Past

Simple

Continuous

Perfect simple

Moment specificat

Moment nespecificat

(+) VbII-ed

(+) S + was/were + VbI-ing

(+) S + had + VbIII-ed

(+) S + had been + VbI-ing

(?) Did + S + VbI

( ) S + didnt + VbI

(?) Was/Were + S + VbI-ing

( ) S + wasnt/werent + VbI-ing

(?) Had + S + VbIII-ed

( ) S + hadnt + VbIII-ed

(?) Had + S + been + VbI-ing

( ) S + hadnt been + VbI-ing

O actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment

exact din trecut
-> at 5, yesterday, 2 minutes ago
act. lunga (while) -> past cont,
act. scurta (when) -> past simple
While I was cooking, she arrived.
I was travelling to my colleague when the
proffesor came.

O actiune trecuta, care s-a petrecut

inaintea alateia tot in trecut sau a unui
moment anume in trecut.
-> just, already, by, hardly, scarcely
By 12 o clock the cleaning lady had aired
all the rooms in the hotel.

O actiune de durata care s-a petrecut

neintrerupt pana la un moment dat in
trecut.
-> by the time, since, for, before.
They had been working for over an hour until
the bus came.

Cauza unui efect trecut

Why did the window break? Because he
had thrown a stone at it.

Arata efectul unei actiuni intamplate in

trecut
Marc was tired because he had been working
for a project all night long

Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING

-

O actiune terminata care s-a petrecut

intr-un moment bine determinat in trecut.
-> last month, year, Tuesday
-> a month ago (ago se pune la sfarsit)
-> 1984, in spring
I worked.
We visited Vintage Pub last Friday

O actiune in desfasurare simultan cu o

alta alta actiune in desfasurare.
Abele vor avea acelasi timp
While I was cooking, my friend was playing
football.

Present

Perfect continuous

Cu expresii/cuvinte ca: no sooner, than

Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING

(+) Vb +-s (p.III sg. +-es)

(+) S + am/is/are + VbI-ing

(+) S + have/has + VbIII-ed

(+) S + have been + VbI-ing

(?) Do (p.III sg Does) + S + VbI

( ) S + dont (p.III sg doesnt) + VbI

(?) Am/Is/Are + S + VbI-ing

( ) S + am not/isnt/arent + VbI-ing

(?) Have/Has + S + VbIII-ed

( ) S + havent/hasnt + VbIII-ed

(?) Have + S + been + VbI-ing

( ) S + havent been + VbI-ing

Rutina, frecvent, obisnuit, repetat

-> always, often, sometimes, usualy, rarely,
never, ever, in the morning, in spring
I always drink CC.
I go to school every week.
Situatii permanante
I live in Bucharest. I work for CC.

Adevaruri generale (stiinta)

The Earth spins. Water contains H and O.
Activitati dintr-un orar/program oficial
(tabel)
-> program, orar, mersul trenurilor
The movie starts at 3PM.
The train to Cta. leaves at 5AM.
Trecut evocat in prezent
Napoleon conquers the land and settles in..

Actiuni in desfasurare acum

-> now, at this moment
I am learning. I am learning (now). (dedus)

Situatii temporare/intr-o perioada de timp

determinata
-> this week, month, year, semester, today
I live in Buch, but this week I am living in Cta.
Actiuni care se desfasoara intr-o perioada
de timp care include prezentul
I am studying psychology three years.
Activitate viitoare pe care am pregatit-o,
planuri personale
-> today, tonight, tomorrow, next year, month
I am watching a movie tonight.
Actiuni deranjante/iritante pentru vorbitor
You are drinking too much.
Exceptii -se folosesc doar la present simple
-> de perceptie, senzatie, activitate mentala abhor, adore, astonish, believe, desire, detest,
dislike, doubt, feel, forgive, guess, hate, hear,
imagine, impress, intend, know, like, love, etc.
I love fruits.
-> de relatie si posesie - be, belong to, concern,
consist of, contain, cost, depend on, deserve,
equal, owe, etc.
My brother owes me a book.

O actiune incheiata, petrecuta intr-o

perioada nespecificata din trecut
I have met my friends.
We have learned.

O actiune incheiata recent cu rezultate in

prezent
-> just, already
I have just eaten.(deduc ca nu iti este foame)
I have never learned English.
O actiune inceputa in trecut si continuata
pana in prezent
-> for (per: 4 months), since (punct fix: 1953),
so far, until now
I have worked as a teacher for 7 years.
I have learned english since 2005.
I have known him for 5 years.
Experienta/non-experienta
-> ever, never
I have eaten sushi three times.
Have you ever been to Australia?

O actiune inceputa in trecut si care

continua in momntul vorbirii
She has been studying English for 2 years.

O actiune repetata sau pentru accentaurea

unei actiuni care s-a petrecut recent
I have been trying to talk to her for a week
but shes never at home.
You look tired! What have you been doing?

Future

Simple

Perfect simple

Moment specificat

Moment nespecificat

Perfect continuous

(+) S + will + VbI

(+) S + will be + VbI-ing

(+) S + will have + VbIII-ed

(+) S + will have been + VbI-ing

(?) Will + S + VbI

( ) S + will not/wont + VbI

(?) Will + S + be + VbI-ing

( ) S + will not/wont be + VbI-ing

(?) Will + S + have + VbIII-ed

( ) S + will not/wont have + VbIII-ed

(?) Will + S + have been + VbI-ing

( ) S + will not have been + VbI-ing

O actiune in desfasurare intr-un moment

exact din viitor
-> tomorrow, by this time tomorrow
This time tomorrow Ill be swimming.
What you will be doing this time next year?
Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor ca
urmare a unei actiuni de rutina sau unui
aranjament
Do not interrupt her now. She will be
signing a contract.

O actiune care se petrece inaintea unui

moment din viitor.
-> by the time, after, until, by
She will have returned home by Thursday
evening.
When we see Tom next year, he will have
gradulated high school.

O actiune de durata (precizata) care s-a

petrecut neintrerupt pana la un moment dat
in viitor.
-> by the time, since, for, before.
Tomorrow at 7 I will have been sleeping for
10 hours.

(+) S + would + VbI

(+) S + would be + VbI-ing

Corespondenta cu viitorul

(?) Would + S + VbI

( ) S + would not + VbI

(?) Would + S + be + VbI-ing

( ) S + would not be + VbI-ing

1. Ptr a exprima o actiune viitoare simultana

sau ulterioara unei alte actiuni viitoare din
propozitia principala, in propozitia secundara
temporara se foloseste timpul prezent simplu.

Exprima actiuni in viitor care fac parte

dintr-un program (peste care nu putem
avea control)
Next term begins at 8 January
The match starts at 5 P.M.
Decizii luate pe moment, spontane
Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon
Promisiuni, amenintari, cereri, sperante
I will never tell you anything
Previziuni despre viitor
I believe she will be a great politician one day
Exprima actiuni viitoare in prop.
circumstantiale de timp introduse prin:
when, till, until, as long etc
As long as he keeps playing well, hell keep
winning matches.
Ill open the window when it stops raining.
Going to future
Planuri, intentii pentru viitor
I am going to travel to Spain one day.
Predictii bazate pe ceea ce stim sau ce
vedem
Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon
Actiuni la care ne-am hotarat deja sa le
facem in viitorul apropiat
We are going to visit our relatives in the
weekend.
-> tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon,
next week, in a week, month

Future-in-the-past

Continuous

Se foloseste in prop. secundare (prop.

principala fiind la timpuri trecute) si exprima
o actiune care la un anumit moment din
trecut era considerata ca viitoare dar care
din punct de vedere al momentului vorbiri
reprezinta o actiune trecuta
I decided / that I would find a new job /.
- prop principala, - prob. secundara

Vb-ING Vb-ED Vb-ING

-

Vb-ING
-

Se foloseste in prop. secundare pentru a

exprima o actiune care fata de un anumit
moment din trecut era considerata viitoare
si se desfasura (sau urma sa se desfasoare)
pentru o anumita perioada de timp, dar care,
fata de momentul vorbirii reprezinta o
actiune trecuta
In 2012 I decided / that I would be traveling
around the world the next year /.
- prop principala, - prob. secundara

Ill give you the book / when we meet /.

Ill give you the book / before we meet /.
2. Ptr. a exprima o actiune viitoare anterioara
unei alte actiuni viitoare din propozitia
principala, in propozitia secundara temporara
se foloseste timpul present perfect
Ill give you the book / after we have meet /.
Adrian SIMA
@2013