
Horizonotol:- blds }kjk Matter dks Left ;k Right fn’kk ls ns[k ldrs gSaA
Vertical:- blds }kjk Matter dks Top ;k Bottom ls ns[k ldrs gSaA

Word Pad
Start All Programs Accessories Word Pad

oMZisM Hkh Note Pad ds leku gh gksrk gS] ijUrq blesa uksVisM ls vf/kd Options gksrs
gSaA bls Word Processor Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;fn gekjs flLVe esa MS Word ugha gS rks dqN
gn rd blesa dke pyk;k tk ldrk gSA blesa MS Word ftruh lqfo/kk;sa ugha gksrh gSaaA
blds Menu ckj esa fuEu esU;wt gksrs gSa %&
File Edit View Insert Format Help

File :- bl Menu esa fuEu Options gksrs gSa%&

New:- (Ctrl+N) :- bl Option ds }kjk ge u;h File [kksyrs gSaA

Open:- (Ctrl+O) :- bl Option dk Use ge igys ls Store dh gqbZ File dks [kksyus esa djrs gSaA
Save:- (Ctrl+S) :- bl Option dk Use djds] cuh gqbZ File dks File Name Mkydj Save ij Click
djus ls og File Save gks tk;sxhA
Save As:- bl Option dk Use djus ls] cuh gqbZ File dks viuh bPNkuqlkj File Name Mkydj] ftl
LFkku ij Save djuk pkgsa ml Option dks Select djus ds ckn Save ij Click djus ls og File Save
gks tk;sxhA
Page Set Up:- isij dk vkdkj] izdkj] ekftZu vkfn lsV djus gsrq bldks Use esa ysrs gSa
vFkkZr~ gesa isij dks Potrait ;k Landscape esa ls Select dj ldrs gSaA
Print (Ctrl+P):- bl Option dk p;u File dks dkxt ij Print djus ds fy;s djrs gSaA
Exit :- bl Option dk p;u djus ls ge Word Pad ls ckgj vk tkrs gSaA

Edit :- Word Pad ds Edit esU;w esa Hkh vusd Options gSa tks fuEu gSa%&

Undo :- (Ctrl+Z):- bl Option dk Use fd;s gq;s dk;Z ls ,d Step ihNs tkus ds fy, djrs gSaA
Cut :- (Ctrl+X):- fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dks gVkdj nwljh txg ij ys tkus ds fy;s bldk Use djrs
gSaaA
Copy :- (Ctrl+C) :- fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dh izfrfyfi cukus gsrq bldk Use djrs gSaaA
Paste :- (Ctrl+V) :- Cut ;k Copy fd;s gq;s fdlh ’kCn ;k Line dks tgka ge pkgrs gSa ml LFkku
ij ykus ds fy;s bl Option dk Use djrs gSaA
Clear :- (Del) :- bl Option dk Use fdlh Matter dks Delete djus gsrq djrs gSaA ftl ’kCn dks
Delete djuk gks mls Select djds Delet Key nckus ls og feV tk;sxka A

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Find:- (Ctrl+F) :- bl Option dk Use fdlh ’kCn dks <wa<us gsrq djrs gSaA Find What ds
vkxs ftls <wa<uk gks] mls Mkydj Enter nckus ls og ’kCn Highlite gks tk;sxkA
Find Next:- (F3) :- bldk Use Find fd;s gq; ’kCn dks vkxs ;k ihNs ns[kus gsrq djrs gSaa
vFkkZr~ ,d ’kCn ;fn ckj&ckj vk;k gqvk gks rc ;g Option dke esa ysaxsaA
Replace:- (Ctrl+H) :- bl Option dk Use fdlh ’kCn dks <wa<dj cnyus gsrq djrs gSaA blesa
Find What ds vkxs ftl ’kCn ds LFkku ij cnyuk gks] rFkk Replace With ds vkxs og ’kCn
Mkydj Replace ij Click djus ls og cny tk;sxkA ,d ’kCn ;fn ckj&ckj vk;k gqvk gks rc
Replace All ij Click djus ls tgka&tgka fy[ks gksa mu lHkh ’kCnsak dk cnyko gks tk;sxkA
Select All:- (Ctrl+A) :- iwjs Matter dks Select djus ds fy, bldk Use djrs gSaa aA

View %& esU;w esa Toolbar, Format Bar, Ruler, Status Bar rFkk Options gksrs gSaA budks
Click djus ls ;s fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa rFkk okil Click djus ls gV tkrs gSaA

Toolbar :- blesa New, Open, Save, Print, PrintPreview, Find, Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo rFkk
Date/Time ds Icons cus gksrs gSaA

Format Bar: - blesa Font] mudh Size, Script, Bold, Italic, Underline, Colour rFkk ykbZu
dks ;k ’kCn dks Left,Right o Center rFkk Bullet Number nsus ds Options gksrs gSaA

Ruler: - blls Screen ij Ldsy fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

Status Bar: - blls isij dh Scroll Bars Horizonotal rFkk Vertical fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA
Options ls Text dk mfpr laiknu dj ldrs gSaA

Insert :- bl esU;w esa 2 Options vkrs gSa %&

DateAnd Time :- bl Options ls mfpr Date vkSj Time Select djds Mky ldrs gSaA
Object :- fdlh Object (Image ;k File vkfn) dks tksMus ds fy, bldk Use djrs gSaA

Format :- blesa Font, Bullet Style, Paragraph vkSj Tab ds Options gksrs gSa] ftudks
vko’;drkuqlkj Set djds Use djrs gSaA

Help :- bl Menu ls Word Pad ls lacaf/kr lgk;rk izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

CALCULATOR
dsydqysVj dks [kksyuk%& Start  All Programs  Accessories  Calculator
Windows Operating System esa Calculator ,d egRoiw.kZ Accessory gSA ;s 2 izdkj ds
gSa] tks View Menu ij Click djus ls fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa rFkk Mouse ls Click djds bu ij dke
fd;k tkrk gS %&
Standard:- ;g dsydqysVj dsoy vadxf.krh; x.kukvksa ds fy;s mi;ksxh gSA tSls& tksM-] ckdh]
xq.kk] Hkkx vkfnA
Scientific :- blesa fofHkUu izdkj dh oSKkfudh x.kuk,a dh tkrh gSaA tSls& f=dks.kferh;]
ckbujh x.kuk;sa vkfnA

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MS Paint
;g fp=] isfUVax vkfn cukus ds dke vkrk gSA blesa fofHkUu izdkj ds jax Hkj ldrs gSa]
fMtkbu cuk ldrs gSa rFkk mUgsa Printer ds }kjk Print dj ldrs gSaA
bls [kksyus ds rjhds %&

Start  All Programs  Accessories  Paint

Run Ikj tkdj ;k Paint ds Icon ij Click djds Hkh bls [kksyk tk ldrk gSA

Tool Bar :- Ms Paint esa Tool Bar esa dqy 16 Tools gksrs gSa tks Drawing vkfn cukus ds
dke vkrs gSaA ge mu Tools ij Mouse ls Click djus ;k mudks Select djus ds ckn dk;Z djsaxs
vkSj Mªsx djus ls vkd`fr;ka cusaxh :-

Free From Select :- bl Tool dk Use dk;Z {ks= ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx dks Select djus ds fy;s djrs
gSaA p;fur vkd`fr dks Delete, Copy ;k Cut Hkh dj ldrs gSaaA
Select:- bldk Use dk;Z {ks= ds fdlh Hkkx ;k Hkkx esa cuh fMtkbu dks vk;rkdkj vkd`fr esa
Select djus ds fy;s djrs gSaA p;fur Hkkx dks Delete, Copy ;k Cut Hkh dj ldrs gSaaA
Eraser/Colour Eraser:- dlh Hkh Hkkx] jax ;k Object dks Erase djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Eraser dks Ctrl + ls cM-k rFkk Ctrl - ls NksVk dj ldrs gSaA
Fill with Color:- bl Tool dk Use fdlh vkd`fr bfPNr jax Hkjus ds fy, djrs gSa rFkk ge ftl
vkd`fr esa jax Hkj jgsa gks og can gksuh pkfg,A
Pick Color:- ;g fdlh vkd`fr ;k Object ls Color dks Pick djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Magnifier:-(izo/kZd) :- bldk mi;ksx cukbZ gqbZ fdlh vkd`fr ;k vkd`fr ds fdlh Hkkx dks
cM-k djds iznf’kZr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Pencil:- ldk mi;ksx fdlh izdkj dh vkd`fr] ykbZu vkfn cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA ge Pencil dk
Color Hkh Change dj ldrs gSaA
Brush:- bl Tool ls vkd`fr mlh izdkj cusxh ftl izdkj cz’k ls dksbZ vkd`fr dkxt ij cukbZ tkrh
gSA cz’k dk vkdkj o jax viuh vko’;drkuqlkj cny Hkh ldrs gSaA
Airbrush:- fdlh vkd`fr esa Spray jax Hkjus ;k Spray jax ls dksbZ vkd`fr cukus ds fy, bldk
Use djrs gSaA blesa viuh vko’;drkuqlkj jax Hkh pqu ldrs gSaA
Text:- Working Area esa fgUnh ;k vaxzsth ’kCn fy[kus ds fy;s bldk mi;ksx djrs gSa D;ksafd
fdlh fMtkbZu vkfn dks Li"V le>us ds fy;s gesa ’kCnksa dk iz;ksx djuk iM-rk gSA Fonts dh
Size cny dj mudks Bold, Italic ;k Underline Hkh dj ldrs gSaA
Line:- js[kk cukus ds fy, bls dke esa ysrs gSa] ;fn js[kk lh/kh cukuh gks rks Shift Key dks
nckdj j[kuh gksxhA
Curve:- (odz) :- bldk mi;ksx odz js[kk cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Rectangle:- (vk;r) :- bl Vwy dk mi;ksx vk;r dh vkd`fr cukus ds fy;s djrs gSaA vk;r cukrs
le; ;fn Shift Key nckds j[ksaxs rks oxZ cu tkrk gSA
Polygon:- bldk mi;ksx Point Vw Point Click djrs gq, Drawing cukus ds fy, djrs gSaA
Ellipse:-(v.Mkdkj) v.Mkdkj vkd`fr cukus ds fy;s bldk Use djrs gSaA v.Mkdkj vkd`fr cukrs
le; ;fn Shift Key nckds j[ksaxs rks o`Rr cusxkA
Rounded Rectangle:- (xksy dksus okyk vk;r) :- bl Vwy ls cuus okys vk;r ds dksus xksykdkj
cusaxsA

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Menu Bar :-
Ms Paint ds Menu Bar esa File, Edit, View, Image,Colors,Help esU;w gksrs gSaA
File Menu :- blesa vusd miesU;w gksrs gSa] ftudk dk;Z fuEu gS %&
New :- (Ctrl+N) :- bls ubZ File cukus ds fy, dke esa ysrs gSaA
Open :- (Ctrl+O) :- igys ls cuh gqbZ File dks [kskyus ds dke vkrk gSA
Save And Save As :- (Ctrl+S) :- iznf’kZr File dks ge vius bfPNr uke o LFkku ij Save djus ds
fy, bldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
Print Preview :- File dks dkxt ij Print djus ls igys Preview ns[kus gsrq bls dke esa ysrs gSaA
Page Setup :- ist dh yackbZ] pkSM-kbZ] ekftZu] gSMj] Footer vkfn Set djus ds fy, bls Use
esa ysrs gSaA
Print :- (Ctrl+P) :- File dks Print djus ds fy, bldk mi;ksx djrs gSaA
Set As Background (Tiled) :-
Set As Background (Centered) :- fdlh Hkh Image dks Desktop ds Background esa Set djus
ds fy, bls Use djrs gSaA
Exit :- (Alt+F4) :- Paint ls ckgj vkus ds fy, bls dke esa ysrs gSaA

Edit Menu :-
Undo :- (Ctrl+Z) :- ;g fiNyh ckj fd;s x;s 3 dk;ksZa dks gVkus ds dke vkrk gSA
Repeat :- (Ctrl+Y) :- Undo }kjk gVk;s x;s dk;ksZa dks okil ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
Clear Selection :- (Del) :- ;g lysDV fd;s gq, Object dks Clear djrk gS ;k gVkrk gSA
Paste From :- vU; File ls Picture viuh File esa ykrk gSA
Copy To :- Select fd;s gq, Object dks fdlh nwljh File esa Copy djrk gSA

View Menu :-

Tool Box (Ctrl+T) :- blls Tool Box dks On /Off dj ldrs gSaA
Color Box (Ctrl+L) :- blls Color Box dks On /Off dj ldrs gSaA
Status Bar :- blls Status Bar dks On /Off dj ldrs gSaA
Text Tool Bar :- blls Text Tool Bar dks On /Off dj ldrs gSaA
Zoom :- blesa fuEu Options gSa %&
Normal Size :- (Ctrl+PgUp) ist dks lkekU; Size esa ns[kus ds fy,A
Large Size – (Ctrl+PgDown) ist dks cM-h Size esa ns[kus ds fy,A
Custom – ist dks T;knk ls T;knk 800% rd cM-k djus ds fy,A
Show Grid :- (Ctrl+G) ist dks xzkQ #i esa Display djrk gSA
Show Thumbnail :- iwjs ist dks ,d NksVs ls Thumbnail #i esa Display djrk gSA
View Bitmap :- (Ctrl+F) :- iwjs Page dks Full Screen ij fn[kkrk gSA

Image Menu :-

blds dqN Options gSa tks fuEu gSa %&

Flip/Rotate :- (Ctrl+R) fdlh Image dks Horizontal ;k Vertical #i esa Flip djus rFkk mls
dksa.k ds vuqlkj 90a] 180a ,oa 270a ij ?kqekus ds dke vkrk gSA
Stretch/Skew :- (Ctrl+W) :- fdlh Image ds lh/ks #i esa Horizontal ,oa Vertical ds izfr’kr lsV
djus rFkk Skew ds vkMs+ #i esa Horizontal ,oa Vertical fMxzh lsV djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Invert Colors :- (Ctrl+I) :- ;g fdlh Hkh Color dk mYVk Color Display djrk gSA
Attributes (Ctrl+E) :- ist dh pkSM-kbZ rFkk Hight lsV djus ] Inch lsV djus vkSj fdlh File
dks Black & White ;k Colorful cukus ds dke vkrk gSA
Clear Image :- (Ctrl+Shft+N) :- iwjh Image dks ,d lkFk Clear ;k lkQ dj nsrk gSA

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Draw Opaque :- bls ON djus ij fdlh Hkh Object dks Select djds Move djus ij Background
Color lkFk esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rFkk Off djus ij Background Color fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk gSA

Colors Menu :-

bl Menu ij Click djus ls Edit Colors dk Option [qkyrk gS] ftlesa Click djds ge fdlh Hkh Color
ds LFkku ij u;k Color yk ldrs gSaA

Help Menu :-

blesa Paint lacaf/k lgk;rk nh gksrh gSA

PC Packages
MS Office :-
bldks Micro Soft Office Hkh dgrs gSa D;ksafd blesa ,d Office ls lacaf/kr dk;ksaZ ds laiknu ds
lHkh Application Softwares blesa ekStwn gSaA Ms Office esa fuEu Applications vkrh gSa
%&
Ms Word
Ms Excel
Ms Power Point
Ms Access

budks fuEu izdkj foLrkj ls crk;k x;k gS %&

Ms Word :- ;g ,d iw.kZ Word izkslsflax Software gSA bls Microsoft Word Hkh dgk tkrk
gS tks ,d Application Software gSA blesa Letter, Paragraph, Story, Application, Notes vkfn
cuk;s tkrs gSaA

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Ms Word esa fuEu Bars gksrh gSa %&

1. Standard Tool Bar
2. Formatting Tool Bar
3. Drawing Bar
4. Menu Bar
5. Ruler Bar
6. Scroll Bar
7. Title Bar
8. Status Bar

1. Standard Tool Bar :-

bl Tool Bar esa fuEu Short Cut Icons cus gksrs gSa %&

A. New :- ;g u;k Blank Document [kksyus ds dke vkrk gSA

B. Open :- ;g igys ls cuh dksbZ File [kksyus ds dke vkrk gSA
C. Save :- gekjs }kjk cukbZ gqbZ File dks Save djus ds fy, bldk Use djrs gSaA
D. E-Mail :- gekjs }kjk cuk;h gqbZ File dks] fdlh dks esy djus @Hkstus ds fy, bldk Use
djrs gSaA
E. Search :- fdlh File dks <wa<us dk dke djrk gSA
F. Print :- fdlh File dks Printer ls Print djus dk dke djrk gSA
G. Print Preview :- fdlh File dks Print djus ls igys mldk Preview fn[kkus dk dke djrk
gSA

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H. Spelling And Grammar :- xzkej ;k Lisfyax lacaf/k xyfr;ka lq/kkjus ds fy, bldk Use
djrs gSaA
I. Format Painter :- fdlh Hkh Matter dks fdlh Hkh jax esa Paint djus ds dke vkrk gSA
J. Undo :- fiNys dke dks blds }kjk ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
K. Redo :- Undo }kjk gVk;s x;s dk;Z dks okil ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
L. Insert Table :- fdlh Hkh File esa T;knk ls T;knk 4 Rows vkSj 5 Colums Vscy cukus
ds dke vkrk gSA
M. Insert Micro Soft Excel work sheet :- fdlh Hkh File esa Excel dh work sheet
Insert djus ds dke vkrk gSA
N. Columns :- fdlh Hkh File esa fy[ks gq, Matter dks T;knk ls T;knk 4 dksye esa
ckaVus ds dke vkrk gSA
O. Drawing :- Drawing Bar dks On ;k Off djus ds dke vkrk gSA
P. Show/ Hide Character Symbol :- fdlh Hkh Matter ij Character Symbol Insert djus
ds dke vkrk gSA
Q. Zoom :- fdlh Hkh Page dks 500% rd cMk djus ds dke vkrk gSA

2. Formatting Tool Bar :-

bl Tool Bar esa fuEu Short Cut Icons cus gksrs gSa %&

A. Style :- blesa fofHkUu rjg ds Fonts dh Styles cuh gksrh gS ftls Selected Matter ij
Apply fd;k tk ldrk gSA
B. Font :- ;g Selected Matter dh Hkk"kk cnyus ds dke vkrk gSA
C. Font Size :- ;g Selected Matter ds v{kjksa dh Size cnyus ds dke vkrk gSA
D. Bold :- ;g Selected Matter ds v{kjksa dks xgjk djus ds dke vkrk gSA
E. Italic:- ;g Selected Matter ds v{kjksa dks frjNk djus ds dke vkrk gSA
F. Underline :- ;g Selected Matter ds uhps Underline djus ds dke vkrk gSA
G. Align Left :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dks Page ds Left Side esa ys tkus gsrq
fd;k tkrk gSA
H. Center :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dks Page ds Center esa ys tkus gsrq fd;k tkrk
gSA
I. Align Right :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dks Page ds Right Side esa ys tkus gsrq
fd;k tkrk gSA
J. Justify :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dks nksuksa rjQ ls cjkcj Set djus gsrq fd;k
tkrk gSA
K. Numbering :- ;g Selected Matter ij Number Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
L. Decrease/ Increase Indent :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dks Page ds Left ;k
Right esa Set djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA
M. Border :- fdlh Hkh File esa Border Apply djus gsrq bldk Use fd;k tkrk gSA
N. Highlight :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj dk dyj gkbZykbV djus gsrq fd;k tkrk
gSA
O. Font Color :- bldk Use Select fd;s gq;s esVj esa jax Hkjus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA

3. Drawing Bar :-
bl Bar esa fuEu Short Cut Icons cus gksrs gSa %&

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 Auto Shapes :- blesa vyx & vyx izdkj ds cus cuk;s Auto Shapes gksrs gSa ftudks fdlh
Hkh File esa Drag fd;k tk ldrk gSA
 Text Box :- blesa dksbZ Hkh Text Type fd;k tk ldrk gSA
 Insert Word Art :- fdlh Hkh Matter ij Word Art Style dks Apply djus ds dke vkrk
gSA
 Edit Text :- ;g Word Art Matter dk Text cnyus ds dke vkrk gSA
 Word Art Gallery :- blesa word fMtkbu gksrs gSa ftUgsa igys Apply fd;s x;s fMtkbu
ds LFkku ij Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
 Format Word Art :- fdlh Hkh Word Art Matter dh Line, Color, Size, Line Style
vkfn Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA
 Colours :- fdlh Hkh Word Art Matter esa dyj Effects Mkyus ds dke vkrk gSA

(i.) Lay Out :-

 In Line With Text:- bls On djus ij Word Art Matter Text ds cjkcj Set gks tkrk gSA
 Square:- Square djus ij Word Art Matter dks tgka ij ge Pkkgsa ogka ij Move dj ldrs
gSaA
 Tight:- blls Text Word Matter ds ikl esa Set gks tkrk gSA
 Behind Text :- Word Art Matter dks Text ds ihNs Set djus ds dke vkrk gSA
 In Front of Text :- Word Art Matter dks Text ds vkxs Set djus ds dke vkrk gSA

(ii.) Free Rotate:-

bls On djus ij Word Art Matter ds pkjksa rjQ Rotate Point Apply gksrk gS ftlds }kjk Word
Art Matter dks ?kqek ldrs gSaA

(iii.) Word Art Vertical Text :-

;g v{kjksa dks [kM-h fn’kk esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

(iv.) Word Art Alignment :-

Word Art Matter dk Alignment Left, Right, Center vkSj Justify esa Change djus ds dke vkrk
gSA

(v.) Word Art Character Spacing:-

fdlh Hkh Word Art Matter ds v{kjksa ds chp dh txg T;knk o de djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Insert Clip Art:- blesa vyx&vyx rjg ds Clip Arts gksrs gSa ftUgas fdlh Hkh File esa Insert
dj ldrs gSaA
a.Crop:- fdlh Hkh Image dks Cut djus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. Reset Picture:- fdlh Hkh Image esa fd;s x;s lHkh Change ,d lkFk gVkus ds dke
vkrk gSA

Fill Color:- fdlh Hkh Object esa Color Fill djus ds dke vkrk gSA
a. Shadow:- fdlh Hkh Object ds ihNs Nk;ka Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. 3D Style:- fdlh Hkh Object dks 3D Style esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

4. Menu Bar:-
blesa fuEu Options gksrs gSa%&
(i.) File Menu:-
a) Close :- ,d&,d djds File dks can djus ds dke vkrk gSA

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b) Versions :- fdlh Hkh File dks Save djus ds ckn mlesa fd;s x;s Change dh Detail
Display djrk gSA
c) Properties:- fdlh Hkh File ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr djus ds dke vkrk gSA

(ii.)Edit Menu:-
a) Paste Special:- Selected Matter dh Copy djds mls Paste Special djus ij ml Matter dh
,d Duplicate Copy rS;kj gks tkrh gS vkSj Original Matter esa og Changes
Duplicate Matter esa vius vki gks tkrs gSaA

(iii). View:-

a) Normal
b) Web layout- bu lc ds }kjk Page dks vyx&vyx rjg ls ns[k ldrs gSaA
c) Print layout-
d) Out line-
e) Tool Bar:- blesa vyx rjg ds Tool bar gksrs gSa ftUgsa On ;k Off djus ds dke vkrk
gSA
f) Ruler Bar:- ;g Ruler Bar dks On ;k Off djus ds dke vkrk gSA
g) Document map:- fdlh Hkh Heading ij tkus ds dke vkrk gSA Selected Matter ij
Heading nsus ds fy, Style esa Heading One ij Click djsaxsaA
h) Header And Footer:- fdlh Hkh Page ds Upper And Down Side esa Notes Apply djus
ds dke vkrk gSA
i) Full Screen :- iwjs Page dks Full Screen ns[kus ds dke vkrk gSA

(iv). Insert :-

a) Break:- fdlh Hkh ist dks Curser ds vkxs ls 2 Hkkxksa esa ckaVrk gSA
b) Page Number :- lHkh Page ij Number Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
c) Auto Text:- fdlh Hkh u;s Text dks Add djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls Add fd;s gq;s Matter
dk pkSFkk v{kj fy[kus ij iwjk Matter vius vki fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj Enter nckus ij
og Matter vius vki Type gks tkrk gSA
d) Field :- fdlh Hkh File esa Date And Time ;k vyx&vyx rjg ds cus cuk;s Text Add djus
ds dke vkrk gSA
e) Symbol :- ,sls Key Word tks Key Board ij miyC/k ugha gSa mUgsa viuh File esa
ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
f) Comment :- Selected Matter ij Comment nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
g) Foot Note:- fdlh Hkh Document ds vUr esa Notes Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
h) Captions :- fdlh Hkh ist esa fdlh Hkh matter ij Heading nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
i) Index and tables :- fdlh Hkh Caption ij Index ds }kjk tkus ds dke vkrk gSA
j) Picture :- fdlh Hkh File esa Chart] Clip Art, Drawing vkfn ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
k) File :- fdlh Hkh nwljh File ls viuh File eas Matter ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
l) Object :- fdlh Hkh nwljs izksxzke ls dksbZ Hkh object cukdj gekjh File eas ykus ds
dke vkrk gSA Paint brush dks Hkh Object cukdj ykus ds fy, Bitmap Image ij click
djsxsaA
m) Book mark :- dlZj Position set djds fdlh Hkh matter ij Book mark nsus ds dke
vkrk gS vkSj ml Book mark ij tkus ds fy, Go to dk iz;ksx djsxsaA
n) Hyperlink :- Selected matter dk link set djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls og selected matter
blue colour eas Display gksrk gS vkSj ml ij click djus ij og File [kqy tkrh gSA lcls
igys selected matter  Insert Hyperlink file selected  file ok ok

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(v.) Format :-

[1] Font- Selected matter dh Hkk"kk Font style, Size, Colour, underline style, underline
colour vkfn change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[2] Effecfs – Selected matter ij vyx&vyx rjg ds Effects nsus ds dke vkrk gSA

[3] Text Effecfs- Selected matter ij vyx&vyx rjg ds Text Effects nsus ds dke vkrk gSA

[4 ] paragraph  fdlh Hkh file esa left vkSj Right dh ekftZu vkSj paragraph dh chp dh txg
vkSj Alignment vkfn set djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[5] Bullets and Numbering 

a. Bullets :- fdlh Hkh Selected matter ij vyx& vyx rjg ds Bullets nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. Numbered :- selected matter ij vyx&vyx rjg ds Number nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
c. Out line Numbered :- fdlh Hkh matter ij iz’ukoyh ds vuqlkj Number nsus ds dke vkrk
gSA

[6]. Border and Shading 

a. Border :- fdlh Hkh selected matter ds pkjksa vkSj Border Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[7]. Colums  fdlh Hkh ist dsk Colums esa ckaVus ds dke vkrk gSA

[8]. Drop cap  Selected matter esa ls igys v{kj dks cM+k djus dke vkrk gSA

[9]. Text Direction  Text box esa fy[ks gq;s matter dk direction change djus ds dke vkrk
gSA
[10]. Change Case 
a. Sentence Case- Selected matter esa okD; dk igyk v{kj cM+k djus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. Lower Case- Selected lHkh v{kjksa dks NksVk djus ds dke vkrk gSA
c. Upper Case- Selected Matter esa lHkh v{kjkas dkss cM+k djus ds dke vkrk gSA
d. Title Case- Selected Matter esa ’kCnksa dks cM+k djus ds dke vkrk gSA
e. Toggle Case - Selected Matter esa gj ’kCn dk igyk v{kj NksVk djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[11]. Back ground  fdlh Hkh file dk Back ground change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[12]. Theme  blesa cuh cuk;h vyx&vyx izdkj dh colour themes gksrh gaS ftls file ij
Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[13]. Frames  fdlh Hkh file dsk vyx&vyx frames esa cnyus ds dke vkrk gSA

[14]. Style  New style ds }kjk ubZ style cukus ds dke vkrk gSA

(vi.) Tools :-

A. Language-
i. Thesaurus :-
Selected Spelling dk Ik;kZ;okph ’kCn ns[kus ds dke vkrk gSA
B. Word Count :-

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fdlh Hkh Dacument esa fy[ks gq, Matter dh Page dh la[;k] Line dh la[;k] ’kCnksa dh la[;k
vkfn dks fxudj crkrk gSA

C. Auto Summarize:- fdlh Hkh Document dh Summery cukus ds dke vkrk gSA

D. Auto Correct:- fdlh Hkh Matter dks Auto Correct esa Add djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls
Replace esa fy[kk gqvk Matter With esa cny tkrk gSA

E. Track Changes :-
i. Highlight Changer- fdlh Hkh File esa fd;s x;s Changes dks Display djrk gSA
Tools Track Changer Highlight changer  Track Changer While Editing On Options 
Changer Colour Ok Ok
ii. Accept Or Reject Changer :-
Apply fd;s gq, Track Changer dks fdlh Hkh Matter esa Highlight gq, Change dks Accept
vkSj Reject djus ds dke vkrk gSA

F. Protect Document :-
fdlh Hkh Document dks Password nsdj lqjf{kr djus ds dke vkrk gS rkfd mlesa fdlh izdkj ds
Change ugha dj ldsaA
i. Unprotect Document :-
lqjf{kr fd;s x;s Document dks Password nsdj Normal esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

G. Mail Merge :-
fdlh Hkh File dks vyx&vyx uke vkSj Address ij ,d ls T;knk ckj Copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Type Matter Tools Mail Merge Creat  From Letters Active Window Create Data 
Create Data Source Remove Field Name Add Field Name (Name,Class,Roll No.)  Ok
Save File  Edit Data Source Type (Name,Class,Roll No.)  Ok Insert Merge Field
(Name,Class, Roll No.) Merge Merge

H. Envelopes And Labels :-

fdlh Hkh File esa Envelopes cukus ds dke vkrk gS ftlesa Delivery Address vkSj Return
Address fy[kuk gksxkA
a. Letter Wizard :-
fdlh Hkh File esa Letter Format djus ds dke vkrk gSA

I. Macro :-
a. Record New Macro :-
Selected Matter ij Formating nsdj ml Formating dks fjdkMZ djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Select Matter  Tools Macro Record New Macro Type Macro Name  Ok
Change Formating  Stop Recording
b. Macros :-
Selected Matter ij Record fd;k x;k Macro Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA

J. Customize :-
i. Tool Bars-
vyx&vyx rjg ds Tool Bars dks On/Off djus ds dke vkrk gSA fdlh Hkh Option dh Short Cut
cukus ds fy, dh cksMZ esa tkdj fdlh Hkh Option ij Click djds ubZ Short Cut fy[k ds Assign
ij tkdj Click djsaxsA

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ii. Commands-
fdlh Hkh Tool Bar eas ls fdlh Hkh Option dks gVkus vkSj okil ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
k. Options :-
i. Save- fdlh Hkh Save dh xbZ File dks Password nsdj lqjf{kr djus ds dke vkrk gSA

(vii.) Table :-

i. Draw Table- fdlh Hkh File eas Table dks Draw djus ds fy,A
ii. Eraser- fdlh Hkh Line dks feVkus ds fy,A
iii. Line Style- fdlh Hkh Line Style dks cnyus ds fy,A
iv. Shading Color- fdlh Hkh lhek rd Colour Change djus ds fy,A

a. Insert Table-
fdlh Hkh File eas Table dks Insert djus ds fy,A
i. Colum To Left- fdlh Hkh Table eas Left Side eas Colum ykus ds fy,A ii.
Colum To Right-fdlh Hkh Table eas Right Side eas Colum ykus ds fy,A
iii.Rows Above- fdlh Hkh Table eas Åij dh Side eas ubZ Row ykus ds fy,A
iv. Rows Below- fdlh Hkh Table eas uhps dh Side eas ubZ Row ykus ds fy,A
b. Cells-
a. Shift Cell Right- fdlh Hkh Table eas Right Side eas ubZ Cell ykus ds fy,A
b. Shift Cell Left- fdlh Hkh Table eas Left Side eas ubZ Cell ykus ds fy,A

c. Delete-
i. Table- iwjh Table dks Delete djus ds fy,A
ii. Colums- Rows Select Colums o Rows Delete djus ds fy,A

iii. Select
TableColumRowTable,Colum ;k Row dks Select djus ds dke vkrk gSA
iv. Merge Cells- fdlh Hkh Table eas Selected Cells dks tksM+us ds dke vkrk gSA
v. Split Cells- fdlh Hkh Table eas fdlh Hkh Cell dks Colums And Rows esa ckaVus ds
fy,A
vi. Split Table- fdlh Hkh Table dks nks VqdM+ksa esa fdlh Hkh Cell dks Colums And
Rows esa ckaVus ds fy,A
vii. Table Auto Format- fdlh Hkh Table ij cus cuk;s Vscy fMtkbu Apply djus ds fy,A

d. Auto Fit-
i. Auto Fit To Contents- fdlh Hkh Table dks Matter ds fglkc ls Set djus ds fy,A
ii. Auto Fit To Window- fdlh Hkh Table dks Window ds fglkc ls Set djus ds fy,A
iii. Distribute Rows Evenly- fdlh Hkh Table esa Rows dks ,d leku djus ds fy,A
Distribute Columns Evenly- fdlh Hkh Table esa Colums dks ,d leku djus ds fy,A

e. Convert-
i. Table To Text- fdlh Hkh Table dks Text esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA
ii. Text To Table- fdlh Hkh Selected Text dks Table esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA
f. Sort- fdlh Hkh Selected Data dks A To Z ;k ZTo A esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA

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g. Formula- fdlh Hkh Table esa Left, Right, Top ;k Bottom vkfn Side ls Number tksM+us ds
dke vkrk gSA
h. Show/Hide Gridlines- fdlh Hkh Table esa Gridlines dks Hide ;k Show djus ds dke vkrk
gSA
i. Table Properties-
i. Table- fdlh Hkh Table dks Matter ds Left,Right,Corner esa Set djus ds dke vkrk gSA
ii. Cells- fdlh Hkh Cells esa Matter dk Alignment Top, Bottom vkSj Center ’kq# djus ds dke
vkrk gSA

(viii.) Window:-

i. New Window- Open dh xbZ File ds tSlh gh ubZ File [kksyus ds dke vkrk gSA
ii. Arrange All- Open dh gqbZ lHkh Window dks ,d lkFk Window esa Set djus ds dke
vkrk gSA
iii. Split- fdlh Hkh Window dks nks VqdM+ksa esa ckaVus ds dke vkrk gSA

2. Ms Excel :-
;g ,d Application Software gS] tks Function Apply djus] Marksheet cukus] Bills
cukus ;k Table cukus ds dke vkrk gSA
1. blesa izR;sd File esa rhu Sheets gksrh gSa vkSj izR;sd Sheet esa 256 Columns rFkk
65536 Rows gksrh gSaA
izR;sd Cell dk ,d Address gksrk gS tSls& R10, H45, D800 vkfn fdlh Sheet esa vafre
colums ;k Rows ij tkus ds fy, Ctrl+Arrow Keys dk Use djrs gSaA
a. Total fudkyus ds fy, %&
=Sum(Cell Address+Cell Address)
fdlh Hkh Cell esa yxk;k x;k Formula okil ns[kus ds fy, F2 dk Use djsaxsA
=Sum(Cell Address: Cell Address)
b. izfr’kr fudkyus ds fy, %&
=Total/Total Of Sum x 100
Functions Or Formulas:-
1. Maths Functions-
a. ABS (Abslute) –
fdlh Hkh la[;k dks tksM+us] ÄVkus o xq.kk] Hkkx nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
fdlh Hkh la[;k dks ÄVkus ij ekbul esa mRrj ugha nsrk gSA
Ex- ABS(50-100)= 50
b. INT (Intger) -
Point ds ckn dh la[;k gVkus ds dke vkrk gSA
=INT (89.77)= 89
c. FACT (Factor) -
xq.ku[k.M Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
d. SQRT (Square Rout) -
oxZewy Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=SQRT(144)=12
e. Power -
fdlh la[;k ij ?kkr yxkdj mldk eku Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=POWER(5,2)=25
f. Round -
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fdlh Hkh la[;k ls Point ds ckn dh la[;k gVkdj ml la[;k dks Fact la[;k esa Change djus ds dke
vkrk gSA
=ROUND(45.66,0)=46
g. Product -
nks ;k nks ls vf/kd la[;k dk vkil esa xq.kk djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=PRUDUCT(4,3,3,3)=108
h. MOD –
fdlh Hkh nks la[;k ds chp dk ’ks"kQy Kkr djus ds fy,A
=MOD(20,3) =2

i. Roman -
fdlh Hkh la[;k dks Roman la[;k esa Change djus ds fy,A T;knk ls T;knk 3999
la[;kvksa dks jkseu Hkk"kk esa Change djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=ROMAN(20)=xx
2. Text Functions :-
a. Left – fdlh Hkh cell esa fy[ks gq, matter eas ls Left Side esa copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Left (Cell Address:4)
b. Right - fdlh Hkh cell esa fy[ks gq, matter eas ls Left Side esa copy djus ds dke vkrk
gSA
=Right (Cell Address:4)
c. MID (Middle) -
fdlh Hkh matter eas ls chp esa ls copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=MID(Cell Address:6,2)
d. Proper – Selected matter dh copy title case esa djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Proper(Cell Address)
e. Upper - Selected matter dh copy upper case esa djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Upper (Cell Address )
f. Lower - Cell esa fy[ks gq, Matter ls Small Cap esa Copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Lower (Cell Address )
g. Exat - nks Cell esa fy[ks gq, ,d tSls Matter gksus ij mRrj True vkSj ,d tSls ugha gksus ij
mRrj False vkrk gSA
h. Concate Note - fdlh Hkh vyx&vyx Cell esa fy[ks gq, Matter dks tksM+dj Display djrk
gSA
=Concate Note(Cell Address…….)

i. Rept - fdlh Hkh Cell esa fy[ks gq, Matter dks ,d ls vf/kd ckj Copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA

3. Date And Time Functions:-

a. Date – fdlh Hkh Cell esa Date Enter djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Date-(Year,Month,Day)
b. Time – fdlh Hkh Cell esa Time Enter djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Time-(Hour,Minute,Second)

c. Today – fdlh Hkh Cell esa orZeku Date Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Today( )

d. Now – orZeku Date And Time nksuksa Kkr djus ds fy,A

=Now( )
e. Days 360 - fdlh Hkh nks Date ds chp ds fnu Kkr djus ds fy,A

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=Days360(Date(Year,Month,Day),Date(Year,Month,Day)
4. Statical Functions :-
a. Max –(Maximum) fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa esa lcls cM+h la[;k Kkr djus ds fy,A
=Max(Cell Address: Cell Address)

b. Min –(Minimum) fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa esa lcls NksVh la[;k Kkr djus ds fy,A
=Min(Cell Address: Cell Address)

c. Count - fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa dks fxuus ds fy,A

=Count(Cell Address: Cell Address)

d. Sum - fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa dks tksM+dj Display djrk gSA

=Sum(Cell Address: Cell Address)

e. Average - fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa dk vkSlr Kkr djrk gSA

=Average(Cell Address: Cell Address)

5. Tignonatri Functions :-
a. Sin-
b. Cos- fdUgha Hkh la[;kvksa dk Sin,Cos,Tan, ð esa Kkr djus ds fy,A
c. Tan-
=Sin(9)=0.41212

5. Data Base Functions :

Field Area
NAME SALARY
Ramesh 788
Shyam 78 Critariya
Ramesh 778 Name ,Salary
Ramesh 68 Ramesh >=1

[1]. Dmax –
fdlh Hkh Field Area esa ls fdlh uke dh Maximum Salary Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Dmax (Field Area,Salary,Critariya)
[2]. Dmin –
fdlh Hkh Name dh minimum salary Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Dmin (Field Area,Salary,Critariya)
[3]. Dcount –
fdlh Hkh Name dh salary dks fxuus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Dcount (Field Area,Salary,Critariya)
[4]. Dsum -
fdlh Hkh Name dh Salary dks tksM+dj Display djrk gSA
=Dsum (Field Area,Salary,Critariya)
[5]. Daverage -
fdlh Hkh Name dh salary dk vkSlr eku Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=Daverage (Field Area,Salary,Critariya)

6. Financial functions :

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
Rate Nper Pmt Pu
No. of payment Payment per Persent value
installment
20 1,000 12,000

a. Rate - C;kt Kkr djus ds fy,

=rate(nper,pmt,pv)
=rate(20,-1000,1200)
b. Nper - Kkr djus ds fy,
=Nper(rate,-pmt,pv)
c. Pv - Kkr djus ds fy,
=pv(rate,nper,pmt)
d. Pmt - Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gS
=pmt(rate,nper,pv)

8. Logical functions 

a. And –
lHkh Condition lgh gksus ij mRrj True crkrk gS vkSj ,d Hkh Condition xyr gksus ij mRrj
False crk;sxkA [90]
=AND (90>23,90<22,90>55)

b. OR –
lHkh Condition xyr gksus ij mRrj False nsrk gS vkSj ,d Hkh Condition lgh gksus ij
mRrj True vkrk gSA
[50]
=OR(50>58,50<46,50>12)
c. If -
fdlh Hkh Number ij nks Condition nsdj mlesa ls mRrj izkIr djus ds dke vkrk gSA [50]
=IF (50>45,”second”,”third”)
d. Not –
fdlh Hkh Condition dk mYVk mRrj nsrk gSA
[50]
=NOT( 50>12)
e. Division –
Division Kkr djus ds dke vkrk gSA
=IF(per>75,”dist”,IF(per>60,”first”,IF(per>45,”second”,IF(per>36,”third”,fail ))))
f. Supplimentry -
=IF
(and(Or(sub<36,sub<36sub<36),per>36),”sup”,if(per>75,”dist”,if(per>60,”First”,if(per>45,”
Second”,if(per>36,”third”)))))
g. C;kt fudkyus ds fy, &
=Number × Rate\100
Ex =80000 × 2\100=1600
Product Sheet

S. Prod Purcha Vat Travell Finatpurch SaleTax Commis FinalSaler FinalRound

N uct sing 4% ing asing 8% sion 1% Rate SalerRate
o. Rate Ex 2% Rate

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1 Liril 23.55 =d4x =d4x0. =Sum[D4/ =G4x8 =G4x1/1 =Sum =Round(J4,0)
Soap 4/10 2/100 f4 /100 00 G4:I4
0
Menu Bar:-
1. File Menu

2. Edit Menu -

(i.) Fill –
a. Down -
b. Right -
c. Up - bu Menusds }kjk fdlh Hkh Cell esa fy[ks gq, Matter dks
d. Left - Down,Right,Up,Leftesa Copy djrs gSaA
e. Sriger - fdlh Hkh Number dh Step Value o Stop Value nsdj Sriger cukrk gSA

(ii.) Clear -
All-
Selected Cell esa Matter Format Comment vkfn dks Delete djrk gSA

(iii.) Delete -
a. Shift Cells Left – Selected Cell dks delete djus ds dke vkrk gSA
Shift Cells Up -

b. Entire Row – Selected rows o column dks delete djus ds dke

Entire Colum - vkrk gSA

c. Delete Sheet – fdlh Hkh Sheet dks Delete djus ds dke vkrk gS vkSj
Delete fd xbZ Sheet dHkh okil ugh vkrh gSA

(iv.) Move Or Copy Sheet –

fdlh Hkh Sheet dh copy djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[3]. View :-

(i.) Page Break preview – Selected cell dks Preview eas ns[kus ds dke vkrk gSA
(ii.) Custom - views - fdlh Hkh cell ds LFkku ij dksbZ Hkh uke Add djus ds dke vkrk
gS vkSj ml ij tkus ds fy, Show dk iz;ksx djsxs A
(iii.) Comments - Selected cell ij fn;s gq,s Comments dks on o off djus ds dke
vkrk gSA

[4.] Insert –
[i.]Cell -
a. Shift cells Right - Selected cell ds LFkku ij u;h cell ykus ds Shift cell
down - dke vkrk gSA

b. Entire row – ubZ Rows vkSj colum ykus ds dke vkrk gSA
Entire Colum -

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[ii.] Work Sheet - fdlh Hkh File esa ubZ sheet ykrk gSA
[iii.] Name –
a. Define - fdlh Hkh cell address ds LFkku ij dksbZ uke add djus ds dke vkrk gS vkSj ml
Cell ij tkus ds fy, formula bar esa Name box dk iz;ksx djasxsA

[5.]Format :-

[i.] Cells-
a. Number- fdlh Hkh cell ij cuh cukbZ category Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. Alignment -
i.Text alignment - Seleated cell esa matter dk alignment top,bottom center,left,Right
esa set djus ds dke vkrk gSA
[ii.] Text control –
a. wraptext - bls on djus ij matter dks ,d column esa set dj ldrs gSA
b. Shrink to fit - bls on djus ij matter dks ,d gh cell esa set dj ldrs gSA
c. Merge cells - Selected nks ;k nks ls vf/kd cell dks ,d djus ds dke vkrh
gSA
[iii.] Row -
a. Height - Selected rows dh height c<kus ;k de djus ds dke vkrk gSA
b. Auto fit - Selected rows dks matter ds fglkc ls automatic fit djrk gSA
c. Hide -
Unhide - Selected rows dks hide o unhide djrk gSA
[iv.] Column -
a. Width - Selected colum dh pkSM+kbZ c<kus ;k de djrk gSA
b. Auto fit selection - Selected column dks matter ds fglkc ls automatic
fit djrk gSA
c. Standard width - fdlh Hkh sheet esa colum dh vkSlru pkSM+kbZ c<kus ;k de
djus ds dke vkrk gSA
[v.] Sheet :-
a. Rename - fdlh Hkh sheet dk uke change djrk gSA
[vi.] Conditional formatting -
Selected cell dks conditions ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh uEcj ij formatting djus ds
dke vkrk gSA
Select cell  format  conditional formatting  select conditions,
Ex between  type number  format  change colour  ok ok

[vii.] Style -
fdlh Hkh Sheet dh Style cnyrk gSA Sheet dh Style cnyus gsrq Modify dk Use djsaxsaA

(i.) Share Workbook -

fdlh Hkh Workbook dks Shared djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls ml File esa Protection ds vUnj
Protect Sheet dk;Z ugha djsxhA
(ii) Protection -
a. Protect Sheet -
fdlh Hkh Sheet dks Password nsdj lqjf{kr djrk gS ftlls ml Sheet esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dk cnyko
ugha fd;k tk ldsA
b. Protect Work Book –
fdlh Hkh Workbook dks Protect djrk gSA

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
c. Protect And Share Workbook -
fdlh Hkh Workbook dks Password nsdj Shared djrk gSA

(iii.) Goal Seek -

fdlh Hkh Total Cell ls Number Cell dh Value c<+krk ;k de djrk gSA
(iv.) Scenarios -
fdlh Hkh Document dh Automatic Summery cukrk gSA
(v.) Auditing -

a. Trace Precedents -
fdlh Hkh Formula Cell dks Display djrk gS fd og Cell fdu&fdu Cell ls feydj cuh gSA
b. Trace Dependents –
fdlh Hkh Number Cell ;k Formula Cell dks Display djrk gS fd og Cell fdl Cell ij fuHkZj
gSA
c. Remove All Arrows –
lHkh rhjksa dks ,d lkFk gVkrk gSA
(vi.) Options -
a. Custom List -
fdlh Hkh Name List dh Entry djus ds dke vkrk gSA

[7.] Data :-

(i.) Filter -
a. Auto Filter - fdlh Hkh Data ij Auto Filter Button On djrk gS ftlls fdlh Data dks
Hide ;k Show dj ldrs gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh MarkSheet esa Top Ten dh Rank ns[k ldrs gSaA
(ii.) Form – fdlh Hkh File esa u;s Form Record djrk gSA
(iii.) Sub Totals – Selected fdlh Hkh Total Cell dk Sub Total fudkyus ds dke vkrk gSA
(iv.) Validation –
fdlh Hkh Number vkSj Text ds ckjs esa fdlh Hkh Cell esa Validation nsrk gS ftlls ml Cell ds
vUnj Valid Number ds vykok dksbZ nwljk Number ugha Mky ldrsA
(v.) Text To Columns –
fdlh Hkh ,d Cell esa fy[sk gq, Matter dks Columns esa ckaVrk gSA
(vi.) Consolidate –
fdlh Hkh Name dh Salary crkrk gSA

(vii.) Group And Outline –

a. Group –
Selected Colums And Rows dks Group djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls Colums And Rows ij
Groupline vk tkrh gS vkSj mlds }kjk fdlh Hkh Data dks Hide ;k Show dj ldrs gaS A
b. UnGroup – Groupline dks gVkus ds dke vkrh gSA
c. Auto Outline – fdlh Hkh Colum ij Automatic Outline ykus ds dke vkrk
d. Settings-
fdlh Hkh Group fd;s x;s fdlh Hkh ij Rows vkSj Column dh ykbu dks Nqikrk gSA

(viii.) Pivote Table And Pivot Chart Report-

fdlh Hkh Data dk Automatic Chart cukrk gSA

(ix.) Get External Data –

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
a. Import Text File -
fdlh Hkh nwljh Text File ds Matter dks viuh File esa ykrk gSA
(x.) Refresh Data -
Import Text File ds }kjk yk;s x;s u;s Text esa fdlh izdkj ds fd;s x;s Changes dks
orZeku File esa ykrk gSA
8. Window :-

(i.) Split – fdlh Hkh File dks 4 VqdM+ksa esa ckaVrk gSaA
(ii.) Freeze Panes -
fdlh Hkh Cell dks Freeze djrk gSa ftlls ml Cell dks fdlh Hkh rjQ Move ugha dj ldrs gSaA

3. Ms Power Point :

bldk iwjk uke Microsoft Powerpoint gSA ;g ,d Application Software gS tks Presention File
cukus vkSj ml ij Animation nsus dk dk dk;Z djrk gSA

Ms Power Point dks [kksyuk :-

i. Start All Programs Microsoft Office Ms Power Point
ii. Run ij tkdj power pnt fy[kdj Ok djsaxsA
iii. Start Menu ij Pin fd;k gqvk gks rks ml ij Click djsaxsA
iv. Desktop ij Power Point dk Icon cuk gks rks ml ij Click djsaxsA
1. Blank Presentation :-
blds vUnj vyx&vyx rjg dh cuh cukbZ [kkyh Slides gksrh gSa ftls Presentation File cukus
ds fy, dke ysrs gSaA bUgsa F5 ls Full Screen ij ns[k ldrs gSaA
2. Design Template :-
blesa vyx&vyx rjg dh cuh cukbZ Designs gksrh gSa ftls fdlh Hkh Slide ij Apply dj ldrs
gSaA

3. Auto Content Wizard :-

blesa vyx&vyx rjg dh cuh cukbZ Presentation File gksrh gSa ftls Open djds ns[k ldrs
gSaA
4. Open An Existing Presentation :-
fdlh Save dh xbZ Presentation File dks [kskyrk gSA

Menu Bar :-

1. Slide Show -
a. View Show-
b. Custom Amination -
fdlh Hkh Slide ij vyx&vyx rjg ds Animation nsus ds dke vkrk gSA
c. Present Animation -
fdlh Hkh Animation ds LFkku ij dksbZ nwljk Animation Apply djus ds dke vkrk gSA
d. Slide Transition -
fdlh Hkh Slide dks Automatic pykus ds dke vkrk gSA
e. Rehearse Timngs -
fdlh Hkh Slide dks Timing ds vuqlkj pykus ds dke vkrk gSA
f. Set Up Show –

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
fdlh Hkh Slide dks fcuk #ds yxkrkj pykus ds dke vkrk gS rFkk fdlh Hkh Slide dks jksdus
ds fy, Esc Button dk Use djsaxs rFkk pykus ds fy, ‘Loop Continuously Unit Esc’ ij Click
djsaxsA
g. Action Buttons –
fdlh Hkh Slide ds vUnj fdlh Hkh nwljh File Presentation Set djus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls Esc
Button ij Click djus ij Set dh xbZ File dk Presentation pkyw jgrk gSA

Slide Show  Action Buttons  Select Action Buttons  Creat Action Buttons
In File  Mouse Click  None  Mouse Over Hyperlink to  Other Powerpoint
Presentations  Select Animation File Ok  Ok

h. Hide Slides –
fdlh Hkh slide dks Nqikus ds dke vkrk gS ftlls Hide dh xbZ Slide f5 esa fn[kkbZ ugha
nsrh gSA
I. Custom Shows –
New ds }kjk fdlh Slide dks Add djds fn gqbZ Slide dks Show ds }kjk full screen ij ns[k
ldrs gSaA
2. Edit Menu :-
Duplicate –
fdlh Slide dh copy dks Hkh object cukus ds dke vkrk gSA
3. View :-
i. Slide Sorter -
fdlh Hkh File esa cuh lHkh Slide esa ,d lkFk esa NksVs #i esa ns[kus ds dke vkrk gSA
ii. Black And White -
fdlh Hkh Slide dks Black And White djus ds dke vkrk gSA
3. Insert :-
i. New Slide - fdlh Hkh File esa ubZ Slide ykrk gSA
ii. Duplicate Slide -
fdlh Hkh Slide esa Duplicate Copy cukrk gS vkSj bls ns[kus ij File pyrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh
gSA
iii. Slide Number -
Date And Time -
fdlh Hkh Slide ij Slide Number vkSj Date And Time nsrk gSA
iv. Slides From Files -
fdlh Hkh Presentation File esa ls fdlh Hkh Slide dks orZeku File esa ykrk gSA
v. Slides From Outline -
fdlh Hkh Fax File ds Matter dks orZeku File esa ykrk gSA
vi. Movies And Sounds -
a. Sound From File - fdlh Hkh Sound File dks orZeku File esa Insert djrk gSA

4. Format :-
i. Slide Layout - fdlh Hkh Slide dh Layout cnyrk gSA
ii.Slide Colors Scheme –
fdlh Hkh Slide ij cuh cukbZ Color Scheme Apply djrk gSA

4. Ms Access :-

bls Microsoft Access dgrs gSaA ;g (DBMS) Data Base Management System ij vk/kkfjr
Application Software gSA Microsoft Windows esa iz;qDr gksus okyk ;g egRoiw.kZ

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Electronic Spreadsheet gS ftlesa Numeric Calculations, Data Analysis rFkk Data Modelling
dk dk;Z vklkuh ls fd;k tkrk gSA
Ms Access esa ge fofHkUu dk;Z lEikfnr dj ldrs gSa tks fuEu gSa %&
Workbook Open dj ldrs gSaA
Workbook Save dj ldrs gSaA
Worksheet esa Data Enter dj ldrs gSaA
Entry 3 rjg ls djrs gSa&

Text Entry
Numeric Entry
c. Formula
iv. Worksheet dks Move dj ldrs gSaA
Row ;k Columns dks Insert dj ldrs gSaA
Row ;k Columns dks Delete dj ldrs gSaA
Data dks Copy ;k Move dj ldrs gSaA
Data dks vko’;drkuqlkj Formatting dj ldrs gSaA
Formulas Create dj ldrs gSaA

Internet

bldk egRoiw.kZ dke gS lwpukvksa dks ,d Computer ls vU; Computers dks Hkstuk tks
Electronic Mail (E-Mail) ds ek/;e ls Hksth tkrh gSaA (www) World Wide Web ds }kjk ge
lEiw.kZ nqfu;ka ls tqM+ ldrs gSa rFkk gesa lekpkj] [ksy] f’k{kk rFkk pyfp= vkfn tks Hkh
tkudkjh pkfg, oks izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

Internet ds fy, vko’;d midj.k %&

i. Computer ii. Modem iii. Programme iv. Telephone
Line v. Service Provider

orZeku esa Mobile daiuh }kjk Provide Connection ;k cktkj esa vusd Companys ds
Internet Connection ds Cards miyC/k gSa ftudks Computer ls tksM+dj lh/kk Internet ls
tqM+k tk ldrk gSA

Working On Internet :-
System esa Desktop ij cuk Icon tks Internet Explorer ds uke ls gS ml ij Mouse ls Click
djsaxsA

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
vc [kqyh gqbZ Address Bar esa About Blank ds LFkku ij og Address Type djsaxs ftl ij gesa
tkuk gSA
fofHkUu izdkj ds Search Engines Hkh vktdy Market esa miyC/k gSa] tSls
Google lokZf/kd mi;ksx esa fy;k tkus okyk Search Engine gSA
dbZ izdkj dh Internet Facilities gesa vusd rjg dh Sites Provide djkrh gSaA
Internet ij ge viuk Personal Account Hkh Create dj ldrs gSaA
Some Special And Important Sites :-
www.Google.com
www.Samachar.com
www.Rajasthan.com
www.Bharat.com
www.Naukari.com
www.song.pc.com
www.India.com
h. www.School.com
bu Sites ij tkdj ge Important tkudkfj;ka izkIr dj ldrs gS] tks vko’;d gks ml File dks Download
dj ldrs gSa ;k Paper ij Print fudky ldrs gSaA

CD/ DVD Writing And Virus Protection

CD/DVD Writing :-
Computer esa Cd ;k DVD writing ds fy, Operating System esa write djus dk Application
Software gksuk vko’;d gS Nero bldk fo’oluh; mnkgj.k gS tks Cd ;k DVD write djrk gSA
orZeku esa Nero ds vusd Versions cktkj esa miyC/k gSaA

Nero esa Cd/DVD cukuk %&

Nero dk Use djds Cd ;k DVD cukuk vklku gSA loZizFke Nero ds Icon ij Click djrs gSa rks
gekjs lkeus Nero dh Screen Open gks tk;sxh A ;gka ls Cd ;k DVD tks cukuh gks mls Select
djsaxsA vc mldk izdkj Data/Mp3/Video dks Select djsaxs rr~I’pkr~ Open Screen ij Add
Option ij Click djds ftls ge Write djuk pkgrs gksa mls Select djds Ok ij Click djsaxs rks
uhps dh rjQ ,d Green iV~Vh fn[ksxh tks crk;sxh fd gekjs }kjk Selected fdruk Data
Cd/DVD ij vk;sxk ;fn mlds vkxs Red iV~Vh fn[ksxh rsk dqN Data Delete djuk gksxk
rFkk Cd/DVD Rom Drive esa Blank Cd/DVD Mkydj Next cVu ij Click djds Burn ij Click
djus ds ckn Cd/DVD Write gksdj vius vki ckgj vk tk;sxhA

Computer Virus :-
Virus ,sls Programs gksrs gSa tks Computer ds Normal Function dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA

Virus ls Computer dks gksus okyh gkfu;ka :-

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
i. Computer dh Speed dks de dj nsrs gSaA
ii. Hard Disk dks Formate dj nsrs gSaA
iii. Files dh Size cny nsrs gSaA
iv. Screen ij csdkj dh lwpuk;sa Display dj nsrs gSaA
v. Computer esa mi;ksxh lwpuk;sa u"V dj nsrs gSaA

Virus QSyus ds dkj.k %&

i. Virus ;qDr System ls dksbZ Program/Data nwljs System esa Copy djus lsA
ii. Pirated Software ds iz;ksx djus lsA
iii. vkil esa Computers dk tqM+k gksukA
iv. Computer dk Internet ls tqM+k gksukA
v. System esa Updated Anti Virus dk uk gksukA

Virus Protection :- cpko

i. ;fn System Hang gksrk gks rks Virus Check djsaA
ii. Pendrive, Floppy Drive vkfn dks fcuk Scan fd;s Use esa uk ysaA
iii. Internet Files dks Download djus ls igys Scan t#j djsaA
iv. System esa Video Games dh CD Use esa uk ysaA
v. Computer esa le;&le; ij Anti Virus pykuk pkfg, rFkk mUgsa Update djrs jguk pkfg,A
dqN Anti Virus fuEu gSa %&
Norton, P.C. Cillin, Smart Dog, Red Alert, Macfee, Awast, Quick Heal vkfnA

Computer basic course notes Page 44