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sf7df08f} + ÷ PsLs[ t g] s kf d[To'z}ofdf c:ktfnsf] a]8df
kl5Nnf] r/0fdf eg] /fi6«sf] pRr lj?4sf] cfGbf]ngsf] cu'jfO{ ug{
lktf s[i0fk|;fb g] t fsf] x} l ;otdf cfkm" n fO{ k'Ug'eof] . /fhtGqsf] cGTokl5 dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfnL /fhgLltsf /xFbf;d]t g]kfnsf] zflGt k|ls|of
sf]O/fnf / dftf pEofpg ;kmn x'g'ePsf] lyof] . klg sf]O/fnf g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] lzv/ k'?if k"j{k|wfgdGqL Pj+ / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf sf]O/fnfn]
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lbJof sf]O/fnfsf] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts s]Gb|df /xb} zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] lgwgn] cg'z/0f ug{'kg]{ eGb} k|r08n]
sfG5f 5f]/fsf] cfpg' e Psf sf] O /fnfn] dxTjk"0f{ kfqsf] ?kdf /xg'ePsf d'ns' nfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt ePsf] ljutdf ePsf] a[ x t zflGt
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lyof] eg] nuftf/ t];|f] k6s;Dd ;+oGq agfO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ;ldltsf] cfsl:ds a}7sn] pxfFsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{' g} pxfFkl| tsf]
hlGdg'ePsf sfFu;]| sf] g]tT[ j ;Dxfln;Sg'ePsf] k|s[ofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|oTg lgwgn] kf6L{ :tAw ePsf] hgfpFb} ;Rrf >4f~hnL x'g] atfpg' eof] .
sf]O/fnf sf+u|];sf 5 . x7L / lg8/ :jefjsf ?kdf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|r08df b]znfO{ zf]sk|:tfj kfl/t u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/
;+:yfks g]tf lrlgg] sf]O/fnf )$^ ;fnkl5sf] s'znk"j{s rnfpg ;Sg] Ifdtf nf]stGq / zflGtsf nflu sf]O/fnfn] cg';f/ OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy ;a}nfO{
/fhgLltnfO{ ljs[t agfpgdf h'g b] v ] / } xf] n f s] x L lbgcl3 k'¥ofpg' ePsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ k|:t't x'g cfu|x ub}{ cWoIf k|r08n]
ljkL sf]O/fnfsf e"ldsf /Xof] To;nfO{ ;sf/fTds c:ktfndf e] 6 \ g hfg' e Psf ub}{ pxfFsf] cw'/f] ;kgf k"/f ug{ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu cfkm"x?
sfG5f efO{ agfpg u0ftGq k|flKtsf nflu dfcf] j fbL cWoIf k| r 08nfO{ dfcf]jfbL k|ltj4 /x]sf] a}7sn] clGtd ;do;Dd k| o Tg ug] {
x'g'x'G5 . pxf“n] v]n]sf] g]t[Tjsf/L e"ldsf sf]O/fnfn] eGg'ePsf] lyof], …ca lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . atfpg'eof] . sf]O/fnfn] zflGt /
lg0ff{os /xg k'Uof] . )^@÷)^# b] z rnfpg] tkfO{ d f 7" n f] a}7skl5 dfcf]jfbL cWoIf ;+ l jwfgsf nflu pRr:t/Lo
sf7df08f}+÷;w}el/ ;' h ftfsf] 3/df dl8vf6f/ sf] hgcfGbf] n gsf g] t f lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] 5, ;Dxfn]/
/fhgLltsf] s]Gb|df 5fO/xg] g]kfnL nluPsf] lyof] . z'qmaf/ /fltb]lv sf]O/fnfsf] ;+;bLo ;ft bnx?nfO{ cufl8 a9\g'xf];\ .Ú k|r08n] cfˆg} lgjf; gofFahf/df /fhgLlts ;+oGqdfkm{t\ lbPsf] gofF
/fhgLltsf Ps zLif{ g] t f l;ls:t aGb} uPsf sf]O/fnfnfO{ !@ a'“b] ;xdltdf Nofpgdf d'Vo b]zn] k"/f ug'{kg]{ P]ltxfl;s kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdfkm{t\ zf]s jStJo ultnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg cfkm"nfO{ pxfFn]
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] zlgaf/ nuftf/ kvfnf rn]sf] lyof] . e"ldsf /x]sf] lyof] . @)^@ ;fndf sfo{ef/sf] ;do glhlsb} cfO/x]sf hf/L ub}{ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ 6'u+ f]df u/]sf] cfu|xsf] :d/0f;d]t k|r08n]
lgwg ePsf] 5 . *& aif]{ sf]O/fnf zlgaf/ laxfg}bl] v cr]t cj:yfdf sf] O /fnfn] hgo' 4 nl8/x] s f] a]nf ePsf] sf]O/fnfsf] lgwgn] k'¥ofO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg ug{'eof] . s]xL lbgcl3 ;lxb
g]kfnL sfFu;
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;' q kft u/] s f pRr:t/Lo !! ldg]6 hfFbf d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ug{ k' U g' e of] . o' 4 sfnd} agfPsf] 5 . pxf“sf] cg'kl:yltdf ug' { k g] { atfpg' e of] . pxfF n ] u/fO/x]sf] cj:yfdf sf]O/fnfn]
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x'g'x'G5 . Zjf;k|Zjf;sf /f]uL :t/df klg cfk\mgf] 5lj pFrf] ;xdlt u/]kl5 sf+u|];leq} ;d]t sfo{ slt ;xhtfdf cufl8 a9\5 ug{ cfˆgf] kf6L{ k|lta4 /x]sf] k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] g]tT[ j
sf] O /fnfnfO{ # lbgcl3 dfq} agfO;s]sf sf]O/fnfsf] lgwgn] sf]O/fnfsf] s8f cfnf]rgf eof] . Tof] t ef]lnsf lbgx?df b]lvPnf eGb} ;a}nfO{ o;df uDeL/ eP/ ;Dxfn]/ cl3 a9\g; ' ,\ lhDd]jf/L
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nflu geO{ cu|udgsf] nflu x'g'kg]{ dxf;lrj pbo hLPd, qmflGtsf/L lgjf;L ue{ j tL dlxnf k' i kf dlxnf k'ikf g]kfnLn] s]xL lbg dflgPsf] P;Pn;L kl/Iff glhlsb} kl/Iffdf bfªaf6 lgoldttkm{ *
wf/0ff Ps sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] kqsf/ ;+3sf k|sfz rf}w/L, k|;] rf}tf/ g]kfnLnfO{ jfOl;Pnn] s'6kL6 cufl8 g} ue{ktg u/fPsf] / ubf{ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ P;Pn;Lsf] xhf/ & ;o ^% hgf / PShfD6]8tkm{
/fv]sf 5g\ . l/on l/kf]6;{ u'k| bfªsf] Lsf ;ljg lk|of;g, k|;] o'lgogsf ;'bLk u/] s f] egL ;~rf/dfWofddf pgnfO{ jfOl;Pnn] s' g } klg /f}gsn] ttfPsf] 5 . oxL r}q !@ @ xhf/ ! ;o $! u/L !) xhf/
rf}yf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] cj;/df 3f]/fxLdf uf}tdnufotn] ;fwf/0f ;ef ;kmNftfsf] cfPsf] ;dfrf/k| l t jfOl;Pn cfqmd0f gu/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . ut]bl] v x'g nflu/x]sf] P;Pn;L ( ;o ljBfyL{n] kl/Iff lbg nfu]sf]
cfof]lht …bnLo ;xdlt lgdf{0fdf ;+rf/ z'esfdgf JoQm u/]sf lyP . uLtf bfªn] uDeL/ cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . ;+ u 7gsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf kl/Iffsf] nflu o; jif{ bfªdf #) lhNnf lzIff sfof{no bfªn] hgfPsf]
sdL{ n ] v] N g' k g] { e' l dsfÚ ljifos kf]vn |] sf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf] jfOl;Pn bfªsf cWoIf lxl8/x]sf] a]nf t?0f bnsf] Ps j6f kl/Iff s]Gb|x? tf]lsPsf] 5 . 5 . P;Pn;L kl/IffnfO{ ;f}xfb{k0" f{
cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj kf08jk|;fb l6sf/fd cf]nL / ;lrj ltns ;d" x n] 9' Ë fn] cfqmd0f u/L ut jif{ @^ j6f kl/Iff s]Gb|x? /x]sf jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ lzIff
o:tf] atfPsf x'g\ . zdf{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lyP . P;Pn;L kl/IffnfO{ ufpF– sfof{non] lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf]
k'gn] zlgaf/ Ps lj1KtL hf/L jfOl;Pn sfo{ s tf{ k| ; f/fd ufpF d f lj:tf/ ug{ s f] nflu ;+of]hsTjdf Ps ;ldlt u7g u/]sf]
u'|ksf cWoIf t'n;L/fd ;'j]bLsf] o;}aLr l/on l/kf]6;{ u'k| sf] zlgaf/ u/L jfOl;Pnsf] tkm{af6 af3df/]df n+sfsf] 6fpsf]df uDeL/ rf]6
cWoIftf Pj+ gful/s ;dfh bfªsf 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg bf];|f] clwj]zgn] ljBfyL{nfO{ kfos kg]{ lx;fan] #) 5 eg] ;'/Iffsf] nflu k|To]s kl/Iff
;+of]hs l6sf/fd /]UdLsf] k|dv ' cfltYodf lgd';u+ d 3tL{sf] cWoIftfdf !! ;b:oLo s' g } klg cfqmd0f / s' 6 kL6 nfu]sf] clenfifn] atfPsf 5g\ . 7fpFdf kl/Iff s]Gb| lj:tf/ ul/Psf] s]Gb|df !)÷!) hgf k|x/L v6fpg]
;DkGg cGt/lqmof sfo{ q mdsf gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 . gul/Psf] hgfpg' e Psf] 5 . cfkm}n] cfqmd0f u/L pN6f] k|x/L kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{no bfªn] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] 5 .
jQmfx?n] kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ ljeflht ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?df pkfWoIf /Ltf jQmJodf jfOl;Pnsf] nf]slk|otf af]nfpg], d'4f nufpg] / ue{jtL
gu/L ;dfof]hg ul/ n}hfg'kg]{ atfPsf nfdf, ;lrj hLjg g]kfnL, ;x–;lrj b] v ] / cQflnPsf] t?0f bnn] s' 6 lk6 u/] s f] cf/f] k nufpF b } v'zLsf] va/
lyP . sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 lutf kf]v|]n / sf]iffWoIf k'gd l8;L / cfk\mgf] ;+u7gsf] abgfd u/fpg jfOl;Pnsf] abgfd ug]{ t?0f ef/tLo P=;L=;L= l;d] G 6
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u| f dL0f k' g Mlg{ d f{ 0 f ;+ : yf atfOg\ . …lb;flk;fasf nflu ;Dks{ df]= (*%%)%^)^!, )*@–^@)!*!, (*%&*@!@%!
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pkef]Qmfx?n] g} u/]sf] pkef]Qmf v'df ljsn] elgg\– …af6f]df lb;f
;ldltsf cWoIf k"0f{axfb'/ yfkfn] cf/cf/Pg, vfg] k fgL tyf :yfgLoaf;Lsf] k|ltlqmof /x]sf] 5 . u/]sf] eGb} laxfg p7]/ ufpFnx] ?sf]
hfgsf/L lbP . ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{ n o …rkL{ gx' F b f lb;flk;fasf gfgfefFtL ufnL ;'Gg'kb{Yof] .Ú t/
yfkfn] lbPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ /f]Nkfsf] kxndf ut k'; dlxgfdf nflu /ftL h+undf hfg'kb{Yof]Ú clxn] af6f]], rf]s / uNnL ;kmf
zf}rfno lgdf{0fsf nflu :yfgLo ufpFnfO{ v'nf lbzf d'Qm If]q :yfgLo j[4f lv/df yfkfn] elgg\– ug{sf nflu ufpFn]x? Psh'6
afl;Gbfx?n] & nfv %% xhf/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . v'nf lbzf …hdfgfn] ubf{ 3/glhs} rkL{df ePsf] ljsn] hfgsf/L lbOg\ .
a/fa/ nfutsf] hg>dbfg u/]sf d'Qm If]q 3f]if0ffkl5 yfkf8]/f hfg kfOg] eof] .Ú klxn] t zf} r fno lgdf{ 0 f ug' { c l3
lyP . cf/cf/Pgn] # nfv % xhf/ ufpFdf ;/;kmfO{ dfq ePsf] 5}g . lb;flk;fasf nflu h+ u ndf ;+:yfn] zf}Rffno k|of]usf af/]df
a/fa/sf] ;fdu| L x? pknAw lb;flk;fasf nflu h+ u n hfg'kb{Yof], af3 efn'n] vfg] x'g\ ;d'bfodf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd
u/fPsf] lyof] . hfFbf h+unL hgfj/n] emlD6g] xf] ls eGg] 8/ x'GYof]Ú pgn] elgg\– u/]sf] cf/cf/Pg /f]Nkfsf k|ltlglw
ufpFdf zf}rfno lgdf{0fkl5 ls eGg] qf;;d] t x6] s f] …ca t lgs} ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .Ú b|f]kbL e08f/Ln] atfOg\ .
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/fhg}lts ;xdltsf] laGb' 6f9f x'bF } hfFbf lgdf{0f x'bF f zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ cfk\mgf] 5 . To;}n] ;]gfdf /x]sf] k|ltufdL tTjsf]
d'ns ' k'gM uDeL/ d'7e]8sf] lbzftkm{ s]Gb|Lt klxnf] sfo{;"lrdf /fVg] dfwj g]kfn jr{Zj ;dfKt geO{ b]cf];\ eGg] dg;fo
x'bF } uPsf] 5 . vf;u/L d'ns ' c/fhstfsf] hgtfsf nf;x?sf] lni6 lgdf{0f u/]/ dfq ePsfx? g} clxn] ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] lj/f]w
;DkfbsLo uDeL/ lzsf/ aGb} uPsf] 36gfqmdx?n]
;fljt ub}{ uPsf 5g\ . e|i6frf/, t:s/L,
;/sf/sf] st{Jo k"/f ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;}n]
t g]kfnL hgtf cfk\mg} d'ns ' df ;/sf/sf]
ul//x]sf 5g\ . To:t} ljleGg ljifox?dfkm{t\
clxn] hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ ljjfbdf tflgb}5 .

;/sf/ l6sfO/fVg'sf] cf}lrTo s] < xTof, lx+;fn] lbgk|ltlbg k|>o kfO/x]sf]

5 . hgtfn] s8f kl/>dåf/f :yflkt
u0ftGqsf] klg cgy{ nfUg yfln;s]sf] 5 .
lsgls u0ftGqn] klg clxn] hgtfdf k"/fg}
vf]hL ub}{ gf/f nufO/x]sf 5g\ .
jt{dfg ;/sf/L u7aGwgnfO{ ;a}eGbf
laemfO/x]sf d"ntM clxn] b'O{ j6f rLh
5g\ . Pp6f, ;+ljwfg ;ef . dfcf]jfbL
u[xdGqL eLd /fjnnufotsf s]xL JolQm
nfOg nufP/ dfq hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ tna
pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] atfO/x]sf 5g\ .
x'bF f–x'bF f ef/tLo lgb]z
{ gdf cgldgnfO{ ;d]t
d'ns
' n] h]7 !$ ut]nfO{ kv]/{ al;/x]sf] 5 . o'ufGtsf/L kl/jt{gsf] lj/f;tsf] huhuL k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . jr{Zj ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg ;ef sf+u|]; nv]6g\ ] k|of; ;/sf/n] z'? ul/;s]sf] 5 .
kl/0ffd gofF ;+lj+ wfgdfkm{t\ vf]Hb} gful/sx? ;'vb eljionfO{ lgofln/x]sf o;sf] cy{ u0ftGq cfkm}df bf]ifk"0f{ /x]sf] Pdfn]x?nfO{ ;Xo x'g] s'/f g} 5}g . lsgls cgldg;Fu n8fs'sf] ;+Vof dfu ug'{ ToxL
5g\ . t/, l:ylt hgtfn] rfx]cg';f/ cufl8 a9\g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\ . eg] kSs} xf]Og . ?kfGt/0f x'g} grfxg] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef ljZj /+ud~rd} if8\oGqsf] Pp6f kf6f] xf] . h'g cgldgn]
zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ 6'Ëf]df k'¥ofpg' kg]{ of] ;/sf/ g} To;sf] afws ;Lldt oyfl:yltjfbL zlQmx?n] ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ pTs[i6 ;ef xf] . cyf{t\ of] hgdtsf] j}wflgs ?kdf /fVg kfpg] uf]klgotfsf]
ag]/ plePsf] 5 . /fHo;+oGq b'ul{ Gwt ePsf] dfq xf] . To;df ;dfj]zL s]Gb|Ls/0f xf] . hgtfsf] k|ToIf xsdfly ;/sf/åf/f lbOPsf] v'Nnf r'gf}lt
klg /fHo;Qfsf] k|dv ' cË ;/sf/ hgtfk|lt ;xefuLtf ePs} sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 klg xf] . clxn] h;/L ;/sf/n] cgldg;Fu
clxn] hgtf czflGt / c;'/Iffsf] qf;bLleq afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . pQ/bfoL geO{ lbgfn] c/fhstfn] ;Ldf pTs[i6 ;+ljwfg aGg ;Sg] ;Defjgf k|z:t n8fs'sf] ;+Vof dfu ul//x]sf] 5, ef]ln
dxËL / cefjn] ;Ldf gfl3;s]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ eg] s';L{df a;]/ gf£b} uPsf] xf] . ;/sf/sf dGqLx? Psftkm{ 5g\ . /, ToxL /fd|f] / gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg] dfcf]jfbLn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;+Vof dfu ubf{
gful/ssf nf;x? ulg/x]sf] 5 . alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hdf ;]gfn] ufOhfq] :j?k wf/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] s' / fnfO{ cGo bnx? dfcf] j fbLdo cgldgn] tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs ug{ ldN5 ls
anfTsf/kl5 uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] !@ aif]{ blnt aflnsf rGb|snf csf]{tkm{ k|ltqmflGtnfO{ ;zQm agfpg ;+ljwfgsf] ;+1f lbG5g\ . dfwj g]kfn ldNb}g < hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ nfOg nufP/
nfluk/] s f 5g\ . Oltxf;sf sn' l ift k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 ;+jw} flgs ;ldltsf] dfq tna ljt/0f ug'k{ g]{ atfpg] zflGtdGqL
ljsnfO{ rf]/L lzsf/Lsf] cleof]u nufP/ xTof/fnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ /IffdGqLsf kfqx?åf/f lgld{ t jt{ d fg ;/sf/ ;efklt kbdf @)$& ;fns} ;+ljwfgsf g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ nfOg nufP/ tna lbg
cleJoltmaf6} k|i6 x'G5 of] ;/sf/sf] ;'/Iff ;+jb] gzLntf . /fHosf]ifsf] nf]stGqsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx?nfO{ s'Nrb} d:of}bfsf/nfO{ cfl;g u/fOPsf] 5 . h;n] tof/ x'G5g\ ls x'bF g} g\ < nfU5 ;/sf/n]
b'?kof]u u/]/ b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ g} w/f;foL agfpFb} nu]sf] of] cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . hgtfsf cfzf / e/f];f k|ltufdLx? k'/fg} ;+ljwfgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf o;tkm{ Wofg lbPsf] 5}g . zflGt ;Demf}tfn]
;/sf/sf] clgoldttfn] gofF /]s8{ sfod u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;d} sn+lst e|i6frf/sf] b'uG{ wdf ufoa eO/x]sf 5g\ . lbg] if8\oGqdf lqmofzLn /x]sf] ;+st] lbG5 . b'j} ;]gfnfO{ a/fa/Lsf] x}l;ot k|bfg u/]sf]
hgtfaf6 k'gM cg'df]lbt eP/ dGqL x'g csf{tkm{ ;+ljwfg hf/L ug'k{ g]{ ldlt glhlsb} 5 . t/, jt{dfg ;/sf/ Pp6fnfO{ sfv /
alg;s]sf] of] ;/sf/n] b]znfO{ nyflnË kfb}{ ;+s6sf] cj:yfdf ;lsg] cfzf k" 0 f{ ? kdf u' d fO;s] s f, ubf{ dfwj g]kfnlgs6sf /3'hL kGth:tf csf]n { fO{ kfvfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cufl8 al9/x]sf]
Psflt/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] csf]l{ t/ ;xdltsf] afws alg zflGt / Psk|sf/n] /fhgLlts ?kdf d[Tof]Gd'vL JolQmx? csf]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg 5, h'g zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] dd{ljkl/t 5 .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf o;n] cj/f]w k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf eO;s]sf dflg;x? olta]nf /fi6«sf] 9's6' L u/fpg'kg]{ cleJolQm ;fj{hlgs ul//x]sf o:tf cg]sf}+ lqmofsnfkn] ;/sf/sf]
s]lGb|t x'gk' g]{ a]nfdf of] u7aGwg ;/sf/ lgo'lQmsf] efuaG8f tfgftfgsf] l/Tofpg k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . zflGtsf] 5g\ . h'g :jod\ ;du| zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ g}ltstfdfly k|Zg p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . Pdfn]
sNkgf ul//x]sf hgtfdf ;/sf/n] cft+ssf] ljyf]ln k|ltudg nfb\g] dg;fodf s]Gb|Lt sf+u|];nufotsf bnåf/f ul7t jt{dfg
v]ndf nflu/x]sf]] 5 . ev{/} /fi6« a}s + sf] ueg{/ lgo'lQm ul/Psf] ePklg s'?k qf; k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . ljz]if ;'/Iff /x]sf] 5 . k|ltufdL zlQmx?sf] cfFvfdf csf]{ u7aGwgn] ;/sf/ rnfPsf] geP/ ufO{hfqf
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] cWoIf kbsf] lgo'lQm cem} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . of]hgfdfkm{t\ zflGt, cdgrog lbnfpg] ljifoj:t' xf] hgd'lQm ;]gf . /fhfn] nft b]vfO/x]sf] cfef; hgtfn] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
blIf0fkGyL bnx?sf] u7aGwg ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j cltjfbL ;d"xn] ug{ k|lta4tf ug]{ eLd /fjnx? afn'jf6f/df nufpFbf hgd'lQm ;]gfs} andf ;f; km]g{ o:tf] lagfl6s6sf] ufO{hfqfn] hgtf cfxt
k'us ] f] 5 . p zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] agfpg]eGbf oyfl:YfltnfO{ sfod /fVg] a}7s a;]/ cfZjf;g g} cfZjf;gsf kfPsf Pdfn] sf+u|];leqsf s]xL JolQm eO;s]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] lbgk|ltlbg
km]xl/:t hgtfdf afFl8/x]sf 5g\ . ;du|df cfk\ m gf k| l ta4tfx?nfO{ la;] { / ;] g f hgtfdf xTof, cft+s, e|i6frf/sf] ef/L
sf]lz;df ;Qfsf cª\ux?nfO{ k|of]u ul//x]sf] 5 . k|ltufdL lsQfdf zflGt ;'Joj:yfsf] cj:yf lbgfg'lbg ;dfof]hg x'g} g;Sg] ts{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ydfO/x]sf] 5 . of] ef/LnfO{ cem}+ s]xL lbg
?kfGtl/t eO;s]sf] of] ;/sf/n] clxn] ;fdGtL bnfn ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj eofjx aGb} uO/x]sf] 5 . dfG5] dfl/g], ;]gf ;dfof]hg ePdf zflGt k|lqmofn] ult af]Sg' k/] To;n] d'ns ' nfO{ k|ltqmflGtsf] eofjx
ug{ k'us ] f] 5 . cfkmgf] hg3ftL rl/qnfO{ pbfËf] kfb}{ of] ;/sf/ ckxl/t x'g] qmd a9\bf] 5 t/ ck/fwLnfO{ lng] / cfk\mgf] n'6sf] :ju{ eTsb} hfg] vf8ndf ws]Ng] lglZrt 5 . t;y{ of]
k|ltudgsf] ldq aGg k'us ] f] 5 . slxn] ;xdlt grfx]sf] of] ;/sf/n] sfaf{xL ug{ ;/sf/ v'§f skfO/x]sf] 5 . 8/af6 pgLx? ql;t eO/x]sf 5g\ . u0ftGq ef/LnfO{ hlt;Sbf] rfF 8 f] lj;fP/
sf7df08f}s + f] Jo:t, ;+jb] gzLn / d'Vo rf]s k|fKtLs} lglDt xhf/f}s
+ f] alnbfg ug{ hgd'lQm hgfb]zcg';f/sf] ;/sf/ lgdf{0f ug{
ljutdf ePsf ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx?sf] klg pNnª\3g ul//x]sf] 5 . / ;8sdf dflg;x? dfl/bf k|x/L k|zf;g ;]gf ;dfof]hg eP/ /fli6«o ;]gf u7g tTsflng ul0ftLo v]nsf] hudf geP/ /fli6«o
;]gf ;dfof]hg ljkl/tsf p;sf cleJoltmx? To;}sf sf/0fx? x'g\ . 6'n6' n ' ' x]// a:b5 . To;sf] s]xL lbg laTg ePdf To;n] u0ftGqnfO{ klg ;xL lbzfdf ;xdltsf dfWofdaf6 aGg'kb{5 .
ef/tsf] u'nfd ag]/ /fi6«3ftL sbd rfn]sf] of] s7k'tnL ;/sf/ ToxL gkfpFb} csf]{ :yfgdf k'gM d[To' . ;/sf/ n}hfg] alnof] cfwf/ lgdf{0f x'g] lglZrt [email protected]
/fi6«3ftdf 6]s/] gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfnfO{ vf]:f]/ ;}Go cltjfbsf] cEof; ub}{
zflGt k|so[ fnfO{ ljyf]Nb} nu]sf] 5 . s'g} lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ g;s]sf] of]
dfs'g] ;/sf/ g}ltsxLgtfsf] k/fsfi7f gf£g k'us ] f] 5 . o:tf] gfnfos
;/sf/af6 hgtfn] zflGt ;'/Iff / cdgrogsf] cfzf /fVg' Joy{ 5 .
bnx¿ åGåsf] lbzfdf
olta]nf g]kfnL hgtf zflGt rfxG5g\,
lbn ;fxgL sf ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] b]lvG5 . slxn] ;]gf
hgtfsf] b}lgs hLjgnfO{ si6s/ agfO{ cfxt k'¥ofO/x]sf] of] ;/sf/nfO{ ;+ljwfg rfxG5g\ . dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgf hgtfsf] ;dfof]hgsf] s'/f] v8\u cf]nLn] 7]sb] f/sf ¿kdf
l6sfO{/fVg'sf] cf}lrTo s] 5 < b]zsf] ;DklQdf /hfO{ u/]/ cu|udgdf eGbf km/s 5}g, km/s x'g] s'/f klg ePg . oBlk, slt cj:yfdf pgLx¿sf] egfO k/:k/df af]ns ] f] b]lvG5 . slxn] ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] 7]sb] f/
dfcf]jfbL klg zflGt rfxG5 . ;+ljwfg rfxG5 . aflemPsf] h:tf] klg b]lvG5 . oyfy{df ;]gf /fdrGb| kf}8n ] ag]sf] b]lvG5 eg] slxn] v'daxfb'/
afwf xfln/x]sf] of] s7k'tnL ;/sf/nfO{ /flv/fVg'kg]{ sf/0f s] 5 < t/, sfª\u|]; / Pdfn] d'n'sdf zflGt xf]Og, ;dfof]hg bnx¿sf] ;dembf/L / !@ a'Fb] v8\sf clxn] ;]gf ;dfof]hgdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf
o;sf] hjfkm hgtfn] vf]Hg'kg]{ ;dodf l9nfO{ eO;s]sf] 5 . b]znfO{ czflGt rfxG5g\, o'4 rfxG5g\ . pgLx¿ ;+ljwfg ;xdltnufot a[xt\ zflGt;Demf}tfsf] l:kl/6cg';f/ hg]n { x¿ klg af]ns ] f] b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{
lbzfxLg af6f]df cNemfO/fVg dfwj g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltj4 eP/ nflu/x]sf] xf]Og, ;Qf rfxG5g\ / s';L{ rfxG5g\ . o;}n] x'gk' g]{ xf] . t/, k6sk6s sfª\u;]| / Pdfn]sf /fhgLlts ;]gf eg]/ cfk"mn] g} /fhgLlt ug{
5 . o;nfO{ ;/sf/df w]/} ;do l6sfO/fVg' hgtfsf nflu 3ftsdfq pgLx¿ olta]nf dfcf]jfbLlj?4 vlgPsf 5g\ . u}/lhDd]jf/ g]tfx¿ dfkb08 k'us ] f …n8fs'ÚnfO{ vf]hs ] f] h:tf] b]lvG5 . lxhf] s6jfnn] ;]gfn] /
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kfvf nufpg] v]n v]ln/x]sf 5g\ . dfq ;d"xut ¿kdf xf]Og, JolQmut ¿kdf lng fhgLlt ub}g{ eg] . t/ pgn] ;]gfdf /fhgLlt ul/
xf]Og cle;fk aGg hfG5 . pgLx¿ oyfy{df zflGt rfxGy] eg] dfcf]jfbLl;t ;lsG5 eG5g\ . Tof] eg]sf] s] xf] < Tof] eg]sf] /x] . olb ;]gfdf /fhgLlt ug'{ eg]sf] s'g} zlQmk|lt
b]zsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{ef/nfO{ k"/f ug]{ ;do glhs cfO;s]sf] 5 . s;/L x'G5 Pstf sfod ug]{ sf]lzz ub{y] . pgLx¿n] cgldgn] ;]gfsf] ¿kdf k|dfl0ft ul/ akmfbf/ x'g' xf] eg] h;/L lxhf] hgd'lQm ;]gf
t/ /fhgLlts bnx? aLr s'g} ;xdlt x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . k|ltufdL ;xdltsf] ;"q kQf nufpFy] . ldngsf ljGb'x¿ ;s]sf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ ;]gfsf ¿kdf dfGg dfcf]jfbLk|lt akmfbf/ lyof], To;/L g} g]kfnL ;]gf
df]rf{ s;]sf ;+;bjfbLx? dfcf]jfbLnfO{ lsgf/f gnufO{ cfkmgf] ;Qf vf]Hby] . pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf lyof] dfcf]jfbLl;t c:jLsf/ u/]sf] s'/f] xf] . pgLx¿n] eg]sf] ;]gf /fhfk|lt akmfbf/ lyof] . o; cy{df hgd'lQm ;]gfn]
gldnL ;+ljwfg aGb}g, dfcf]jfbLl;t ;xdltdf ;dfof]hg g]kfnL ;]gfn] etL{ vf]Nbf etL{ ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL ;]gf
hf]luGg eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . pgLx? pTkLl8t ju{ / If]qsf ;d'bfox?nfO{ gk'uL zflGt :yfkgf x'Fb}g, a[xt\ zflGt;Demf}tf nfOgdf v8f x'g] / lxhf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] -zfxL ;]gf_n] /fhfsf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf] lyof] .
clwsf/ lbnfpg] kIfdf klg 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfg, /fHo k"gM;+/rgf / gofF tfls{s lgisif{df k'Ug ;Sb}g . dfkb08cg';f/ lkm6 eP egf{ x'g] xf] . To;sf lxhf]sf] lbgdf /fhf / bnaLr åGå x'bF f zfxL
g]kfnsf] vfsf;lxtsf] /fhgLlts Ph]08f dfcf]jfbLsf] ePsfn] o;nfO{ sfª\u;]| –Pdfn] lsg dfcf]jfbLdfly cfqmfds nflu t lsg zflGt ;Demf}tfdf ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ;]gfn] /fhfnfO{ ;fy lbPsf] lyof] . zfxL ;]gf -
k"/f x'g glbg]df ef/tb]lv g]kfnsf ;a} blIf0fkGyL zlQmx? nflu/x]sf alg/x]sf 5g\ . lsgls pgLx¿n] zflGt k|lqmof s'/f ug'k{ ¥of] / etL{ v'Nbf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] klg g]kfnL ;]gf_n] )^@–)^# ;fnsf] lg0ff{os 38Ldf
tfls{s lgisif{df gk'u]sf] bf]if cfk"mn] lng nfOg nfpg] / 5flgg] clwsf/ /fVg] g} eP . dfq bnx¿nfO{ ;fy lbPsf] xf] . hgtfnfO{ ;fy
5g\ . of] ;/sf/ ToxL k"/f x'g glbg] Ph]08fdf /x]/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . rfxFbg} g\ . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg gag]sf] t/, dfcf]jfbL ;]gf t o'4 n8]/ cfPsf ;]gf lbPsf] xf] . of] s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . s;}sf] gh/af6
To;}sf/0f dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xdlt sfod gu/]/} hfg] kIfdf of] ;/sf/ /x]sf] bf]if cfk"mn] lng rfxFbg} g\ . ;]gf ;dfof]hg x'g\ . o'4sf] d}bfgdf x'g] of]Uotf g pgLx¿n] cf]em]n k/]sf] 5}g .
5 . t/, k|dv ' bn dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSnfP/ p;sf] ;xdlt j]u/ hg;+ljwfg gePsf] bf]if cfk\mgf] yfKnf]df /fVg rfxGgg\ . ;fljt ul/;s]sf 5g\ . b'lgofFdf st} klg ;]gf ;]gf /fhgLltsf] …/Ú klg pRrf/0f gug]{ hdft
aGg] s'/f klg c;Dej g} 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf hgtfn] lbPsf] DofG8]6cg';f/ s'/f s] eg] abdf;L / a]OdfgL sfª\u;]| / Pdfn] ;dfof]hg eg]sf] l/q'm6 x'gfnfO{ etL{ x'g hfg' xf]Og . ;]gf /fhgLlts ¿kn] ;r]t / ;hu
ub{5g\ . bf]ifhlt dfcf]jfbLdfly nufpg rfxG5g\ . xf]Og . etL{ x'g nfOg nufpg' xf]Og . ;]gf x'gk} b{5 . /fhgLlts ¿kn] ;r]t / ;hu ;]gfn]
;xdltsf] /fli6«o ;/sf/ agfP/ hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g . /fli6«o sfo{ef/nfO{ cfk"mx¿ kfgLdflysf] cf]efgf] x'g rfxG5g\ . 7Ls ;dfof]hg eg]sf] ;]gf eO;s]sfx¿sf] ;dfof]hg dfq cfk\mgf] sfd / st{JonfO{ cem a9L lhDd]jf/
k"/f ug]{ xf] eg] klxnf dfwj g]kfnsf] ;/sf/nfO{ ckb:y ug'{ clgjfo{ xf], dfcf]jfbLn] sfª\u;]| / Pdfn]h:tf 7"nf bnl;t xf] . 5ftL tf}n gkfO{ ev{/ etL{ ePsf] l/S?6 / L 9ª\un] k"/f ug{ ;Sb5 . dfq s'/f s] xf] eg]
5 . of] ;/sf/ /x];Dd ult/f]wsf] cGTo klg x'g ;Sb}g . ;a} kIfaf6 Pstf sfod ug'k{ b{5 . t/, sfª\u;]| / Pdfn] klxn]b]lv g} ;]gfdf /x]sf l;kfxLx¿aLrsf] ;]gf hlxn] klg ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /xg'kb{5 .
x]bf{ klg of] ;/sf/ cf}lrToxLg / hgtfsf nflu ljiffn' alg;s]sfn] b'j} ;/sf/df ePsf] x'bF f dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pgLx¿n] ;dfof]hg xf]Og . To:tf] ;dfof]hg x'GYof] eg] ha ;]gf ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /xg ;Sb}g, ToxfF
lsg klg ;xdltdf Nofpg cfjZos x'G5 eg] lsg ;]gf ;dfof]hg g} eGg'kb{Yof] . ;}lgs tfgfzfxL hlGdG5 . oxL s'/fsf] lzsf/
klxnf o;sf] alxu{dg clgjfo{ 5 . a? l9n} xf];\ /fd}| xf];\ eGg] rfxgfn] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg gag] To;sf] bf]if ;/ ;]gf ;dfof]hg zflGtk|lqmofsf] d"n s8L xf] . kfls:tfg ePsf] 5 . oxL s'/fsf] lzsf/ aª\unfb]z
hgtfn] lbPsf] sfdnfO{ OdfGbf/Lsf ;fy ug]{ xf] eg] ;dod} ;+ljwfg sf/n] lng'kb{5 . tf]lsPsf] a]nfdf ;+ljwfg agfpg] t/, sfª\u;]| / Pdfn]sf g]tfx¿ ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ePsf] 5 . o;}n] /fhgLltn] ;]gf kl/rfng ug]{
hf/L x'g ;Dej 5 . t/ To;sf] nflu ltj| sfo{ / OR5fzlQmsf] vfFrf] 5 . lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/s} x'G5 . p;n] ljkIfnfO{ xftdf ljifonfO{ dhfssf ¿kdf lnO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] xf] aGb'sn] /fhgLlt kl/rfng ug]{ xf]Og . j[xt\
k|dv' u7aGwg bnsf g]tfx?n] ;d]t of] ;/sf/n] b]zsf] cleef/f af]Sg] lnP/ hgfb]znfO{ k"/f ug'k{ b{5 . t/, ;fob jt{dfg pkxf; ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu ;dfof]hgnfO{ zflGt;Demf}tfsf] l:kl/6 xf], hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
;/sf/ hgfb]zcg';f/ geO{ k|es ' f] s[kfn] lgdf{0f nTofP/ d'ns ' df åGå dRrfpg rfxG5g\ . u[xo'4 Joj;foLs/0f / zfxL ;]gf -g]kfnL ;]gf_sf]
x}l;ot / cf}lrTotf u'dfO;s]sf] atfO/xbf klg dfwj g]kfn s';L{ 5f8\g ePsf] x'bF f of] hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL 5}g\ . dRrfpg rfxG5g\ . g]kfnnfO{ l;lSsd agfpg nf]stGqLs/0f . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stGqLs/0f
rflx/x]sf 5}gg\ . ljb]zLsf] cf8df pgLn] cfkm"nfO{ alnof] ;fljt u/fpg tf]lsPsf] a]nfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{nfO{ rfxG5g\, ckmuflg:tfg agfpg rfxG5g\ / O/fs eg]sf] pgLx¿df nf]stflGqs /fhgLltsf] d"No /
vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . t/, kl/jt{gsf] r]tgf / ;dfhsf] ultnfO{ kS8g jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ;"q kQf agfpg rfxG5g\ . zflGt;Demf}tfdf s'/f] k|i6 5 . dfGotfn] k|lzlIft ug'{ eg]sf] xf] .
grfxg]x? hlt;'s} zltmzfnL ePklg Pslbg hgtfsf cufl8 em'Sg}k5{ nufpg h?/L 5 . dfcf]jfbLsf ;]gfnfO{ bf];f| ] ;]gf ;dfof]hg dfcf]jfbL / bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf sxfF / slt ;ª\Vofdf
bhf{sf] gful/s agfP/ ;]gf ;dfof]hg x'bF g} . x'g] s'/f] xf] . o;df Pp6f kIf bnx¿ xf] eg] ;dfof]hg ug]{ eGg] s'/f dfcf]jfbL / bnx¿aLr
/ ;dfKt eP/ hfg}k5{ of] lj1fg ;To s'/f xf] . o;y{ olta]nf hgtfsf] ;/sf/sf] nIo g} dfcf]jfbL ;]gfnfO{ 3/sf] g csf]{ kIf dfcf]jfbL xf] . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ kfvf nufP/ ;xdlt sfod u/]/ g} xn ug]{ s'/f xf] . dfcf]jfbL
va/bf/L / cfGbf]ng r]tgfsf] cfjZosQmf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . of] lagf 3f6sf] agfpg] /x]sf] 5 eGg] b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;]gf ;dfof]hg x'bF g} . t/, olta]nf dfcf]jfbLl;t ;]gfsf] 5ftL gfk]/ g]kfnL ;]gfdf JolQmut ¿kdf
;Qfdf 6fFl;Psf] s7k'tnL ;/sf/n] ;xdltsf] af6f] 5f]8g\ ] l:ylt klg ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ;jfndf ef/t, ;]gfklt tyf / s'g} 5nkmn gu/L jf s'g} ;xdltdf gk'uL JolQmut lng ;lsG5 eGg' t s'g} ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfsf]
b]lvb}g . IffdGqLsf] :j/ ldNb5 . h;/L ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] ¿kdf sfª\u;]| / Pdfn] hË]h:t} af]Nb5g\ . slxn] s'/f xf]Og . a? ePs} ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfnfO{
;DaGwdf sfª\u;]| / Pdfn]sf] :j/ klg ldNb5 . ljBf e08f/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] 7]sb] f/ efF8\g] tl/sf xf] .
 jif{ !@, c+s !*, @)^^ r}q * ut] cfOtaf/ ljrf/÷/fhgLlt #

/fHo;Qfsf] ;f/tTj / zf;g

dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ƒfli6«otf, ‚jfwLgtfsf] s'ƒf ubf{ ljv08gjfbL cGwƒfi6«jfbL eGg]x¿nfO{ Pp6} k|Zg 5, hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsfƒ
k|hftflGqs clwsfƒ xf] ls xf]Og < o;nfO{ s'g clwsfƒsf ¿kdf dfGg] cyjf dfGg] jf gdfGg] < olb gdfGg] xf] eg] pgLx¿n]
JofVof ub}{ cfPsf] nf]stGq g} ;dfKt eof] . pgLx¿ nf]stGq g} dfGg] xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf] klg ToxL xf] . hftLo
df]xg j}B …ls/0fÚ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsfƒ nf]stflGqs clwsfƒ xf] . olb lk5l8Psf hfthflt ƒ ;d'bfonfO{ nf]stGq lbg] s'ƒf dfq} xfdLn] uƒ]sf 5f}+
eg] xfdL s;ƒL cGwƒfi6«jfbL jf lav08gjfbL x'g ;S5f}+ <
k~rfotLsfndf ƒfHo;Qfsf] gf]sƒzfxs} xftdf 5 . lsgeg] lav08gjfbsf] ljƒf] w fef; ;lsF b } g . To;sfƒ0f ƒfli6« o hjfkm lbG5 . o;y{, dfcf]jfbLn] PsfTds Joj‚yfsf] ;"qdf afFWg]
¿kdf ƒfhtGq lyof] . k~rfot ;]gf, h]n, cbfnt, k'ln; kmf}h, cfƒf]kafƒ] rrf{ uƒf}+ . dfcf]jfbLn] ‚jfwLgtfsf] ƒIffsf nflu hftLo hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsfƒnfO{ xf] O g . a? ljv08gjfb t
9n]kl5 ;+j}wflgs ƒfhtGq cfof], sd{ r fƒLx¿ pgLx¿s} xftdf ƒfli6« o tf ƒ ‚jfwLgtfsf] ƒfli6« o d' l Qmsf] s' ƒ f p7fpg' dfG5 . To;sfƒ0f dfcf]jfbL g ax'njfb ƒ pQƒcfw'lgstfjfb
To;kl5 nf]stGq cfof], clxn] 5g\ . pgLx¿s} lgb] { z gdf ;jfnnfO{ b[9tfk"js { p7fPsf] 5 . cGwƒfi6«jfb xf]Og, ;Rrf ƒfi6«jfb t lav08gjfbL xf] g t xf] . lav08gjfbL bz{ g t
klg cj‚yf pxL 5 . dflg;x¿n] rNb5g\ . xfdLn] ƒfli6« o tfsf] ;jfnnfO{ xf] . bf];|f], dfcf]jfbLdfly nufOg] cGwƒfi6«jfbL . 8] l ƒ8fx¿sf] xf] . To;} n ]
vfnL zf;g;Qfdf k|hftGq cfof] of] ;a} x]bf{ ;j{xfƒfju{sf] Oltxf;sf] ;Gbe{ d f k" F h LjfbL uƒ]sf] lav08gsf] cfƒf]k, Tof] ca s]xL dflg;x¿n] g]kfn lav08gjfbL t pgLx¿ x'g . xfdL
eG5g\ . zf;g;Qf t zf;gsf] clwgfosTj jf hgtfsf] hgjfbL qmflGtsf] Oltxf;sf] ;Gbe{df ƒ ;ƒf;ƒ unt 5 . hftLo ax'hftLo, ax'wfld{s ƒ ax'ƒfli6«o t åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL cå}tjfbL
Pp6f ¿k dfq} xf] . To;} n ] clwgfosTj clgjfo{ cfjZos sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ;du|tfsf] cfTdlg0f{ o sf] s' ƒ f p7fpF b f Pjd† ax';fF‚s[lts ePsf] d'n's bz{ g sf cfwfƒdf ljljwtfdf
ƒfHo;Qf ƒ zf;g;Qfsf ¿kdf 5 . ca rqmjfbsf] k|;ª†u 5, ;Gbe{df x]ƒ]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] cWoog j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQm ƒ xf] , h;n] ax' eGg] l alQs} Pstf Nofpg] xf] . gofF g]kfn
kmƒs uƒ] ƒ x] g ' { k 5{ . ;fdGt, cfbz{jfb, ax'njfb ƒ åGåfTds klxnf] s' ƒ f, P] l txfl;s ;fdGtjfbLx¿ lav08gjfbL x'g† . ax'njfbnfO{ dflgG5 eGg] uƒ]sf lgdf{0f ug]{ lznlznfdf xfdL
gf]sƒzfx ƒ bnfn k"FhLklt ju{ ef}ltsjfbL cå}tjfbsf aLrdf klg ef}ltsjfbdf cufl8 5 . bf];|f] pgLx¿n] To;af6 kmfObf p7fpg] 5g†, Tof] klg laNs'n} unt xf] . cfbz{jfbL cå}tjfb ƒ ax'njfbsf
kfF r k| l tzt x' G 5g† ƒ hgtf To;nfO{ ƒfhgLlts k|of]u ug]{ s'ƒf, ƒfi6«, ƒfli6«otfsf] cjwfƒ0ff sf]l;; u5{g† . pgLx¿n] b'lgofFdf ax' eg]sf] ljljwtf xf] tƒ ToxfF lj?4df 5f}+ .
kGrfgAa] k|ltzt x'G5g\ . tƒ, tL l;nl;nfdf rqmjfbsf] s'ƒf p7†g k" F h LjfbL hgjfbL qmflGtsf] …km'6fpm ƒ ƒfh uƒÚsf] l;4fGt klg ljkƒLtx¿sf] PsTj x'G5 . ƒfhgLlts ƒ bfz{lgs ¿kdf
kfF r k| l tztn] kGrfgAa] ;S5 . d' V otM k" F h Ljfbsf cjwfƒ0ff xf] . af]s]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] bfz{lgs¿kdf k[YjLgfƒfo0f hgtfnfO{ ljljwtfdf Pstfsf]
k|ltztdfly zf;g u5{g\ . clg l;4fGtsfƒn] clGtd k"FhLjfb xf], hd{ g , k| m fG;, ?;, dfcf] j fbLx¿n] ƒfli6« o tf, zfxn] h'g cy{df PsfTds ƒfHo l;4fGtcg' ; fƒ PsLs[ t uƒ] ƒ
ToxL ju{n] k|hftGqsf 7"nf s'ƒf Tof] eGbf cufl8 s]xL hfFbg} ;+;fƒ cd]lƒsfnufot ;a} k"h F LjfbL ju{n] ‚jfwLgtfsf] s' ƒ f ubf{ agfP, Tof] cfbz{jfbL cå}tjfb n}hfG5f}+ . To;sfƒ0f dfcf]jfbLn]
ulƒƒx]sf] x'G5 . Tof] ju{afx]ssf ToxL c8†lsƒxG5 eGg] 7fG5g† . ƒfli6«otfsf] ;jfnnfO{ cf–cfºgf] ljv08gjfbL cGwƒfi6« j fbL g} xf] eGg] dfG5f}+ lsgeg] ToxfF eg]sf] ax'bnLo k|lt‚kwf{ k"h F Lklt
;a} hgtf zf]liftkLl8t x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ ToxL+ Joj‚yf bf]xf]lƒƒxG5 d'n'sdf xn uƒ] clxn] ljsl;t eGg]x¿nfO{ Pp6} k|Zg 5, hftLo ;Dk"0f{ hflt hghfltx¿nfO{ ‚yfg ju{n] eg]sf] h‚tf] geO{ dfS;{jfbL
dfcf]jfbLn] ToxL k~rfgAa] eG5g\ . tƒ, ;fDojfbL sDo'lg:6 d'n'sx¿df Tof] ;jfn p7†b}g . cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsfƒ k|hftflGqs 5} g . dfq} , ToxfF lgƒª† s ' z tf åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbL l;4fGtsf
k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ ljleGg tlƒsfn] qmflGtsfƒLn] hgjfb cfpF 5 , g]kfndf ƒfli6«otfsf] cjwfƒ0ff b'O{ clwsfƒ xf] ls xf]Og < o;nfO{ nflbPsf] lyof] . cfwfƒdf 5 . o; ljifodf sltko
;ƒsfƒ ƒ ;Qfdf n}hfg'k5{ eG5 . ;dfhjfb ƒ ;fDojfb cfpF5 ƒ lsl;dsf] cfPsf] 5 . k"FhLjfbsf] s' g clwsfƒsf ¿kdf dfGg] ca Pdfn] n ] dfg] s f] s'ƒf g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLn] ljsf;
oxfF vfnL k|hftGqsf] s'ƒf uƒ]ƒ dfq} tL klg ;a} gf;jfg\ x'Fb} hfG5g† ljsf; gx'Fb} ;fd|fHojfb cfof] cyjf dfGg] jf gdfGg] < olb ax'njfbsf] s'ƒf uƒf}+ ƒ To;df ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ?;, rLgnufotsf
x'Fb}g, hftLo, If]qLo ƒ n}lËs eGg] s'ƒfnfO{ ‚jLsfƒ u5{g\ . cdƒ eg] To;nfO{ ƒf] S g] cfGtlƒs gdfGg] xf] eg] pgLx¿n] JofVof c¿x¿ klg cfpF 5 g\ . olb d' n ' s df b] v fkƒ] s f sdL
clwsfƒsf] s'ƒf pl7ƒx]sf] 5 . eGg] lrh hutdf s] x L 5} g , ƒfli6« o tfx¿ ljleGg 5g† , hf] ub}{ cfPsf] nf]stGq g} ;dfKt ax'njfb ax'hftLo bz{g xf] eg] sdhf] ƒ Lx¿sf] ;dLIff ub} { ,
dfcf]jfbLn] pTkLl8t ju{, hflt, ;fDojfbkl5 s'g} csf]{ zf;g ljsl;t d'n'sdf ljleGg efiffn] eof] . pgLx¿ nf]stGq g} dfGg] ;Dk"0f{ hfltnfO{ a]Unfa]Un} clwsfƒ k| l tlqmofjfbLx¿n] k| o f] u ug] {
If]q ƒ lnËnfO{ ;Qfdf n}hfgsf Joj‚yf klg cfpg;S5 eGg] bafPƒ ƒfv]sf] lyof] . csf]{ltƒ xf] eg] dfcf]jfbLn] p7fPsf] klg lbg'kg]{ lyof] . tƒ, Tof] Pdfn]n] ax' b nLo Joj‚yfsf
nflu dfq} cfjfh p7fOƒx]sf] 5 . ‚jLsfƒ u5{g† . afXo ƒfli6«otf ;fd|fHojfb;Fu ToxL xf] . hftLo cfTdlg0f{osf] ‚jLsfƒ ub}{g, To;}n] Pdfn] klg lj;ª†ultx¿nfO{ klg s]nfpFb} @!cf+}
of] eg]sf] k~rfgAa] k|ltzt hgtfsf To;}n] b'lgofFsf] ;a} lrh l;wfl;wf nfb†gk' g]{ cj‚yf cfPsf] clwsfƒ nf]stflGqs clwsfƒ xf] . cfbz{jfbL cå}tjfbL g} xf] . Pdfn] ztfAbLsf] hgjfbnfO{ s;ƒL
xftdf ƒfHo;Qf x'g] s'ƒf xf] . oxfF gf;jfg† 5 ƒ Pp6fsf] ‚yfg 5 . o;ƒL x]bf{ dfcf]jfbLn] h'g olb lk5l8Psf hfthflt ƒ cfºg} ax'njfbL bz{gk|lt klg ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]df PsLs[t
zf;g;Qfsf] s' ƒ f ubf{ kf6L{ , csf]{n] lnG5 eG5g† åGåfTds ƒfli6«otfsf] d'2fnfO{ p7fPsf] 5, ;d'bfonfO{ nf]stGq lbg] s'ƒf dfq} OdfGbfƒ 5}g . hftLo k|Zgdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ a[xt† ax;sf
nf]stGq, ƒfhtGqsf s'ƒf cfpF5 . ef} l tsjfbLx¿n] . tƒ, Tof] cGwƒfi6«jfb xf]Og . lsgeg] xfdLn] uƒ]sf 5f}+ eg] xfdL s;ƒL pgLx¿ nf] s tGqk| l t OdfGbfƒ ;fy cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn]
clxn] s f] Joj‚yfdf ƒfhfjfbLx¿n] ƒfhtGqnfO{ xh'ƒ dfcf]jfbL ;j{xfƒf cGtƒf{li6«ojfb cGwƒfi6«jfbL jf lav08gjfbL x'g 5}gg† . cfºg} ax'njfbL bz{gk|lt eGb} cfPsf] ax'bnLo k|lt‚kwf{sf]
ƒfhtGqsf] Joj‚yf uO;s]kl5 cdƒ eG5g† . k" F h LjfbLx¿n] dfG5 . hfltx¿sf] ljsf; ;S5f}+ < OdfGbfƒ aGg ;s]sf 5}gg†, To;}n] bz{gsf] ax'njfbL bz{g;Fu s'g}
Tof] ;a} hgtfsf] xftdf cfpF5 . ;bf;j{bf ;+;bLo Joj‚yf cgd]n cu| f lwsfƒsf] hftLo d' l Qmsf] oL b'O{ kƒ‚kƒljƒf]wL s'ƒf x'g\ . pgLx¿ bz{g ƒ ƒfhgLltk|lt ;d]t ;fOgf] 5} g , g t cfbz{ j fbL
clxn] klg dfcf]jfbL g]t[Tjdf k"FhLjfbL Joj‚yfeGbf b'lgofFdf s'ƒfnfO{ klg p7fPsf] 5 . xfdL oL b'O{j6} cfƒf]knfO{ vfƒ]h a]OdfgL ulƒƒx]sf 5g\ . ax'njfb;Fu g} . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;fOgf]
;ƒsfƒ aGof], ;ª†qmd0fsfnLg c¿ s] x L klg 5} g eG5g\ . oL d' 2 fx¿ k" ƒ f ePkl5 u5f}{+ . nf]stGq dfGg] ls gdfGg] dfcf] j fbLn] åGåfTds s] j n åGåfTds P] l txfl;s
cj‚yfdf ePsfn] zf;g;Qfsf] cfbz{jfbL bz{gsf] jf ax'njfbL ;j{xfƒf ƒfli6«otfjfbdf hfG5 . eGg] k|Zgsf] hjfkm dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ef} l tsjfbL bz{ g sf cfwfƒdf ef}ltsjfb;Fu 5, o;n] g]kfndf
g]tT[ j dfq lyof] . ƒfHo;Qf xftdf bz{gsf] ƒ dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf] ;dfhjfb eg]sf] cGtƒf{li6«otfjfb cGwƒfi6«jfbL ƒ lav08gjfbLx¿sf] hgtfnfO{ Pstfsf] ;"qdf afFW5 . hgjfbnfO{ k"0f{tf lbFb} ;dfhjfb
lyPg . ƒfHo;Qf clxn] klg x]ƒfOdf cfsfzkftfnsf] kmƒs 5 . xf] . hftLo ƒfli6« o d' l Qm cfƒf]k nufpg]x¿n] lbg ;S5g† < Tof] cfbz{ j fbL cå} t jfbL ƒ ;fDojfbsf] lbzfdf cufl8
;fdGt, k" F h Lklt, bnfn / ca cGwƒfi6« j fb ƒ geP;Dd ;dfhjfbdf k' U g} dfcf] j fbLn] h;sf] j} 1 flgs k[ Y jLgfƒfo0f zfxsf] 9ª† u n] a9fpF5 .

qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzf / a'hj{' f cj;/jfb

ƒ0fgLlts ƒ j‚t'ut oyfy{sf ƒ ;fem]bfƒL, k'ƒfgf] ;Qfsf] 5fF6sfF6, tƒ, g]kfndf k'ƒfgf] dƒ0fzLn k| d ' v ƒ ;8s ;xfos eGg] cyjf h'emf? k|sfƒsf] ;ª†3if{sf]
lx;fan] ;'wfƒjfb, h'emf? cy{jfb k'ƒfgf] ;Qfsf] lnkfkf]tL ƒ ;'wfƒ ;Qfdf qmflGtsfƒLx¿sf] ;xeflutf a'emfpF5 . ts{ljts{ h;ƒL uƒ] klg k|of]u ;dfhsf] cfd"n klƒjt{g ƒ
ƒ cj;ƒjfb klg xf] . ug]{ k|lqmofdf hfg rfxGYf] . x'g k'Ubf To;n] g s]jn ;dfhdf cyjf k|dv ' g]tT[ jk+lQm hxfF ePklg ;j{xfƒf klƒjt{gsf nflu xf]Og,
wd]G{ b| af:tf]nf kf6L{n] cufl8 ;fƒ]sf] qmflGtsfƒL tnaf6 bafa lbg] s' ƒ f ;Qfk|ltsf] e|d l;h{gf u¥of] . clkt', ;j{xfƒf ju{sf] clwgfosTj ‚yfkgf a'hj{' f clwgfosTj nflu ;Qfdfly
sfo{lbzf, ƒfli6«o ‚jfwLgtf, gfulƒs pgLx¿sf nflu c;Dej, To;n] qmflGtsfƒLx¿df ;'wfƒjfbsf] gx'Gh]n;Dd qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf bafa l;h{gf uƒ]ƒ ToxL ;Qfleq
l;4fGtdf qmflGtsfƒL ƒ ;jf]R{ rtf, zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfgsf] nflu cJojxflƒs, cj}1flgs arsgf, jsfnt ug]{ l‚ylt klg k}bf eof] . nflu ;8ssf] df]rf{ k|wfg x'G5 ;fem]bfƒLdf cfkm"nfO{ ;dflxt ug]{
Jojxfƒdf ;'wfƒ eGg] sfo{gLlts dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ jdf ƒfli6«o ;+oQ' m s]6fs]6L, h8;"qLo, cb"ƒb[li6 cflb o‚tf] cj‚yfdf qmflGtsfƒL eGg] ju{;ª†3if{sf] lgodn] dfGb5 . x'G5 .
gfƒfsf ¿kdf g} lsg gxf];† cGttM ;ƒsfƒsf] sfo{gLltsf] ;DaGw cflb nfUg] x'GYof] . tnaf6 bafa cfjƒ0fleq a'h'{jf cj;ƒjfbn] qmflGt ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 ;j{xfƒf clxn] hlta] n f efƒtLo
Tof] ;'wfƒjfb xf] . qmflGtsfƒL dfn]dfjfbL l;h{gzLntfsf ;Gbe{df lbg] s'ƒf ƒ k'ƒfgf] ;Qfsf lj?4sf] 6fpsf] p7fpFb} l;h{gzLntf, gofF juL{o clwgfosTjsf] Wj+; ug{ lj‚tfƒjfb g]kfnL n]G8'kx¿sf] 3f]8f
cfGbf]ngdf ;'wfƒjfbL sfo{gLlt ?; ƒ rLgsf] P]ltxfl;s cg'ejeGbf ljb|fx] k'ƒfgf] tVtfnfO{ Wj‚t ug],{ k| o f] u , gofF af6f] s f gfddf a'hj{' f clwgfosTj ;8sdf k'U5 r9†b} qmflGtsfƒLx¿sf lj?4 g]kfnL
s'g} klg l‚yltdf cfGbf]ngsf] lglZrt¿kn] leGg 5 . tyflk, gofF ;Qfsf] ‚yfkgf ug]{ s'ƒf qmflGtsfƒL cfGbf]ng ;'wfƒjfbL ƒ ;j{xfƒf ju{sf] ;Qf arfpgsf ƒfli6«otfsf lj?4 cfO;s]sf] 5 .
ƒ0fgLltsf] k" ƒ s x' g ;Sb} g . cfwfƒe"t¿kn] of] n]lgg ƒ dfcf]n] pgLx¿sf nflu ckToflƒnf] ] , bnbndf km‚g] vtƒf ?; ƒ rLgsf] nflu klg ;j{xfƒf ju{sf nflu hlta]nf g]kfnL ƒfi6« Psfltƒ ƒ b]zsf
;'wfƒjfbLh‚tf] b]lvg] sfo{gLltn] k|of]u ug'e{ Psf] sfo{gLlteGbf kmƒs pb]snfUbf], c;Dej ƒ clglZrt eGbf g]kfndf k|jn x'G5 . ;8s g} k|wfg x'G5 . hxfF d"n d'¶Leƒ g]kfnL bnfnx¿ csf]l{ tƒ
qmflGtsfƒL ƒ0fgLltsf] kl5Nnf] 5}g . n]lggn] qmflGtsf] ljifonfO{ eljioltƒsf] ofqfh‚tf] nfUYof] . g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df g]tT[ j x'G5, ToxL df]rf{ k|wfg x'G5 cfdg];fd'g] v8f eO;s]sf x'G5g†,
sfo{gLltnfO{ lgb]{lzt ulƒƒx]sf] s]Gb|ljGb'df ƒfv]ƒ ;f]Rb} tLgj6f cGtƒf{ l i6« o sDo' l g:6 ;j{xfƒf ju{sf] cu|b‚tf xfd|f] kf6L{n] eGg] s'ƒ' f cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfb Tolta] n f ts{ ulƒG5, klxn]
x'G5, Tolta]nf dfq qmflGtsfƒL d'2fx¿ cufl8 ;fb},{ hf] Pscsf{df xf] . of] cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbn] cGtƒljƒf]waf6 ;dfwfg x'g'kg]{
ƒ0fgLltsf] k"ƒs x'g;S5 . cGtƒlgxLt 5g\ . k|dv
' g]t[Tjk+lQm hxfF ePklg ;j{xfƒf ju{sf] clwgfosTj ;ª†u7gfTds¿kd} cƒfhstf k}bf hftLo, If]qLo, lnËLo ƒ ;du|df
g] k fndf clxn] rlnƒx] s f] klxnf], c‚yfoL qmflGtsfƒL ‚yfkgf gx'Gh]n;Dd qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;8ssf] u5{ ƒ kf6L{nfO{ lj36gsf] lbzftkm{ juL{o ;d‚of ;dfwfg geOsg
å}w;Qfsf] cj‚yfdf qmflGtsf] ;ƒsfƒ, bf] ; | f ] ;Dk" 0 f{ ;Qf df]rf{ k|wfg x'G5 eGg] ju{;ª†3if{sf] lgodn] dfGb5 . n}hfG5 . cGtƒljƒf]wdf klƒjt{g x'g ;Sb}g .
d'2fnfO{ s]Gb|Lo k|Zgsf ¿kdf ;f]leotx¿df cyjf hgtfdf ƒ dfcf]n] cfk"m ;dfhjfbL ;Qfsf] of] lgisif{n] ƒfli6«o ‚jfwLgtfsf nflu
ƒfVbfƒfVb} klg qmflGtsf] t];f| ] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjdf hf]8 qmflGt ;DkGg eO;s]kl5 ;j{xfƒf juL{o clwgfosTjsf] zLif{ ‚yfgdf ƒxFbf;d]t ;ƒsfƒnfO{ ;ª†3if{ cfjZos 7fg] klg lg0ff{os
;DefjgfnfO{ b"ƒlIflthdf 5]Sg] lbg'eof] . k'ƒfgf] ;QfnfO{ dflyaf6 Wj+; ug{ a'hj{' f clwgfosTj ;8sdf k'U5 ƒ ;j{xfƒf gePƒ ;8snfO{ g} k| w fgtf ;ª†3if{ cfjZos 7fGb}g . o;k|sfƒsf]
vtƒf k}bf ePsf] 5 . qmflGts} bafa lbPƒ dfq qmflGt ;DkGg x'g ju{sf] ;Qf arfpgsf nflu klg ;j{xfƒf ju{sf nflu lbg'eof] . pxfFn] …a'hj{' f d'Vofnodf ;ª†3if{ cfjZos 7fg] klg p;n]
;Gbe{ d f ?;df 6f6« ‚ sL ƒ ;Sb}g . qmflGt ;DkGg ug{sf nflu adjiff{ uƒÚ eg]ƒ cfXjfg ubf{ klg ToxfF ljho b]Vb}g . s]jn kƒfho,
6f6«‚sLkGyLx¿ ;j{xfƒf qmflGtnfO{ d'Vo¿kdf tnaf6 bafa lbg' ;8s g} k|wfg x'G5 . hxfF d"n g]t[Tj x'G5, ToxL df]rf{ ;8ssf] df]rf{nfO{ k|wfgtf lbg'eof] . Ifltdfq b]V5 . k'ƒfgf] k|ltufdL ;Qf
b"ƒlIflthdf b]Vg] uy]{ . rLgsf] cfjZosdfq xf]Og, clgjfo{ x'G5 . k|wfg x'G5 eGg] s'ƒ' f cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfb xf] . of] clxn] xfd|f] kf6L{leq b]vfkg{ ;Sg] cw{ ; fdGtL cw{ c f} k lgj] l zs
hgjfbL qmflGtdf nDa] dfcf] T ;] t ' Ë n] ƒfli6« o ;+ o ' Q m cfTds]lGb|t JolQmjfbn] ;ª†u7gfTds¿kd} cƒfhstf k}bf cj;ƒjfbn] ƒ sltko ;Gbe{df cj‚yfdf ƒx]sf] ;Qfk|lt c;xdlt
cleofgb] l v gofF hgjfb;Dd ;ƒsfƒsf] k|‚tfj cufl8 ;fbf{ klg u5{ ƒ kf6L{nfO{ lj36gsf] lbzftkm{ n}hfG5 . qmflGtsf] kljq ;bLIff ƒfVg] hfx]ƒ ub}{} ToxL ;Qfdf ;xefuL
g] t [ T j uƒ] s f sltko g] t fn] oxL s'ƒfdf Wofg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . JolQmx¿sf] ƒ g]t[Tjk|lt cGw x'g] lgisif{df k'U5 . To;}df ;'w' fƒ
;dfhjfbL ¿kfGtƒ0fsf] ;Defjgf ƒfli6«o ;+o'Qm ;ƒsfƒsf] gfƒfdf cfGbf]ngdf b]lvPsf] of] ƒf]u g]kfnL dflyb]lv tn;Dd ;8s, ;bg ƒ akmfbfƒL hgfpFb} JolQmut¿kdf ug{ rfxG5 ƒ of] ;QfnfO{ cfºgf]
b]Vb}gy] . xfd|f] ;dfhdf clxn]sf] hfkfgL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj?4sf] sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf b]lvg] vtƒf ;ƒsfƒsf] df]rf{df ;j{xfƒf juL{o ƒfhgLlts, cfly{s ƒ ;fdflhs 5'§} cl‚tTj d"No ƒ dfGotf sfod
ljlzi6 ljZj klƒj]zdf Psfltƒ ;+oQ' m df]rf{ klg lyof] . ‚jfefljs x' G 5 . g] k fndf clwgfosTj k|of]u ug'{ k|d'v ‚jfy{ l ;4 ug{ vf] H g] lgDg ƒfvL ljsf; lgdf{0f ug{ rfxG5 .
;dfhsf] qmflGtsfƒL ¿kfGtƒ0fsf] ;fd| f Hojfbsf lj?4sf] ;fd|fHojfb, lj‚tfƒjfb ƒ ltgsf cfjZostf x'G5 . ;8s, ;bg ƒ k"h
F LjfbLx¿n] hxfF d"n g]tT[ j x'G5, h' e mf? cy{ j fb, ;' w fƒjfb ƒ
k|rƒ' ;Defjgf ƒxG5 eg] csf]l{ tƒ df]rf{aGbL RofªsfO;]snfO{ kRg g]kfnL bnfnx¿n] rLg ƒ ?;sf ;ƒsfƒsf] df]rf{nfO{ slxn] ;ƒsfƒ, ToxL df] r f{ k| y d x' G 5 eGg] cj;ƒjfb eg]sf] oxL xf] .
qmflGtsfƒL ;Defjgfx¿nfO{ ;Sb}gYof] . RofªsfO;]ssf nflu k|ltufdL k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] eGbf ;bg ƒ ;8ssf ¿kdf klg u}ƒdfS;{jfbL u}ƒqmflGtsfƒL gfƒfsf] o;sfƒ0f cfh kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo
c;Dej agfOlbg] uDeLƒ gfdn] ƒfli6«o ;+o'Qm ;ƒsfƒsf] leGg} tlƒsfn] Jojxfƒ uƒ]sf 5g\ . klƒeflift ug{ vf] l hG5 . of] jsfnt ug]{ vtƒf ƒxg ;S5 . ;ldltn] to uƒ]sf] ;8s, ;bg ƒ
r'gf}tLx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . lgdf{ 0 f Tolta] n f dfq x' G Yof] , g ?;df g rLgdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;} 4 flGts k| Z gdf cyjf of] To;sfƒ0f ;a} g]tT[ j ƒ sfo{stf{x¿n] ;ƒsfƒsf] df]rf{af6 ƒfli6«o ‚jfwLgtf,
olta]nf dflg;x¿ ulxƒf] uƒL hlta]nf dfcf]T;]t'Ën] qmflGtsf] r'gfj ;Dej eof] tƒ g]kfndf ƒfhgLlts k|Zgdf kf6L{ ‚ki6 x'g hfgLghfgL cfkm}+ cj;ƒjfbsf] gfulƒs ;jf] { R rtf, zflGt ƒ
qmflGtsf] lxt lrtfPs} xf];,† Hofg k|ZgnfO{ 5f]8ƒ] sf]ldGtfËsf] nfOgdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj ;Dej klg cfjZos 5 . of] df]rf{ ;8s, bnbndf km‚g] vtƒf ƒ d"n g]tT[ jnfO{ hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ xfd|f] kf6L{sf]
hLjg ƒ k|fKt pknlAwx¿sf] ƒIffsf] hfg'xG' Yof] . tƒ, dfcf]sf] g]tT[ jdf aGof] . To‚t} ?;df s]ƒ]G‚sLsf] ;bg ƒ ;ƒsfƒ xf] jf ;ƒsfƒ, ;bg klg hah{‚t ¿kdf To; bnbndf g]t[Tjdf ƒfli6«o ;+o'Qm ;ƒsfƒ
ulxƒf] cfsfª†Iffn] qmflGtsf] rfxgf ƒx]sf] lrlgofF sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] To;f] d]G;]ljs k|ltufdL ;ƒsfƒ ag]klg ƒ ;8s xf] < of] klg ‚ki6 x'g lvRg] vtƒf k}bf x'g;S5 . of] s'ƒf agfpg] ;ª†3if{df nfUg cfjZos
ef]lnsf lbgx¿df jf ;'bƒ" eljiodf ug{ ;Dej lyPg . h;sfƒ0f ;+oQ' m rLgdf ;+oQ ' m ;ƒsfƒ aGg ;s]g cfjZos 5 . k|wfg cGtƒljƒf]wsf] ljifodf klg 5 . of] k'ƒfgf] ;Qfdfly dflyaf6}
;DkGg ug]{ ;kgf b]lvƒx]sf x'G5g\ . ;ƒsfƒ klg aGg ;s]g . b'j} b]zx¿ tƒ g]kfndf dfcf]jfbLsf] g]tT[ jdf ;8s, ;ƒsfƒ ƒ ;bg eGgfn] ;To xf] . ;fdfGotofM cGtƒf{li6«o bafanfO{ cem k|efjsfƒL agfpg
of] cfkm}d+ f Pp6f ƒf]df~rs l‚ylt ?; ƒ rLgsf] ;Gbe{df cj;ƒjfbsf ;+oQ' m ;ƒsfƒ aGg ;Dej eof] . ;8ssf] df]rf{ k|dv
' , ;ƒsfƒsf] df]rf{ sDo' l g:6 cfGbf] n gdf b] l vg] cfjZos 5 . o; If]qdf ju{;ª†3if{
xf] . ts{sf lx;fan] of] l;h{gzLntf, nflu dflyaf6 lbOg] bafa h;sf] sfƒ0f ToxfF ;xfos ƒ ;bgsf] df]rf{ ;+of]hgsfƒL cj;ƒjfb ƒ ljz] i ftM xfd| f ] ƒ ;j{xfƒf juL{o clwgfosTjsf]
Jojxflƒs cEof;, tYo;ª†ut k|fyldstfdf cfpFYof] . pgLx¿ of] qmflGtsfƒLx¿sf] k'ƒfgf] ;Qf;Fu eGg] a'emfpF5 . tƒ, ;ƒsfƒ, ;bg cfGbf]ngdf b]lvg] cj;ƒjfbsf] k|of]u kf6L{sf] ;Dk"0f{ txn] k|efjsfƒL
lgisif{ klg xf]nf tƒ ;}4flGts, k|lqmofaf6 k'ƒfgf] ;Qfdf ;xefuL hf]l8g] k|lqmof sdhf]ƒ aGof] . ƒ ;8s eGgfn] ;ƒsfƒsf] df]rf{ ljz]iftf x'g] u5{ h'emf? cy{jfb tlƒsfn] ug{ cfjZos 5 .
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leGg–leGg kl/j]zdf
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lbg l;kfxL odaxfb'/ ;]gsL o; ljifodf n]vs ] f] kfOPsf] 5}g . bl/nf] ljrf/ / hg;flxTo lbof] . cfjZos kbf{ aGb's ;dfpg klg
>LdtL eLds'df/Lsf] sf]vaf6 ;f}t]gL cfdfnfO{ klg cfk\mg} ToxfF pgn] cg]s crfSnLsf syf kl5 kb}{gg\ . cfk\mgf] :jlKgn cfh d]/f] ufpFsf] df}nf rf]/L eP5
Pp6f /ftf] j0f{sf] lzz' -5f]/f_sf] cfdfhlQs} cfb/ ug{ ;Sg' of] / Joyf ;'Gg / a'em\g kfP . :ju{df e"sDk hfg] 8/n] tLgyl/ cfh d]/f] 7fpFsf] d"lt{ x/0f k/]5
hGd eof] . >LdtLnfO{ k|zj pgsf] dxfgtf klg xf]nf . d}n] s;}sf sljtf n]vssf lgldQ ju{j/} Lx? u7hf]8sf ;fy vlgg] PsfPs, /ftf/ft
Joyfn] 5f] P sf] yfxf kfP/ ;fgf] 5Fbf ;'g]sf] Pp6f uLtsf] dfq sfd nfUg] x'G5g\, s;}sf u5{g\ qmflGtsf/Lx?sf lj?4df . ufoa eP5g\ la;f}gLaf6
odaxfb'/ ;]g kN6gaf6 5'l§ c+z o:tf] 5, sljtf n]Vg] / k9\g; ] Ddsf nflu pgLx? qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ a]kQf k/]5g\ rf}kf/Laf6
dfu]/ 8]/fdf lyP . ;kmntfk"j{s df5f] ;w}+ a:b5 kfgLdf dfq sfd nfUg] x'G5g\ t/ s;}sf …cft+ssf/LÚ sf] laNnf le/fpFb}
aRrf hlGdPkl5 ;]gsf >Ldfg\ cfdfh:tL x'Fb}gg\ ;fgLdf . sljtf eg] cfd hgtfsf nflu cfk\mgf] clGtd xs{t k|bz{g km/s–km/s gfddf, km/s–km/s gfkdf
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ltxf/sf] /demdl;t /dfpF b } lk6] klg Tof] aRrfsf] lglDt kf]z sljtfn] klg l;+uf] b]z / ju{nfO{ s[i0f ;]gsf sljtfn] klg 3[l0ft afWotfsf] cd[thndf 3f]lnP/
;fyLefO{ l ;t ldl;g k' u ] -v'/fs_ aG5 /] . clg ;f}t]gL 5f]Psf] 5 . o;/L slj ;]g l;+uf] tLg}yl/ ju{j}/Lx?sf sfuhL ufpFaf6 zx/ k'¥ofOPsf 5g\
odaxfb'/ . klxnf] ;Gtfg g} 5f]/f] cfdfn] dfof u/]/ rf6]klg Tof] g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;femf / lk|o slj lsNnfdf wfjf af]ns ] f 5g\ zAbsf k"vf{sf nlntsnfsf lrgf]x?
ePsfn] pgsf w]/} ;fyLx? cfP/ /f]if -/L;_ aG5 /] . lyP eGbf km/s gknf{ . ld;fOnx?af6 . hf] ;Rrf a]Unfa]Un} ;dodf, 5'§f5'§} kl/j]zdf
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ef]h v'jfpg xf};fP klg . efn'jfª ahf/ -k'nb]lv k"jl{ t/ ;lsG5 . klxnf] t pgL qmflGtsf/Lx? cfzfjfbL x'G5g\ . a]gfdL 3';vf]/åf/f kf]sf]–kf]sf] kf/]/
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eGg] s'/f /lte/ klg lyPg . dfljdf k9\g yfn] . ;fx|} cg'zfl;t geP/ pgL dfS;{jfbL ljrf/s / Pshgf qmflGtsf/Lsf nflu lsga]r ul/g] lg/Lx xA;L hfltem}+
kxf8L d"nsf 7s'/L odaxfb'/ / nugzLn 5fq ;]gn] cfk\mgf] s'zn ;+u7s klg lyP . pgn] zfl//Ls bx|f]kgf eGbf j}rfl/s d]/f] df}nf ;Gq:t–;Gq:t alg/x]5
;]g Ps st{Jok/fo0f l;kfxL Jojxf/ / lqmofsnfksf] sf/0fn] dfn]dfjfbnfO{ /fd|f];Fu a'em]sf bx|f]kgf 7"nf] s'/f x'G5 . c;n
lyP . cfk\mgf] st{Jo lgjf{xdf lzIfs tyf ;fyLefO{ x ?af6 lyP . o;/L pgL ;a} kIfdf ;dfg / qmflGtsf/L ljrf/n] g} ;+;f/ cl:tTjsf] k}dfgf;Fu ckdfg lhO/x]5 .
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cltl/Qm cfly{s nfe / kbf]Gglt pgsf] ljBfno klg ;flxTodo ax'bnLosfn x'Fb} hgo'4sfn;Dd dfGotf /fVby] s[i0f ;]gn] klg . ljjz 5 alh{t af]nL ;'Gg
eg] k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . eof] . pgdf ghflgbf] ?kn] ju{kd]| lg/Gt/ rNof] . pgL ;flxlTos / To;}n] t pgL slxn] klg 8/fPgg\ afWo 5 3[l0ft tfnL ;'Gg
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dfofn' :jefjsf lyP . pgL b]pv'/Lsf] dfljaf6 k"/f ul/;s]kl5 klg aflx/ uPsf] kfOb}g . u/]gg\ . b'Zdgsf sf]/f{ / a'6n]
;fg}bl] v /ftf] j0f{sf lyP, To;}n] pRr lzIff lngsf nflu dx]Gb| ef]lnk|lt -@)#@_ sljtfaf6 pgsf] ljrf/nfO{ xNnfpg t s] r'krfk–r'krfk
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;'vL kl/jf/df Pslbg crfgs kl;;s]sf] lyof] . SofDk; hLjg 5g\ . !_ zf]sf~hnL -@)$*_ @_ g;Sg] n fO{ aGb' s n] lhTg
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agfof] . To; 36gfn] afns ?kdf eg] lbge/ cWoog / s]xL jif{ hflu/df nfu]klg …3[l0ft x'bF g} . tTsflng v'gL k~hfx?n] df}nf;Fu} rfx, hf]jg / lk/tL rf]g{ vf]lhof]
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a9\b} uPsf] 5f8f ;+:s[lt / o;sf] k|efj

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:jefljs s'/f xf] . ljZjdf bfbf dflg;sf] ;+:s[lt klg ToxL cg';f/ 5f8fjfb xf] . xfdLn] k| o f] u o;n] kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjaf/] 5}g, ljleGg xTof, cfTdxTofsf
lx/fnfn s];L sxnfpg] cd] l /sfnufotsf ljsl;t ePsf] xfdL kfpF5f}+ . ul//x]sf] Od]n, df]jfOn, xfdLn] xfdL uDeL/ 5f}F ls 5}gf}F of] klg >[v+ nfx? lbglbg} a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
dfgjhfltn] @! cf}+ ztfAbLdf b]zx?df x]bf{ /fhgLlts 5f8fkg cfheGbf b'O{ ;o jif{cl3 k'?ifn] x]l//x]sf] l;g]df, xfdLn] kl9/x]sf] ;f]rgLo ljifo xf] . jt{dfg 5f8f PrcfO{eL÷P8\;sf] ;+qmd0f klg
kfOnf 6]s]sf] 5 . ljleGg o'u / 5 . h;n] h] u/]klg x'g] eGg] ax'ljjfx ug{ kfpg' t/ dlxnfrflxF klqsfx?df dflg;sf gUg b[Zox? ;+:s[ltn] hf]uL ;Gof;LnfO{ klg 5f8f ;+ : sf/s} pkh xf] .
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al9/x]sf] 5 . tLj| ?kdf eO/x]sf] g} gfËf lel8of]nfO{ olt ljs[t ePsf] 5 ktg eP/ hfg] 5 . rf}tkmL{ gflËPsf]
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dflg;sf] 5f8f ;+:s[ltaf/] s]xL lasf;f]Gd'v sf/s tTj klg 5f8f ;+:s[lt g} xf] . cj:yf cfO;Sof] . ;dfhjfbL ;+:s[lt lgdf{0f x'g5 ] .
rrf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . b]zx?n] ToxL 5f8f kz' x ?df gftf of] vfnsf] ;+:s[ltn] g} ;dfhnfO{
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ljsf; eO/x]sf] ;Nofgdf ut ;ftfb]lv
;Nofg kf]i6 /fli6«o ;fKtflxs klqsfsf] ;DkGg u/]sf lyof}+ . ;+ljwfg g] k fnsf] dlxnf cfGbf] n gsf]
k|sfzg z'? ul/Psf] 5 . ljsf; kof{j/0f ;efsf] d"n p2]Zo hgtfsf] kIfdf Oltxf;nfO{ s;/L d" N of+ s g
tyf ;'zf;g kqsf/ ;d"x ljz'k l8NnL/fh b]jsf]6f÷zflGtgu/ To;df klg k5fl8 kfl/Psf] ju{, ug' { x ' G 5 < o;sf ;Defjgf /
;Nofgsf] kxndf k|sfzg ;'? ul/Psf] k/Dk/fut ?kdf ub}{ cfPsf] If]q, lnËsf] kIfdf ;+ljwfg agfpg' r'gf}lt s:tf 5g\ <
pQm ;fKtlxs klqsfsf] hLjg lj;L
k| s fzs÷;Dkfbs /xg' e Psf] 5 . dfx' / Lkfng Joj;foaf6 /fd| f ] xf] . xfdL ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:ox?n] ;of}+ jif{bl] v ;fdGtL lrGtgsf
To;}u/L /d]zs'df/ uf}td k|wfg ;Dkfbs, cfDbfgL gePkl5 Jofj;flos To; s'/fnfO{ dxTj lbg'k5{ . t/, sf/0fn] dlxnfx? n}lËs lje]bn]
k|tLsOR5's zdf{ sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs dfx'/Lkfngtkm{ s[ifsx?sf] cfsif{0f kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cfOk'Ubf ;+ljwfg RoflkPsf 5g\ . /fHon] sfg"g
/xg'ePsf] ;Nofg kf]i6 ;fKtflxssf] a9]sf] 5 . Joj;flos ?kdf pGgt ;dodf aG5 ls aGb}g ;+ljwfg agfP/ klg lje]b u¥of] . o;sf]
klxnf] c+s k|dv
' lhNnf clwsf/L /fd]Zj/ hftsf dfx'/L kfng Joj;foaf6 ag] klg hgtfsf] kIfdf ;+ljwfg lj?4 xfdLn] dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{
b+ufnn] Ps sfo{qmdsf aLr ljdf]rg cfDbfgLsf] ;| f ] t j[ l 4 ePkl5 aG5 ls aGb}g eg] cfz+sf pTkGg ;zQm agfof}+ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]
ug'{ePsf] lyof] . s[ifsx? o;tkm{ cfslif{t ePsf x'g\ .
klqsfsf k|sfzs ;Dkfbs hLjg dfx' / Laf6 pTkflbt dx ePsf] 5 . ;j{xf/f, dhb"/ / dlxnfsf] d'2fnfO{
lj;Ln] klqsfsf] k|fyldstf /fhlglteGbf dflg;sf] hLjgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ lxhf]sf k'/fgf JolQmx? pxL d'Vo agfPsf]n] d of] kf6L{df
cfly{s, ljsf; lgdf{0f, z}lIfsnufotsf k'/fg} vfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg k|efljt eP . d}n] klg /fhg}lts
ultljlwx? kg]{ atfpg' eof] . lhNnfdf zlQm ePsf]n] / cfDbfgL klg x'g]
o;cl3 ;NofgL ;Gb]z ;fKtflxs klqsf ePsf]n] s[ifsx? ;lqmotfsf ;fy rfxG5g\ . xfdL To;sf] lj/f]wdf If]qdf k|jz ] ubf{lalQs} ;j{xf/f
k|sfzg x'b+ } cfPsf] 5 . of] ;Fu} ca dfx'/Lkfngtkm{ nflu k/]sf 5g\ . 5f}+ . xfdLn] hgtfsf] efjgfnfO{ ju{sf] kIfdf s'/f p7fpFb} cfPF .
;Nofgdf klqsfsf] ;+Vof b'O{ k'us
] f] 5 . cGo Joj;fosf] t' n gfdf Vofn u/]/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ eGg] xfdLn] dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf] s'/f dfq}
dfx'/Lkfng Joj;fo ;/n Pjd\

?s'ddf klxnf]k6s :ofk"{ dxf]T;j x'g]

cg'el" t u/]sL 5' . u/]/ x'bF g} , dlxnf cfGbf]ng ;Fu;Fu}
k|ofKt cfDbfgL x'g] ePsf]n] o; tkfO{ Pp6f dlxnf klg ePsf] juL{o cfGbf]ngnfO{ klg hf]8g\ k' 5{ .
Joj;fodf nfu]sf] zflGtgu/–& sf gftfn] ;+ l jwfg ;efdf g] k fnsf] dlxnf cfGbf] n gsf]
dfx' / Lkfns lrqaxfb' / s] ; L
atfpF5g\ . ;do / >dsf] ;d]t Joj:yflksfdf dlxnfsf s] s:tf Oltxf;nfO{ !) jif]{ hgo'4sf]
d] u /fh v8\ s f÷?s' d art x'g,] 3/kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:on] d'2fx? p7fpg' ePsf] 5 < bf}/fgdf x]bf{ s]xL km8\sf] df/]sf]
lhNnfd} klxnf] k 6s :ofk" { ug{ ;lsg] Joj;fo klg ePsf]n] dlxnfsf] d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df s'/f 5 . hlt cfGbf]ng ePsf] 5,
dxf]T;jsf] tof/L eO/x]sf] 5 . cfkm" o;tkm{ cfslif{t ePsf] s];L ubf{ dlxnf clwsf/, dfgj pknlAwd"ns ePsf] 5 . ;a}
;b/d'sfdb]lv kfFr sf]if 6f9f atfpF5g\ . cfkm";uF ePsf] !% j6f clwsf/sf] ;fydf dlxnfsf] dlxnfx?nfO{ cfk\mgf] clwsf/k|lt
pQ/k"jL{ uflj; afFlkmsf]6df /x]sf] dfx'/Lsf] 3f/af6 jflif{s?kdf ^) :jf:Yo, lzIff, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffh:tf ;r]t agfPsf] 5 .
:ofk"t{ fnsf] lrgf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] xhf/b]lv &) xhf/;Ddsf] cfDbfgL s'/fx? c;fWo} ;+jb] gzLn eP/ casf] g]kfndf dlxnf cfGbf]ngnfO{
dxf]T;j x'g nfu]sf] xf] . %@ kf]v/L u/]sf] pgn] atfP . To:t} ;f]xL p7fpFb} cfPsf 5f}+ . s;/L cufl8 a9fpg'knf{ <
%# 6fs'/Lsf] gfdn] lrlgg] ?sd 7fpFsf s[ifs cd/axfb'/ jnLn] lxhf]b]lv lnËsf cfwf/df juL{o cfGbf]ng;Fu;Fu} dlxnf
lhNnf ljleGg ko{6sLo :yn ;fdfGo v] t LkftLaf6 eGbf ul/Psf lje]bx?nfO{ cGTo u/]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg'k5{ .
ePklg k| r f/k| ; f/sf] cefjn] dfx'/Lkfng Joj;foaf6 dgUo
cf]em]ndf k/]sf] eGb} P]ltxfl;s cfDbfgL u/]sf] atfpF5g\ . cfkm";uF ca gofF 9+un] cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;a} ju{, hflt,
ko{6sLo :ynx?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ePsf] !) s¶f hUufdf cGo eGg] xfd|f] cfjfh 5 . ca ef]lnsf ;d'bfonfO{ hf]8]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{
ug{ klxnf]k6s :ofk'{ dxf]T;jsf] v]tLkftL ubf{ jflif{s @)÷#) lbgdf dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] ;zQm kfg'k{ g]5 { .
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cfof]hs kIfn] xhf/sf] cfDbfgL x'GYof] eg] clxn] ;fdflhs lje]b ef]Ug dlxnfnfO{ clxn] klg dlxnf 3/aflx/
hgfPsf] 5 . Joj;flos dfx'/Lkfngaf6 jflif{s kg]{ 5}g . xfdLn] dlxnfsf d'2fnfO{ lg:sg' k bf{ y' k | } ;d:ofx?
cfpbf] h]7df dxf]T;j ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 . To;sf] ;fy} ?s'dsf klg u7g eO;s]sf] cfof]hs Ps nfvb]lv 8]9 nfv;Ddsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf dfq} em] N g' k 5{ . 3/kl/jf/n] cem}
elgPtfklg ;a} kIf;Fu 5nkmn ljleGg emfFsLx?, k|l;4 du/ gfr ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . dxf]T;jsf] cfDbfgL u/]sf] jnL atfpF5g\ . p7fpg] gu/L x/If]qdf x/]s /fd|f];Fu ;kf]6{ ub}{gg\ . ;+3if{
u/L dxf]T;jsf] 6'ª\uf] nufOg] tyf b'ne{ hl8a'6Lx? :6nsf ?kdf tof/Lsf] nflu t]hljqmd zfxsf] df}/Lkfng Joj;fo kmi6fpFb} ;ldlt, pk;ldltdfkm{t\ p7fpFb} ug'k{ 5{, ljb|fx] ug'k{ 5{ . t/, xfdLn]
ePsfn] cflwsfl/s ldlt eg] cem} /xg]5g\ . dxf]T;jsf nflu d'n ;+of]hsTjdf @% ;b:oLo d"n hfFbf of] Joj;fo ug]{ s[ifsx?nfO{ Joj:yflksf;Dd Nofpg] u/]sf cfGbf]ngnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFbf ;a}
to ePsf] 5}g . pQm dxf]T;jsf cfof]hs ;ldltn] ;a} kIf;Fu cfof]hs ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . yk tflnd, k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZostf 5f}+ . s]–s] p7fpg] eGg] ;Gbe{df ;d:ofnfO{ ;Gt'lnt 9+un] ldnfP/
dx;'; ePsf] atfpF5g\ . o;tkm{ t xfdLn] ;se/ ;a} clwsf/nfO{ cGt/lj/f]w gcfcf];\ eGg] 9+un]
nflu l;:g] lxdfn, :ofk"t{ fn, sdn 5nkmn / cGtlqm{of u/L cfjZos lhNnfdf klxnf]k6s dxf]T;j x'g dfx'/Lsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ lgsfon]
tfnnufotsf k|fs[lts :ynx? sfo{qmd ul//x]sf] 5 . dxf]T;jsf yfn] k l5 lhNnfaf;L hgtfdf ;f]r]df dfx'/Lkfns s[ifsx?sf] p7fPsf 5f}+ t}klg s]xL 5'6k'6 eP n}hfg'k5{ eGg] d}n] 7fg]sL 5' .
d'Vo cfs{if0fsf] s]Gb|sf] ?kdf /xg] nflu cfjZos ljleGg ;ldltx? v';LofnL 5fPsf] 5 . Joj;fodf yk 6]jf k'Ug] lyof] ls < tkfO{x?h:tf ;r]t dlxnfx?n] r' g f} l tsf] s' / f ubf{ dlxnf
xfdLnfO{ 3R3Rofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . cfGbf]ngsf y'k|} r'gf}lt 5g\ .
x]dGtk'/sf cfsif{s 38]/Lx? laqmLdf ca aGg] gof“ ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf
s'g–s'g d'2fnfO{ ;d]6g\ k} g]{ h:tf]
dfG5] s f] lrGtg, ;f] r fO{ ,
b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g x'g ;s]sf]
cJojl:yt a;f]af;nfO{ u/f}+ lt/:sf/ Û ;Fu} a;f}+ ;f]rf}+ ca vf]hf}+ /f]huf/ ÛÛ nfU5 tkfO{nfO{ < 5}g . dlxnf cufl8 a9]kl5 3/
xfd|f ljz]iftfx? M hgPstf ;dfh -cfjf;_ lgdf{0f cleofg dfgk'/–& ags§L -x]dGtk'/_sf ;'ljwfo'Qm gofF ;+ljwfgdf s'g d'2f ;d]6g\ ] lalu|G5 eGg] ;f]rfO{ gePsf]
!_ 3f]/fxL–t'n;Lk'/ ;8s cfjf;Lo 6'qmf -38]/L_x? ljqmL eO/x]sf 5g\ . ;dod} a's -vl/b_ u/L cfk\mgf] dfq xf]Og eGbf klg ;a} d'2fnfO{ ;d]6g\ ] k|of; xf]Og . o:tf r'gf}ltsf afah'b klg
-kLr_ af6 @ ;o ld6/ xfdLn] ug'k{ 5{ . tkfO{n] ;f]lwxfNg'eof] xfdL nflu/xg ;Sof} + eg]
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;d]t eljio ;'lglZrt u/f}+ . s'g d'2fnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg] ;Defjgfx? y'k}| e]l6G5g\ To;}n]
dfq leq .
@_ zxLb k| l ti7fg g] k fn 3f]/fxL–t'n;Lk'/ ;8s eGg] ;jfndf d eG5', k}t[s of] cfGbf]ngnfO{ cem ;zQm ?kdf
;“u;“u} hf]l8Psf] . ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg clwsf/ cufl8 a9fpg cfjZos 5 .
@)) ld6/ cufl8

x'gk' 5{ . c+z / a+zsf] clwsf/ 5f]/f k|:t'lt M zf/bf zdf{

#_ :s'n sn]hsf] glhs .
$_ ljB'tsf] kf]ndfq xf]Og cfunfuLaf6 aRg lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k p4f/
tf/;lxtsf] ljB' t Lo ;ldlt bfªsf] tkm{af6 hf/L lj1KtL
Joj:yf . xfn x'/Latf; / udL{sf] df};d ePsf] / of] ;dodf cfuf]sf] ;fgf] lemNsf]af6
%_ &÷* xftdf Ogf/df kfgL cfunfuLsf 7"nf–7"nf 36gfx? x'g hfg] / wghgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'g;Sg] ePsf]n]
pknAw x'g] . To;af6 aRg ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ lgDgcg';f/sf ;ts{tf ckgfpg lhNnf b}jL k|sf]k
^_ :jR5 Pjd\ ;'Gb/ 7fp“ . p4f/ ;ldlt ljz]if cg'/f]w ub{5 .
&_ k|yd 3/ lgdf{0fstf{nfO{ !_ ;nfO{, nfO6/, dl§t]n, Uof“;, d}gaQLh:tf cfuf]sf ;|ft] x?sf] k|of]u
9'ª\uf lk|m . hyfefjL?kdf gug]{ . k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ lgefpg] / afnaflnsfn]
;Dks{ kmf]g M
@ ^ @
*_ g]kfnL qmflGtsf dxfg\ ge]6fpg] :yfgdf dfq /fVg] . ;fy} cfk\mgf afnaflnsfnfO{ To:tf j:t' rnfp“bf
x'g ;Sg] 36gfx?sf] af/]df ;r]t u/fpg] .

@ ^ ^ @ @ ^
zxLbsf kl/jf/nfO{ @_ jgh+un jf 3/ jl/kl/ /x]sf bfp/f, 3f“;, k/fn, 5\jfnL cflbdf cfuf]
ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj:yf .
@–^ @ @@^
nfu]df 7"nf] wghg / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] Iflt x'g hfg] x'b“ f To:tf] kfOPdf glhssf]
(_ & ld6/ u| f j] n ;'/Iff lgsfo, :yfgLo lgsfo, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no cflbdf hfgsf/L u/fpg]
af6f]÷sRrL gfnf . / cfuf] lgefpg ;xof]u ug]{ . –k|dv' lhNnf clwsf/L
 jif{ !@, c+s !*, @)^^ r}q * ut] cfOtaf/ ^

Knl6ª M j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ls gjwgf9\osf] pbo <

ljsf; ePsf] b] l vG5 . /, ;dfwfgsf rsf{ ax; ePsf] ul/b}5 / ls;fg emg} dsf{df
;ftf ;dfrf/
bfª–;'vt{] ;8ssf] nflu dGqLnfO{ 8]lnu]zg
bfª÷
bfª÷bfª–;'v]{t ;8sv08 tTsfn lgdf{0f u/L sfnf]kq] ug'{kg]{ dfu;lxt
hdLgdf ;a}sf] ;dfg clwsf/ b]lvG5, Pp6f lgZsif{df k'Ubf kb} { 5 g\ . ;/sf/n] j} 1 flgs bfª, ;Nofg / ;'v]{tsf pBf]u Joj;foLx?sf] Ps 6f]nLn] ut a'waf/ gful/s
:yflkt /x] s f] lyof] / clxn] e"ldxLg ls;fgx?df yf]/} cfzf e"ld;'wf/ ug]{ eGb} cfPsf] 5 p88\og / ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqLnfO{ 8]lnu]zg a'emfPsf] 5 . bfª,
ljZjsf s}of} b]zx? cf}Bf]lus knfPsf] x'G5 . t/, lj8Djgf Û t/ Jojxf/df slxn] nfu" ug]{ < ;Nofg x'Fb} ;'v]{t hf]8\g] ;8ssf] :t/ pGglt ub}{ sfnf]kq] ug'{kg]{, ;'v]{t
/fi6«df kl/0ft eO;s] . xfd|f] ls;fgsf] ;d:of t s'/} 5f]8f}+ /fhgLlts bnx?n] a[xt zflGt ljdfg:ynsf] wfjg dfu{ lj:tf/ Pj+ sfnf]kq] ug'{kg]{ dfu;lxtsf] 1fkg kq
b]zsf] l;dfgf;Fu hf]l8Psf b'O{ ls;fg;Fu ePsf] / ef]urng ub}{ ;Demf}tf / cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pgLx?n] dGqLnfO{ a'emfPsf x'g\ .
7"nf /fi6« rLg / ef/tnfO{ x]¥of] cfPsf] hdLgnfO{ clxn] b]zel/ j} 1 flgs e" l d;' w f/ nfu" ug] { ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8\og dGqL z/bl;+x e08f/L, of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f
z/0f hL=Pd= eg] pgLx? xfdLeGbf s}of} u'0ff
cl3 km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf 5g\ .
hUufsf] Knl6ª ug]{ / To;nfO{
v08–v08 kf/] / a] R g] sfd
slyt ;Demf}tf u/]sf 5g\ . s]
hUufsf] bnfnLs/0fn] e"ld;'wf/
dGqL ljhos'df/ uR5]bf/ / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf pkfWoIf 8f= o'j/fh
vltj8f ;dIf ptm 1fkg kq a'emfOPsf] xf] . bfª pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf
of] ljZj a|Dxf08 / o;sf o;/L x]bf{ s'g} klg b]z / p;sf] eO/x] s f] 5 . dfcf] j fbLn] xf]nf t < ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf] cWoIf rGb|/fh kGt, ;Nofg pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf cWoIf >Lxl/x/ a'9fyf]sL,
ofjt\ yf]sx? o;} hutdf ePsf hgtfsf] ljsf; x'g] eGg] s'/f hgo'4sf] qmddf sAhf u/]sf] hUuf Knl6ªdf l;l4;s] k l5 ;'vt{] pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf dxf;lrj kbdaxfb'/ zfxL, ;8s l8lehg ;'vt{] sf
;a} k|f0fLx?sf] ;femf pkef]Qmf b]zsf] /fhg}lts cfly{s ljsf;n] hUufn] ls;fgnfO{ s]xL /fxt e" l dxLg ;' s ' D af;L ls;fg, OlGhlgo/ z]v/ of]uLnufotsf] 6f]nL 8]lnu]zgdf uPsf] lyof] .
j:t'x? x'g\ . k|f0fL hfltx?dWo] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . ldn] s f] lyof] . clxn] g] k fnL d'Qmsd}ofnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] hUuf
ljz] i f u/L xfdL dflg;x?sf] t/ xfd|f] b]z g]kfn Pp6f /fhgLlt zflGt k| l qmofdf g} ar]sf] 5}g . g]kfnsf bnx?;Fu hgtfn] cfkm} agfP df]6/af6f]
;femf ;DklQ xf] . k|s[ltk|bQ s[lif k|wfg b]z xf] . t}klg /ftlbg cfOk'Ubf e"ldxLg ls;fgsf] cfzf hUufsf] xbaGbLafx] s csf] { uLtf cf]nL, k'/Gwf/f÷
Gwf/f÷k'/Gwf/fsf] j8f g+= % 3§]vf]nfb]lv /fdk'/ a};/] L;Ddsf]
hn, h+ u n / hdLgdf dfgj d]xgt ug]{ >dhLjL ls;fgsf] k'gM lg/fzfdf ablnPsf] 5 . lxhf] ljsNk 5}g . hUufsf] cfsf/ s¶f % lsdL df]6/af6f] :yfgLoaf;Ln] cfk\mg} cfly{s nufgLdf lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ()
;d'bfosf] ;dfg xs clwsf/ xftdf hdLgsf] nfnk"hf{ g} 5}g sAhf ul/Psf hUufnfO{ olta]nf / w'/df uPkl5 xbaGbL slt 3/w'/L ;+Vofdf /x]sf oxfFsf :yfgLoafl;Gbfn] k|lt3/ # xhf/b]lv % xhf/;Ddsf]
x'gk' 5{ . k[YjLsf] lIflthdf lg/Gt/ / hf] Ps ldg]6 klg pTkfbgzLn slyt\ ls;fg / hldGbf/sf] If]qkmndf nfu" x'g] xf] < o;n] /sd ;+sng u/L # nfv %) xhf/sf] nufgLdf pQm df]6/af6f] lgdf{0f u/]sf
axg] xfjf, cfsfzaf6 jif{g] kfgL, sfd ub}{g p;Fu ;of}+ lj3f hdLg ;xdltsf] gfddf v] l tof] U o g] k fndf ;' s ' D af;L / ls;fg x'g\ . lgdf{0f sfo{ ;lsPkl5 ut laxLaf/ pb\3f6g ul/Psf] pQm df]6/af6f]df
3fd / rGb|dfsf] pHofnf]nfO{ 5 / p;n] hdLg ePs} cf8df hdLgnfO{ Knl6ª ub} { a:tL ;d:ofnfO{ emg\ pF r fO{ d f klxnf]k6s rfns k|sfz yfkfn] u!h @))$ gDa/sf] 6\ofS;L u'8fPsf lyP .
h;/L xfdLn] efuj08f ug{ s}of}+ ls;fgx?nfO{ zf]if0f bdg a;fNg] rnfvL ul/b}5, o;n] k'¥ofpg] 5 jgh+unsf] cltqmd0f rfns yfkfnfO{ :yfgLoaf;Ln] km"ndfnf nufP/ :jfut u/]sf lyP . lgdf{0f
;Sb}gf}+ To;/L g} h+un, hn / ul//x] s f] x' G 5 . g] k fnsf] e"ld ;d:of ;dfwfg t ub}{g k|lqmof emg\ a9\g]5 . ;ldltsf cWoIf df]xjL/ vqLsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg af6f] pb\3f6g sfo{qmd
hdLgnfO{ klg c+ z j08f ug{ ' olta]nfsf] d'Vo ;d:of eg]sf] g} . a? pN6} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?n] olta] n f ls;fgsf] dfgaxfb'/ cfn]sf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ePsf] lyof] .
xF'b}g . e"ld ;d:of xf] . hUuf k|s[lt ls;fgsf] ;dy{ g nfO{ u' d fpF b } e" l d;DaGwL ;d:of xn ug] {
dfgj hfltsf] pb\ljsf;sf] k|bQ lrh xf] o;df ;a} dfgj uPsf 5g\ . jfrf vfPsf kf6L{ s f sof} + lghL ljBfno ;fdflhs pQ/bfoL aGg'kg]{
r/0fnfO{ dfq cWoog u¥of}+ eg] hfltsf] ;dfg clwsf/ x'g'k5{ lxhf]b]lv b]vf kl//x]sf] e"ld sfo{stf{x? hUufsf] bnfnL ub}{ 3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷lghL ljBfnox? ;fdflhs pQ/bfoLsf] ljifo aGg'kg]{ wf/0ff
k|frLg ;dodf ljZjdf dfgj eGg] ul/G5 . t/ oxfF ;Lldt ;d:of xn ug{nfO{ /fhg}lts wg sdfpg] Wofgdf Jo:t 5g\ . Ps sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] /fv]sf 5g\ . lghL tyf cfjfzLo ljBfno
hlta]nf cfk\mgf] r]tgf:t/ sd JolQmx?sf] dfq jr{ Z j lsg kf6L{x?n] ljleGg ljrf/ /fVb} hUufsf] bnfnLs/0f / Knl6ª cu{gfOh];g -KofJ;g_ bfªsf] z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf ;DkGg !)cf}+ lhNnf ;efdf
lyof] Tof] a]nfdf s'g} lglZrt b]lvb} cfPsf] 5 < lsg clwsf+z cfPsf 5g\ . s;}n] qmflGtsf/L j} 1 flgs e" l d;' w f/ xf] O g a? jf]Ng] jQmfx?n] pQm wf/0ff /fv]sf x'g\ . KofA;gsf cWoIf s]zj yfkfsf]
af;:yfg lyPg / lkm/Gt] hLjg g]kfnLx? ef]sef]s} dg{ afWo 5g\ e"ld;'wf/sf] gfd lbPsf 5g\ t gjwgf9\ox?sf] pbo xf] . of] cWoIftfdf / g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofks n]vgfy cfrfo{sf] k|dv '
latfO/x] s f lyP t/ hlta] n f < Psflt/ b]z s[lif k|wfg b]zsf] s;}n] j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ . t/, lqmofsnfkn] ls;fg cfltYodf ;DkGg sfoqmddf jf]Ng] jQmfx?n] lghL ljBfnox? st{Jojfg
dflg; kz'kfngsf] Joj;fosf] ?kdf lrlgg] t/ clwsf+ z gf/f h] h:tf] ePtfklg cfGbf]ngnfO{ pkxf; dfq} u/]sf] eP/ nfu]klg /fHojf6 clwsf/ gkfPsf] jtfPsf lyP . jQmfx?n] JolQmTj
r/0fdf cfOk'Uof] clg p;n] s[lif JolQmx?;F u hdLg gx' g ' of] e"ldxLgx?sf] ;d:of Ho"FsfToF' 5} g , ls;fg cfGbf] n gsf ljsf;sf nflu ;+:yfut nufgL dxTjk"0f{ ePsf] rrf{ ub}{ lghL ljBfnonfO{
Joj;fo cFufNb} hfFbf pTkfbgsf] ljlrqsf] cGt/lj/f] w lsg < 5g\ . a? pg} s f sfo{ s tf{ x ? ;lxbx?sf] lvNnL p8fPsf] 5 . Joj;flos lzIffsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .
;fwgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] hdLgnfO{ sltko /fhg}lts bnx? dfq ls;fgn] ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf o;/L klg xfdL r'k nfu]/ a:of}+ sfo{qmddf lghL ljBfnonfO{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] k"j{cWoIf z/bs'df/ zdf{,
k|of]u ub}{ uP/ dflg;x?aLr xf] O g g] k fndf /x] s f ;a} hUufnfO{ tyfslyt ls;fg / eg] k' : tf} + k ' : tf e" l dxLg eP/ k"j{ s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf gf/fo0f clwsf/L, lbklzvf af]l8{ªsf z+s/ ls/0f l3ld/],
lghL ;DklQ ;+sng ug]{ k|j[lQ /fhg}lts bnx?n] e"ld ;d:of hldGbf/aLr ;xdlt ul/lbg] a:g]5f}+ t;y{ ls;fg, ;'s'Daf;L, cfOP; yfkf, kqsf/ ;ljg lk|of;g u/L % hgfnfO{ ;Ddfg ul/Psf] lyof] .
cufl8 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . ;dfwfg ug]{ k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub}{ axfgfdf ls;fgaf6 hUuf d' Q msd} o fx? hUuf bnfnLsf sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;lrj nDaf]w/ nfld5fg]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
dfgj hfltsf] pb\ l jsf; ls;fgx?nfO{ k|of]u ub}{ cfk\mgf] k' m TsfP/ ls t hdLgbf/nfO{ lj?4df p7\ g ' k 5{ / j} 1 flgs
qmdb]lv g} ;fgf] xf];\ of 7"nf] :jfy{ k " l t{ u/] s f] b] l vG5 . x:tfGt/0f ul/b} 5 ls t e"ld;'wf/ Jojxfl/s ?kdf nfu" gjkfn'jf afnklqsfsf] nf]sfk{0f
xf];\ /fHo ;~rfngsf] qmd klg ;/sf/leq e" l d ;d:of Knl6ªsf] gfddf hUufsf] bnfnL u/fO{ 5f8\g'k5{ . 3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷gjkfn'jf å}dfl;s afnklqsfsf] cf7f}+ c+s z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf Ps
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L nf]sfk{0f ul/Psf] 5 . /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf cWoIf

s] s/f}tL8fF8fdf …;'gÚ kmNg ;Sb}g < ;sf/fTds jf gsf/fTds kl/0ffd ;a};Fu dfu]sf] ;xof]uaf6 dfq} lsrnf] u/]/ k6sk6s ;xdlt /
k'?iff]Qd vgfn, ;flxTosf/x? lul//fh zdf{, k|n;] sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o kBdk|;fb zdf{,
n]vs ;+3 bfªsf k"jc { WoIf pQds[i0f dHu}ofF / k|n;] sf s]Gb|Lo kfif{b ;'/z] ;'dg
8f“uLn] ;+oQ' m?kdf klqsfsf] nf]sfk{0f ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . klqsfsf] ;dLIff ;flxTosf/
l6sf/fd pbf;Ln] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] afn;flxTonfO{
k|:km'6g ug{ ;a}n] Wofg lbg'kg]{ atfPsf lyP . jQmfx?n] afnaflnsfsf] dgf]lj1fgnfO{
xfF;/] ef]u/] ;fy lbPsf 5g\ . x/]s ;Dej 5 . cfGbf]ng ul//xg] r'gf}lt ca v8f Wofgdf /fv]/ ;flxTo ;[hgf ug'k{ g]{ wf/0ff JoQm u/]sf lyP .
If]qdf ljsf; ePdf ToxL cg';f/ ca ls6gfzs cf}iflwsf s'/f ePsf] 5 . ;fFRr} ljsf; eof] eg] /fKtL ;flxTo kl/ifb\sf cWoIf k'?iff]Qd vgfnsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg
kmf]x/ klg t a9\b} hfG5 . sn]h, cfPsf 5g\ . gu/kflnsfsf kmf]x/ ko{6s cfpF5 . kfgL, af6f], ;~rf/, sfo{qmddf cu|h ;flxTosf/ lul//fh zdf{, klqsfsf cltly ;Dkfbs 8f= uf]ljGb
c:ktfn, pBf]u, snfsf/vfgf kmfNg] sd{rf/L klg dfG5] x'g\ . aQL clg lgoldt cf}iflw 5s]/{ cfrfo{, klqsfsf ;Nnfxsf/ lgTofgGb zdf{, ;flxTosf/x? kBdk|;fb zdf{,
;a}af6 kmf]x/ klg cfpF5 . ljsf; lar/fx? laxfg c? dfG5] ;kmf ;/;kmfO{ ug]{, kmf]x/nfO{ 5fg]/ pQds[i0f dHu}o+ f“, sdndl0f b]jsf]6f, dx]Gb| dxs, >Ls[i0f klys, gu]Gb| u'?,
b'|t ultdf cufl8 a9\bf s;}n] xfjf vf]Hg ;8sdf bf}8G5g\ . sDkf]i6 dn tof/ ug],{ ;a} sfddf kqsf/x? pbo hLPd, z/b clwsf/L, ;'bz{g l/hfn, /fdk|;fb kf}8n ] nufotn]
uf]ljGb v8\sf rf]sdf 3/ agfpg] cj;/ kfpnf, afSnf xl/of h+ u nlt/ cfF v f ( gDa/sf afl;GbfnfO{ k|ToIf af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . klqsfsf k|wfg;Dkfbs s]Pn kLl8tsf] :jfut dGtJoaf6
sltsf 3/ sfof{no ag]sf xf]nfg\ . bf}8fP/ :jR5 :j:y aGg vf]H5g\ . ;xefuL u/fO{ nfeflGjt agfpg] z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng klqsfsf ;Dkfbg ;xof]uL kf08jk|;fb zdf{n]
3f] / fxL ahf/sf] kmf] x / t/, ahf/ ljsf;sf] gsf/fTds t/ pgLx? eg] k'/fgf] gwf]Psf] clg kmNb}g ;'g < ug'e{ Psf] lyof] eg] ;xefuLnfO{ ;l/tf Gof}kfg]n] wGojfb 1fkg ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
Joj:yfkg ub}{ cfPsf] s/f}tL8fF8f kf6f] xf] afWo eP/ ;xg' klg df:s nufP/ xftn] ahf/sf] kmf]x/ d}n] ;'g] Ps hgf a'9f afsf]
Nof08lkmn;fO6sf] ljifo clxn] clgjfo{ 5 t/ pknlAw s] t < p7fO/x]sf x'G5g\ . s] lj1fgsf] d' v af6 sl/a @ lj3f hUuf gu/sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ;a} nfUg'kg]{
lgs} rsf] { ? kdf p7] s f] 5 . of] 8fF8f kmf]x/Lsf] xf]Og ToxfF of] b'lgofFdf kmf]x/ p7fpg] d]lzgsf] cltqmd0f ePsf] 5 /] . To;df 3f]/fxL÷
fxL÷gu/kflnsfsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ;a}n] ;sf/fTds kxn ug'k{ g]{
Nof08lkmn;fO6df slxn] tfnf ;'g kmNg ;Sg] ;Defjgf af]ss ] f] ljsf; ePsf] 5}g < 5 3f]/fxL klg Ps hgfn] t emg\ sl/a Ps Ps sfo{qmdsf jQmfn] hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfn] z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf
v'N5 t slxn] aGb x'G5 . clxn] 5 . o;cl3 jLaL;L g]kfnL ;]jfn] gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t lj3f s'DNofpg' ePsf] 5 /] c? cfof]hgf u/]sf] gu/ Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu n]vfhf]vf sfo{qmdcGt{utsf] ljrf/
s/f}tL8fF8fnfO{ kmf]x/ kmfNg] 8fF8fs} klg k|;f/0f u/]sf] ;'gs ] f] lyPF . xl/k|;fb kf08] eG5g\ Nofpg] ;f]r F $÷% hgfn] Ps lj3f . *^ lj3f uf]i7Ldf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] To:tf] hf]8 lbPsf x'g\ . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L
?kdf ljsf; ug]{ ls s'g} nfe g]kfnsf ;a} ;~rf/dfWofd / 5 . pgnfO{ klg kmf]x/ a]Nrfn] !@ s7f !( w'/ hUufdf qmdzM clws[t xl/k|;fb kf08]sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGGf sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] gu/kflnsf
lng ;lsG5 eg]/ jftf{ / ax; ;~rf/sdL{nfO{ yfxf 5 . of] a]nfdf tfg]sf] km?jfn] l3;f/]sf] b]Vbf bof cltqmd0f ub}{ ;Sg] ;kgf x'g ;S5 Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu ;a}n] kxn ug'k{ g{] atfPsf lyP . ;fd"lxs of]hgf
z'? ePsf] 5 . xfdL klg To; xfdLnfO{ dfd rflxPsf] 5, bfd hfU5 /] t/ ah]6 5}g s;/L] aG5 . eGg] s'/f klg cfof] . JolQmut lgdf{0fdf nfu] gu/sf] Ifdtf ljsf; x'gd] f jQmfx?n] hf]8 lbPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf
ljifodf ;xefuL aGg h?/L 5 . sdfpg' k/] s f] 5 . t/, kf08] klg gu/kflnsfsf afl;Gbf :jfy{sf nflu olt lgr ag]/ l;+uf] ljleGg ;d"xx? lgdf{0f u/L gu/ Ifdtfaf/] 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf
3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+= k"h
F Lkltx?nfO{ gfddfq rflxPsf] x'g\ . gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;kmf /fVg / bfªsf] uf}/jdf cfFr cfpg] sfd gu/ Ifdtf n]vfhf]vf sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs s[i0fk|;fb nD;fnn] k|lzIf0f lbg'ePsf]
( sf afl;Gbfn] gu/kflnsfsf] 5 . pgLx? hxfFaf6 lrlgg ;lsG5 ;a} j8fnfO{ ljsf; ePsf] b]Vg gu/] x'GYof] ls < #) lj3fsf] If]qdf lyof] eg] sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng ;'af]w /]UdLn] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDdf ToxL tflgG5g\ . k};fsf] s'g} h?/t /x/ 5 . clg ;a} e Gbf pQd kmf]x/ kmfNg ;lsg] Tof] Ps ;o
lnPsf 5g\ . 3f]/fxL ahf/nfO{ ;kmf 5}g . Tof] s/f}t+ L 8fF8fdf tfGg ;s] gu/kflnsf eg]/ b]vfpg dg 5 . krf; jif{ ; Ddsf] c6fpg ;xsf/L lbj; dgfOg]
zx/ agfpgdf pgLx?n] v]ns ] f] xfdLn] ;'g kmnfpg lsg ;Sb}gf}F < t/ ah]6 5}g . ;lsg] 5 . To;f] eP afnfh' bfª÷
bfª÷l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no bfªn] oxL r}q @) ut] %# cf}+ /fli6«o
e"ldsfsf] ;a} If]qaf6 ;Ddfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ hxfF e|i6frf/L / ;dfwfgsf] af6f] klg 5 . Tof] cf}Bf]lus If]qn] dfu]sf] rfln; ;xsf/L lbj; bfªdf klg dgfOg] ePsf] 5 . l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{nosf k|dv '
h?/L 5 . h;n] ljsf; x'bF } u/]sf] t:s/x?sf] a9\ b f] hdft 5 . hUufnfO{ gu/kflnsfsf] :jfldTjdf lj3f If]q lbP/ pBf]usf] ljsf; gf/fo0fk|;fb >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf z'qmjf/ 3f]/fxLdf a;]sf] a}7sn] /fli6«o ;xsf/L
zx/sf lx:;]bf/sf] ?kdf cfk"mnfO{ hgtfaf6 p7]sf] s/ hgtfsf] nflu Nofpg] ljb]zL bft[ lgsfonfO{ u/f}F . PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf ;]qm]6/L lbj; dgfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . a}7sn] ;xsf/L lbj;sf] cj;/df /fKtL
uf}/j ug{k' b{Yof] t/ ahf/sf dfG5]n] eg]/ ;/sf/df uPsfx?n] ljb]z ;xof]u dfu]/ ;a} ljsf; ug]{ . s;}n] ljZj/fh cfrfo{n] eg] h:t} Pp6f pkIf]qLo c:ktfnsf la/fdLnfO{ kmnkm"n ljt/0f ug],{ ;xsf/L;DalGw sljtf
v'§fn] s'Nr]sf]] kmf]x/ xfdLn] 5fltdf e|d0f / df]hd:tLdf p8fO;s]sf af6f] agfpnf, s;}n] hgtfsf nflu Kofs]hdf ;xdlt u/f}F . c? j8fsf k|ltof]lutf ug],{ j[xt?kdf ¥ofnL / ;ef ug]n{ ufotsf lg0f{ox? u/]sf] 5 .
af]s/] lx8]sf 5f}F eGg] lxgtfsf] 5g\ . hgtf eg] xfdLn] lbPsf xf}F c:ktfn agfpnf t st}af6 lj?jf afl;Gbfn] kmf] x / Joj:yfkg
cg'et" u/fpg] Jojxf/ ePsf 5g\ .
sxfF s;af6 lsg eP vf]hLsf] ljifo
5 eg]/ x8\tfn tfnfaGbL u/]/ dfu
ul//xG5g\\ . cfpFbg} lsgeg] 5}g .
/f]lkPnf lsg clxn] ePg t <
pgLx?;Fu dfu ug{ cg'bfg bvf{:t
u/]afkt yk ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ . af6f]
lkr, kfgLsf] ;'ljwf, 6]lnkmf]g / ljljw 1fg–lj1fg
aGg h?/L 5 . pgLx? eG5g\ …a? ;a} s'/f ljb]zLsf] e/ kg'k{ 5{ clg kmf/d, hUufwgL k|df0f k'hf{, ;fO{6 ljB't nfOgh:tf cltcfjZos ! dflg;sf] 6fpsfdf em08} Psnfv /f}x? /x]sf x'G5g\ .
xfdL s] ;xof]u ug'k{ 5{ tof/ 5f}F . dfq} d'vdf df8 k:g ;S5 . To;}n] Knfg / nf]sz ] g Knfgh:tf k'jf{wf/ lrh pknJw u/fpg tTsfn kxn @ hLjge/ kfgL gvfO{ afFRg] hgfj/ 5]kf/f] xf] .
xfdLnfO{ gu/kflnsfn] lbg] ah]6 s/f}tL8fF8fsf hgtfn] gu/kflnsfsf] cfjZos k5{ . of] zt{ k"/f u/]kl5 ug'{k5{ . clg cf]]t nfUg] hdLg # ljZjsf] ;a} eGbf pRr :yfgdf /x]sf] dfgj j:tL eg]/
cfwf kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgdf nufgL cg'el" t ug]{ xf] eg] ;xh tl/sfn] gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;+:yfx? 5}g eg] ;'sD' jf;Lsf] ln:6df kf/]/ 8f]Nkfsf] 5fsf] ef]6nfO{ lrlgG5 eg] r'/] kj{tsf] ;a} eGbf
ug{ ;S5f}F t/ xfdL kmf]x/ af]s/] kmf]x/nfO{ Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u cft'/ eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . b'l' gofFdf hldg lbg'k5{ . t/, /fhwfgL aGb} cUnf] 6fs'/f ePsf] lhNnf s}nfnL xf] .
b'lgofF;fd' lrlgg rfxGgf}F . kmf]x/ ug'k{ 5{ . Tof] s'g} ahf/ If]q aGof] rrf{ kfPsf] 7fpFdf sfd ug{ kfpFbf u/]sf] 3f]/fxLsf] dxfg\ ;Defjgfdf $ emf]n'+u] k'nsf] lhNnf eg]/ lrlgg] lhNnf afUn'ª xf] .
Joj:yfkgsf nflu c? sf]xL j8f eg] jf cf}Bf]lus If]q aGof] eg] pgLx?sf] klg b'lgofFdf l56f] rrf{ tuf/f] aGg] sfd sf]xL s;}af6 %= g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnLdf g]kfnL ljifonfO{ clgjfo{ u/fpg]
tof/ x'g ;S5 <Ú oxL 5 ToxfFsf klg t kmf]x/ cfpnf . clxn] h:tf] x'G5 . Tof] lbg xfdL tof/ x'g] ls ul/g' x'Fb}g . JolQm nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f x'g\ .
:yfgLojf;Lsf] dfu . ufpF geO{ ahf/ aGg ;S5 Tolta]nf ^= bz/y /+uzfnfdf k|yd /fli6«o v]ns'b @)#* efb| @&
3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf dfq xf]Og kmf]x/ af]s/] ( gDa/sf afl;Gbf gu/kflnsfn] ;'sD' af;LnfO{ hUuf lbg] ut]b]lv c;f]h $ ut];Dd ePsf] lyof] .
& dflg;sf] z/L/df ;a}eGbf a9L kfOg] tTj km:kmf]/; xf] .
dxfgu/kflnsf x'gk' /]sf] 5 . clxn] sxfF hfG5g\ < aRrf gs/fP b'w bfª÷
bfª÷3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfn] gu/df ePsf jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ klxrfg
emg\ b]z ;+3Lo u0f/fHodf hfg] vfg kfpFbg} kL8f ePklg tFnfO{ s] u/L pgLx?nfO{ gu/df ePsf] hUufaf6 Joj:yfkg ug]{ gLltut lg0f{o u/]sf] *= df}/Lsf] kfFrj6f cfFvf x'G5g\ .
ax; rln/x]sf] a]nf 3f]/fxLnfO{ eof] eg]/ ;f]Wg]jfnf sf]xL 5}g . hgfPsf] 5 . 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sf/L clws[t xl/k|;fb kf08]n] lbPsf] (= sDKo"6/nfO{ a|f08sf cfwf/df tLg ls;Lddf ljefhg ug{
;+3Lo /fhwfgLsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] c? j8fsf] ljsf; ah]6eGbf a9L hfgsf/L cg';f/ kmfu'g @* ut] a;]sf] gu/kflnsfsf] af]8{ j}7sn] lg0f{o u/]kl5 ;lsG5 . h;df cfO{aLPd kL;L, cfO{aLPd kL;L
5 . s] Tof] s' / fn] 3f] / fxL dfUg h?/L 5 . ef]ln Jofkf/ #) lbgleq cfkm"n] hf]tef]u u/]sf] hldgsf] ljj/0f a'emfpg ;a}df ;"rgf hf/L sDKofl6an / PKkn÷DoflsG6f] ; xf] .
gu/kflnsfsf] sf]xL afl;Gbf v'zL Joj;fo ubf{ kmf]x/ kmfNg] 7fpFdf ul/Psf] 5 . s;}sf] cfwf hdLg gfkL ePsf] / s]xL P]nfgL /x]sf] ePklg ;a} !) hfkfgsf] cy{ åLkdfnf xf] .
5} g f} F eGg ;S5 < of] xf] ls dxfdf/L km} n G5 eg] / hUuf ljj/0f v'nfP/ kmf/d eg{ elgPsf] 5 . jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;L ePsf] klxrfg !!= …ljtfsf] klg sljÚ eg]/ P8d08 :k]G;/ ;/nfO{ elgG5 .
ePdf gu/kflnsfn] hUuf lbg kxn ug{] ePsf] 5 . !@= ;fs{ ljsf; sf]ifsf] ;lrjfno e'6fg fgdf 5 .
3f]/fxLdf ljsf; rflxPsf] 5 . lsga]r;d]t gx'g ;S5 . To;sf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfn] ;'sD' af;Lsf cfkm\g} vfnsf tYofÍ NofPklg tL tYodf
h:tf];s ' } cj:yf cfPklg ljsf; nflu cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; cfwfl/t 5}gg\ . o;cl3 e"ld clwsf/ d~rn] a'emfPsf] tYofÍdf sl/a ^ ;osf]
!#= ;fª\nf] gfds hLjsf] /ut ;]tf] x'G5 .
lgdf{0fsf ;a} k'jf{wf/ :yfkgf ug{ / ;du|?kdf k|efj If]qsf] ljsf; ;+Vof a'emfPklg To;df klg ;a} ;'sD' jf;L gePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] egfO{ 5 . 6«flkms !$= Pp6f v'6f ;of}+ xft, ;of}+ xftdf xhf/f}+ kft s] xf] < – ?v
g]tfx? nfu]sf 5g\, hgtfn] ;fy clgjfo{ zt{ x' g ' k 5{ . g] k fn tnlt/, s6'jfvf]nf, rf}3/] fnufot ljleGg 7fpFdf P]nfgL klt{ hUufdf kfn 6x/fdfq !%= /f]O/xg' eGbf ufO/xg' lgsf]– r'k nfu]/ a:g'eGbf
lbPsf 5g\ . To;af6 cfpg] ;/sf/;Fu lsrnf]dfq u/]/ xf]Og geO{ 7"N7"nf 3/ agfP/ ;'sD' af;Lsf gfddf hUufjfnfx? a:b} cfPsf 5g\ . dgdf kL/ gkfg]{ s'g} g s'g} /fd|f] sfd ul//xg' a]; .
 jif{ !@, c+s !*, @)^^ r}q * ut] cfOtaf/ &

st} ejg lgdf{0f, st} ejgsf] cefjdf rf}/df k9fO{

lj/axfb'/ dNn÷?s'd / cleefjsx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf rf} / df k7gkf7g ug' { k /] s f] 5g\ . To;}u/L lgDg dfWolds 3f]/fxL÷
;dfrf/ ljljw
/IffdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf dfu
fxL÷/IffdGqL ljBf e08f/Ln] alb{ofdf xTof ul/Psf tLg blnt
?s'dsf] k"jL{ sfFqmL uflj;df /x]sf] lyof] . s'g} klg ljsf;sf] sfd ljBfnosf k|c s0f{axfb'/ k'gn] ljBfno ljhoZj/Lsf] tLg sf]7] dlxnfnfO{ lzsf/L eg]/ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 lbPsf] cleJolQm l;+uf] dlxnfnfO{
/x]sf] l;4rf}/ pRr dfWolds ubf{ c?sf] d'v x]//] a:g] k|jl[ Q;fd' hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . sIff Psb]lv ejg klg xfn hL0f{ cj:yfdf u/]sf] ckdfg dfq geO{ ;a}eGbf a9L dlxnf lx+;f ug]{ lgsfo /fHo ePsf] Ps
ljBfno n'sd' df sl/a !# nfvsf] ToxfF s f :yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n] ;ft;Dd ;~rflnt pQm ljBfnodf k'us
] f] 5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] lgZsif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . kqsf/ dlxnf d~r bfª
nufgLdf ^ sf]7] ejg lgdf{0f ePsf] pbfx/0fLo sfd u/]/ b]vfPsf 5g\ . l;ljg g]kfnåf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf @ ?s'dsf] ;xof]udf @)$@ ;fndf / cf]/s] g]kfn bfªn] z'qmaf/ 3f]/fxLdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] …dlxnf lx+;f lgoGq0fdf
5 . ljBfno ejgsf] cefjdf ptf ?s'd :ofnfkfvf uflj;sf] sf]7] ejg afx]s c? ejgx? hL0f{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] pQm ejgsf] 5fgfsf ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?sf] e"ldsfÚ ljifos cGt/s[of sfo{qmdsf jQmfx?n] dlxnf
ljBfyL{ x ?nfO{ k7gkf7g ug{ ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] lgDg dfWolds cj:yfdf /x]klg ejg lgdf{0f tyf bf/x? s' l xPkl5 ejg hL0f{ g]t[af6} lx+;f x'g'h:tf] cGofo c? x'g ;Sb}g eGb} g}ltstfsf cfwf/df
c;xh eO/x]sf a]nf :yfgLo ljBfnodf eg] ejgsf] cefj x'bF f dd{ttkm{ ;/f]sf/jfnfn] Wofg cj:yfdf k'us ] f] xf] . ljBfnosf] tTsfn /fhLgfdf lbg dfu u/]sf 5g\ .
afl;Gbfx?sf] ;lqmotfdf ^ sf]7] ljBfyL{x? rf}/df a;]/ k7gkf7g glbPsf] :yfgLojf;Lx?sf] u'gf;f] ejg hL0f{ ePkl5 ljBfnodf kqsf/ dlxnf d~rsf cWoIf ;'zLnf cfrfo{sf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf
ejg lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ . :ofnfkfvfdf /x]sf] 5 . ltghgf lzIfs b/aGbL ;~rflnt afn lzIff / sIff ! df PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL yf?jfg /fHo;ldlt ;b:o ;'wf /]UdL, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf
:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] >dbfgaf6 /x]sf] lgDg dfWolds ljBfnosf /x]sf] pQm ljBfnodf tLg ;oeGbf cWoog/t afnaflnsfx? Pp6} sfg'gL clws[t pdfsfGt kf}8n ] , dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?sf] ;~hfnsf
# nfv *% xhf/, uflj;sf] ! nfv b'Oj{ 6f ejg hL0f{ eO{ elTsPkl5 a9L ljBfyL{x?n] cWoog ul//x]sf sIffdf k9\g afWo ePsf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo ;b:o nIdL cfrfo{, ;flxTosf/ lul//fh zdf{, g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf
%) xhf/, cfly{s ;ldltsf] ! nfv cWoIf k|tfk /]UdL, gful/s ;dfhsf rGb|/fh kGt, af/sf cf]deQm 8fFuLnufotn]
^) xhf/ / lhlj; ?s'dsf] * nfv
^) xhf/ u/L s/La !# nfv cfly{s
nufgLdf ejg lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf]
wgf{ uflj;df pGgt wfg v]tL ul/b} cf–cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . zf/bf zdf{sf] :jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf]
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng cf]/s ] g]kfnsf lgldQ lhNnf ;+of]hs kbdf rf}w/L ug'e{ Psf]
lyof] eg] ;xefuLnfO{ /l~htf zdf{n] wGojfb lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
xf] . To:t} l;4fy{ hgtf pRr
dfWolds ljBfno dUdf ?s'ddf
hgs g]kfnL÷bfª
wgf{ uflj;sf s[ifsx?n] pGgt
wfg tyf t/sf/L v]tLsf] z'?jft
pGgt wfg tyf t/sf/L v]tLsf]
z'?jft u/]sf x'g\ . sfl/tf; g]kfnn]
t/sf/L v]tL ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . ut
jif{ klg t/sf/L v]tLaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL afnd}qL ufp“ 3f]if0ff ug'k{ g]{
:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] s/La %) xhf/ bfª, afF s ,] alb{ o f, s} n fnL / ePkl5 ToxfFsf ls;fgx? a]df};dL L÷r}nfxL uflj;sf s]xL ufpFnfO{ gd"gfsf] ?kdf
;'/z] s'df/ rf}w/L, b]pv'/L÷
u/]sf 5g\ . sfl/tf; g]kfnsf] gjnk/f;L ul/ hDdf @% lhNnfdf wfg v]tL ug{ tlNng b]lvPsf 5g\ . ljsf; ug{ afnd}qL gd'gf ufpF 3f]if0ff ug'k{ g]{ Ps cGt{lqmof sfo{qmddf af]Ng]
a/fa/sf] cfly{s nufgLdf ljBfno ;xof]u tyf dfgj sNof0f tyf jQmfx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . j]; ;+:yfn] z'qmaf/ b]pv'/Lsf] r}nfxLdf cfof]hgf u/]sf]
ejg lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ejg of] wfg v]tL sfo{qmd nfu' u/]sf] a]df};dL wfg v]tLnfO{ lhNnfd} gd'gf
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f s]Gb|sf] cfof]hgfdf sfo{qmd ;+of]hs lul//fh b]jsf]6fn] agfpg] of]hgf /x]sf] ;+:yfsL ;b:o afnd}qL gd"gf ufpF ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] To:tf]
lgdf{0f sfo{df ljBfnosf lzIfs, wgf{ uflj; jf8{ g+= @ df :yfkgf atfPsf x'g\ . ;+:yfsf cWoIf lbks rf}w/Lsf] cWoIftf / r}nfxL uflj; ;lrj
ljBfyL{ ljBfnoglhs} /x]sf] ljzfn hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . /fHo kIfaf6 d~h' 3tL{n] atfpg' eof] . r}tsf]
ul/Psf] gf}nf] ljxfgL cfOkLPd s[ifs kl5 kfl/Psfx?sf lglDt pQm bf]>f] xKtf;Dddf wfg /f]kL ;Sg] j'l4dfg rf}w/Lsf] k|dv ' cfltYodf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf af]Ng] jQmfx?n] uflj;
ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:o kf7zfnfdfkm{t\ ToxfFsf ls;fgx?n] leqsf s]xL gd"gfsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'k{ g],{ ufpFnfO{ afnd}qL ufpF 3f]if0ff ug'k{ g]{
sfo{ q md NofOPsf] b] j sf] 6 fn] of]hgf /x]sf] 3tL{n] hfgsf/L
hgfpg'eof] . lbg'eof] . ca pGgt hftsf jLp atfPsf lyP . sfo{qmddf :jfg ;+:yfsf lgb]z{ s efuL/fd rf}w/L, yf? sNof0fsfl/0fL
xflb{s awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] tLg
dlxgfkl5 ;+/If0f s]Gb|n] s[ifsx?nfO{
pTkfbg u/L ljqmL ljt/0f ug]{ nIo
/x]sf] pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . pGgt wfg
;efsf lx/fnfn rf}w/L, xf]6n Joj;foL ;+3sf tf/fk|;fb vgfn, sf+u;]| sf 7fs'/k|;fb
kf08], Pdfn]sf jL/axfb'/ s];L, /fhdf]sf lbnLk vgfn, ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs
d~rsf l;tf/fd rf}w/L, lzIfsx? xl/s[i0f clwsf/L, s[i0f rf}w/L, ;/f]h
rflxg] jLpjLhg pknJw u/fPkl5 v]tLaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL x'g] cfzf /fv]sf rf}w/Lnufotn] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;+:yfsf :f+of]hs lj/jn rf}w/Lsf] :jfut
pGgt wfg tyf t/sf/L v]tLsf] ;+:yfsf @( hgf ;b:ox?n] g} wfgsf] dGtJojf6 z'? ePsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;+rfng pdf rf}w/Ln] ug'e{ Psf] lyof] .
;'?jft ul/Psf] xf] . s'n @( hgf ljpsf] x]/rfx ug]{ u/]sf] ;b:o d~h'
;b:o ;f] ;+:yfsf ;a} ;b:ox?n] 3tL{n] jtfpg'eof] . s0ff{nL gbLdf a; v:bf ## hgfsf] d[To'
8f= nf]s/fh b'uf{k|;fb ?knfn l;+xaxfb'/
gd"gf ufpF agfpg o'jfx? ;lqmo ;'v]{t÷÷sflnsf]6af6 ;'v]{t cfp“b} u/]sf] gf # v %*^* gDj/sf] a;
b}n]vsf] lv8\sLHo"nf glhs}sf] ls6'–r'Os] le/af6 s0ff{nL gbLdf v:bf ##
hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . sflnsf]6af6 cfp“bf #! hgfsf] rnfgL NofPsf] pQm
k/fh'nL e';fn b;f}+bL /f]sf kf÷…lbzf/lxt 7fpF, w'jfF/lxt
/f]Nkf÷ xf]6n
] , Ps 6f]n Ps ljBfnonufotsf a;df aLr aLrdf u/L $* hgfeGbf a9L ofq' r9]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
ufpFÚ eGg] d"n gf/fsf ;fy /f]Nkf lhNnf gf/f;lxt ToxfFsf o'jfx? gf/f k"/f ug{ ;8s Psbd} ;f“3'/f] ePsf] / psfnf]df :6]l/ª km]n ePsf sf/0f uf8L b'O{ ;o
o; ;ldltsf sd{rf/Lx? n]vf clws[t h}dfs;nf uflj;sf o'jfx? cfˆgf] lbg/ft vl6/x]sf 5g\ . To;sf ;fy} ld6/ tn gbLdf v;]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .
ufpFnfO{ gd"gf ufpF agfpg nfluk/]sf u|fdL0f af6f] ;'wf/, ;8s, kz' :jf:Yo, b'36{ gfkl5 sflnsf]6sL ;efifb\ lwl/Gb|f pkfWofosf] g]tT[ jdf uPsf dfcf]jfbLsf
8f= nf]s/fh k/fh'nL, a'lsª O~rfh{ 5g\ . h}ds;nf uflj; j8f g+= $ x'nfs tyf ;'/Iffnufotsf] Joj:yf klg sfo{stf{x?, If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no ;'vt{] / b}nv ] /fsdaf6 uPsf k|x/Lx? tyf
b' u f{ k | ; fb e' ; fn, O~rfh{x? ?knfn kf]jfªsf o'jfx? ljut )^@ ;fnb]lv ldnfO{ ;s]sf] o'jfx?sf] egfO{ 5 . :yfgLo jfl;Gbf p4f/ sfo{df ;DnUg ePsf lyP . ;8saf6 l;w} gbLdf
b;f}+bL -/fh'_, / l;+xaxfb'/ /f]sf g]kfn ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u
lnP/ cfˆgf] ufpFnfO{ gd"gf ufpF agfpg
k|To]s 3/df rkL{ / ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
lgdf{0f u/]kl5 kmf]x/ / w'nf] w'jfFaf6
v;]sf] a;af6 Pshgf ofqL dfq pq]/ 3fOt] cj:yfd} kf}8]/ af“Rg ;kmn
oftfoft :jtGq dhb"/ ;+u7gsf] t];|f] c~rn nfluk/] s f 5g\ . lxdfn k' g sf] u|l;t ;dfhn] d'lQm kfPsf] Snasf]
ePsf lyP . @)^$ j}zfvb]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] s0ff{nL /fhdfu{df clxn];Dd
clwj] z gkZrft bf] ; | f ] a} 7 saf6 jl/i7 cWoIftfdf u7g ul/Psf] ah'w/' L o'jf bfjL 5 . /f]Nkf kf]jfª ufpFsf o'jfx?h:t} 6«s, 6\ofS6/ / lhk u/L ! ;o %) eGbf a9L ;jf/L ;fwg b'36{ gfdf kl/;s]sf
5g\ . To:t} o;cl3 ljleGg b'3{6gfdf k/L o; /fhdfu{df %) hgfeGbf a9Lsf]
;Nnfxsf/ ;b:ox?df lglj{ / f] w lgjf{ l rt Snjsf o'jfx?n] lh6Lh]8 /f]Nkf / dln{g ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{df nfUg] xf] / o'jfx?sf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . t/, Ps}rf]6L olt w]/} hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] of] klxnf] k6s
g]kfn /f]Nkfnufotsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;xof]u andf a'9fkfsfsf] a'l4 yKg]] xf] eg]
x' g ' e Psf] d f pxf“ x ?sf] sfo{ s fnsf] ;kmntfsf] lnO{ k|To]s 3/df rkL{ / ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] kf]jfª ufpFdfq xf]Og, gofF g]kfn gd"gf xf] . lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd oftfoftaf6 jl~rt /x]sf] s0ff{nLdf )^$ j}zfvdf
sfdgf ub}{ xflb{s awfO{ 1fkg ub{5f}+ . lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L Ps g]kfnsf] ?kd} lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] oftfoft k'u] klg of] /fhdfu{ ^ dlxgfdfq ;~rfngdf cfp“5 . y'k|} 7fp“df
klx/f] hfg] / le/fnf] ;8ssf sf/0f of] /fhdfu{ cj?4 eO/xG5 . ;fy}
lht]Gb|axfb / zfx -cWoIf_
3/, Ps vfg] kfgL wf/f, Ps 3/, Ps pbfx/0f oxfFsf o'jfx?n] lbPsf 5g\ .
clwsf+z ;8ssf] efu b'O{ ld6/eGbf a9L gePsf]n] oxf“ oftfoft ;~rfng
bfp/f rflxof] eg] xfdL 5“b5
} f}+ . ug{ lgs} ufx|f] oftfoft Joj;foLx? atfp“5g\ .
Pj+ xfdLsxf“ uf]lnof sf7, l:6k bfp/f ;'ky d"Nodf kfOg'sf ;fy} u|fxs
/fKtL c~rn ;fj{hlgs oftfoft ju{n] vl/b ug]{ %) So"lkm6eGbf dflysf] lr/fg / b'O;{ o s]hLeGbf a9Lsf]
l:6k bfp/f rfx]df %) k|ltzt ef8fdf 5'6;lxt ljqmL eO/x]sf] 5 .
cfsif{s 38]/L laqmLdf
3f]/fxL /tgk'/rf]sb]lv @)) ld6/ blIf0fdf kg]{ :t/Lo
Joj;foL ;ldlt kl/jf/ k|f=] lnnfw/ s];L
dfkb08sf, aQL, kfgLsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] cfsif{s 38]/Lx? laqmLdf
t' n ;Lk' / , bfª dfpG6 Pe/]i6 sfi7 pBf]u ;f=ls=g+ = $# 5g\ . rfF8} ;Dks{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{
f]

t'n;Lk'/–( bf]3/], bfª kmf]g (*%&*@)!&% b lI f0 f

af6

ljz]if 5'6 lbOg] 5 .

k"j{

3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf sfof{no ;Dks{ M

3f]/fxL, bfª cfsif{s 38]/L b]jG] b| s]=;L=–(*%&*@)$!(
;"rgf Û ;"rgf ÛÛ ;"rgf ÛÛÛ laqmLdf v]d/fh jnL–(*$&*#))))
3f]/fxL–ndxL lkr ;8s;Fu} hf]l8Psf]
3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf IF]qleqsf] ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs hUufdf kSsL vu]Gb| a:g]t–(*%&*@!!(&
ju{b jfdf cfsif{s cfjf;Lo 38]/Lx?
3/, sRrL 3/ tyf 6x/f lgdf{0f u/L a;f]af; ub}{ cfpg'ePsf e"ldxLg k lZ r d

wdfwd laqmL eO/x]sf 5g\ . df3

;'sD' af;Lx?sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug]{ u/fpg] egL @)^^ ;fn kmfNu'g
d;fGt;Dd lng]nfO{ ljz]if 5 6sf]
@* ut] a;]sf] gu/kflnsf af]8{ a}7saf6 gLltut lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . pQ/
pQm lg0f{ofg';f/ 3f]/fxL gu/kflnsf If]qleq ;/sf/L ;fj{hlgs pQ/
hUufdf 3/ tyf 6x/f lgdf{0f u/L a:b} cfpg'ePsf / ;/sf/L Joj:yf 5 . Rofp vfg'xf];\ :j:y /xg'xf];\ .
;fj{hlgs hUuf ef]urng ub}{ cfpg'ePsf gu/af;Lx?n] of] ;"rgf
k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbgleqdf cfkm"n] ef]urng ub}{ cfPsf] ;Dks{ M :j:y, tfhf / cf}ifwL u'0fo'Qm Rofpm
3/, hUufsf] ljj/0f o; sfof{nodf k]z ug'{x'g ;DalGwt ;a}sf] >Lw/ clwsf/L – (*$&*%*%)$ sGo hftsf] :jflbi6 Rofpm
hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . k"0f{ clwsf/L – (*%&*#!!^^ ;Dks{ M k'/g zdf{ tkfO{sf] 3f]/fxL ahf/df pknAw 5 .
xl/k|;fb kf08]o 6+s]Zj/ ;'j]bL – (*$&*@$!^* 3f]/fxL–% dxb]jf, gjnk'/, bfª ;lxb :d[lt ;xsf/L k;n
sfo{sf/L clws[t g/axfb'/ clwsf/L – (*%&*#)*#@
df]= M (*%&*@)&**, 6«flkmsrf]s 3f]/fxL, bfª
gjLg kf}8n] df]= M (*$&*($^*( (*$&*$^^^@
cfsif{s 38]/Lx? laqmLdf g/]z kf}8]n M (^#*@)!!^% ;'zLn kf]v|]n df]= M (*%&*#)!@*
3f]/fxL–& 8'Dd/ufp“ v';Lsf] va/ Û v';Lsf] va/ ÛÛ
xfd|f ;'ljwfx? M o; ofldgf c6f] js{;k tyf gjb'uf{ c6f]kf6{;n] ljut bz jif{b]lv
tkfO{x?sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cab]lv gofF 9+un] df]6/;fOsn dd{t ug]{,
!_ 3f]/fxL ahf/b]lv hDdf Ol~hg dd{t ug]{, Water service, Home sarvice sf] Joj:yf
! lsnf]ld6/ glhs . ug'{sf ;fy} df]6/;fOsnsf x/]s kf6{;x? ;'ky d"Nodf pknAw u/fOG5 .
@_ 3f]/fxL–xf]n]/L -zxLb k|f]=k|]d l8;L
dfu{ _ ;8s;“ u Psk6s ;]jf ofldgf c6f] js{;k
hf]l8Psf] . ug]{ df}sf t'n;Lk'/–% k'/fgf] a;kfs{, bfª
#_ ljB' t kf] n sf] ;d] t lbg'xf];\ . kmf]g )*@–%@@%#@, df]= (*$&*^^)$%
Joj:yf ul/Psf] .
$_ dgf]/d b[Zo b]lvg] . ;a}n] ;'gf}+ /]l8of] dWoklZrd
%_ t'?Gt kf; ug{ ;lsg] . g]kfnsf] dWoklZrd tyf ;"b/' klZrdsf b'ud{ u|fdL0f e]usf hgtfdf
^_ rflxP hlt rf}8fO{ lng ;"rgfsf] kx'“r k'¥ofpg] p2]Zosf ;fy bfª ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;xsf/L
;lsg] . ;+:yf lnld6]8 bfª
bfªåf/f ;~rflnt /]l8of] dWoklZrd (!=$ d]ufxh{ cfjfhxLgsf]
&_ sDtLdf lk5jf8 #% cfjfh klZrd g]kfnsf] cfjfh cfjfhdf k|To]s 306f tfhf va/;lxt ljljw
b]lv $) xft ePsf] . lzIffk|b, ;Gb]zd"ns Pj+ dgf]/~hgfTds sfo{qmdx¿ lgoldt ;'Gg gla;{gx' f]nf .
;Dks{ cf] l jGb| dx/f – ^@
*_ & ld6/ rf}8f ePsf] /]l8of] dWoklZrd (!=$ d]ufxh{
u|fj]n af6f] .
>Lw/ dx/f –
;lxb pd]zdfu{, 3f]/fxL bfª
(_ l6s nufPsf 38]/Lx?
laqmL eO;s]sf] . JolQmx? M kmf]g M )*@–%^!%(), %^)*%$
k\mofS; M )*@–%^)(!^
 jif{ !@, c+s !*, @)^^ r}q * ut] cfOtaf/ lh=k|=sf=bf=b=g+= @)÷)%%–)%^, bf=lh=x'=b=g+= &÷)%%–)%^ *
aª\u/' kfng g]kfnL /fhgLlt==== :juL{o lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf]
lgwgk|lt zf]s k|:tfj ub}{ /fli6«o
cfOtaf/ Ps lbg ;fj{hlgs labf
lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 eg] cfhb]lv
o;k6s lx/fdl0f b'MvL

tflnd
cefjsf] dx;'; sf+u|];n] dfq
xf]Og l;Ëf] b]zn] ul//x]sf] 5 .
pxf“n] g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfsf
nflu k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg b]zsf nflu
;Ddfg lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 .
a} 7 sn] sf] O /fnfnfO{ k" j { / fi6«
k| d ' v sf] x} l ;otdf /fhsLo
tLg lbg;Dd /fli6«o em08f cfwf
em'sfpg] lg0f{o klg u/]sf] 5 .
To;} u /L g] k fnl:yt j} b ] l zs
dxf;ª\3sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng M Ps ;dLIff
bf]0f{ s];L, t'n;Lk'/÷cfocfh{gsf ;Ddfgsf ;fy ef]ln cGTo]i6L s'6gLlts lgof]usf sfof{nodf ev{/} dfq PsLs[t clvn g]kfn hg;f+:s[lts dxf;ª\3sf] rf}yf] /fli6«o
nflu cfTdlge{/ agfpg] p2]Zon] cd"No /xb} cfPsf] 5 . ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . ;/sf/n] b'O{ lbg;Dd zf]sk'l:tsf klg ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . r}q @ ut] lslt{k'/ l:yt l6=o'=sf] …:d[lt ;efxnÚdf
t'n;Lk'/df ;~rflnt b'O{ lbg] sf]O/fnfsf] lgwgkl5 zlgaf/ sf] O /fnfsf] ;Ddfgdf cfh /flvg] ePsf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf s=k|r08af6 pb\3f6g ePsf] ;Dd]ng r}q % ut] a;Gtk'/sf]
a+ u ' / kfng tflndsf] zlgaf/ 5f]/L ;'hftfsf] dl08vf6f/l:yt 8anLdf ;f+:s[lts k|lt/f]w lbjzsf] cj;/df ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff ;efåf/f ;DkGg
;dfkg ul/Psf] 5 . blnt ;]jf lgaf;df :jb] z L tyf ljb] z L ePsf] lyof] . of] ;Dd]ngdf s] s'/fsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] lyof] / s] slt k"/f eof]
;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf afn clwsf/sf pRrkb:y JolQmx?b] l v cGo dfgjn] dfgjnfO{ zff]if0f ug]{, eGg] ljifodf ;ª\lIfKt rrf{ ug{' cfjZos 5 . ;fy} ;Dd]ngsf] ;du| lrq
nflu z} l Ifs cleofgcGt{ u t kf6L{ s f g] t fx?, sfo{ s tf{ , s:tf] /Xof] eg]/ ;dLIff ug'{ klg h¿/L 5 . o;sf ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds
ldng art ;d"xsf !^ hgfnfO{ z'elrGts / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 7"nf] cGofo cTofrf/ ug]{ sfo{ lgGbgLo kf6f kIfx¿sf] ;dLIff ug'{ klg of] l6Kk0fLsf] ljifo /x]sf] 5 .
tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . 3'“Orf] nfu]sf] lyof] . sf]O/fnfsf] sfo{ ePsf] x'Fbf gful/s clwsf/ k|ydtM ;Dd]ng eAo / ;fgbf/ ¿kdf ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . cfof]hs
blnt ;]jf ;+3sf cWoIf O{Zj/L kfly{ j z/L/nfO{ zlgaf/ ;d]tu/L b]zel/af6 k|ltlwlTjsf] ;ª\Vof s/La ;f9] kfFr;o /x]sf] lyof] .
ljssf] cWoIftf / ;+3sf l6d ;+of]hs dl08vf6f/d} /flvPsf] lyof] eg] k|lt ;hs / ;r]t agf}+ / agfcf}+ . hxfF ;f7LeGbf a9L lhNnfsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] . st} aGb / st}
z+s/ ;'gf/sf] k|d'v cfltYodf clGtd >4f~hnL lbgsf nflu kf6L{sf k|lzIf0fx¿sf sfo{qmd h'Wgfn] tf]lsPsf ;a} k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:ylt
;DkGg tflnd ;dfkg sfo{qmddf cfh cfOtaf/ laxfg * ah]b]lv /xg ;s]g . tyfkL pkl:yltdf dfqfsf] eGbf u'0fsf lx;fjn] w]/} /fd|f]
OGb|axfb'/ lu/L, nIdL u'?ª, uf}ynL k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} o;k6ssf] csf]{ /fd|f] kIf eg]sf] ;xeflu
ljs, zfGtf ljs nufotn]
af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf kz' ;]jf
@ ah];Dd bz/y /ª\uzfnfdf
/flvg] ePsf] 5 . @ ah] k l5 g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltlglwx¿df ;}4flGts / j}rfl/s :t/sf] ljsf; x'g' xf] . of] hgo'4 /
hgcfGbf]ngx¿n] k}bf u/]sf] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . xfd|f ;a} ;f+:s[ltssdL{x¿df
s]Gb|sf k|dv ' ;'bfdf e§n] k|lzIf0f
lbg'ePsf] lyof] . la/axfb'/ g]kfnLsf]
/fhsLo ;Ddfgsf ;fy
zjofqf;lxt kz'klt cfo{3f6df ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno :t/f]GtL x'g' g]kfnL qmflGtsf lglDt pHHjn kIf xf] . ;fyLx¿n] o;k6s
Aojxfl/s / k|fljlws kf6f]df eGbf j}rfl/s, ;}4flGts kIfdf dfly p7]/
bfx;+:sf/ ul/g] ePsf] 5 .
:jfut dGtJoaf6 z'? ePsf]
sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng lhPn g]kfnLn] o;}aLr zlgaf/ g} a;]sf]
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] cfsl:ds a}7sn]
;"rgf ljefu 5nkmndf efu lnP .
;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6gsf cj;/df PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf
ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . s=k|r08n] lgs} hf]8bf/ ¿kdf xfd|f] sdhf]/ ;f+:s[lts kIfdfly l6Kk0fL ub}{
g]kfnsf k|ultjfbL ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngdf b]vfk/]sf cfTds]Gb|Lt JolQmjfb,

/tgk'/sf cfsif{s 38]/Lx? laqmLdf kbnf]n'ktf, r/d dxTjfsfª\Iff, xLgtf, bDeLkg / jf}l4s ljnfl;tf h:tf u}/
;j{xf/f lrGtg / Jojxf/k|lt s8f k|xf/ ug'e{ of] . ;fy} l;4fGtdf lgs} 7"nf7"nf
efif0f ug]{, 7]nLsf 7]nL lstfj n]Vg] t/ Jojxf/df l;Gsf] klg gp7fpg] ;fdGtL
/ 7fn" pkb]zs ;+:s[ltdfly klg ltvf] k|xf/ ug'{eof] . qmflGtsf ukm ug]{ t/
    qmflGt ug{ slxNo} klg cl3 g;g]{ df]xgljqmdLo k|j[lQ klg g]kfnsf] k|ultjfbL
 ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf] k|d'v ;d:of xf] . o;tkm{ klg s=cWoIfn] lgs} hf]8

lbP/ cfˆgf egfOx¿ /fVg'eof] . csf]{ s'/f xfdLleq} klg ;f+:s[lts If]qsf
 
            
 s]xL o:tf g]tfx¿ 5f}F, h:n] hLjge/ cfˆg} kª\lQmsf] cfnf]rgf ug]{, pl5Qf]
         
         
 sf9\gdf cfTd/tL lng] t/ k|ltw|'jLo lsQfaf6 qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ngdfly ePsf]

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af6f

         k|xf/sf lj?4 gh/cGbfh u/]/ a:g] ub{5f}F, o;k|lt klg s=cWoIfn] lgs}
                      
    uDeL/tf k"j{s ljifox¿ /fVg'eof] . cWoIfsf] dGtJon] ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL
g ]

 xfdL ;Dk"0f{ k|ltlglw tyf cfof]hsx¿nfO{ lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm ldn]sf] 5 / 708f

hf


 lbdfun] ;f]+Rg jfWo kf/]sf] 5 . olb xfdLn] cfufdL lbgdf cWoIfsf] egfOnfO{
k'/

 
 cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]gf}F / To; cg'¿ksf] ;f+:s[lts cfbf]ngsf] p7fg ug{ ;s]gf}F
/tg

           

                
    eg] xfd|f] ;ª\u7gsf] cf}lrTo klg /xg] 5}g . t;y{ cWoIfsf] dGtJo xfd|f]
  ;f+:s[lts cfGbf]ngsf lglDt dxTjk"0f{ dfu{lgb]{zg klg xf] .
         
6

                
xfd|f s]xL ;fyLx¿nfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] ls o;k6ssf] ;Dd]ng klg t];|f]
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/fli6«o ;Dd]ngs} k'g/fj[lQ x'G5 . t/, To;f] ePg / x'g] sl08;g klg
cfof]hs kIfn] agfPsf] lyPg . t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf cfof]hs g]t[Tjaf6}
;

  
hldlg oyfy{tfnfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/]/ To;sf lj¿4 uPsf x'gfn] jftfj/0f
fx L

pQ]lht ag]sf] lyof] . o;k6s To;f] ePg . lsgeg] cfof]hs kIfn] ;s];Dd
3f]/

xfd|f    



w/ftnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sf] lyof] . s]xL ;Ldf / sdhf]/Lsf afah'b
;Dd]ngdf k|:t't k|ltj]bg / ljwfgn] w/ftnLo oyfy{tfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{
;'ljwfx?                    
            
sf]l;; u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} ck'u s'/fx¿nfO{ 5nkmnsf qmddf u|k' l8:s;gaf6
p7]sf cfjfhx¿ / l6Kk0fLx¿nfO{ g]t[Tjn] ;xif{ :jLsf/ u/]/ k|ltj]bg /
ljwfgdf kl/dfh{g ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]kl5 xfp;n] Ps dtåf/f kfl/t u/]sf]
!_ ;ft ld6/sf] rf}8f u|fj]n         
   
lyof] . hjsL t];|f] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf To;f] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . ljjfbsf]
af6f] ePsf] . laqmL eO;s]sf 38]/Lx? - _ ljhf/f]k0f olx+af6 ePsf] lyof] . clxn] To;f] ePg / ;Dd]ng ;f}xf4{tfdf cl3
a9\of] . oBlk k|ltj]gdf Oltxf;sf] kf6f] cfjZostf eGbf j];L ePsf] /
@_ ljB't kf]nsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ;flxTodo x'g'sf ;fy} g]kfnsf ljleGg efiffeflifsf ;f+:s[lts kIf / ljleGg
ePsf] . ^_ :s"n, sn]h, clkm; ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf glhs} tyf ljwfx¿sf] Oltxf; ;d]6\g ;lsPsf] 5}g . o;sf k5fl8 xfd|f sxL ;Ldf /
#_ 3f]/fxL t'n;Lk'/ ;8sv08 xfOj]af6 %)) ld6/sf] kfos kg{] . jfWotfx¿ 5g\ . Tof] s] eg] xfd|f] j}rfl/s klª\Qmleq ljleGg efiffeflifsf
hflgkmsf/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof e]§fpg ufx«f] x'g' / csf]{ v;fg eflifx¿df cGo
b'/Ldf . &_ t'?Gt kf; ug{ ;lsg] . efiffsf] 1fg gx'g' / cWoog ug]{ r]i6f gx'g' xf] . To;}n] xfd|f] Oltxf; eflifs
$_ dgf]/d b[Zo b]lvg] . *_ rfx]hlt rf}8fO lng ;lsg] . / ljwfut ¿kn] x]bf{ Psf+sL / Ps efifLo x'g] u/]sf] 5 . h;af6 xfd|f]
%_ Ogf/df sd ulx/fOd} kfgL cfpg] . (_ slDtdf lk5jf8 #@–$) xft ePsf] . ;Dd]ngsf] k|ltj]bg klg c5'tf] /x]g . oxL s'/f ;Dd]ngdf xnsf k|ltlglwx¿af6
l6Kk0fLsf] ¿kdf cfof] . of] :jfefljs g} lyof] . o;n] s] s'/fsf] dfu u/]sf] 5
eg] cfufdL lbgdf cGo efiffefliftkm{ klg xfd|f g]t[Tjx¿n] cWoog ug]{ /
;Dks{ JolQmx? M clen]v tof/ ug{tkm{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg' h¿/L 5 . tyfkL ;flxTo / ;f+:s[lts
cfGbf]ngsf] juL{o kIf / pknlAwnfO{ eg] Oltxf;sf] d"Nofª\sgdf /fd|f];Fu
>Lw/ dx/f M (*%&*#)(!& ef]haxfb'/ yfkf M (*$&*@(#)$ t'n;L/fd dx/f M (*%&*#))^^ ;d]6\g] k|of; ePsf] 5 .
cf]ljGb| dx/f M (*%&*#))^@ /]zd lu/L M (*%&*#)^$& eQmaxfb'/ s];L M (*%&*#!^)% To;}u/L xfdL dxf;ª\3Lo cjwf/0fdf uO;s]sf] / o;sf cflª\us
hLjg s]=;L= M (*$&*%*^%% w|j' s]=;L= M (*%&*#)#$* ;ª\u7gx¿ klg s[ofzLn eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf cflª\us ;ª\u7gaf6 pgLx¿sf]
a:t'ut cj:yf cg'¿k dxf;ª\3df s] slt k|ltlglwTj u/fpg], /fHox¿af6
3f]/fxL–!!, /tgk'/, bfª s;/L k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] / b'j}tkm{ kbflwsf/Ldf /xg x'g] sL gx'g] cflb h:tf
ljifodf ljwfgdf :ki6 ls6fg gugf{n] sfo{ ;ldlt lgdf{0fdf ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg
t'?Gt cfjZostf ÛÛÛ lk|m Û lk|m ÛÛ lk|m ÛÛÛ eP . o;n] Psflt/ s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt w]/} 7"nf] aGg k'Uof] eg] csf{tkm{ cflª\us
;ª\u7gsf] dxTj / cf}lrTo lkmtnf] aGg k'us ] f] 5 . o;tkm{ xfdLn] dxf;ª\3Lo
;fpbL c/asf] cf/fdsf] sDkgL tyf ;fpbLs} P;=hL=aL= 8an bfª lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qx?df ;a}eGbf ;:tf]df ;lhn};Fu cjwf/0ff / o;sf] lgdf{0f k|s[ofsf af/]df c´} ulDe/tf k"j{s ljZn]if0f ug{
sDkgLaf6 lgDgadf]lhd sfdbf/x?sf] dfu eO{ cfPsf] x'gfn] hfg rfxg] Pscfk;df s'/f ug{ ;lsg] / ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf e/kbf]{;Fu s'/f ;s]sf 5}gf} . of] s'/f ;Dd]ngsf] d'Vo sdhf]/Lsf] kf6f] xf] . bf];|f] sdhf]/L
OR5's JolQmn] cfk\mgf] ;SsnL /fxbfgL;lxt t'?Gt ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf .
ug{ ;lsg] UTL df]afO{nsf] Pp6f l;d lsGbf csf]{ l;d l;Q}df xfdLn] o;k6s klg cfª\lus ;ª\u7gx¿sf] sfo{If]qflwsf/ / pgLx¿sf] :jfoQtf
qm=;=+ kb sfdbf/ ;+Vof tna g]=?= cf]6L vfg a:g pknAw eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ . ls6fg ug{ ;s]gf} . o;n] cfª\lus ;ª\u7g / dxf;ª\3sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf
!= n]j/ x]Nk/ !)) hgf (,))).– 5 5 5 s]xL h6Lntf / cGof]ntf /xg ;Sg] kl/l:ylt sfod} /x]sf] 5 .
@= l/h{/; @% hgf !@,))).– 5 5 5 ef/tsf] nflu k|ltldg]6 ?=#.– df s'/f ug{ ;lsg]
log} ;Ldf sdhf]/L / pknlAwx¿sf aLr xfd|f] Pstfsf] rf}yf] /fli6«o
#= js{ k/ld6 l/l/e/ !% hgf !^,))).– 5 5 5 laqm]tf bfªsf nflu cflwsfl/s laqm]tf ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . casf] sfo{sfndf dxf;ª\3sf] sfFwdf lgs} dxTjk"0f{
$= jN8{; %) hgf !$,)))–@),))).– 5 5 5
%= :sfkmf]N8/ !% hgf !$,)))–@),))).– 5 5 5 hou'? /tg /]l8of] ;]G6/ lhDd]jf/L cfPsf] 5 . ;j{xf/fju{n] ljho k|fKt ug]{ ;lGgs6 cj:yfdf ePsf]
/fli6«o ;Dd]ngn] g]kfnsf] qflGtsf/L ;f+:s[lts tyf /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf b]vf
^= :sfkmf]N8/ kmf]/Dofg )@ hgf @$,))).–@*,))).– 5 5 5 6]«8;{ zfx ejg t'n;Lk'/, bfª k/]sf u}/;j{xf/f ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] ´08f p7fpg] lhDdf klg xfd|f]
&= :of08 Anf:6/ !% hgf !$,))).– 5 5 5 sf7df08f}+
*= :k|]o k]G6/ !) hgf !$,)))–!^,))).– 5 5 5 kmf]g M )*@–%@!^!!, (&%*%))%)! ;f+:s[lts If]qsf] ljifo /x]sf] s'/f of] ;Dd]ngn] JoQm u/]sf] 5 . )^^÷!@÷&
(= :6Ln lkmSr/ @) hgf !@,))).– 5 5 5
!)= ;6{l/ª sfk]G{ 6/ !% hgf !@,))).– 5 5 5 3f]/fxL–/tgk'/ ;8ssf] /f]8df cfsif{s 38]/L laqmLdf
!!= h]g/n d]zg !% hgf !@,))).– 5 5 5 xfd|f ;'ljwfx? M 3f]/fxL uf=lj=;=–*÷v
!@= l;len O= kmf]/Dofg !) hgf @$,))).–$),))).– 5 5 5
!= & ld6/sf] rf}8f u|fe]n af6f] ePsf]
!@ ld6/sf] af6f]

!#= On]lS6«l;og O08li6«sn #) hgf !@,)))–!*,))).– 5 5 5

!$= kfOk lkm6/ km]jl/s]6/ #) hgf !$,)))–@),))).– 5 5 5 @= ljB'tsf nflu kf]n ufl8;s]sf]
!%= ;]km\ 6L clkm;/ )* hgf @),)))–@$,))).– 5 5 5 #= 3f]/fxL t'n;Lk'/ ;8s v08
!^= Nof08 ;le{;/ )* hgf @),)))–@$,))).– 5 5 5
!&= :sfkmf]lN8ª n]a/ !)) hgf !%,))).– 5 5 5 xfOj]af6 %)) ld6/ b"/Ldf
;fy} pQm kbx?sf] nflu oxL r}q !^ ut] zfvf sfof{no 3f]/fxL
$= dgf]/d b[Zo b]lvg]
bfªd} kmfOgn OG6/Eo' x“'b}5 . l56f]eGbf l56f] ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf . %= Ogf/df sd ulx/fOdf kfgL cfpg]
;Dks{ M b l/e/ cf]e/;Lh ^= :s"n, sn]h, clkm;, ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf ;Dks{ JolQm M
k"0f{wg /f]sf -?s'd_ df]= (*$&(%*(&^ zfvf sfof{no zxLbrf]s glhs} tyf kfos kg]{
3f]/fxL,bfª /ljnfn dx/f– (*%!!)$#^%
km;{axfb'/ /f0ff -/f]Nkf_ df]= (*$&(%($%# &= t'?Gt kf; ug{ ;lsg]
emu]Gb|nfn e';fn -Ko'7fg_ df]= (*$&*%(*(& kmf]g M )*@–%^@%*^ >Lw/ dx/f– (*%&*#)(!&
kxndfg rf}w/L df]= (*$&*@()#(,k|sfz of]uL– df]= (*$&*$&**%, *= rfx]hlt rf}8fO lng ;lsg] cf]ljGb| dx/f– (*%&*#))^@