CHAPTER THREE: ANXIOUS OBJECTS: Modes of Cultural Resistance “The pase “ansious sgt” va Bt used by the ce ‘ull esenerg to pe the hid of en at hat Soke nny een of nay oo whet we ‘Sin on andios object ne are ally calengd, and may {ren Bnd oureve ied, darbe, bees, ante, ‘Sra pam bore. The fcaty if cover why hie Sen even fit at Comte, or tance ove of oper {shade pained trons How do ee kyow i what we ee ees salptre sata od coer can wth nee SUPE pat basen Cam re ed te ae othe Season by simpy looking? Andou bjs often cont eee ntuion of one ting with anther, What ore MeSGdne ito orconact the Sava coc xn ht elas spat braces by i easing the re bjt i tate al then panting the sat to fok excl a the Sbjec look before eat them The rel 0 ac fo SE Deen confi asap tk Key. BY Ssh halon of tneion and amity, ooou {ceeds qaetn sout how weLzow what we cele ey fre wo overcome our routine responses an To are fner an sore Sucimiatng ones ereption itifepenc on moe than jt leking— teens om Sask to vere hat wo ee ere a a camry out monotonous routines. A person whose whole fe 1S Spent peeforming 2 fv repsitive take becomes meh tnd inna iy eran ewgh th ray fis retin, he And ite opportunity to ex hs under nding fadgment, of inopintion. The ental faculties ow dal snd perception Blanted, hardened by a cp lng sameness Tir eon of aleve wane, with it ute fate and reflex reponse, rally remains constant the enor mind docr nat change cr sow with experience, Snes something happens te disup e ‘isi and datrbing acts 3 coantertendency to thie leveling pocerprecaly bosase st dlerpt ur Ra- livof thought and sain our uneatanding By bur st ‘ese of perception and understanding a can bresk ‘hough retovtyped soil reality and produces counter oneiousene tt is negation ofthe conformist mind ded itis only through sengrant—aecording to Herbert ‘Murcuse—tht at alle anction in modern soit. 15 ugating power” breaks the Fae automate of ee cnc mode sf ie ‘hr sno objet then is intnty recognisable by ts subversive tendenies, Ul It fas ot teen made in the ‘unnerin which we expec sto Homage Often touches {he lite of crodbty patting al jst beyond Ue boundary of what eaceeptsbie The qlntssental anxious bjetnargubly the Bist of is kinds Maree! Dax ‘faunal wich he ened Fin and rubeatted ‘hendopednts Exhibition in New York i101, under the puny of Matt More than an ter object test our assumptions shout at ~and or abit find cat ‘whether al Sat professes tobe ately art. The urinal (Eins an answer to the question “Why i tis a” Bat ‘Bachem the montage sn dro omit nthe busines, eral io pov sient austion Can one make § Fork which not a work of an? Alays iene to ph thing fo thes Bhlowophical nocd, and esthetic hime, Gnd regu ta Bnd out cy al i that aks some iftng work ofa" Duchamp picked an ordinary, con ‘onpince objets manutactared and man produced ralchoeon precy fort kof aesthetic qualtes and hibited iar ot I es lke handing in the ay tat ‘Ech ou the pattern of hings to comer ar would never eau the same agin What shocked people mos eas theeter alesse ofthe abject, and the fact sat no “work” wSnvolved “oe of rt i Dachumg’s view relied fe the se ttentone ot fom cat or sil, which fequie epee that could be ered by any Felytetatsic invention depends on something le tn deparare froma ote, on pests tht est ur expectation, To imate or fopeat ones meant tht tne bed developing style” By which one could then SCinwn orators The main ing therefore wos fo ‘Strat oneself a ach ab posible avg thas ane formed an ordinary eb ino at, Dathamp then abot eversng the proweure, He. declared what panting by ‘Rembrandt should be used sean ong board ‘Wat Duchamp demonseted war ta a could be made out of anytng: There nahing about an objet fo spac presto function that makes something 3 Took at ecept urate sar i and our willing eso accept iar ar, One ofthe more subversive aspects Ofte rendymate wos ha uae th al ats fetgulng antral can be aque by anyone i= fe diy way: There are enough of them around 50 ‘Baton might fr tar up anyrhere~a indeed one did. ‘Reina que sir fo Dhara’ was ound by chance, {h'Alacs where it had been mysteriously abandoned n= ‘woods ity mils from he nearest haha The unl Wat Band by 2 former student of» young Concepts srt orul Jones, wn lives and teaches in Sewanee, Tennesee Koentng ot fre petal inet a Duchamp the stadt fad the staal Brose out by helcopter an shipped f0 Seance which pint the reveals of the odemist a become ven mere stumsngy complex Dachome aed ill by spproprtings found abject and feng Imes werk ofa Jone felowed ut by making 4 work ‘luc wav found replica of Duchamp’ ound "oa JaLe"The whole enerpise,underen apparently ns ‘ptf plows mitsion auvivesty wetect the mst IRE tert or prod When ones exhibited i wie ‘Sppened woos othe aton The fit was see ‘tir'by Duchamp Mimi extracted From alter fo the ‘Bauit Hane Rice Wate nt, read, "hve the toll ive thet foes a hallenge, and now they come ind aipe ts an ar objet forts asthe benny "The Sclond text was atement by the setheie pilosopher Goorge Dickie: "Bt the Fis has many gual which Gore appreciated lenming white sce, fr exam: Ble in fac ha several qualities whlch eemblethove of Brac and Moo ced a fn a oe ge betnaen inc ad urd the trnal has served as eae for many suber: Geent wore forexample the art Brice Nauman photo Signed hime tn 10 with water spouting from. Ns SESE aa led the photoph Fv f Arte ‘Eos One of the sitet ekimpler of snare apr pring comeone ese's work or ca was Rober Rauscher: Retgetien Da done in 1953 Rachenbereaked the pases Willem de Kooning to give him a rowing that Focosid rae De Kooning eventually sated, The eave ie Rawcheberp wor ven hod bee mace wih grave etc Ink and cayon and took Ras whole moh nd Tei nyo mcceed: Recher hen exe the cco! owing sr work by hers. Noe teen Sung New Verk ain called Shere Levine—abo inter: ied appraising ou not ofa uniqueness and org italy, and folowing dos on the Rolo Duchamp ‘Andy Warhelhar Bog doping the hoop of ‘Sous photographers such sz Walker Eve an Edward ‘Weston obich se then exhibits unde her ow nae, Lae ‘Sse ps no lim owaonal tions of ete.” By Trill seasng to sctnowladge any atference betwee ‘Re orgal and her own reproductons—by expres de tying tht fh sutorep ake rang hr wok In’ ubvesve way teeta ct for colecting Photograph snd tee sborpton ne test mat tone ‘Rove agensive commodity, Obvious eth are Tuc’ ass nation of commosiy-onente caare nly unl commodity ctr cess tronsedating ek thee puted caine snd acing then toe ‘Sethe steam within he frame oie ita at-mendittbution-at wich pone they Become ove pura than cra eadng on he very syn Chey Sloernagr hs thrown up many ages absurd foci of tat spy cannot be understood ote het ‘Grier othe cotradcon hat ep sos ty poses farthest. ely te fat ck at al ‘ele tobe dened not byt spite nella oemtlonal content, but by its economic worth, Duchamp under~ Stood, perhaps better thn any other att nour ine hat ‘nce eape bythe maker a om calison cute With ‘Bel, adi sebrenive ate wale dtd bed or ‘Buspproprated, His own solton was fo go andergou Snileteveryone believe he ad phen ap makings order {0 play chese‘Tht nny he war able to add Becoming “Sowtupatioalzed" or "profemonlize,” Somebody on she um why he didnt work and wos aalst Working, ni he repel, "Lay people ike myself suse the lest {rouble The truth war tat he wae sezelly engaged for {ively yearn makingone of the reat masterpiece of our ‘nturje-the large enzenmentl wrk rt Dew ‘aly cameto ight after his death and snow in he Psd his Maser TE Duchamp recoiled from the idea of ever repeating imeel the ponte ie tra f Andy Washo, who abo: Jutely feted the noon of ding the same thing over dover again. Washol st began iting sal panting ‘oF Camp soup cane in 1962 They were Dansk morally ‘wages Images, but they managed to turn cur ideas “Shout paincng inside out He's love BY man: producing iktfemned pictures on an sasembly Une in he Pact, ‘nth sometimes many ae teen people Alling in the low and stretching the canessew, War 90, ar au ering the notion ofthe banda “engl” wooo a InWarha'wosk arene any siginals—there ae ony FepredconIn place of he unique ask, Wath subst {Stes apr of copies. “Twsd to have the same funch very aay for twenty years, Laue," heexplang, thease {hing over and over aan Sumenesr, boredom, and above sllepetion are wh, for Warhol, oxpres the suuctue ‘ni seadulatios of coseiousnete—so we should nate ‘Stonahed team tat e once ove ight ats all aed Sm By maidng no ditnction bemeeen what Se genuine Shihan courte, Wael makes even the authrshp thi work appear datsous, "think somebody shouldbe Sbleto do lly patings for me,"hesays, "Thats probs ‘lyon reason For osingellcacreens I think would be fat if more people took ap tlk-creene a0 thet no ene Soeld know whether my peta was mine of somebody oe “Te ttempt to deprive work of thei "ara" oranigue- ress a6 2 meant of dfetng thee tansformatin into & nearer abject as primary ai of the Conceptual at that emerged in She New York and European at works toward the end ofthe 39608 Many Concyptal works did ‘otenit nec al but ar idearonly “Once you know host a work of mine dedared Lawrene Wiener, "you wn i There's no way [can clin Into somebody’ Head Sh remove fe” And Robert arty, In 1986, sted, "The ‘Sond ul of objets, more or ese Inerering’ do not ‘nh to add more” Theve tits, together with Joven ‘Rona were smong te tt erin ths now mee of ‘var sden or information, which apposed other more ison asshte ernttins ke panting and sculpture Reducing at to pure thought, Barty produced 2 Tiga Poin 186 hat anata spy of te statement “during the exibition I wil ry to comunice tepatialy ‘Nona ar the nature of which ira series of though hat ‘re not applable fo langage or ntage.” Such works deny ‘ot only the motive, but even the posit of aang the work, snes thee, ute simply, nothing to aequire Rows canis cay pies Oe and Fs Boe forint, fon no objec seach, propery speaking serves the a ‘The work consists of» proposition about sal cbects and thal corresponding representation in images ox Words teal broom has Been hung om the sal together ith Photooraph of if and 2 ditonan”deintin of the word FRScout! Konth ho state that he thin ot should be ‘mor lke presence er philosophy, which ae oll sel. alien do't depend on audences, and haven om tnosity or investment valve. Inthe case of Art and Lan tage an international group of Conceptual ants wih ‘tho Kowuth we snvacsed fora tine thei pimay prac: ee tok the fom of conversations, dscsslons and modes ‘linguist and caltral analyse (More recent, bower, they have taken to painting mock Neo-expresionict plc- {Site by lang onto the brash wath het tet) “Tota concep according t the Pench att Dan- 4a Buren, docs nt rely dispose ofthe at bjt since ernest he same thing--onais simply replacing the obec srt» concept Buren sock hime t rata sk tha is rather an object nora concept Since 186s hs wos a aise of way! thees made up of white and coloted ‘erica stipes and glued over sufoes suchas Wallsendfencer, sites indore or outdoors In Hh he Drs Pas, fle in 198, Buren covered the exterior double door of {eS talioad care belonging to the lists Cente Gall fal- road with stipes He afer tothe compostion ofthese ‘works st “pero” (here ie none), The Ines] srctare of (ich pete (he vertical sues stays the sume and cn Sram spat ony the era ote vat Bending on the works location or “fame” A slant two. Rory window inthe Ar Iostute of Chlego. which ‘velo the rat fake sever the frame for eh fe Bors ase Posted nett the window is sched telling {he times when hens re defo pase At that omen, {RE wou maybe seen after na othe wan tavel way ‘ee mam ame expe may ore views fn In a sen, becaes anonymour pubic proper) ‘Buen ton, taping to avercome te excawty of vate thi he percerver a stnding in et cot ‘Eiko to the public fd collective) Faction of a itn be fi tht many latemodemist work ofthe pas wo decades have silted the “time-honored Fars {onde to shit the meaning of creative ety sway om the value ofthe Brshed product, The intention of uch {nov hasbeen to remain lately re om the veal of ‘Shnmumersm theoxigenies af the market and Dactustions ‘teuppy and demand In changing the ery nature ofa omever they have exacted fundamental auttent fur ides about sirctre, permanence, dura. and oundarie Atte furthest extreme, dhe Fenchman Yves les ho ploncered Minul and Conceptual s well 3: Peajformance and Body at) presented the tes of a a roling copying are at gallery of Furman, pining t {ade th py ges a thee {ind paople cme fo the opening, On this casio, em ‘ess Bec 4 "prime abject "in George Kubler sense {hot ew say. 9 protoype of great generating power abe to Satin in perception, rar hat one ing imply seplaced another bot that by inversion, the content (Gh fon ofthe plery ul?) became the a, To borrow ban ro Wile Cas, t ae a if the moon hod ben ade to ump over the cow or the Aude ploy the eat Conceived sn tus way, at eno longer gis italy Ter sucwhere than nan ultimate sussance But even the ‘Void can beat so can its oppose, a6 wen the French sculptor Arman fled a Pris gallery with wo tacload of fbn in 190, or when Waller do Maryan American calpa, fled New York gallery wth 220000 pound ‘tea In thie css the outrageously were soon overt into the expensively prestigious since heartist's ‘lider functioning a the Dveetr of the Dia Foundation, {ett fund whe funtione both ae support foundation fort andar tx fs othe de Nien fmm Tess) then bout the entire bung in whan the ttallston had been made, order to beep i tere pemanertly An” ter aculptare of de Masi’ ato sponsored by the Diz Feundton) consisted of antic hole ded one lone ter deep tnto the ground in Kassel, Germany, In 1977.0 trae lone hiloeterlong was inserted the ol, which Star then eapped with a metal pate, rendering the werk pemanenly invible, Lnown only though Hs absence This ventute, which cst the Diz Foundation $800000, prompted the rte Robert TTuphes, wellknown for is $lepcl tre of mind to hal he vanity of such an uder- taking sn epigram of wart"™— erm kly to seem ‘andaiger oan artis wn sincerely Enero he deling Inthapderblts Ave like ths However, bound to encoun ter duty in geting tal bellved oe we ae up agalnet two diferent nttudes of ming—one reserved forthe 3 Ins creative stots in which he makes went anti ‘Ga work intended to defy the ing ideology, and ne for fis posonal nteracion wath soci, in whack he does at ‘ai tat eslogy Arhic lodges ial erly ina world ‘ST superabundance and exceed limately, of super: Aycan hardly serve ae a modal of cultural resstance. In fe coneieuour idontiesuon with the cask mera Se [ney the negation of eu consumer cure butt i c= plement, implementing the esalshed der rater than Drcaking witht The estrangement effect has charged into 2 Togury eccuption. ‘Other ary, concerned with a more ecological ap roa fave used gravity hance stone, water, and vee ‘walking as materials Fen which to mabe aoe couse Ing emote ates for ther workin order fo camvent the rial ensronment of the rt word, Robert Seithaon Iiked pouring tons a asphalt ud or glue down the slopes tf pel pisor coded Cif ordert sid a movement Shlthuon inevitably choe wap, sag beep, and indtral wastelands estes fr is earthworks, party becauet [eft museums were too much ike raveyaristhey neu. tlle the power of att by confining i and semoring it From the word "A work of ar” he wits in 1972, "when Paced ins gay loess change snd Boomes 3 prable bject or sunfce engaged frm the ouside won” Salton wat one of those sit who fovea, quate ety fn, that "the investigation ofthe apparatus She att vended through would become sgrvring eu in contrat to sealtors who peter Indust materia and pstuce snormouyindstracible momament the En inl att Rchrd Long user only tural materials snd {ley chooses ununual actions for hs work Although Takes some works which canbe exhibited in galleries and told his outdoor sculptures stone fine lid out nthe males ors stone cel in the Ander are not suber {oposssnonor ownership They acenot even abject sdoed tothe landscape, us spl reastangerents of ht eady thee Tis at he cals, "is cbout working i the ‘ide world, wherever on the sarace of the eat ‘Mountsna sd alee are both in thelr ov ways good places to wrk" is real once to show tht fic ard Febus at can be made ina simple, gle way and ith ‘minimal nrusion of the aries ego. "Mn the sete,” Lang {Gaime, "thre was feling that a nade 9 produce Son ine of more jets te th word. My inte eae inva moe thought view of at and nate, sling et oth valle an invite, sing Hess, walling stone, tacks, wate, ase in a Bexble wage was the thers of so-called American Land AR whore an ast ‘esded manay tbe am ats, to buy relents t0 sim Dossesion af the lind, and towed machinery. Tre cp fast art To walk nthe Hinlayas. ist touch the eat Highly and has more personal petal comuitnen than an art who plans age earthwork Which then ‘made by bulldozer {ade the sit of the Ameen Indian more than ts contemporary land att prefer to bea custodian af ature, not an explte of My postion Ievhat ofthe Greene want odo sway ath nl weap fre not mates that can withstand them [ke Michael Ftibe] Ar this trt ultimately polite eventhough ledeals with things that are notin the lest pole “The named ecological way of thinking ot bond to any parila styl. The American att Robert an maker RUE hawngs Inthe set for iatanc, tot ae com ‘let ephemeral—ran evenly ws thes ay ie Ecler tapes, drawn onthe oude ofthe Vitor and ‘Alert Masta in Landon, se gety ou of allgnnent at they traverse cbtucing engles inthe arctetare, Work ike tis subvert il out nots abet whats shoul be fesse by th constancy and ay of cet an riba ern a nd ine el ‘en of exempry cfs ienigfl mesa Pout he trol How mach do we nat on these condone? Wh the own Kind of modesty, dhe drawing usu oo Fogel obligation nr to pollu the west with mare ob ins To conden the ati for hs ale Yo conto ‘Sslsonaletena of clo permanence isto qulemtse the Drintncee eet thre valves and popore acl new nen instead A oe Jagusine Monncron Amara 3 Ine lving in France, bo mas kites, concave nt fx fale oc manus but ve the atari Sky and sa “The sy,” she wes Io ely vlgn space ‘Tht you toa youcngo onan nit For Mons, ites ae form of clabrstion wih nature I the Ke fal wich enact her dream of movement and sor she ty. Sewn and glued into festive and lacy ptr fron mle material ike crepe paper rayon, elopane they ‘jateeraly scp thesethon ke abr with ot haar pata’ I ihe wind i strong enough, vote Kites wil tak up to ven tale Watching them acer to experience a ovely suave, fll city i te thy More reel, Monnet hasbeen makings which nea tke ancien sane reptes under the ta whore by cone trac they ae wey low moving having’ spec gay Simian to water In Atala several ets go Lad ocsion to meet an siete ors diet the nice ing only ‘ar materials tke twigs nd tone genty modlying {esi bat never dominating, When Tate Jon Das Invhs tdio in Melbourne: he showed me a sumer of frail, devotional abets he had made. The) resembled ‘Sila eon cs or aman payer aro: ‘rane to buy one, but med ot tat with the excep Son of mojr fest omaseums Davis was ot eager Is wos Be prefered to give it sway, otto bate orothe peopl’ work, at an homage to the gif-exchange facie tpi clare whi fo em Ws me orant pat of socal fe Since he eame 2 good fing Trough Teaching he doesn't need to all hart wht caves hi fre ocaion to give say, Beane at Ie coer to wnat he baleen in (Ube Amer oat ser {Carel so had the habit a iving aay his boxes tt a Shyer mw ha mag ict do they were aways danger of being 0 olen) "ihre ae many aise who have preted te cangee ‘of becoming ame agent of our toa endenis snd have the prolly fo day Sack om by hang work that Ieinoene way saute for media consumption. Bat tice conacousat inthe end, arly determined bythe Interests ofthe etal welt. an ince the nal ‘ots acarerinmind wil obroulybeesgerto promote Ti or het own aun, tcnls mast be bent fo sul the de td ofthe tins "As atts we have sod of inspiration toy indsence” the Minimalist scaptr Ca Andre hes {ae ie aye dt hice of cher ‘ping though erring trough our contadicions. Now throgh the gent of fhe Coureoe we have the chance tomate them "Ks began stacking and piling bes in 1961, bat it tater he turf sang brick, lying ther cut fa ‘epetive manner horizontal slong te for He made is {lips neg the ground. years way of geting any from athe tecunated verily of mote wad! Fonms"The engaged poniton it run song he earth he Egy hea sculpture e 900d” A row of bask can be ‘made by anybody~nr docs sem wily elsble. Sle {esol and fora high pce, evn thou, ke the ral {hows po vate ste SF ok or at Allthe parts re ‘ai and interchangeable: eres no compostin no con ‘Shction ov caving. no expresiveneee Por this reaton, Miata boring to many people, who conser tot Infoned by any crete sro strc, Ba boring the pulica the ie Barbra Rove pointed out bout this ewan backin 965—isone way ofeing ts commitment in abet eel ry oe we “Approval they Krow, i ay to come by Yo ts ole’ marke for clare, bu conn snes pone 0 sgt. So they make thea ae fil, remot soo an Inligente posable” TES ndottedly tam tha diferent type ofa ar produce by diferent sacle, but modern Western so ‘iy coer ser tobe unger inguin isa aracomarad {fy tbe sald nexchange or oney prestige an pow The ies of making at for post appre hen spi hora and economic fe betn to be separate fm one “totes withthe development of fregn ade and marke the ditinion between» pitoging sty and market society. Abia ote, for iatanc, dt pctv art [Storms of te commerce value no preinduetacutare raid ‘At rar ving hing not amathng extol rent tobescdataproe war ameaneo coming its Contact withthe le-free of nature. Sacred designe were Bnd in secret and reveal only nial ~guaried fom ‘ramen, rangers an the unite, td ten ret When they had served hts pupore. Today, ark pning ourhes only i Norte Aural snd inder Wester Infuenee, the paltings se now made fora marke of at Atle who sl she in ban center, story fo tour Ins took Ta Gl ews ye da tha he way we get thing can ameter change sate He a aes {Eatin ty Fundamental vature af and nt coe tony. Sie hardly an serene, given the detached nae ture of commnadty exchange (in cone to the bonding ‘omer of is) that we have called shoe netons know ft {heir commodies “the fve world” The pheee docs sem velo politcal sodomy; acceding to HYG i ‘erly incencs Sat the dominant form of ecenge in ‘hese ans doe ot bind the individual anyway Ent hcomary, or athe ate inl when bart ofthe valli given sway that community spe EGinmedity systems have tht own sor of gor Bat they bring titer the personal raneformations north a ka? and spl cohesion of git exchange Indeed, or ‘howe who bleve in eanfermation ethers eon ‘mothe soo of market exchange have become ‘Scie 'wth the dsth tat pore nombre ‘As present-day tader cute becomes increasingly epenonalsed and administered by breast roth reacted by producing wars whone etepecllares, and individuation aro exaggerated that {iy canot be reduced to monetary equivalents In some {sus hey ae sng ter own bees a2 medium=the Sven intimacy, for example, of Vio Accor puting « ‘match to is Brat and burning the hat ff his chest. On “toes econo, int Work ced Trdrurks Accor bit ‘Nine over te mech of his body athe could wach He then applied printers into the bcs and stamped bie nts on vroussfaces-One reason a ike he aes uF ‘Excioun thot tilts our senee of boundatienno i= ‘ction te made between pubic and private event, be ‘een ead aesthetic emtions, betwen at ad sel For ‘eon experience satel provrative He hat ‘SiStha tend of perfomance beets ofthe extenity ‘ite utrean, night ven be the development of fandicay. But perormance aa lifecevem tomes ambivalent at ver Kit for instance tn 900 reseed ina busts ful and neck, leaping in the window ede ofa ule Ing ints Pare set Justa Malevich in 1017 dele Il 0 be the "President of Spe” proposing Ns new hs pit a ag of mle ac, Kin ‘hough ht Body ght into space way the most revla. ‘onary of alate He thou the wile universe as is age, “Today he wrote, “anyone who pa spice mst “yg ito space paint bute nt go there without {ny faking, and” by Ns own maaan «word he mast Capable of ein” theteror aa? Om the {earn ofthe potato, Rin i jump rom he second Sut mae cnughe ns pou by nde (he pote ‘Bapk was thes doctored an the tarpon fesnoved) On ‘Ever ether ocaions, however, he made sist ape ‘rth any protection. "Alona wih notion of impermanence and iaccesi iy, hon we aun ats aang ase of lence sl Iman sad high personal sk Ss ats of provocation Reto i ve fui er gw mata epost. Our soit tone which devalue sien. Talahpr an avery in favor f como. eicieny, ar ‘Seeapatonl accra: Akon aif by compensation tain ‘Shut have ok compete o bring us Bock o an experience af the negative, on hen the Calf art Chey Barden {tae allsnaked across broken glass Mach of Burden'= sy work centered on phys! and pryhologial endure ance tes, and sometimes even disfigurement. In 8 work alleges (1074), Baden had el ale othe feof of sar. “Insd a ml age on Specoeay Avene fe wrote stod on the rtr bumper 2 Valkawsgen 1 Lby on my back over the rear section ofthe ct seteng imams onto the root Nas were dive though ny pal into the oot of theca. The garage door wer opened a the ‘ar was Pash half-way ot nto Speadvsy, The ening ‘wasn al see foro minute: Then fe was Sued (fai the car was pared back into ie rage. The doce ‘nae lose" In an even earlier monk done i 1971, Burden ‘ad hts shot In the lef arm by frond holding 2 Caliber ile wanding twelve fet sway” Asked why sone ody ia his ight mind might want fo do nats ting Burden explained, “Is something to experienc, How 2 you know what fees ke to beso i you don get cht [eseems interesting enought be worth doing” Once the salto of: now-dafunct at magazine ented Asie {shed Burden why hoconsldered that hs work war ort. And Burden seplied, "What eo it W's not thane Catng shat i for teal, Lying in bed Tor twenty-ino days “There's Ne element oF pretence o make-believe in ee jst taped there fora fem hours or went home very dy {o' giant diner would be theater Now know wh {0 xpactThe unknown gone mean eres nop it er peting shor apa” ‘Mounted on «eed velvet plinth, the nails that wore driven through Chis Burden’ palms ere subsequently {old ina Neve York at gallery Its bot one of enst Instancs hat demonstrate how tt world postion get Inte every bit of our behavion=and how what ode at Individual seks ae verymuchsmaterof he Kn of ca HMucture in which he fads haeleThe att Belevs that hne'has done well He does no perceive his at ss beng Alstored ors effectiveness imped, inorder to conform to the practices of» money cute. Ot ihe does pee this he belles ii in a own intrest not fo eae Once an instaton lke she markt sat has Bee scoped 2 Iiptinate over along period of tine, nerspably segues 2 Hteand momenta oft own. itthen products false onsiosness," whereby wo ail uphold and parscpate i thisset of rangement, beeving thom que fnigpnasble to our well bang But wecan soe Row advanced todayIgo longer case, and contain no mora imperative. Even IEEE i pe te a tangoments ae on the wrong ack, he cannot (os Goethe nce sl amar conmeton) be requ fo gin ine Si that thesten hs Meconltony, ang ae cane Storoncas snd totlopia ecaty fe uo tvclved: But ihecsuangenent eect thr once ti aborted nthe {namic of coneumpeon andthe purpose analy et uta seve i aled rere “Fhe hasan at Mie Por, who iver nd wo in Spey, hw tensa el lence na work tate tenasrcinaneltont to mae imposible forthe sudence {Sera ino party sbowt wht was happening By as. ‘Suing war only heal exprnce nan ey work Sed ag Sue he ted gunpomder wick sound hep Shae are ore fo cope with «dre assault on ite indestinding the audience baomes dpsed and in Saved Tar ns the enon rpencies of Ns personal [eno mates sn ean ora pseu of perfor nce aA nor seen bles Conte OF im chopping St hs som than ane Pare lef sr congenitally ne Terme rd ch a ay woo deal wh eae tou the dsbty The sr he chopped of was an abe ‘Mel ee pronthenis ade out of atex and ied th nin livers. hist and wie removed the ‘Si, nd he er tached ni places pk Enited Sm eh had mad. The pink ar hax no beh pt up 9" Sig nar have the remsite of the proses “rhe now snrentngpresure on a0 be “succes” wcll ee up feu that ight be seperated rom pacts, Suceoe and sae are eomplanceproducng Fer ndacng sf inept ae othe ohio provided tyoa alread to cing tenaciwny to cea nape of UvingSoscone not Mought up fer soc and ‘Hower ot somata commited oon gash "TSvanesebom performance ant Tehching Hach, whe tated the US. ply into, woud bean exaplo= finds hima ander fas prea fo compromise, Economic ces and acu, confor and peau, were ot pat of ES pbeneie in Cina and fave not fred hs odook ‘The pufoimancer of Tebehing chit for 2 whole year i's long won, ented age Bc inva ee Talking ins cge be bull i hs ft on Hudon Set or cone yee (1978-78. No read no write, n9 TV, no radio,” fe stats. Following upon tho wat 3 sme cockpits {G9so-s1 in which the ast pundhed a tine elec eery hour nthe hou, twenty-four hous a dy, for one year In 1961 he Began shir worm ech eset hans he sk of remaining eattely our fors whole yea in Manat tan During ths tine, Haich documented his actnitie, ‘Photographing incl daly. He reverence weat indoors, renter 3 bullding, subway, tan cao tent He slap {B dooway, parking los or under the Brooklyn Bee "Tach day uti [spend ike bum," he ae sate. “But pleceis nota bum. sam artist Tchoone to doth pan {ttm prepared. Outdcors sy symbol for outde word, opt an hurt you, the winter an hat you Is moce dan ferous Ostdoor pice ir rym Tor htman stg in Sond. ln New Work mu recom ut fo be wo ats Freedom not enough you ned dcpine"Huthakes ht Performances sto» Whale year because he believe ta! year symbols 2 whole lato do pec fr oly = ‘rec i fo ake epaation between his at an he Ue, ‘nd ths el hol porter Forse esc s TNS fe ant his at be one thing hie medium i esl te, And eal depevaion And the move dificult ie at Becomes ‘the more Rt challenges him toch bis own lit and ‘ete, tose what point it Mimslf he can rach. The Niennese peycounaiyt Ort Rank once wrote (in i922) about the att "Hy caling ie nat 2 means of eno, butte str. he dacs at practice scaling bat ‘Today, howe whatever we do, we are supposed do for the se of "making s ving” andthe autour of people. ‘Specialy in the attic and intelectual professions he Imight once have challenged this ew has notably de creed ‘Goviousy, art doas not do the same thing epoch afer «epoch, merely changing te spe ts Fantlon varies ence ‘moualy from one society to another Arthas vay i= {erated with the socal enwicnment ie naver nut may esha elect, Yenoree, anor, ce epadiate, but [i alwaye in ome lind of necessary relation to the sca eacare There always 2corlton betwsen society's ‘aus, dcecions and motive andthe a ft produces ‘Modernism a, we have seen Ban culested ir objec Inna 262 mode of cll resitanceos andor "0bureaucracy administered and overrtonalied way of Hie The ato the fart ity yeu, In patil, has been dominated by astyioel perception tate diel, weflly itaccanible nd diorieting.Ansous abject donot lic the standard, cherished sexponec fo art—rather they seem fovopeny conrad adifonal factions of uplifting = {Taming and teonclingsabstuting Instead the dieu {iStumtof shock and ube ‘Thir primary fonction has bean fo ctates ete sonsournest but more often than fot tho cea faction os imply dsapeated, as ast ‘oresuerstie culture. assimilates potentially verive Form of at and deprver them af his antagonistic foe By ‘Srcting them nto commodities. "Jecause we ive ima cosumer economy, where the cash sale of thing has Baoan ther primary ele, lect Focus to imagine another wy of fe mode of thought then our. Looking over dhe fase ange of man achievee thon, however make ate cleat that oor values are nt the only stands by which art can be understood ahd Jig Ie praive sets the ncenives for making tt tre chiefly non-economl, they asee from tation, and ‘oes lgiousconsidertns. Thar no at of reve. eit tly in stnesoieties tat tse ae specs. Carving 2 {Erle gate or olung a set of ual masks ix Bally for [futnce dane snonyetoasy, nor can the Balinese social Hrctur be seen a? collection of indiduals ying for {Hktar tnd prestige The AmescenIndlans and the Aue {Edin aborigines valued art for ite magia powers: and Sinoag the Rulsba of southem Niger the Mod of ‘Now fala wulpate sre irended as “houses” fo spt- {to achieve some control gver them. China the seat palates ved lke hermits, fn the soltade of nature, fom {Shih they dee thet rspvaton, They avoided the fe oF the cou and gave aay thee pitas Gy our oder Western weld nly one of ange ruber of posite worl butte asumplon everthless ‘anuin htt moseenty nt only distinctive, but superior {Sal tht har preceded ie Moderns freadom and auton ty, however, which would have beer ineoneevabe reviou ssuties le coming increasingly hazardous and ‘Entaguoue a collides head on with ou Cotty’ ster- ‘dpotat are snd cata fe. Jst ow races the ‘ategy of estangesset he so in Hbertng the rst ty en nt ret cd fener Seep ainccernamee Seen Sega nats Sona A cereeee om eoenetdeerie tetra Seepage ee abel artorcamrssrag Bareraietie comets Bele aie he oe amaneatn ete ter Feapeaee eure iionaenee ae Eres ieGeucacmne nace eo Grats coer eomeatee neat rine Soca amen ee fees agi es ee Boe eacre ecctes Biles eer Sabo er ery ee Skee eases sok teen aa apuurnemm oe eet Teen mace geaee Eetonneaareiereere ge pram ieee ae esters ete aon cyte EeSh euganot mats eo eroe dark eaeiacireen tate ee cman osc Reetature of bureaascy even wou tg ast She Sayan ha ecm ony rie ag hans ‘eh ling he once ested he cet woud slot TERE eee cute we mend uid Wher we ESAS Sane te values tat hve been py ‘itn svedten to undesndoueyhe leo of {etch cannot suv ng te cpa “ole” Sige by ate conprome. CHAPTER FOUR: BUREAUCRATIZATION ‘The Death of the Avant-Garde Fer some tine now it has been evident that the crit intransigence of the avantgarde evaporating i rn of fur eyes Provocation that once seed radial have long Sine fost their power to rho. Even the set dfn a fis become comfortably fais, ant the unpeeitable predictable. Whether inspite of infor dve fo cum ESncs beyond ite contol the vanguard concept his been traded infer good marketing strategy, and ha become ig ‘oom jagger. Th cre Petes Schjedah pti wel when he wot ha the staal nce kar of te ate “Gos and 70s has had “roughly the impact on capa of 2 Deantag hued span cement ‘hs to recone ore the kak of pa nla frequent angus as theugh were art to have Iover and done with. Bat the rth shi in any ways the ubversive impale of modernism sheen cur aur {ving race the Svan garde funcone as the conscience (f bourgens cvilation, the oly anoxn generated ‘within the body of our rst to coutea!the pemicins read of seule, barecrate consciousness, ins we hall perhaps onl perceive the tre roaing of what we fave lost by becoming consccus af the dynamic by which modemist culture has been displaced and of the conve ‘quences now posed tothe balance foes within ous sal