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Instrumentation Interview Questions and Answers will guide us now that

Instrumentationisthebranchofsciencethatdealswithmeasurementandcontrol.AndInstrumentis
a device that measures or manipulates variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure.
Instrumentsincludemanyvariedcontrivanceswhichcanbeassimpleasvalvesandtransmitters,
and as complex as analyzers. Learn more about Instrumentation or get preparation of
InstrumentationJobsInterviewwiththisGuide.

Instrument Fitters
50 Instrumentation Questions and Answers:
1 :: How to write the program for single push button by using Ladder diagram? (Answer.php?
a=How_to_write_the_program_for_single_push_button_by_using_Ladder_diagram)
1.CreateaPushbutton
2.ConnectaCounterseriestoPB
3.Createacomparebutton
4.Initialize1atoneend
5.Counteroutputinanother
6.ConnecttheCoilwhichhastobeenergized
7.Initialize2atoneend
8.Counteroutputinanother
9.ConnecttheCoilwhichhastobereenergized.

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2 :: What is remote mount with MTA option? (In case of Dual Sensor Vortex Flowmeter, rosemount
has written in its Catalog drawings)? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_remote_mount_with_MTA_option)
RemotemountwithMTAmeansMTAconnectorformountingremoteconnection.
MTAistheConnectorusedforconnection.GenerallywecalleditMTAConnector.
TherearemanytypesofMTAconnectorsuchasMTA100connectors,Mta156connectorsetc...

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3 :: Why 4-20 mA signal is preferred over a 0-10V signal? (Answer.php?a=Why_420_mA_signal_is_preferred_over_a_0-10V_signal)

Generallyinatransistorsomeamountofvoltageisrequiredforturningiton.Thisvoltageisthecut
involtage.Uptothisvoltagetheexistsanonlinearityinitscharacteristics.Beyondthiscutinvoltage
thechar.oftransistorislinear.Thisnonlinearregionlaysbetween04ma,beyond4maitlinear.This
iswhy420marangeisused.

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4 :: Can we use a control valve without positioner? (Answer.php?

a=Can_we_use_a_control_valve_without_positioner)
Controlvalvecannotbewithoutpositioner.Thepurposeofthepositioneristocontrolthecontrol
valvestrokesoastokeepthevalveindesiredposition.Thepositionerreceivessignalfromthe
controller,andsendtheboostedsignaltotheactuatortoreachthedesiredpositionasandwhenthe
valvereachesthedesiredpositionthepositionercutstheboostedsignaltotheactuatorandkeeps
theposition.

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5 :: What is Instrumentation Measurement? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_Instrumentation_Measurement)
Instrumentationcanbeusedtomeasurecertainfieldparameters(physicalvalues):

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Thesemeasuredvaluesinclude:
*pressure,eitherdifferentialorstatic
*flow
*temperatureTemperature_measurement
*levelLevelMeasurement
*density
*viscosity
*radiation
*current
*voltage
*inductance
*capacitance
*frequency
*resistivity
*conductivity
*chemicalcomposition
*chemicalproperties
*variousphysicalproperties

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6 :: What is Instrumentation Control? (Answer.php?a=What_is_Instrumentation_Control)

Inadditiontomeasuringfieldparameters,instrumentationisalsoresponsibleforprovidingtheability
tomodifysomefieldparameters.
Someexamplesinclude:
DeviceFieldParameter(s)
ValveFlow,Pressure
RelayVoltage,Current
SolenoidPhysicalLocation,Level
CircuitbreakerVoltage,Current

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7 :: What is Instrumentation Instrumentation engineering? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_Instrumentation_Instrumentation_engineering)
Instrumentationengineeringistheengineeringspecializationfocusedontheprincipleandoperation
ofmeasuringinstrumentswhichareusedindesignandconfigurationofautomatedsystemsin
electrical,pneumaticdomainsetc.Theytypicallyworkforindustrieswithautomatedprocesses,
suchaschemicalormanufacturingplants,withthegoalofimprovingsystemproductivity,reliability,
safety,optimizationandstability.

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8 :: What is Instrumentation technologists and mechanics? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_Instrumentation_technologists_and_mechanics)
Instrumentationtechnologists,techniciansandmechanicsspecializeintroubleshootingand
repairinginstrumentsandinstrumentationsystems.Thistradeissointertwinedwithelectricians,
pipefitters,powerengineers,andengineeringcompanies,thatonecanfindhim/herselfinextremely
diverseworkingsituations.Anoverarchingterm,"InstrumentFitter"isoftenusedtodescribepeople
inthisfield,regardlessofanyspecialization.oonga.

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9 :: Difference between DCS and PLC including date processing and architecture. (Answer.php?
a=Difference_between_DCS_and_PLC_including_date_processing_and_architecture)
IfwehavemoreI/o'sindigitalsignalsthananaloguesignalsnormallywechooseDCS....andvice
versa.

Is This Answer Correct? 319 Yes

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10 :: Do you know How D.P. transmitter can be applied to close tank? (Answer.php?
a=Do_you_know_How_DP_transmitter_can_be_applied_to_close_tank)
Inclosedtank,bottomofthetankisconnectedtothehighpressuresideofthetransmitter.Topof
tankisconnectedtothelowerpressuresideofthetransmitter.Inthiswayvesselpressurecanbe
measured.

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11 :: Explain How D.P. transmitter can be applied to open tank? (Answer.php?

a=Explain_How_DP_transmitter_can_be_applied_to_open_tank)
Inopentankthelowerpressuresideisventedtotheatmosphere.Allpressureisappliedtothehigh

pressureside.Thisvesselpressureismeasuredthroughhighpressureside.

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12 :: Do you know the working of an electronic level troll? (Answer.php?

a=Do_you_know_the_working_of_an_electronic_level_troll)
Thevariationinlevelofbuoyancyresultingfromachangeinliquidlevelvariesthenetweightofthe
displacerincreasingordecreasingtheloadonthetorquearm.Thischangeisdirectlyproportionalto
changeinlevelandspecificgravityoftheliquid.Theresultingtorquetubemovementvariesthe
angularmotionoftherotorinRVDTprovidingarotorchangeproportionaltotherotordisplacement,
whichisconvertedandamplifiedtoaD.C.current.

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13 :: Tell me the working of an enraf level gauge? (Answer.php?

a=Tell_me_the_working_of_an_enraf_level_gauge)
Enraflevelgaugeisbasedontheserpowerednullbalancetechnique.Adisplacerservesas
continuouslevelsensingelement.Atwophasesermotorcontrolledbyacapacitivebalancesystem
windsunwindsthethemeasuringwireuntilthetensionintheweightspringsisinbalancewiththe
weightofthedisplacedpartimmersedintheliquid.Thesensingsysteminbalancemeasuresthe
twocapacitanceformedbythemovingcentralsensingrodprovidedbythetwocapacitorplatesand
thesiplates.

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14 :: What is constant voltage unit? (Answer.php?a=What_is_constant_voltage_unit)

Theconstantvoltagecircuitconsistsofarectifier,CRandafiltercapacitor.Itisfollowedbytwo
stagesofzenerregulation.Abridgeconfigurationisprovidedtolamplinevoltagezenerregulation.
Regulation1andregulation2providesrelativelyprovideconstantcurrent.Resistorsformabridge
thatmayremomentlinevoltageeffects.

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15 :: Can you explain the burnout feature? (Answer.php?

a=Can_you_explain_the_burnout_feature)
Burnoutprovidesthewarnsugfeatureofdrivingindicatorattheendofscale,iftheinputcircuitis
open.Aburnoutresistorisprovidedwhichdevelopsavoltagedropbetweenthemeasuringcircuit
andamplifier.Thepolarityofthesignaldeterminesthedirectionoftheservodriveuponanopen
circuitintheinput.
Upscaleburnout:Rvalue10M
Downscaleburnout:Rvalue22M

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16 :: Why thermo wells are used? What materials are used in thermo wells? (Answer.php?
a=Why_thermo_wells_are_used_What_materials_are_used_in_thermo_wells)
Innumerousapplications,itisneitherdesirablenorpracticaltoexposeatemperaturesensordirectly
toamaterial.Wellsarethereforeusedtoprotectagainstdamagecorresion,arosion,aborsionand
highpressureprocesses.Athermowellisalsousefulinprotectingasensorfromphysicaldamage
duringhandlingandnormaloperations.
Materialsusedinthermowells:Stainlesssteel,Inconel,Monel,AlloySteel,Hastelloy

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17 :: List of Instrumentation Engineering Job Interview Questions! (Answer.php?

a=List_of_Instrumentation_Engineering_Job_Interview_Questions)
1.Howcanleveltrolbeinstalledinsteamdrumformeasuringthelevelofsteamdrum?
2.Whatisultrasonicflowmeter?
3.Differentiatebetweenultrasonicflowmeterandradartypeflowmeter.
4.Whatistheuseoftempraturecompensation?
5.Whatismodbus?
6.Howsignalscanbetakenthroughmodbus?
7.Howearthingcanbechecked?
8.Howmanyohmsarerequiredforproperearthing?
9.Explainsignalisolator.
10.Whichwiringconnectionispreferredinmotorforindustrialuse?
11.Whatdoyoumeanbytrim?
12.HowDPTransmittercanbecalibratedforcrudeapplicationinfloatingrooftank?
13.Whatistheprincipleofcapacitancetypeleveltransmitter?
14.Howprocesslinempmcalculationisdone?
15.ExplainPLCLevelanditstype?
16.Whatisprocedureonmmwcintotph?
17.Howanrtdwork,andwhatvolts/currentgoestoaRTDtomeasuretheresistance?
18.Whatisconsistencytransmitteranddescribeitsworking?

19.HowtocalculateMMWCvaluesintotonnes?
20.HowcanImakecalculationtoInstallleveltransmitter(DP)foropentankandclosetank?
21.WhatisdifferencebetweenDOandDI?
22.Whatisloop1andloop2inMTSLT?
23.Howtocalibrationacontrolvalve?
24.Whatisdrylegcalibrationandwhereisitused?
25.Howflowcanbemeasuredwithdp?
26.WhyMMWCunitisused?
27.HowHARTprotocolcanbeconnectedwithcontrolvalves?
28.WhatisthemeaningofslopeinPHtransmeter?
29.WhatisDifferencebetweenPLCandCNC?
30.Ifwehave450mmheightboilerdrumlevel,sowhatisspan&zerovalueforadpttransmitter?
31.Howcanleveltransmitterinclosedtankapplicationbeused?
32.Whyacsupplyloadcellisused?Canweusethedcsupplyloadcell?
33.Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantageoftheacsupplyloadcell?
34.Whatiscoriolisprincipleformassflowmeter?
35.WhataretheautomaticcontrollerMODES?
36.WhatisCryogenic?
37.Whathappenifweinstallmypressuretransmitterbelowtheelevationofpipeinnaturalgas
service?
38.Whatarethereliabilitydata,likefailurerateetc,forbentlyNevadasystems&vibrationprobes?
39.Whatisthemeaningofwetleg&whereisitused?
40.Whatarethekeycomponentsofcontrolloop?
41.Workingprincipleoflvdt?
42.Whatisdifferencebetweendifferentialpressure&deltapressure?
43.Howtotrimthepressuretransmitter?
44.Whataredifferenttypesofcable?
45.Whatistheuseofcontrolcable?
46.Whichtypeofdiaphragmuseincosticline,DMwaterline,naturalgasline,oilline?
47.Whataredifferenttypesofvalves?
48.Whatisthehydrasteplevelsensoroutputvalue(measuringlevelofsteamdrum)?
49.Whatismeanbylivezeroanddeadzero?
50.Whenamagnetisheated?
51.WhythedegreeofvalveplugsandvalveseatisslightlydifferentIcontrolvalvetrimdesign?
52.Whatismodbus,profibus,fieldbus?
53.Whatistheuseofgauge?
54.Howtocalibratedifferentialpressureswitch?

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18 :: Explain What are different types of orifice plates? State their uses? (Answer.php?
a=Explain_What_are_different_types_of_orifice_plates_State_their_uses)
Differentorificeplatesare:
1.Concentric
2.Segmental
3.Eccentric
Concentric:Theseplatesareusedforidealliquidaswellasgasesandsteamservice.Concentric
holesarepresentintheseplates,thatswhyitisknownasconcentricorifice.
Segmental:Thisplatehasholeintheformofsegmentofthecircle.Thisplateisusedforcolloidal
andsherryflowmeasurement.
Eccentric:Thisplatehastheeccentricholes.Thisplateisusedinviscousandsherryflow
measurement.

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19 :: Do you know How do you identify an orifice in the pipeline? (Answer.php?

a=Do_you_know_How_do_you_identify_an_orifice_in_the_pipeline)
Anorificetabisweldedontheorificeplatewhichextendsoutofthelinegivinganindicationofthe
orificeplate.

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20 :: Explain Why is the orifice tab provided? (Answer.php?

a=Explain_Why_is_the_orifice_tab_provided)
Followingreasonsjustifyforprovidingorificetab:
1.Indicationoforificeplateinaline
2.Theorificediameterismarkedonit.
3.Thematerialoftheorificeplate.
4.Thetagnumberoftheorificeplate.
5.Tomarktheinletofanorifice.

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21 :: What is Bernoullis theorem. State its application? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_Bernoullis_theorem_State_its_application)
Bernoullistheoremstatesthatthetotalenergyofaliquidflowingfromonepointtoanotherremains
constant.Itisapplicablefornoncompressibleliquids.FordifferenttypesofliquidflowBernoullis
equationchanges.Thereisdirectproportionbetweenspeedoffluidanditsdynamicpressureandits
kineticenergy.Itcanbeusedinvariousreallifesituationslikemeasuringpressureonaircraftwing
andcalibratingtheairspeedindicator.Itcanalsobeusedtolowpressureintheventuritubes
presentincarburetor.

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22 :: Explain How can a D.P. transmitter be calibrated? (Answer.php?

a=Explain_How_can_a_DP_transmitter_be_calibrated)
D.P.transmittercanbecalibratedusingfollowingsteps:
1.AdjustzeroofXmtrs.
2.Performstaticpressuretest:Giveequalpressureonbothsidesoftransmitter.Zeroshouldnot
shifteitherside.Ifthezeroshiftsthencarryoutstaticalignment.
3.Performvacuumtest:Applyequalvacuumtoboththesides.Zeroshouldnotshift.
4.Calibrationprocedure:Give20psiairsupplytothetransmitterandventL.P.sidetoatmosphere.
Connectoutputoftheinstrumenttothestandardtestgauge.Adjustzero.Applyrequiredpressureto
thehighpressuresideandadjustthespan.Adjustzerogainifnecessary.

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23 :: Tell me How is flow measured in square root? (Answer.php?

a=Tell_me_How_is_flow_measured_in_square_root)
Flowvariesdirectlyasthesquarerootofpressure.Thus,F=Kofsquarerootofappliedpressure.
Sincethisflowvariesasthesquarerootofdifferentialpressure.Thepressurependoesnotdirectly
indicateflow.Thusflowcanbedeterminedbytakingthesquarerootofthepen.Assumethepen
reads50%ofthechart.So,flowcanbecalculatedusingthepenmeasureinthechart.

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24 :: Name different parts of a pressure gauge? Explain the use of hair spring in the pressure
gauge? (Answer.php?
a=Name_different_parts_of_a_pressure_gauge_Explain_the_use_of_hair_spring_in_the_pressure_gauge)
Pressuregaugeincludesfollowingcomponents:
a.Ctypebourdontube.
b.Connectinglink
c.Sectorgear
d.PinionGear
e.Hairspring
f.Pointer
g.Dial
Useofhairspring:Hairspringisresponsibleforcontrollingtorque.Itisalsousedtoeliminateany
playintolinkages.

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25 :: What is the use of single seated valve? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_the_use_of_single_seated_valve)
Thesingleseatedvalveisusedonsmallersizeswhereanabsoluteshutoffisrequired.Theuseof
singleseatedvalveislimitedbypressuredropacrossthevalveintheclosedoralmostclosed
position.

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26 :: What is the use of double seated valve? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_the_use_of_double_seated_valve)
Indoubleseatedvalvestheupwardanddownwardforcesontheplugduetoreductionoffluid
pressurearenearlyequalized.Itisgenerallyusedonbiggersizevalvesandhighpressure
systems.Actuatorforcesrequiredareless.

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27 :: What is the use of valve positioner? (Answer.php?a=What_is_the_use_of_valve_positioner)

Valvepositionercanbeusedforfollowingreasons:
a.Quickaction
b.Valvehysterisis
c.Viscousliquids

d.Splitrange.
e.Linepressurechangesonvalve
f.Benchsetnotstandard
g.Reversevalveoperations

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28 :: What are primary elements of measuring pressure? Which type of pressure can be measured
by these elements? (Answer.php?
a=What_are_primary_elements_of_measuring_pressure_Which_type_of_pressure_can_be_measured_by_these_elem)
Primaryelementsofmeasuringpressureare:
a.BourdonTube
b.Diaphragm
c.Capsule
d.Bellows
e.Pressuresprings
Theseelementsareknownaselasticdeformationpressureelements.

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29 :: Name different types of bourdon tubes? (Answer.php?

a=Name_different_types_of_bourdon_tubes)
Typesofbourdontubes:
1.Ctype
2.Spiral
3.Helix

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30 :: What are different types of control valves? (Answer.php?

a=What_are_different_types_of_control_valves)
Thecommonlyusedcontrolvalvescanbedefinedasfollows:
a.DependingonAction:
Dependingonactiontherearetwotypesofcontrolvalves1.Airtoclose2.Airtoclose
b.Dependingonbody:
Dependingonbodythereare4typesofcontrolvalves
1.Globevalvessingleordoubleseated
2.Anglevalves
3.Butterflyvalves
4.Threewayvalves

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31 :: What is furnace draft control? (Answer.php?a=What_is_furnace_draft_control)

Balanceddraftboilersaregenerallyusednegativefurnacepressure.Whenbothforceddraftand
induceddraftareusedtogether,atsomepointinthesystemthepressurewillbesameasthatof
atmosphere.Thereforethefurnacepressuremustbenegativetopreventhotgasleakage.
Excessivevacuuminthefurnacehoweverproducesheatlossesthroughairinfiltration.Themost
desirableconditionisthattheonehaveaveryslightnegativepressureofthetopoffurnace.

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32 :: What is intrinsically safe system? (Answer.php?a=What_is_intrinsically_safe_system)

Intrinsicsafetyisatechniquefordesigningelectricalequipmentforsafeuseinlocationsmade
hazardousbythepresenceofflammablegasorvapoursintheair.Intrinsicallysafecircuitisonein
whichanysparkorthermaleffectproduceeithernormallyorunderspecifiedfaultconditionsis
incapableofcausingignitionofaspecifiedgasorvapourinairmixtureatthemostignited
concentration.

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33 :: What is zener diode? What is voltage regulator? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_zener_diode_What_is_voltage_regulator)
Thebreakdownregionofapndiodecanbemadeverysharpandalmostverticaldiodeswithalmost
verticalbreakdownregionareknownaszenerdiodes.Azenerdiodeoperatinginthebreakdown
regionisequivalenttoabattery.Becauseofthiscurrentthroughzenerdiodecanchangebutthe
voltageremainsconstant.Itisthisconstantvoltagethathasmadethezenerdiodeanimportant
deviceinvoltageregulation.
Voltageregulator:Theoutputremainsconstantdespitechangesintheinputvoltageduetozener
effect.

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34 :: What is force balance principle? State some of its advantages? (Answer.php?

34 :: What is force balance principle? State some of its advantages? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_force_balance_principle_State_some_of_its_advantages)
Forcebalanceprinciple:Acontrollerwhichgeneratesanoutputsignalbyopposingtorque.Theinput
forceisappliedontheinputbellowswhichmovesthebeam.Thiscracklesnozzlebackpressure.
Thenozzlebackpressureissensedbythebalancingbellowswhichbringsthebeamtobalance.
Thebafflemovementisverylessabout0.002forfullscaleoutput.
Advantages:
a.Movingpartsarefewer.
b.Bafflemovementisnegligible
c.Frictionallossesareless

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35 :: What is motion balance principle? (Answer.php?a=What_is_motion_balance_principle)

Acontrollerwhichgeneratesanoutputsignalbymotionofitsparts.Theincreaseinthebaffleisto
movetowardsthenozzle.Thenozzlebackpressurewillincrease.Thisincreaseintheback
pressureactingonthebalancingbellows,willexpandthebellows.Thenozzleismovedupwarddue
tothis.Thenozzlewillmoveuntilmotionalmostequalstheinputbafflemotion.

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36 :: How to test a transistor with a multimeter? (Answer.php?

a=How_to_test_a_transistor_with_a_multimeter)
1.Emitter+veofmeterandbaseveoutput=Lowresistance
2.Emitterveofmeterandbase+veoutput=Highresistance
3.Collector+veandbaseveoutput=Low
4.Collectorveandbase+veoutput=Low
Emitter:Collector=Highresistance
PNP:OppositeResults

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37 :: What is ratio control system? (Answer.php?a=What_is_ratio_control_system)

Aratiocontrolsystemischaracterizedbythefactthatvariationsinthesecondaryvariabledont
reflectbackontheprimaryvariable.Aratiocontrolsystemisthesystemwheresecondaryflowis
holdinsomeproportiontoaprimaryuncontrollableflow.
IfweassumethattheoutputofaprimarytransmitterisA.andtheoutputofthesecondary
transmitterisB,andthatthemultiplicationfactoroftheratiorelayisK,thenforequilibriumconditions
whichmeanssetvalveisequaltomeasuredvalve,wefindthefollowingrelation:
KAB=0orB/A=KwhereKistheratiosettingofftherelay.

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38 :: What is solenoid valve? Where it is used? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_solenoid_valve_Where_it_is_used)
Asolenoidiselectricallyoperatedvalve.Itconsistsofsolenoidcoilinwhichmagneticplunger
moves.Thisplungerisconnectedtotheplugandtendstoopenorclosethevalve.Therearetwo
typesofsolenoidvalves:
1.NormallyOpen
2.Normallyclosed
Use:Itisusedforsafetypurposeindifferentelectricwork

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39 :: Do you know How is automatic reference junction compensation carried out in temperature
recorders? (Answer.php?
a=Do_you_know_How_is_automatic_reference_junction_compensation_carried_out_in_temperature_recorders)
Inautomaticreferencejunctioncompensation,variablenickelresistorisused.Asthetemperature
changes,sodoesitsresistance.Thisreferencejunctioncompensatorislocated,sothatitwillbeat
thetemperatureofthereferencejunction.Thereferencejunctionisattheposetwherethedissimilar
wireofthethermocoupleisrejoined.Thisjointisinvariablyattheterminalstripoftheinstrument.

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40 :: Explain What are de-saturators? (Answer.php?a=Explain_What_are_de-saturators)

When,insomeprocesses,e.g.batchprocesses,longtransientresponsesareexpectedduring
whichasustaineddeviationispresentthecontrollerintegralactioncontinuouslydrivestheoutputto
aminimumormaximumvalue.Thisphenomenoniscalledintegralsaturationofthecontrolunit.

Whenthisconditionismet,thenthisunitisdesaturated.

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41 :: What is the working of Rota meter? (Answer.php?a=What_is_the_working_of_Rota_meter)

Variableareametersarespecialformofheadmeters.Whereintheareaofflowrestrictorisvaried.
Soastoholdthedifferentialpressureconstant.Therotameterconsistsofaverticaltaperedtube
throughwhichthemeteredfluidflowsinupwarddirection.Astheflowvariesthefloatrisesorfalls
tovarytheareaofthepassagesthatthedifferentialacrossitbalancesthegravitationalforceonthe
float.Thedifferentialpressureismaintainedconstant.Thepositionofthefloatisthemeasureof
therateofflow.

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42 :: How to choose differential range? (Answer.php?a=How_to_choose_differential_range)

Themostcommonrangefordifferentialrangeforliquidmeasurementis0100.Thisrangeishigh
enoughtominimizetheerrorscausedbyunequalheadsinthesealchambers.Itisalsodependent
onthedifferencesinthetemperatureoftheloadlines.The100rangepermitsanincreasedin
capacityupto400.Whiledecreasedownupto20bymerelychangingtherangetubesorrange
adjustments.

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43 :: Tell me the mechanism behind the turbine meter? (Answer.php?

a=Tell_me_the_mechanism_behind_the_turbine_meter)
Turbinemetersconsistofstraightflowtubewithinwhichaturbineorfanisfreetorotateaboutits
axiswhichisfixedalonggthecentrelineofthetube.Mostly,amagneticpickupsystemsensesthe
rotationoftherotorthroughthetubewalls.Theturbinemeterisaflowratedevice
,sincetherotorspeedisdirectlyproportionaltotheflowrate.Theoutputisusuallyintheformof
electricpulsesfromthemagneticpickupwithafrequencyproportionaltotheflowrate.
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44 :: Explain What is the working principle of the magnetic meter? (Answer.php?

a=Explain_What_is_the_working_principle_of_the_magnetic_meter)
Anelectricpotentialisdevelopedwhenaconductorismovedacrossthemagneticfield.Inmost
electricalmachinerytheconductorisawire.Theprincipleisequallyapplicabletoamoving,
electricallyconductiveliquid.Theprimarydeviceofcommercialmagneticmetersconsistofstraight
cylindricalelectricallyinsulatedtubewithapairofelectrodesnearlyflushwiththetubewallsand
locatedatoppositeendofatubediameter.Thisdeviceislimitedtoelectricallyconductingliquids.
Themagneticmeterisparticularlysuitedtomeasurementofslurriesanddirtyfluids.

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45 :: What do you mean by pt 100? (Answer.php?a=What_do_you_mean_by_pt_100)

Pt100isatypeofResistencetempraturedetector(RTD).Itismadebyplatanium.Itmeans100
ohms,resistanceof0degreec.

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46 :: How to use -24vdc in turbine vibration measurement? (Answer.php?

a=How_to_use_-24vdc_in_turbine_vibration_measurement)
Youareprobablyreferringtoaproximityprobe,andspecificallyaprobemanufactureredbyBently
Nevada(nowGEPower).ActuallythenegativeDCvoltageisbiaspowerthatthesensorrequiresin
ordertoreturnavoltage(alsonegative)correspondingtotheactualgapbetweenthesensortipand
thetarget.Thegapbetweenthesensorandtargetmustbesetpriortousingtheprobeatadistance
relativetotheprobesensitivity,thisgapvariesdependingonwhattypeofprobeisbeingused.The
outputDCvoltagefromthesignalconditionerusedbytheprobecanbecheckedtosetthegap.At
thefarendofthesensitivityrange,theoutputvoltagemaybecloseto24VDC.Asthisgap
decreasesthevoltagebecomesmorepositiveandatanearlyclosedgapitisalmost0VDC.
Thereisnogoodreasonforthissupplyvoltageoroutputvoltagetobenegative,asothertypesof
proximityprobesusepositivebiasvoltage.IsuspectthattheBentlycompanyusedaminusbias
voltageforproductprotection.Theyhavebeensellingtheirhardwarefor50years,soit\\'s
impossibletoswitchnow.

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47 :: Why use -24vl in vibration? (Answer.php?a=Why_use_-24vl_in_vibration)

normallyinelectronicsandinstrumentationcctthepnptransistrisusedthatsytheolpis24vltbtin
vibartionhenpntransistrisusedthatsyvuse24vlt

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48 :: How to calibrate rpm sensor? (Answer.php?a=How_to_calibrate_rpm_sensor)

Like 21,636peoplelikethis.
Rpmmeansrotatingperminute...Wecanonlycheckingtherotatingbyusenoftalkometerand
reflectingsticke(stripes)
464

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49 :: What different between rtf and thermocouples?

and how to identify in rtd and thermocouple?
please tell me answer and send images? (Answer.php?
a=What_different_between_rtf_and_thermocouplesand_how_to_identify_in_rtd_and_thermocoupleplease_tell_m)
RTDyoucanmeasuredresisitanceThermocoupleyoucanmeasuremillivolts.

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50 :: What is the slandered of tray installation for oil and gas? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_slandered_of_tray_installation_for_oil_and_gas)
NEMAVE2isfollowedininstallationofCabletray

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