Basic Trig Identities
Basic Trig Identities
Basic Trig Identities
Identities and
Equations
By the end of this chapter, you should be
able to:
-identify non-permissible values for trigonometric
expressions
-show that a trigonometric identity is true for all
permissible values of the variable by using
algebra (not just by substituting numbers in for
the variable or by graphing)
-Use trigonometric identities to simplify more
complicated trigonometric expressions
Trigonometric Identities
Quotient Identities
sin
tan
cos
cos
cot
sin
Reciprocal Identities
1
sin
csc
1
cos
sec
1
tan
cot
Pythagorean Identities
sin2+ cos2 = 1
tan2+ 1 = sec2
cot2+ 1 = csc2
sin2= 1 - cos2
tan2= sec2- 1
cot2= csc2- 1
cos2 = 1 - sin2
5.4.3
x 2 + y2 =
1
sin + cos = 1
Pythagorean
Identity!
another
Pythagorean
Identity
Reciproc
al
Identity
sin
1 + cot =
sin22
Quotie csc
nt
Identit
y
a third
Pythagorean
Identity
Reciproc
al
Identity
1
1
4
sec
cos 3
3
4
3
sin 2 1
5
25 9
sin 2
25 25
16
2
sin
25
4
sin
5
1
1
5
csc
sin 4
4
5
cos
1
cos
2
sec
cot 2
1 sin2
b)
cos 2
2
sin
2
cos
1
cos 2
1
2
2
sin cos
1
sin2
csc 2
5.4.5
1
cos x
sin x
2
1 2 tan x tan x 2
cos x
1 tan2 x 2tan x 2 tan x
2
(1 tan x) 2 sinx
sec2 x
d)
csc x
tan x cot x
1
sinx
sinx cos x
cos x sin x
1
sinx
sin2 x cos 2 x
sin xcos x
1
sinx
1
sinx cos x
1
sinx cos x
sinx
1
cos x
Simplify each
expression.
cos x
cos x
sin x
sin x
sin
cos
sin
1 sin x
cos x
sin x cos x
1
sin
sin cos
1
sec
cos
cos2 x sin 2 x
sin x
sin x
cos2 x sin 2 x
sin x
1
csc x
sin x
tanxcosx
sin
x cosx
tanx
cos x
tanxcosx = sin x
sec x
csc x
1
cos
sec x
csc
1x
sin x
1
sinx
x
cos x
1
sin x
cos x
= tan x
cos2x - sin2x
cos x
cos2x - sin
1 2x
cos x
= sec x
Example
Simplify:
= cot3 x
Simplify
Example
Simplify:
Simplify numerator
Use pythagorean id
Your Turn!
Combine
fraction
Simplify the
numerator
Use pythagorean
identity
Use Reciprocal
Identity
sin x
tan x
cos x
tan x csc x
Simplify:
sec x
simplify
sin x 1
cos x sin x
1
cos x
1
cos x
1
cos x
1
csc x
sin x
1
sec x
cos x
= 1 sin 2 x sin x 1
= sin 2 x sin x 2
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x
(or 60 45)
cos15 cos(45 30 )
o
5
(b) cos
12
cos
2 3
2 1
6 2
2 2
2 2
4
2 3
5
cos
cos cos(45 30)
12
12 12
6 4
cos cos sin sin
6
4
6
4
3 2 1 2
6 2
2 2 2 2
4
sin(45
30
)
(a)
sin 45o cos 30o cos 45o sin 30o
2 3
2 1
6 2
2 2
2 2
4
tan
(b) tan
12
3 4
tan tan
3
4
1 tan tan
3
4
3 1
1 3 1
2 3
(c) sin 40cos 160 cos 40sin 160
=sin(40-160)
3
= sin(120)
2
Example
Find the exact value of ( cos 80 cos 20 sin 80 sin 20) .
cos 60 1/2
Example
7
sin cos cos sin
12 12
12 12
Solution:
sin
cos cos
sin
12
12
12
12
6
7
sin
sin
12
12 12
sin 1
2
DOUBLEANGLE
IDENTITIES
sin2sincos
cos2cosin
22
cos 1 sin
2
t
a
n
t
a
n
12tan21
tan
2
t
tanan
Double-angle Formula for Tangent
sctioansn22
s
i1c
co22tsan
n
s
o
2
i21n
Summary of
Double-Angle Formulas
cos x
cos 2 x
cos x sin x
sin x
sin x
sin x
cos 2 x sin 2 x
1
csc x
sin x
sin x
Your Turn:
Cosine Sum and Difference Identities
Find the exact value of cos 75.
Click for answer.
2 2 2 2
4
Your Turn:
Sine Sum and Difference Identities
Find the exact value of
Click for answer.
7
sin .
12
7
3 4
sin
sin
sin
12
12 12
4 3
2 1
2 3
2 6
2 2
2 2
4
sin 2 x
8
2 2
sin x
9
3
2 2 1 4 2
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x 2
3 3
9