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Electrical Properties Archie's Law

- Archie's law relates the resistivity of a saturated rock to its porosity, water saturation, and lithology through equations for formation factor and saturation. - The formation factor equation, using Archie's parameters a and m, describes how resistivity varies with porosity. It is influenced by pore geometry, cementation, and clay content. - The saturation equation, using the parameter n, describes how resistivity varies with water saturation. It is determined from core sample measurements. - Together, Archie's equations allow determining water saturation from resistivity logs, which is important for fluid identification and reservoir evaluation.

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75 views

Electrical Properties Archie's Law

- Archie's law relates the resistivity of a saturated rock to its porosity, water saturation, and lithology through equations for formation factor and saturation. - The formation factor equation, using Archie's parameters a and m, describes how resistivity varies with porosity. It is influenced by pore geometry, cementation, and clay content. - The saturation equation, using the parameter n, describes how resistivity varies with water saturation. It is determined from core sample measurements. - Together, Archie's equations allow determining water saturation from resistivity logs, which is important for fluid identification and reservoir evaluation.

Uploaded by

naefmubarak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Properties

Archies Law

Rock containing pores saturated


with water and hydrocarbons
Non-shaly rock, 100% saturated
with water having resistivity,
Rw

Rt
= 20%
Sw = 20%

Ro

Cube of water
having resistivity,
Rw

= 20%
Sw = 100%

Rw

Saturation
Equation

Res

istiv
i ty

Formation Factor
Equation

= 100%
Sw = 100%

Formation Factor
The formation factor (F) depends on
Porosity of the formation,
Pore geometry - tortuosity
Lithology of the formation
Degree of cementation, and
Type and amount of clay in the rock

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

Formation Factor Equation


Archies equation for formation factor is a power law model:

F=R0/Rw=a-m
1000
Rock type 1

100

10

Note: Sw=1

Rock type 2

.01

.1

1.0
From NExT, 1999

Formation Factor - Example Core Data


a 1.0

From J. Jensen, PETE 321


Lecture Notes

Formation Factor

F=a-m
a = constant 1.0 for most formations
m = cementation factor 2 for most formations
Other commonly used values
Sandstones:
F = 0.8/2 (Tixier)
0.62/2.15 (Humble)

Carbonates
F = 0.8/2

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

Saturation Equation
Power Law
Model

1000

IR=Rt/R0=Sw-n
IR =

R0

100
Rt

Each curve for a


specific core
sample
No conductive
materials (clay)
present

Rock type 1

Rock type 2

10

1
.01

.1

1.0

Sw
From NExT, 1999

Laboratory Determination of
Saturation Exponent, n
100

Rt / Ro

n = Slope
10

1
0.1

Sw (fraction)

1.0

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

R0 Appears in Both Equations


Ro
a
m
Rw

when Sw = 100%

Rt
1

R o Swn

when = constant

From NExT, 1999

Archies Equation (Combined)


Empirical constant
(usually near unity)

Sw n

Water
saturation,
fraction
Saturation
exponent
(also usually
near 2)

a Rww

Porosity,
fraction

Resistivity of
formation water,
-m

Rtt

Cementation
exponent
(usually near 2)

True formation
resistivity, -m

From NExT, 1999

IDEALIZED
LOG SET

R=4
= 0.30
R = 0.4

R=8

= 0.07

Shale

Sand

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

R = 0.3

= 0.35

Effect of Filtrate Invasion Rnear_well Rt (permeability present)

Invaded
Zone (Rxo)

Uninvaded
Zone
(Rt)

ion
t
i
s
n
a
Tr
ne
o
Z

Uninvaded
Zone
(Rt)

Wellbore
Mud
(Rm)
Mud Cake
(Rmc)

Modified from J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

EXAMPLE LOG WITH RESISTIVITY


001) BONANZA 1
GRC
0
150
SPC
-160 MV
40
ACAL
6
16

0.2
0.2
0.2

ILDC
SNC
MLLCF

200
200
200

RHOC
1.95
2.95
CNLLC
0.45
-0.15

DT
150 us/f 50

ILDC
0.2

200

10700

SNC
0.2

200
MLLCF

0.2

200

10800

10900

Deep
Resistivity
Log (ILDC), Rt

From NExT, 1999

Laboratory Resistance

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

Laboratory Resistivity
Resistivity

V
2
(ohms ) * A m
R ohm meters I
L m

From J. Jensen, PETE 321 Lecture Notes

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