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    Grade 9 Math Exam Study Notes

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    cynthia_88
    This document provides study notes on various math concepts including: 1) Linear relationships have a straight line graph and direct variations follow the equation y=mx. Fractional variations require creating a new x-value. 2) Non-linear relationships include partial variations with the equation y=mx+b, exponential relationships denoted by ∆2, and parabolas formed from quadratic relationships denoted by ∆3. 3) Slope determines points on a line, with steeper lines having a higher slope number. Parallel lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts, while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals.

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    Grade 9 Math Exam Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    cynthia_88
    14K views6 pages
    This document provides study notes on various math concepts including: 1) Linear relationships have a straight line graph and direct variations follow the equation y=mx. Fractional variations require creating a new x-value. 2) Non-linear relationships include partial variations with the equation y=mx+b, exponential relationships denoted by ∆2, and parabolas formed from quadratic relationships denoted by ∆3. 3) Slope determines points on a line, with steeper lines having a higher slope number. Parallel lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts, while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals.

    Original Description:

    brief on cocepts I needed to review

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    This document provides study notes on various math concepts including: 1) Linear relationships have a straight line graph and direct variations follow the equation y=mx. Fractional variations require creating a new x-value. 2) Non-linear relationships include partial variations with the equation y=mx+b, exponential relationships denoted by ∆2, and parabolas formed from quadratic relationships denoted by ∆3. 3) Slope determines points on a line, with steeper lines having a higher slope number. Parallel lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts, while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    14K views6 pages

    Grade 9 Math Exam Study Notes

    Uploaded by

    cynthia_88
    This document provides study notes on various math concepts including: 1) Linear relationships have a straight line graph and direct variations follow the equation y=mx. Fractional variations require creating a new x-value. 2) Non-linear relationships include partial variations with the equation y=mx+b, exponential relationships denoted by ∆2, and parabolas formed from quadratic relationships denoted by ∆3. 3) Slope determines points on a line, with steeper lines having a higher slope number. Parallel lines have the same slope but different y-intercepts, while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 6
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are the different types of relationships between variables including linear, direct variation, partial variation, exponential, quadratic and weak relationships. It also discusses slope, y-intercept, parallel and perpendicular lines.

    The different types of relationships discussed are linear, direct variation, partial variation, exponential, quadratic and weak relationships.

    The different types of angles that can be formed are alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles, corresponding angles, and supplementary angles.

    Math Exam Study Notes

    Linear: When a graph of a relation is a straight line.


    Direct Variation: has an equation of the y=mx, meaning that the line crosses the y-axis
    at 0.
    Fraction in Direct Variation: You must create new x.

    Y= ½ X
    New x X Y
    -2 -1 -1
    0 0 0
    2 1 1

    Partial Variation: has an equation of the form y=mx+b and does not cross the y-axis at
    0.
    Exponential Relationship: ∆2.
    Quadratic Relationship: ∆3.
    Parabola: formed when ∆3 occurs.
    Variable: an expression that can change a relation.
    Independent Variable: The variable that does not depend on the other (x)
    Dependent Variable: The variable that depends on the other variable (y).

    Conditions for linear relationships:

    Rate Triangle: can be drawn between any two points. It determines how steep a line is.
    Definitions of slope:
    •

    Role of slope: The slop determines certain points on a line. The y-intercept also helps.
    Steeper line: slope is a higher number, meaning line is closer to y-axis.

    Vertical Lines: have an undefined slop because they have no y-intercept (b,0), and the
    equation of the line is x=b.
    Horizontal lines: have no x-intercept, and are parallel to the x-axis. Slope of 0 (0,a) and
    the equation of the line is y=a.
    Parallel lines: have same slope but different y-intercepts.
    Perpendicular lines: have slopes that are negative reciprocals and different y-intercepts.

    Non-linear relationship: if a single smooth curve can be drawn through every point.
    Weak Relationship: if the data has no obvious pattern either in the table of values, or on
    the plot of the data points.

    Correlation coefficient (r): when graphing technology is used, correlation coefficient for
    a line is given. This measures goodness of fit of the line to the data. If the regression line
    fits the data exactly, and has a positive slop, then r=1. If the line fit the data exactly and
    has a negative slope r=-1.
    Point of Intersection: when two lines are graphed on the same set of axes, they may
    cross each other. This point identifies where the variables are equal in two different
    relationships.

    Linear Regression Equation (how to calculate the equation of a line of best fit):

    Displacement: in a problem involving movement, the graph shows this (distance, height.
    Or depth) versus time. Distance, height or depth is the dependent variable and time is the
    independent variable.
    Velocity: is the rate of change in this relationship. V= ∆d = the change in displacement
    ∆t the change in time
    - In a linear relationship, the velocity is constant.
    - In a nonlinear relationship, the velocity changes with time. This means there is
    non-zero acceleration or deceleration.

    Sets of numbers and how to operate in I and Q: see other study page.

    Exponent Rules:
    Rational Exponents:

    •
    = (√49)^1
    =7

    •
    = (3√-125)^2
    =(-5)^2
    =25

    •
    =(49/36)^3/2
    =(√49/36)^3
    =(7/60^3
    =243/216

    •
    = -21a ^3/2 + 1/5
    = -21a ^15/10 + 2/10
    = -21a ^17/10

    Exponential Growth: if the constant multiplier is greater than 1. (nonlinear relationship)


    Scientific notation: 0.0000000 5 = .5x10^-8 ; 2 000 000 = 2.0 x 10^6
    • Multiplying with exponents: add the exponents
    • Dividing with exponents: subtract exponents.
    • Dealing with a negative exponent: put the exponent over 1.
    • When dealing with brackets: multiply exponents.
    • Exponent to a fraction: x^n/y^n
    • Multiplication in brackets to an exponent: multiply each variable or number by
    the exponent.

    Changing non-terminating decimals: x= 0.6666666  10x=6.66666  10x-x=6 


    9x=6
    100x= 27.2727272727
    -x = 0.27272727

    99x= 27
    x= 27/99 = 3/11

    Types of Q/Rationals: Fractions (proper and improper)


    -Mixed Numbers
    -Integers
    -Terminating Decimals
    -Periodic Decimals

    Ratio: comparing two or more items with the same unit.


    Percentage: type of ratio.
    Rate: two equal ratios form this proportion.
    Quotient: the answer to a division problem.
    Period: the block over repeating digits.
    Divisor: the number which is dividend. (42/7...7 is the divisor)
    Basic type of Ratio word problems:

    • Warren Jason and Robert score goals in ratios of 3:7:4. If Robert got 56 goals,
    how many did the others get?

    • Dylan, Mike and Amanda bought a lottery ticket by contributing 2,5,7. They won
    560 000$, how much money will each get?
    Percentages:

    90% of 240 X
    240 * 100 = 90%
    1290 is what % of 750 1290
    750 * 100 = %
    186 is 60% of? 186
    x * 100 = 60%
    154% of what # is 154?

    Percentage into fraction: 6%= 0.6 = 6/100 then reduce= 3/50.

    Transversal: a line that intersects a pair of angles.


    In a Polygon with n sides:
    • The sum of the interior angles is 180(n-2)۫
    • The sum of the exterior angles is 360

    Composite Figures: two dimensional shapes made from a combination of several


    different shapes.

    Alternate Interior Angles: congruent angles formed by two parallel lines cut by a transversal;
    located on opposite sides of the transversal between the parallel lines

    Alternate Exterior: When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, the two pairs of angles on
    opposite sides of the transversal and outside the parallel lines

    Supplementary Angles: Two angles for which the sum of their measures is 180 degrees.

    Vertex: A point where lines, rays, sides of a polygon or edges of a polyhedron meet (corner).

    Corresponding: Two angles that lie on the same side of the transversal, in corresponding
    positions with respect to the two lines that the transversal intersects.

    -remote interior
    -remote exterior
    Degree of a Polynomial: The highest exponent when there is a situation of addition or
    subtraction. In the case of multiplication, we add the exponents.

    Monomial: one single term.


    Binomial: an expression consisting of the sum or difference of two monomials (see the
    definition of monomial), such as 4a-8b.
    Trinomial: Three terms.

    Coefficient: the term multiplying. For ex. 3y = 3 is the coefficient.


    Variables: values that can change a relationship. (often letters)

    Other Key Words:


    -Origin
    -Rate Triangle
    -Cartesian Plane
    -Order of Operations
    -Absolute Value
    -Prime Number: is a whole number greater than 1 with exactly to factors: 1 and the number itself.
    -Additive inverse: 3 = -3
    -Proportion: two equations form this.
    -Quotient: the result of dividing one number by another.

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