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HG 6e CH 08 Lecture

Chapter 8 Lecture Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Sixth Edition Food and Agriculture Wendy Mitteager State University of new york, Oneonta Key Concepts agricultural practices Agricultural Revolutions Industrialization of agriculture Biotechnology Globalized agriculture Agribusiness The environment and agriculture Figure: Chapter 8 Opener Peasants in Ecuador prepare sustainably grown potatoes for market.

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51 views28 pages

HG 6e CH 08 Lecture

Chapter 8 Lecture Human Geography: Places and Regions in Global Context Sixth Edition Food and Agriculture Wendy Mitteager State University of new york, Oneonta Key Concepts agricultural practices Agricultural Revolutions Industrialization of agriculture Biotechnology Globalized agriculture Agribusiness The environment and agriculture Figure: Chapter 8 Opener Peasants in Ecuador prepare sustainably grown potatoes for market.

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Chapter 8 Lecture

Human Geography: Places and


Regions in Global Context
Sixth Edition

Food and Agriculture

Wendy A. Mitteager
State University of New York, Oneonta

Key Concepts

Agricultural practices
Agricultural revolutions
Industrialization of agriculture
Biotechnology
Globalized agriculture
Agribusiness
The environment and agriculture

Figure: Chapter 8 Opener Peasants in Ecuador prepare sustainably grown potatoes for
market.

2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Traditional Agriculture
Agrarian
Hunting and gathering
Subsistence
agriculture
Commercial
agriculture
Shifting cultivation
Crop rotation
Slash-and-burn
Intertillage
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Figure 8.1 Genetically-modified


soybeans in Brazil.

Traditional Agriculture, (contd)

Figure 8.4 Shifting cultivation helps maintain


soil fertility.

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Figure 8.5 Slash-and-burn in


China

Traditional Agriculture, (contd)

Figure 8.6 Intertillage: planting


different crops together has
many benefits.

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Figure 8.7 Gender division of labor in


rice processing in India.

Global Distribution of Agriculture, 2005

Figure 8.2

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Traditional Agriculture, (contd)


Intensive subsistence
agriculture
Double cropping
Pastoralism
Transhumance
Figure 8.8 A terraced rice field in Bali

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Agricultural Revolutions

Figure 8.10 Animals were important in the first agricultural revolution.

Apply your knowledge: Why was the Industrial Revolution


so important to the second agricultural revolution? How did
manufacturing technologies change agricultural
technologies?
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Agricultural Revolutions, (contd)


Third revolution
Mechanization
Chemical farming
Food manufacturing

Figure 8.14 A bread factory in Iowa.

Apply your knowledge: Read the labels on at least four


different products. Identify the various processes involved in
making them ready for market. How does the package
enhance the attractiveness of the product?
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Agricultural Revolutions, (contd)

Figure 8.13 Worldwide growth in fertilizer use, 2005-2007.

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Industrialization of Agriculture
Important
developments
Changes in rural labor
Innovative inputs
Industrial substitutes

Figure 8.15 Commercial flower


production in Argentina.
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Green revolution
Nontraditional exports
(NTAEs)
Contract farming

Green Revolution

Figure 8.B

Figure 8.C

Increased yields of protein crops and other crops ,such as rice,


was a result of the Green Revolution often at the expense of
the environment.

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Biotechnology

Biorevolution
Biopharming
Bourlaug hypothesis
Cash crops

Figure 8.16 Biopharma map of the U.S.

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Biotechnology, (contd)

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Blue Revolution and Global Shrimp


Aquaculture
Cost/price squeeze

Figure 8.G Price trends in the Mekong Delta

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Figure 8.F Price trends in Louisiana

Forces of Globalization
Globalized agriculture
Global food problems
Subsidies to food
producers

Figure 8.19 Demonstrators in Yemen,


spring 2011

Apply your knowledge: Research agricultural subsidies in


the U.S. Which growers receive the most subsidies?
Compare the U.S. data with other countries from both the
periphery and the core.
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Organization of the Agro-Food System

Figure 8.20 The food supply chain

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Food Regimes and Alternative Food


Movements

Organic farming
Conventional farming
Local food
Urban agriculture
Slow food
Figure 8.22 Local food advertisement

Apply your knowledge: Create a map of the availability


of locally produced food. Is the distribution even across
your region?
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Food Regimes and Alternative Food


Movements, (contd)

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Fast Food

Product of post-World War II


Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser
Childrens eating habits
Disease
Environmental impacts

Apply your knowledge: How many fast food restaurant


are in your town? Research their menu and nutritional value
of several popular items. What can you conclude about the
nutritional value of each item and their price?
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Fast Food, (contd)

Figure 8.23 Economic costs of obesity in the U.S., 2009

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The Growth of Urban Agriculture

Figure 8.I Urban gardening


movement in Detroit,
Michigan
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Figure 8.J Urban rooftop gardens in China

The Environment and Agricultural


Industrialization

Figure 8.24 Modern irrigation system

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Figure 8.25 Impact of pesticides on


pollinators

The Environment and Agricultural


Industrialization, (contd)

Figure 8.26 Desertification in China

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Emerging Problems and Opportunities


Food and health

Undernutrition
Malnutrition
Famine
Food security
Food sovereignty

Figure 8.27 Almost one in seven people


worldwide is chronically undernourished.

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Emerging Problems and Opportunities,


(contd)

Figure 8.28 Jatropha plantation in India.

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Figure 8.29 Protest in Paris, France against


genetically modified organisms (GMOs), 2008.

Future Geographies

Figure 8.30 Government investments

Apply your knowledge: Search the Internet for news


stories on recent protests against GMO food. What are the
protesters concerns? Do you believe their concerns are
justified? Provide scientific evidence to support your
argument.
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End of Chapter 8

2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

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