Fact Sheet With Comments
Fact Sheet With Comments
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One essential part of educating students successfully is assessing their progress in learning to high standards. Done well and thoughtfully, assessments are tools for
learning and promoting equity. They provide necessary information for educators, families, the public, and students themselves to measure progress and improve
outcomes for all learners. Done poorly, in excess, or without clear purpose, they take valuable time away from teaching and learning, draining creative approaches from our
classrooms. In the vital effort to ensure that all students in America are achieving at high levels, it is essential to ensure that tests are fair, are of high quality, take up the
minimum necessary time, and reflect the expectation that students will be prepared for success in college and careers.
In too many schools, there is unnecessary testing and not enough clarity of purpose applied to the task of assessing students, consuming too much instructional time and
creating undue stress for educators and students. The Administration bears some of the responsibility for this, and we are committed to being part of the solution.
No one set out to create situations where students spend too much time taking standardized tests or where tests are redundant or fail to provide useful information.
Nevertheless, these problems are occurring in many placesunintended effects of policies that have aimed to provide more useful information to educators, families,
students, and policymakers and to ensure attention to the learning progress of low-income and minority students, English learners, students with disabilities, and members
of other groups that have been traditionally underserved. These aims are right, but support in implementing them well has been inadequate, including from this
Administration. We have focused on encouraging states to take on these challenges and to provide them with flexibility. One of the results of this approach is that we have
not provided clear enough assistance for how to thoughtfully approach testing and assessment.
What follows is a set of principles and steps to correct the balance, protecting the vital role that good assessment plays in guiding progress for students and evaluating
schools and educators, while providing help in unwinding practices that have burdened classroom time or not served students or educators well. In addition, a report from
the Council of the Great City Schools (http://www.cgcs.org/cms/lib/DC00001581/Centricity/Domain/87/Testing%20Report.pdf) released today will help deepen the
nations understanding of these issues.
Principles for Fewer and Smarter Assessments
Assessments must be:
This bothered me for some reason. I feel like assessments that are designed to
incorporate critical thinking skills are still not as beneficial as the learning that
could be taking place if the assessment were not considered a necessity.
1. Worth Taking: Testing should be a part of good instruction, not a departure from it. A good assessment is aligned to the content and skills a student is learning, and
it requires the same kind of complex work students do in an effective classroom or in the real world. Assessments should present useful information and questions
that push students critical thinking skills, so that students gain valuable experience even while taking them. And assessments should provide timely, actionable
feedback to students, parents, and educators that can be used to guide instruction and additional supports for students. They should also aid leaders decisions to
target resources and supports. Assessment should happen only when necessary to accomplish those goals. No standardized test should ever be given solely for
educator evaluation. Is that really a thing???
Yes! This is so important. By the time we get in the results from MAP testing, the students
have a different teacher, and have probably forgotten most of what was on the test.
2. High Quality: High-quality assessment results in actionable, objective information about student knowledge and skills. Assessment systems should measure student
knowledge and skills against state-developed college- and career-ready standards in a way that, as appropriate:
Covers the full range of the relevant state standards to ensure a full picture of what students know and can do;
Elicits complex student demonstrations or applications of knowledge and skills so that teachers and parents know that students are prepared for the real
world; How does performance on a test help us know students are ready for the real world???
Provides an accurate measure of student achievement for all students, including for high- and low-achieving students, so that all educators have the
information they need to provide differentiated supports to students; and
Provides an accurate measure of student growth over time to recognize the progress that schools and educators are making to help students succeed.
3. Time-limited: While it is up to states and districts how to balance instructional time and the need for high-quality assessments, we recommend that states place a
cap on the percentage of instructional time students spend taking required statewide standardized assessments to ensure that no child spends more than 2 percent
of her classroom time taking these tests. Parents should receive formal notification if their childs school exceeds this cap and an action plan should be publicly
posted to describe the steps the state will take to review and eliminate unnecessary assessments, and come into compliance. States and school districts should
carefully consider whether each assessment serves a unique, essential role in ensuring that students are learning.
2% of a students school year? If so, if we estimate that students have about 6 hours of instruction a day, times 180 days, that is still 21.6 hours!
Moreover, low-quality test preparation strategies must be eliminated. States, districts, and educators should eliminate drill-and-kill test prep that is a poor use of
students and educators classroom time. Students do best on high-quality assessments that actually measure critical thinking and complex skills when they have
been exposed to strong instruction, which should be the focus. Districts should take concrete steps to discourage and limit the amount of test preparation activities.
I hated, hated, hated teaching test prep as a classroom teacher. At my previous school, we spent SO MANY wasted hours on test prep!
This is so4. Fair and Supportive of Fairness in Equity in Educational Opportunity: Assessments should be fair, including providing fair measures of student learning for
important! students with disabilities and English learners. Accessibility features and accommodations must level the playing field so tests accurately reflect what students really
know and can do. The same assessments of subjects like reading, writing, science, and math should be given consistently statewide, so that teachers and leaders
I know
accomida have a clear picture of which students are meeting expectations and which students need additional supports and interventions to succeed. Likewise, policymakers
and educators need to know which schools are seeing success with all groups of students, and which schools are struggling and in need of different and greater
tions
supports. States and districts should also ensure that assessments are only used for the purposes for which they were intended and designed. Annual statewide
have
improved, tests are an essential part of guiding that support. The worst part or NCLB was that the schools who needed the most support were being punished by losing
but when
funding. How was that helpful?
5. Fully Transparent to Students and Parents: States and districts should ensure that every parent gets understandable information about the assessments their
MAP
students are taking, by providing information to parents on any tests students are required to take, including (1) the purpose, (2) the source of the requirement, (3)
testing
when the information about student performance is provided to parents and teachers, (4) how teachers, principals, and district officials use the information about
started,
I really hope this happens. The information parents get about their MAP scores does nothing
thishttp://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/fact-sheet-testing-action-plan
was
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but put a label on their kid. They need to know how they can help.
not a
priority!
11/8/2015
student performance, and (5) how parents can use that information to help their child. Parents, educators and, as appropriate, students should also get the results
of assessments in a timely and understandable manner, to have a shared understanding of how students are doing, and how educators and parents can help them
succeed.
6. Just One of Multiple Measures: Assessments provide critical information about student learning, but no single assessment should ever be the sole factor in making
an educational decision about a student, an educator, or a school. Information from sources such as school assignments, portfolios, and projects can help measure
a students academic performance. In addition, factors including chronic absenteeism, student surveys, and indicators of discipline and school climate can help
create a comprehensive understanding of students needs and how schools are doing. For educators, observations of practice, student surveys, and contributions
to the school community can provide highly valuable information to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of performance, and to help educators strengthen their skills
for the benefit of their students.
YES! Basing everything on one test is not benefiting anyone.
7. Tied to Improved Learning: While some tests are for accountability purposes only, the vast majority of assessments should be tools in a broader strategy to
improve teaching and learning. In a well-designed testing strategy, assessment outcomes are not only used to identify what students know, but also inform and
guide additional teaching, supports, or interventions that will help students master challenging material.
President Obama has directed the Department of Education (the Department) to review its policies to address any places where the Administration may have contributed
to the problem of overemphasis on testing burdening classroom time. As a result, the Administration is undertaking the following:
MAY HAVE????
Financial support for states to develop and use better, less burdensome assessments:
Resources to focus on reviewing and eliminating unnecessary tests and developing innovative assessments: In the Administrations 2015 Enhanced
Assessment Grants competition, the Department added a focus on tools for reviewing existing assessments to ensure that each test is of high quality, maximizes
instructional goals, has a clear purpose and utility, and is designed to help students demonstrate mastery of state standards. This augmented the existing goals of
improving the quality, validity, and reliability of assessments, and developing innovative new assessment instruments, such as performance and technology-based
academic assessments.
How can an
assessment
be designed
to help
students
achieve the
standards?
Seeking additional funding to help states conduct assessment reviews and develop innovative assessments: In his FY16 budget proposal, President Obama
called on Congress to provide support to continue and grow this work. The Presidents budget included $403 million for state assessments to provide additional
resources to states to support the effective implementation of assessments that are aligned to college- and career-ready standards that will help ensure that all
students graduate from high school with the knowledge and skills they need to be successful in college and the workplace. In addition to administering statewide
assessments, the Department encourages states to use these funds to review existing assessments to eliminate redundancy and ensure the assessments are highquality, maximize instructional goals, and are designed to help students achieve state standards. A set-aside of $25 million would support competitive projects to
help states develop innovative, new assessment models and address pressing needs they have identified for developing and implementing their assessments. This
could include competency-based assessments, innovative item types, evaluations of existing state and local assessments to reduce time spent on testing, tools
and resources to ensure greater accessibility for students with disabilities and English learners, using technology to administer and score assessments to improve
the utility of the information about student performance, or improving student reports to provide more diagnostic information to parents and teachers. In his FY17
budget proposal, President Obama will once again prioritize these goals.
How can an assessment, even if it is aligned to the standards, ensure that those
Expertise to states and school districts looking to reduce time spent on testing:
who pass it are ready for college or the workplace? And that those who dont
pass it arent? The assessment should not be the ultimate measure of
readiness.
Guidance on reducing assessments: By January 2016, the Department will provide clear guidance to all states and districts regarding what existing federal funds
may be used for assessment audits and to support high-quality teaching and learning, and best practices for using testing as a learning tool.
Dedicated technical assistance: The Department will establish office hours for any state or district that wishes to consult on how it can best reduce testing but
still meet its policy objectives and requirements under the law; will engage in proactive outreach to states and districts on this topic; and will bring in experts to
advise the Department, states, and districts on this work. The Department will also share tools already available to do this work, including The Council of Chief State
School Officers Comprehensive Statewide Assessment Systems: A Framework for the Role of the State Education Agency in Improving Quality and Reducing
Burden
(http://ccsso.org/Resources/Publications/Comprehensive_Statewide_Assessment_Systems_A_Framework_for_the_Role_of_the_State_Education_Agency_in_Improving_Quality_a
and Achieves Student Assessment Inventory for School Districts (http://www.achieve.org/assessmentinventory).
Technical assistance centers: The Department will ensure that its regional and content centers and labs, including the Center for Standards and Assessments
Implementation (CSAI), provide targeted assessment audit support to states and districts that are looking to reduce redundant and unnecessary assessments.
Furthermore, the Department will work with its centers and labs to provide webinars and materials on the research concerning best practice in assessment
practices and the use of information on student performance.
Engage local educator expertise: The Department will work with local teachers and principals to develop and provide guidance to states and districts on how to
engage educators to review the quality and quantity of local assessments. This is who we shouldve been listening to all along.
Flexibility from federal mandates and greater support to innovate and reduce testing:
I like this.
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complex, multi-part tasks. This flexibility was accompanied by a commitment to continue to report results to parents for every student in the state and to transition
back to a single statewide measure of student learning against academic standards once the pilot is complete.
Strengthening the peer review process: The Department will work with external assessment experts to implement a more transparent assessment peer review
process of state assessments to better support states and educators. The revised peer review process will support high-quality state assessment systems and
include a focus on examining the alignment and validity of the tests, test security, and the tests ability to measure higher-order thinking skills, such as analytic
thinking and reasoning, to better measure whether students are leaving high school with the knowledge and skills they need to be ready for college or the
workforce.
Avoiding double-testing: To avoid double-testing of students, the Department will offer states flexibility from No Child Left Behinds requirement that all 8th
graders be tested on the same, statewide 8th grade math and reading tests, when such students are taking advanced high-school level coursework in 8th grade (as
long as those students take the aligned advanced assessment and take additional, advanced, high-school level coursework and aligned assessments while enrolled
in high school). Approximately 20 states are already taking advantage of this flexibility. I should hope we are assessing students on what theyve been learning.
Investing in new models: The Department will be part of the community of researchers, technologists, and innovators within the assessment community who are
piloting new models, by providing federal funding and incentives for these next-generation assessments and by, where feasible, removing policy barriers to advance
this goal. [i]
Im curious as to what these next-generation assessments will look like.
Reducing the reliance on student test scores through our rules and executive actions:
We
should
definitely
be
holding
teacher
educator
s
responsi
ble.
Rulemaking on teacher preparation programs: Last December, the Department of Education released a notice of proposed rulemaking to improve the quality of
teacher preparation programs by asking states to perform more rigorous evaluations of the quality of these programs based on more useful measures. In the
proposed rule, the Department had suggested moving to a system that would measure the quality of a program by looking at certain discrete categories, including:
success in placing teachers within a reasonable period of time after graduation, especially in high-need schools, surveys of teachers about the quality of their
preparation, retention rates, employer surveys, and teachers impact on student learning. The proposal required that states place a significant weight on growth in
student learning, including growth on statewide standardized tests in evaluating these programs. In the coming weeks, we will release a final rule that maintains a
focus on student learning, but provides states flexibility on how to weigh the results of statewide standardized tests and measures of student learning more broadly
in any teacher preparation accountability system that it develops. As in other areas, we believe that student learning as measured by assessment results should be
a part, not the sole determinant, of determining the quality of a particular program.
Educator evaluation requirements: The Administration has adjusted its policies to provide greater flexibility to states in determining how much weight to ascribe
to statewide standardized test results in educator evaluation systems required under the Administrations ESEA flexibility policy. The Administration will continue to
work with states and districts to ensure this flexibility is understood and employed, and to ensure states and districts are focusing on improving their own capacity
around the other critical components of high-quality educator evaluations, such as student and parent surveys, and observation and feedback systems.
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blind peer review evaluation to assess portfolios of student learning in music and fine arts that has caught on in other districts across the state. This reduces student
assessment burden by preventing teachers from being required to administer pre-tests for the purpose of having a baseline student score from which to calculate
student growth.
States can include indicators of student learning, including student growth as measured by factors other than state standardized assessments, in their teacher
evaluation policies. For example, as part of its ESEA waiver policy, Minnesota is approved to allow its districts to include state assessment based growth at any
percent (even less than 1 percent), which is sufficient because Minnesota is including, as a significant factor, student learning growth measured by factors other than
the state assessment.
States may delay inclusion of growth on student learning based on statewide assessments into their systems beyond school year 2015-16 as they continue to
implement and continuously improve their other measure, such as student surveys and observations of professional practice. The District of Columbia has temporarily
removed its value-added measures from its teacher and leader evaluation systems and continues to focus on providing quality feedback on its Teaching and Learning
Framework/Leadership Framework as a key element of the improvement process, according to CGCS.
States can include growth on student learning in their educator evaluation systems through a variety of approaches other than a specific percentage weight, including
matrix models. For example,Massachusetts uses a matrix, with educator performance ratings (e.g., professional culture, parent engagement, planning) on one
axis and student impact ratings on the other, to ensure that growth in student learning is included in a meaningful way, balanced with other factors.
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