Section A:

Pure Mathematics

How many integers between 10 000 and 100 000 (inclusive) contain exactly two different digits?
(23 332 contains exactly two different digits but neither of 33 333 and 12 331 does.)

Show, by means of a suitable change of variable, or otherwise, that

Z
Z
1
2
1/2
f((x + 1) + x) dx =
(1 + t2 )f(t) dt.
2 1
0
Hence, or otherwise, show that
Z
0

3
((x2 + 1)1/2 + x)3 dx = .
8

Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Justify your answers.
(i)

aln b = bln a for all a, b > 0.

(ii)

cos(sin ) = sin(cos ) for all real .

(iii)

There exists a polynomial P such that |P() cos | 6 106 for all real .

(iv)

x4 + 3 + x4 > 5 for all x > 0.

Prove that the rectangle of greatest perimeter which can be inscribed in a given circle is a
square.
The result changes if, instead of maximising the sum of lengths of sides of the rectangle, we
seek to maximise the sum of nth powers of the lengths of those sides for n > 2. What happens
if n = 2? What happens if n = 3? Justify your answers.

(i)

In the Argand diagram, the points Q and A represent the complex numbers 4 + 6i and
10 + 2i. If A, B, C, D, E, F are the vertices, taken in clockwise order, of a regular
hexagon (regular six-sided polygon) with centre Q, find the complex number which
represents B.

(ii)

Let a, b and c be real numbers. Find a condition of the form Aa + Bb + Cc = 0, where

A, B and C are integers, which ensures that
a
b
c
+
+
1 + i 1 + 2i 1 + 3i
is real.

Let a1 = cos x with 0 < x < /2 and let b1 = 1. Given that

an+1 =

1
2 (an

+ bn ),

bn+1 = (an+1 bn )1/2 ,

find a2 and b2 and show that
a3 = cos

x
x
x
x
cos2 and b3 = cos cos .
2
4
2
4

Guess general expressions for an and bn (for n > 2) as products of cosines and verify that they
satisfy the given equations.

My bank pays % interest at the end of each year. I start with nothing in my account. Then
for m years I deposit a in my account at the beginning of each year. After the end of the mth
year, I neither deposit nor withdraw for l years. Show that the total amount in my account
at the end of this period is
rl+1 (rm 1)
a
r1

where r = 1 +
.
100
At the beginning of each of the n years following this period I withdraw b and this leaves
my account empty after the nth withdrawal. Find an expression for a/b in terms of r, l, m
and n.

Fluid flows steadily under a constant pressure gradient along a straight tube of circular crosssection of radius a. The velocity v of a particle of the fluid is parallel to the axis of the tube
and depends only on the distance r from the axis. The equation satisfied by v is

1d
dv
r
= k,
r dr
dr
where k is constant. Find the general solution for v.
Show that |v| as r 0 unless one of the constants in your solution is chosen to be 0.
Suppose that this constant is, in fact, 0 and that v = 0 when r = a. Find v in terms of k, a
and r.
The volume F flowing through the tube per unit time is given by
Z a
F = 2
rv dr.
0

Find F .

Section B:

Mechanics

Two small spheres A and B of equal mass m are suspended in contact by two light inextensible
strings of equal length so that the strings are vertical and the line of centres is horizontal. The
coefficient of restitution between the spheres is e. The sphere A is drawn aside through a very
small distance in the plane of the strings and allowed to fall back and collide with the other
sphere B, its speed on impact being u. Explain briefly why the succeeding collisions will all
occur at the lowest point. (Hint: Consider the periods of the two pendulums involved.)
Show that the speed of sphere A immediately after the second impact is 21 u(1 + e2 ) and find
the speed, then, of sphere B.

10

A shell explodes on the surface of horizontal ground. Earth is scattered in all directions with
varying velocities. Show that particles of earth with initial speed v landing a distance r from
the centre of explosion will do so at times t given by
1 2 2
2g t

= v2

4
(v g 2 r2 ).

Find an expression in terms of v, r and g for the greatest height reached by such particles.

11

Hanks Gold Mine has a very long vertical shaft of height l. A light chain of length l passes
over a small smooth light fixed pulley at the top of the shaft. To one end of the chain is
attached a bucket A of negligible mass and to the other a bucket B of mass m. The system is
used to raise ore from the mine as follows. When bucket A is at the top it is filled with mass
2m of water and bucket B is filled with mass m of ore, where 0 < < 1. The buckets are
then released, so that bucket A descends and bucket B ascends. When bucket B reaches the
top both buckets are emptied and released, so that bucket B descends and bucket A ascends.
The time to fill and empty the buckets is negligible. Find the time taken from the moment
bucket A is released at the top until the first time it reaches the top again.
This process goes on for a very long time. Show that, if the greatest amount of ore is to be
raised in that time, then must satisfy the condition f 0 () = 0 where
f() =

(1 )1/2
.
(1 )1/2 + (3 + )1/2

Section C:

12

Probability and Statistics

Suppose that a solution (X, Y, Z) of the equation

X + Y + Z = 20,
with X, Y and Z non-negative integers, is chosen at random (each such solution being equally
likely). Are X and Y independent? Justify your answer.
Show that the probability that X is divisible by 5 is 5/21. What is the probability that XY Z
is divisible by 5?

13

I have a bag initially containing r red fruit pastilles (my favourites) and b fruit pastilles of
other colours. From time to time I shake the bag thoroughly and remove a pastille at random.
(It may be assumed that all pastilles have an equal chance of being selected.) If the pastille
is red I eat it but otherwise I replace it in the bag. After n such drawings, I find that I have
only eaten one pastille. Show that the probability that I ate it on my last drawing is
(r + b 1)n1
.
(r + b)n (r + b 1)n

14

To celebrate the opening of the financial year the finance minister of Genland flings a Slihing,
a circular coin of radius a cm, where 0 < a < 1, onto a large board divided into squares by
two sets of parallel lines 2 cm apart. If the coin does not cross any line, or if the coin covers an
intersection, the tax on yaks remains unchanged. Otherwise the tax is doubled. Show that,
in order to raise most tax, the value of a should be

1
.
1+
4

1
If, indeed, a = 1 +
and the tax on yaks is 1 Slihing per yak this year, show that its
4
expected value after n years will have passed is

8+ n
.
4+