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    Synchronous Optical Network (Sonet)

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    abhinav.kishore891729
    The document discusses Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standards including: 1) SONET defines standardized bit rates for optical carrier (OC) signals up to OC-192 (9953.28 Mb/s). 2) The basic building block is the Synchronous Transport Signal level 1 (STS-1) frame with 90 bytes transmitted over 125 microseconds. 3) Higher order STS frames are created by multiplexing lower order STS frames using single-step or two-step multiplexing.

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    Synchronous Optical Network (Sonet)

    Uploaded by

    abhinav.kishore891729
    27 views16 pages
    The document discusses Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standards including: 1) SONET defines standardized bit rates for optical carrier (OC) signals up to OC-192 (9953.28 Mb/s). 2) The basic building block is the Synchronous Transport Signal level 1 (STS-1) frame with 90 bytes transmitted over 125 microseconds. 3) Higher order STS frames are created by multiplexing lower order STS frames using single-step or two-step multiplexing.

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    oc notes

    Original Title

    oc6thsem,So Net

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    The document discusses Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standards including: 1) SONET defines standardized bit rates for optical carrier (OC) signals up to OC-192 (9953.28 Mb/s). 2) The basic building block is the Synchronous Transport Signal level 1 (STS-1) frame with 90 bytes transmitted over 125 microseconds. 3) Higher order STS frames are created by multiplexing lower order STS frames using single-step or two-step multiplexing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views16 pages

    Synchronous Optical Network (Sonet)

    Uploaded by

    abhinav.kishore891729
    The document discusses Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standards including: 1) SONET defines standardized bit rates for optical carrier (OC) signals up to OC-192 (9953.28 Mb/s). 2) The basic building block is the Synchronous Transport Signal level 1 (STS-1) frame with 90 bytes transmitted over 125 microseconds. 3) Higher order STS frames are created by multiplexing lower order STS frames using single-step or two-step multiplexing.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Synchronous Optical Network

    (SONET)
    SIGNAL HIERARCHY
    SONET vs SDH BIT RATES

    SONET SDH
    SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL BIT RATE SYNCHRONOUS
    TRANSPORT SIGNAL CARRIER Mb/s TRANSPORT MODULE
    STS-1 OC-1 51.84 ----
    STS-3 OC-3 155.52 STM-1
    STS-9 OC-9 466.56 ----
    STS-12 OC-12 622.08 STM-4
    STS-18 OC-18 933.12 ---
    STS-24 OC-24 1244.16 ---
    STS--36 OC-36 1866.24 ---
    STS-48 OC-48 2488.32 STM-16
    STS-192 OC-192 9953.28 STM-64
    *BIT RATES FOR HIGHER ORDER IS N-TIMES THE LOWER ORDER
    SONET Architecture

    STS STS
    PTE PTE
    LTE LTE
    SONET STE STE STE SONET
    Terminal Mux reg reg reg Mux Terminal
    Section Section
    STS Line
    STS-1 Path

    STE: Section Terminating Equipment, e.g. a repeater


    LTE: Line Terminating Equipment, e.g. a STS-1 to STS-3 multiplexer
    PTE: Path Terminating Equipment, e.g. an STS-1 multiplexer
    SONET frame

    90 bytes

    B B B 87B
    Section
    Overhead 3 rows
    Information
    9 Rows
    Payload
    Line
    Overhead 6 rows

    Transport 125 s
    overhead

    SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope

    SONET STS – 1 Frame Structure


    Rate of STS – 1

    (90 X 9 X 8) / 125

    51.84 Mb/s
    Transmitting a STS – 1 Frame

    Row by Row (Similar as SDH)


    Virtual Tributaries
    VTs :- Small containers that are used to transport user payloads.

    VT Capacities:-

    VT 1.5 VT 2 VT 3 VT 6
    1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
    2 2 2 2
    3 3 3 3
    4 4 4 4
    5 5 5 5
    6 6 6 6
    7 7 7 7
    8 8 8 8
    9 9 9 9

    27 Bytes 36 Bytes 54 Bytes 108 Bytes


    VTs type and Payload Rates

    VT type Cls/VT Bytes/VT VTs/Group VTs/SPE VT Payload


    Rates (Mb/s)

    VT 1.5 3 27 4 28 1.728

    VT 2 4 36 3 21 2.304

    VT 3 6 54 2 14 3.456

    VT 6 12 108 1 7 6.912
    SPE Group

    SPE contain 87 Column


    Payload capacity = 87 – (One Column for POH) – (Two Column for Fixed Stuff)
    = 84 Column
    These 84 Column partioned in 7 groups
    Each Group has 12 Column
    SPE Group (Cont….)
    4 X VT 1.5 Group
    1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
    2 2 2 2
    3 3 3 3
    4 4 4 4
    5 5 5 5
    6 6 6 6
    7 7 7 7
    8 8 8 8
    9 9 9 9
    SPE Group (Cont….)

    Similarly 3 X VT 2 = Group
    2 X VT 3 = Group
    1 X VT 6 = Group
    SPE Group (Cont….)
    Gp 1 Gp 2 Gp 3 Gp 4 Gp 5 Gp 6 Gp 7

    Each Group
    may contain
    one VT type

    P
    Two Columns
    are for
    O
    “Fixed Stuff”

    H
    SONET – Groups and SPE Structure
    X768
    Mbps 39813.12 STS-768
    X4
    X192
    OC-192
    Mbps 9953.28
    STS-192
    STS-1 X1 DS3
    X4 44.736Mbps

    X48 SPE
    OC-48
    STS-48
    Mbps 2488.32
    X1 E4
    X4 139.264Mbps

    OC-12 X12
    STS-12
    Mbps 622.080
    X4
    OC-3 STS-3C X4
    Mbps 155.52
    STS-3 VT1.5 DS1
    SPE 1.544Mbps

    X3
    X3 E1
    X1 STS-1 X7 VT VT2
    STS-1 2.048Mbps
    SPE GROUP
    X2 DSIC
    VT3 3.152Mbps

    X1 DS2
    SONET Multiplication Hierarchy VT6 6.312Mbps
    STS-N Frame

    Single-Step multiplexer

    STS-1 1
    STS-1 2
    STS-N

    STS-1 N

    STS-N Single Stage Multiplexing


    Two-Step Multiplexer

    1
    STS-1 STS-3
    2
    STS-1
    3
    STS-1

    Single Stage STS-12


    Max.

    1
    STS-1
    STS-3
    2
    STS-1
    3
    STS-1
    Single stage
    Max.
    STS-N Frame structure

    N X 90 Columns

    Section
    OH
    POH:N
    C N * 783 Bytes SPE
    O
    9 Rows
    L
    Line OH U
    M
    N
    s

    N X 3 OH N * 87 Payload Envelope

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