11/14/2015

PrecastConcreteBridgeBeamDesign

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PrestressedConcreteBeamExampletoBritishStandards

PrestressedConcreteBeamDesigntoBS5400Part4
Problem:
DesignasimplysupportedprestressedconcreteYbeamwhichcarriesa150mmthickconcreteslab
and100mmofsurfacing,togetherwithanominalliveloadudlof10.0kN/m2andkelof33kN/m.
Thespanofthebeamis24.0mcentretocentreofbearingsandthebeamsarespacedat1.0mintervals.

conc.=24kN/m3
25unitsofHBtobeconsideredatSLSforloadcombination1only(BS5400Pt4Cl.4.2.2)
Loadingperbeam(at1.0mc/c)
Note:Theloadinghasbeensimplifiedtodemonstratethemethodofdesigningthebeam(SeeBS5400
Pt2,orDB37/01forfulldesignloading)
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NominalDeadLoads:
slab=240.151.0=3.6kN/m
beam=sayY5beam=10.78kN/m
surfacing=240.11.0=2.4kN/m
NominalLiveLoad:
HA=101.0+33.0=10kN/m+33kN
25unitsHB=2510/4perwheel=62.5kNperwheel

LoadfactorsforserviceabilityandultimatelimitstatefromBS5400Part2Table1:
SLS
ULS
Comb1
Comb3
Comb1
Comb3
DeadLoad
fLconcrete
1.0
1.0
1.15
1.15
SuperimposedDeadLoad
fLsurfacing
1.2
1.2
1.75
1.75
LiveLoad
fLHA
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1.2
1.0
1.5
1.25
fLHB
1.1

TemperatureDifference
fL

0.8

1.0#

ConcreteGrades
BeamC40/50fcu=50N/mm2,fci=40N/mm2
SlabC32/40fcu=40N/mm2

BS5400Pt.4

SectionProperties
cl.7.4.1
Modularratioeffectfordifferentconcretestrengthsbetweenbeamandslabmaybeignored.

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Property
BeamSection
CompositeSection

Area(mm2)
449.22103
599.22103

Centroid(mm)
456
623

2ndMomentofArea(mm4)
52.905109
103.515109

Modulus@Level1(mm3)
116.020106
166.156106

Modulus@Level2(mm3)
89.066106
242.424106

Modulus@Level3(mm3)

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179.402106

TemperatureDifferenceEffects
ApplytemperaturedifferencesgiveninBS5400Pt2Fig.9(Group4)toasimplifiedbeamsection.
Cl.5.4.6Coefficientofthermalexpansion=12106perC.
FromBS5400Pt4Table3:Ec=34kN/mm2forfcu=50N/mm2
HencerestrainedtemperaturestressesperC=3410312106=0.408N/mm2

a)Positivetemperaturedifference
ForceFtorestraintemperaturestrain:
0.4081000[150(3.0+5.25)]103+0.408(3002501.5+7502001.25)103
=504.9+122.4=627.3kN
MomentMaboutcentroidofsectiontorestraincurvatureduetotemperaturestrain:
0.4081000[150(3.0502+5.25527)]106+0.408(3002501.5344750
2001.25556)106=261.526.7=234.8kNm

b)Reversetemperaturedifference
ForceFtorestraintemperaturestrain:
0.408[1000150(3.6+2.3)+30090(0.9+1.35)]103
0.408300(2000.45+1500.45)103
0.408750[50(0.9+0.15)+240(1.2+2.6)]103=385.919.3295.1=700.3kN
MomentMaboutcentroidofsectiontorestraincurvatureduetotemperaturestrain:
0.408[150000(3.6502+2.3527)+27000(0.9382+1.35397)]106
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0.408300(2000.452701500.45283)106
+0.408750[50(0.9358+0.15366)+240(1.2503+2.6543)]106
=194.50.6+153.8=41.3kNm

DifferentialShrinkageEffects
BS5400Pt.4cl.7.4.3.4
Usecl.6.7.2.4Table29:
Totalshrinkageofinsituconcrete=300106
Assumethat2/3ofthetotalshrinkageoftheprecastconcretetakesplacebeforethedeckslabiscast
andthattheresidualshrinkageis100106,
hencethedifferentialshrinkageis200106
BS5400Pt.4cl.7.4.3.5
Forcetorestraindifferentialshrinkage:F=diffEcfAcf
F=2001063410001500.43=439kN
Eccentricityacent=502mm
RestraintmomentMcs=4390.502=220.4kNm

Selfweightofbeamandweightofdeckslabissupportedbythebeam.Whenthedeckslabconcrete
hascuredthenanyfurtherloading(superimposedandliveloads)issupportedbythecomposite
sectionofthebeamandslab.

DeadLoading(beamandslab)
Totalloadforserviceabilitylimitstate=(1.03.6)+(1.010.78)=14.4kN/m
Designserviceabilitymoment=14.4242/8=1037kNm
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Combination1Loading
Super.&HAliveloadforSLS:
=[(1.22.4)+(1.210)]udl&[(1.233)]kel
=(2.88+12.0)udl&39.6kel
=14.9kN/m&39.6kN
Super.&HBliveloadforSLS:
=2.88&[email protected]
=2.9kN/m&[email protected]
Totalloadforultimatelimitstate:
=[(1.153.6)+(1.1510.78)+(1.752.4)+(1.510)]udl&[(1.533)]kel
=(4.14+12.40+4.20+15.0)udl&49.5kel
=35.7kN/m&49.5kN
HADesignserviceabilitymoment:
=14.924.02/8+39.624/4
=1310kNm
25unitsHBDesignSLSmoment:
=2.924.02/8+982.3(fromgrillageanalysis)
=1191.1kNm
Designultimatemoment:
=35.724.02/8+49.524/4
=2867kNm
Combination3Loading
Super.&HAliveloadforSLS:
=[(1.22.4)+(1.010)]udl&[(1.033)]kel
=(2.88+10.0)udl&33kel
=12.9kN/m&33kN
Totalloadforultimatelimitstate:
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=[(1.153.6)+(1.1510.78)+(1.752.4)+(1.2510)]udl&[(1.2533)]kel
=(4.14+12.40+4.20+12.5)udl&41.3kel
=33.2kN/m&41.3kN
Designserviceabilitymoment:
=12.924.02/8+3324/4
=1127kNm
Allowablestressesinprecastconcrete
Attransfer:
cl.6.3.2.2b)
Compression(Table23)
0.5fci(0.4fcu)=20N/mm2max.
cl.6.3.2.4b)
Tension=1.0N/mm2
Atserviceabilitylimitstate:
cl.7.4.3.2
Compression(1.25Table22)
1.250.4fcu=25N/mm2
Tension=0N/mm2(class1)&3.2N/mm2(class2Table24)

StressesatLevel1duetoSLSloads(N/mm2):

Comb1
(HA)
Comb1
(HB)
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Comb3

DeadLoadM/Z=(1037106)/(116.020106)
8.94
8.94
8.94

Super.&LiveLoadM/Z=M/(166.156106)
7.88
7.17
6.78

ReverseTemperature=fL1.69=0.81.69

1.35

Differentialshrinkage
0.60
0.60
0.60

TotalStressatLevel1=
17.42
16.71
17.67*
HenceCombination3iscritical
PrestressingForceandEccentricity
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Usingstraight,fullybondedtendons(constantforceandeccentricity).
Allowfor20%lossofprestressaftertransfer.
InitialprestressatLevel1tosatisfyclass2requirementforSLS(Comb.3).
Stressattransfer=(17.673.2)/0.8=18.1N/mm2(useallowablestressof20N/mm2)

Thecriticalsectionattransferoccursattheendofthetransmissionzone.Themomentduetotheself
weightatthissectionisnearzeroandinitialstressconditionsare:
P/A+Pe/Zlevel1=20.....................(eqn.1)
P/APe/Zlevel2>=1.0.....................(eqn.2)

(eqn.1)Zlevel1+(eqn.2)Zlevel2gives:
P>=A(20Zlevel11.0Zlevel2)/(Zlevel1+Zlevel2)
P=449.22103(20116.0289.066)/(116.02+89.066)103=4888kN

Allow10%forlossofforcebeforeandduringtransfer,
thentheinitialforcePo=4888/0.9=5431kN

Using15.2mmclass2relaxationstandardstrandatmaximuminitialforceof174kN(0.75Pu)
Areaoftendon=139mm2
Nominaltensilestrength=fpu=1670N/mm2
Hence32tendonsrequired.
InitialforcePo=32174=5568kN
P=0.95568=5011kN

SubstitutingP=5011kNin(eqn.2)
e<=Zlevel2/A+Zlevel2/P=(89.066106/449.22103)+(89.066106/5011103)
e=198+18=216mm

Arrange32tendonssymmetricallyabouttheYYaxistoachieveaneccentricityofabout216mm.

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Takingmomentsaboutbottomofbeam:
2@
1000=
2000
2@
900=
1800
4@
260=
1040
8@
160=
1280
10@
110=
1100
6@
60=
360
32

7580
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e=4567580/32=456237=219mm
Allowingfor1%relaxationlossinsteelbeforetransferandelasticdeformationofconcreteattransfer
:

cl.6.7.2.3
P=0.99Po/[1+Es(Aps/A)(1+Ae2/I)/Eci]
P=0.99Po/[1+196(32139/449220)(1+4492202192/52.905109)/31]
P=0.91Po=0.915568=5067kN
Initialstressesduetoprestressatendoftransmissionzone:
Level1:P/A(1+Ae/Zlevel1)=11.3(1+219/258)=20.89N/mm2
(20.89N/mm2isslightlygreaterthantheallowableof20N/mm2soanumberoftendonswillneedto
bedebondedneartheendsofthebeam).
Level2:P/A(1Ae/Zlevel2)=11.3(1219/198)=1.20N/mm2
Momentduetoselfweightofbeamatmidspan=10.78242/8=776.2kNm
Stressduetoselfweightofbeamatmidspan:
@Level1=776.2/116.02=6.69N/mm2
@Level2=776.2/89.066=8.71N/mm2

Initialstressesatmidspan:

cl.6.7.2.5
Allowingfor2%relaxationlossinsteelaftertransfer,
concreteshrinkagecs=300106
andconcretespecificcreepct=1.0348106perN/mm2
Lossofforceaftertransferdueto:
cl.6.7.2.2
Steelrelaxation=0.025568=111
cl.6.7.2.4
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Concreteshrinkage=(csEsAps)=30010619632139=262
cl.6.7.2.5
Concretecreep=(ctfcoEsAps)=1.034810612.7619632139=550
TotalLoss=111+262+550=923kN
Finalforceafteralllossofprestress=Pe=5067923=4144kN(Pe/P=0.82)
Finalstressesduetoprestressafteralllossofprestressat:
Level1f1,0.82P=0.8220.89=17.08N/mm2
Level2f2,0.82P=0.821.20=0.98N/mm2
Combinedstressesinfinalconditionforworsteffectsofdesignloads,differentialshrinkageand
temperaturedifference:
Level1,combination1HB:f=17.0816.71=0.37N/mm2(>0henceO.K.)
Level1,combination3:f=17.0817.67=0.59N/mm2(>3.2henceO.K.)
Level2,combination1:f=0.98+1037/89.066+1310/242.424+1.64=17.71(<25O.K.)
Level3.combination3:f=(1127/179.402)+(0.83.15)=8.8N/mm2(<25O.K.)

UltimateCapacityofBeamandDeckSlab
(CompositeSection)

UltimateDesignMoment=f3M=1.12867=3154kNm
cl.6.3.3
Onlysteelinthetensionzoneistobeconsidered:
Centroidoftendonsintensionzone=(660+10110+8160+4260)/28=135mm
EffectivedepthfromLevel3=1200135=1065mm
Assumethatthemaximumdesignstressisdevelopedinthetendons,then:
TensileforceintendonsFp=0.87281391670103=5655kN
Compressiveforceinconcreteflange:
Ff=0.4401000150103=2400kN
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PrecastConcreteBridgeBeamDesign

LetX=depthtoneutralaxis.
Compressiveforceinconcreteweb:
Fw=0.450[393(393200)(X150)/(6712)](X150)103
Fw=(2.876X2+8722.84X1243717)103
EquatingforcestoobtainX:
5655=2400+(2.8762+8722.84X1243717)103
X=659mm
Stressintendonafterlosses=fpe=4144103/(32139)=932N/mm2
Prestrainpe=fpe/Es=932/200103=0.0047

Determinedepthtoneutralaxisbyaniterativestraincompatibilityanalysis
TryX=659mmasaninitialestimate
Widthofwebatthisdepth=247mm
pb6=6+pe=4590.0035/659+0.0047=0.0022
pb5=5+pe=359*0.0035/659+0.0047=0.0028
pb4=4+pe=281*0.0035/659+0.0047=0.0062
pb3=3+pe=381*0.0035/659+0.0047=0.0067
pb2=2+pe=431*0.0035/659+0.0047=0.0069
pb1=1+pe=481*0.0035/659+0.0047=0.0072

fpb6=0.0022200103=444N/mm2
fpb5=0.0028200103=551N/mm2
fpb4=1162+290(0.00620.0058)/0.0065=1178N/mm2
fpb3=1162+290(0.00670.0058)/0.0065=1201N/mm2
fpb2=1162+290(0.00690.0058)/0.0065=1213N/mm2
fpb1=1162+290(0.00720.0058)/0.0065=1225N/mm2
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Tensileforceintendons:
Fp6=2139444103
=124
Fp5=2139551103
=153
Fp4=41391178103
=655
Fp3=81391201103
=1336
Fp2=101391213103
=1686
Fp1=61391225103
=1022
Ft=Fp1to6=4976kN
Compressiveforceinconcrete:
Ff=0.4401000150103=2400
Fw=0.4500.5(393+247)(659150)103=3258
Fc=Ff+Fw=5658kN
Fc>Ftthereforereducedepthtoneutralaxisandrepeatthecalculations.
Usingadepthof565mmwillachieveequilibrium.
Thefollowingforcesareobtained:
Fp6=134

Ff=2400
Fp5=168

Fw=2765
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Fp4=675

Fc=5165
Fp3=1382
Fp2=1746
Fp1=1060
Ft=5165
TakingMomentsabouttheneutralaxis:
MFp6=1340.365=
49
MFp5=1680.265=
45
MFp4=6750.375=
253
MFp3=13820.475=
656
MFp2=17460.525=
917
MFp1=10600.575=
610
MFf=24000.49=
1176
MFw=32580.207=
674
Mu=MFp1to6+MFf+MFw=4192kNm>3154kNmhenceO.K.
cl.6.3.3.1
Mu/M=4192/3154=1.33(>1.15)hencestraininoutermosttendonO.K.

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cl.6.3.4
TheShearResistanceofthebeamneedstobedeterminedinaccordancewithclause6.3.4.and
comparedwiththeultimateshearloadatcriticalsections.

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