Hindi
Hindi
He Woh / Usne
She Woh
You Tum / Aap (respect)
It Yeh
A Ek
Come Aao / Aaiye (respect)
Came Aaya ( he) / Aayee (she) / Aaye (plural)
Will come Aayega (he) / Aayegi (she) / Aayenge ( plural)
Open Kholo / Kholiye (respect) / Kholna
Opened Khola
Will open Kholega (he) / Kholegi (she) / Kholenge (plural)
Sit Baitho / Baithiye (respect) / Baithna ( to sit)
Walk Chalo / Chaliye ( respect) / Chalna (to walk)
Eat Khao / Khaiye (respect)/ Khana (to eat)
Drink Piyo / Peejiye (respect) / Peena (to drink)
Win Jeetna(to win)
Go Jaao / Jaaiye (respect) / Jaana (to go)
Run Daudna
I go Mein jaata hoon
He goes Woh jaata hai
He eats an apple Woh sev khaata hai
He is eating an apple Woh sev khaa raha hai
He ate an apple Usne sev khaya
I saw the film last week Meine pichhle saftah film dekhi
She came by bus yesterday Woh kal bus se aayee
They went to the temple Ve mandir gaye
He slept the whole night Woh raat bhar soya
He wrote well in the examination Usne exam achcha likha
He has eaten Usne khaa liya
He had eaten Usne khaa liya tha
He had gone Woh chala gaya tha
He had come Woh aaya tha
He will eat Woh khaayega
He will go Woh jaayega
He will come Woh aayega
What is your name? Tumhara /Aapka naam kya hai ?
What Kya
Is Hai / Hein (respect)
Your Tumhara / Aapka (respect)
Name Naam
What did you do? Tumne / Aapne (respect) kya kiya ?
What should I do? Mein kya karoon ?
What can I do? Mein kya kar sakta hoon ?
What are the questions? Kya sawal hein ?
What were the questions? Kya sawal the ?
What is the last question? Aakhiri sawal kya hai ?
What is written in the letter? Khat mein kya likha hai ?
What you had been told? Tumhein kya kaha gaya tha ?
What will be the answer? Jawab kya hoga ?
Why did you come? Tum / Aap kyon aaye ?
Why did you sleep? Tum / Aap kyon soye ?
Why did you tell him to go? Tumne use jaane ko kyon kaha ?
Why did he bring the bag? Woh bag kyon laya ?
Why did she pay the money? Usne paisa kyon diya ?
Why did they sit there? Ve wahan kyon baithe the ?
Why do you drive the car? Tum / aap car kyon chalate ho ?
Why did they come late for the meeting? Ve meeting ke liye deri se kyon aaye ?
How did you come? Tum / aap kaise aaye ?
How did you sleep? Tum kaise soye ?
How did you drive the car ? Tumne car kaise chalayee ?
How did you write? Tumne kaise likha ?
How many apples are there in my hand? Mere haath mein kitne sev hein ?
How many did you take? Tumne kitne liye ?
How much did he pay you? Usne tumhen kitna paisa diya ?
How much distance to go? Aur kitni door jana hai ?
How was the journey yesterday? Kal ki yatra kaisi thi ?
Which way did you come? Tum / Aap kis raaste se aaye ?
Which is your favourite colour? Tumhara /Aapka pasandida rang kaun sa hai?
In which room did you sleep? Tum / Aap kaunse kamre mein soye ?
Which story did you tell? Tumne kaunsi kahani batayee ?
Which is the sweetest fruit? Sabse meetha fal kaunsa hai ?
Which is the best newspaper in Hindi? Hindi mein sabse achcha newspaper kaunsa hai ?
Which Indian state has the largest Kis bharatiya rajya ki jansankhya sabse jyada
population? hai ?
Where are you coming from? Aap / tum kahan se aa rahe ho ?
Where did you sleep? Tum kahan soye ?
Where is the manager’s cabin? Manager ka cabin kahan hai ?
Where should I go? Mujhe kahan jaana chahiye ?
Is it a book? Kya yeh kitab hai ?
Yes, it is a book Haan, yeh kitab hai
Is it the answer? Kya yeh jawab hai?
Yes, it is the answer Haan yehi jawab hai.
Will you come with me? Kya tum mere saath aaoge ?
I shall come with you. Mein tumhare saath aaunga.
Will you give me your pen? Kya tum mujhe apna pen doge ?
Yes, of course. Haan, zaroor
Do you love me ? Kya tum mujhe pyar karte ho ?
Yes, I love you. Haan mein tumhein pyaar karta (m) / karti(f) hoon
Can you give me your pen? Kya tum mujhe apna pen de sakte ho?
Can you lift the box? Kya tum box utha sakte ho ?
Can you write the exam? Kya tum pariksha likh sakte ho ?
Did you have your lunch? Kya tumne dopehar ka khana khaya ?
How are you? Tum kaise ho / Aap kaise hain ?
I am fine Main achha hoon
Hindi is an Indo-Aryan language with about 487 million speakers. It is one of the official
languages of India and is the main language used in the northern states of Rajasthan, Delhi,
Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh,
Jharkhand and Bihar, and is spoken in much of north and central India alongside other languages
such as Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi or Bengali. In other parts of India, as well as in Nepal,
Bangladesh and Pakistan, Hindi is understood. In Fiji people of Indian origin speak Hindi, and in
some areas the Fijian people also speak it.
Hindi is closely related to Urdu, the main language of Pakistan, which is written with the Arabic
script, and linguists consider Standard Hindi and Standard Urdu to be different formal registers
both derived from the Khari Boli dialect, which is also known as Hindustani. Apart from the
difference in writing systems, the other main difference between Hindi and Urdu is that Hindi
contains more vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu contains more vocabulary from Persian.
Hindi first started to be used in writing during the 4th century AD. It was originally written with
the Brahmi script but since the 11th century AD it has been written with the Devanāgarī
alphabet. The first printed book in Hindi was John Gilchrist's Grammar of the Hindoostanee
Language which was published in 1796.
Numerals
Sample text in Hindi
Hindi Lesson 18
A step means you take the pen off the paper. Most Hindi letters can be written in 2 or 3
steps. The last step is the drawing of the horizontal line at the top. Experienced Hindi
writers can reduce them further by for example retracing their pen back up a vertical
stem.
This and the next lesson cover almost all the compound letters , vowels etc. so we can
familiarlise ourselves with all the letters and are able to read them when we scan in a few
stories from publications.Some of the steps in writing certain letters are left for you to do as
excercise. Note the faint arrow line , the tail of the arrow gives you the direction from
which the pen starts.The next figure contains the first two lines of the alphabet . The first
five letters are the Gutturals all produced from the back of the throat and the next five
from CH onwards - the palatals-so called because the tongue strikes the hard palate.
Note that a very few Hindi letters can be written in more than one way . JH and A and AA
are the best examples. Compare JH with that in lesson 13
Next come the cerbrals because the tongue points up to the head , the dentals where the
tongue strikes the upper teeth and the labials where the lips are closed. It is worth getting a
pen and writing each on a piece of paper as you read through the next figure.
Now follow the semi vowels , the sibliants or s sound and finally H the aspirant.
We will expand lesson 18 next week. In the meantime have a go at lesson 18 and 19 again.
Here is how the vowels are written . Ugh is formed in three steps. AA in four by adding an
aa mark to ugh.
Aan of course if formed from Ugh etc.
In the top part of the figure below are the vowel marks. Note little i is actually added after
the letter eg M is written down first as in the English word miss below; when it appears
before the letter M.
.Note the mark for r which follow the letter in the word Prate and the ri which modifies M
in Mrig . But that the top r modifies the previous letter eg. in the word Mark where it
modifies the preceding letter M even though it put over the K. Finally note the two vertical
dots which give an ae sound and mostly used in Sanskrit words eg in the word Prataee as
above built up from P then adding a r mark in the foot of the P etc. Prate Kal in Sanskrit
means morning.
Next we look at compound letters. There are about 10 of these although only KSH , TR
,GY, SHR , and Ri are considered as part of the alphabet . These are written by starting
with the vertical line first. We will add more in the coming week so that scanned articles
can be read.
The next figure has Z , N , Ru , ROO, Hy, Hm, LRi, and the symbol for peace OM
The following figure contains some interesting letters. On the top line are the guttural form
of N combined with K , and also next to it g.
Sometimes ugh and AA are written as in this figure. Again it is important to know these so
that one may not be surprised when reading a magazine.
THE can also be combined with a couple of letters . One of them as in the figure above
gives the word for war -yudh.
Lets have a look in this rather long lesson at some doubled letters. These below are the
common and a couple of examples are given.
Finally lets check we remember all the half letters. Although this lesson may seem difficult
you have met nearly all the letters before.Some like the t and d's are just smaller version of
the full letter while jh and r do not seem to have any half letter form
Hindi Lesson 19.....Home
ROCKFORT
SRIRANGAM
Sanctity is accorded to a place on the basis of its
threefold popularity of the presiding deity, the quality of
the holy waters and its hoary past. The holy shrine of
Srirangam has al l these attributes in rich
measure. The township of Srirangam envelopping the
shrine is situated on a tiny island formed by the
bifurcation of the river Cavery at a place called
Mukkombu (Upper anaicut). The southern
distributary of the river retains the name Cavery,
while the northern branch is called Coleroon. The
abode of the Supreme Lord, Sri Ranganatha, the
reclining form of Lord Vishnu is situated in Srirangam
8 kilometers from Trichy city.There are not less than 22
gopurams, one of which is the tallest in India. The 72m
high 13-tiered Rajagopuram was built in 1987 while the
remaining 21 gopurams were built between th 14th and
17th centuries.
JAMBUKESWARA TEMPLE
Thiruvanaikaval Jambukeswara Temple dedicated to Lord
Shiva is situated 2 kms east of Srirangam, The temple is
named after the elephant which is believed to have
worshipped Lord Siva here. Installed under an ancient Jambu
tree, the lingam is partially submerged by water and meant to
represent God incarnate as water.
HAZRATH NATHERVALI
It is ancient Durga more than 1000 years old. It is
marvelous architecture , the doom is made up of shining
marbles giving a great look to the Durga. It is also
situated in the heart of Trichy City.
MUKKOMBU
A wonderful picnic spot,where the river
Kollidam branches off from the river
Cavery. It is 18 kilometer from Trichy
City.
Grand Anaicut Grand Anaicut (Kallanai Dam)- An Ancient dam built by Karikala
Chola across the river Cavery in 2 AD.
A fine picnic spot, it is located in the foot hills of the kolli rage. It is
Puliancholai
72 kilometers from Trichy city.
Sittannavasal (58km)
Kudumiyanmalai
Vayaloor
Puliancholai
Pachamalai
Government Museum
Situated at Thirukokarnam, the museum is at a distance of 5 km. from Pudukkottai station. The
rare collections in the sections of Geology, Zoology, Paintings, Anthropology,
Epigraphy,Historical Records, etc., are very interesting. The fine sculptures and bronzes of
various periods are the attractive items of the Museum.Open on all days except Mondays and
Government Holidays from 8 a.m. to11.30 a.m. and 2.00 p.m. to 5.00 p.m.
Srirangam temple
The term `Rangam` means island and Srirangam is the island
between Cauvery and Kollidam. Sri Ranganatha is lying here
on his Adi Sesha (snake) couch. Seven large enclosures and 21
majestic gopurams surround the main sanctum of Sri
Ranganatha here. Ranga Vilasam and Seshagiri Royal
Mandapam are situated on the south of the temple with
marvellous sculptural splendour. The main deity is preserved within the first Corridor. The vimanam
shaped like Omkara is plated with gold. As per the legends, it is said that the temple existed buried
under the sand. But, again as per other evidences, the Chola King Dharmavarman constructed this
temple.
Vaikunda Ekadasi festival is very famous in this temple. At that time, the Paramapada Vasal (Paradise
Gate) is opened and lakhs of pilgrims rush to enter it as it is believed that one who enters here will
reach Vaikunta after death.
Thiruvanaikkaval temple
This is a Siva temple and is in the same island of Trichy on the other side of the railway line. This is
one of the Pancha Bootha Sthalam (five elements) and it is called Appu (water) Lingam. Here, the
water element is represented. The deity is in water. The lingam here is surrounded by a perennial
subterranean spring.
This temple has a peculiar practice as per which the priest wears a woman`s dress while performing
the midday puja. The presence of Eka-Pada-Tirumurthi in which the trinity Siva, Vishnu and Brahma
are combined in one is another peculiar feature of this temple.
There are five enclosures in this temple of Trichy and the walls reach a height of 35 ft. There are also
numerous sculptures of rare beauty, which can be seen everywhere in the temple. There is a figure of
a nomadic gypsy with her palm-leaves woven basket in the temple. It is near the sanctum of Sri
Sankara.
Vayalur
Vayalur is situated 8 kms from Trichy. There is a
famous Murugan temple here amidst bushy green
fields. Sri Kripananda Variar, the famous devotee
of Lord Muruga built the gopuram of this temple.
Mukkombu
It is a very beautiful spot, suitable for picnic. It is about 18 kms from Trichy. The route is filled with
green-carpeted fields. The river Cauvery branches off into Kollidam (Coleroon) in this part of Trichy. A
beautifully organised park can also be seen here. A barrage also exists here, which is called Upper
Anaicut.
Thiru Erumbur
It is situated 10 kms from Trichy. It is famous for an ant (erumbu), who worshipped Lord Siva and got
bliss. There are 3 prakaras or enclosures, one down the hill and the other two up the hill in this
temple. This is a Chola period temple. The beautiful sculpture of Gangalamurthi is a very attractive
structure here.
Thiruvellarai
It is about 15 kms from Trichy. This place is famous
for its Pallava cave temple and a strange swastika
well belonging to the period of Dantivarman.
Pullamangai
This place is situated near Trichy and is famous for
an early Chola temple built by Parantaka I. This
temple has beautiful sculptures. Brahmapuriswara
is the presiding deity of Pullamangai. The Chola
sculptures of this temple have various contain
those of the ganas or demons that worship Siva.
These are carved with minute details, expressive
faces, pot-bellied in fantastic poses. These structures can be seen mainly on the roof of the Ardha
Mandapam. The attractive sculptures found here include that of Brahma, Lingodhbhava, Dancing Siva
and eight-armed Durga.
Elakurichi
Here, one can see the famous church built by the well-known. Catholic missionary, Constantine
Joseph Beschi, popularly known as Veeramamunivar. He has done yeoman service to Tamil. The first
modern Tamil dictionary called `Chathur Agarathi` was compiled by him.
Besides, there are several other churches, colleges and missions of 1760`s here. Trichy has excellent
infrastructural facilities. Hence, it can be a convenient place to see east-central Tamilnadu.
The Lake
A magnificent star-shaped lake glitters like a jewel amidst the emerald green wooded slopes. This 24
hectare lake is skirted by 5 Kms long, black tapped road is focal point of kodai, This lake was created in
1863 by Sir Vere Hendry Levinge, who was the collector of Madurai, retired and settled in kodai.
Coaker's Walk
A kilometre's walk from the lake. It derives the name Lt. Coaker, who prepared the map of Kodai.
Coaker's Walk runs along a steep, emerald green wooded slope. From Coaker's Walk one can have a
breath-taking view of the plains below.
Bryant Park
This park is situated on the eastern side of the lake. It is noted for flowers, hybrids and grafts, Cut
flowers are exported from here.A glass house which shelters fine varieties of flowers, Flower show is
conducted every year in May as part of summer festival.
Green Valley View
It is about 5.5 Kms from the lake and located very close to Golf club, it commands a beautiful view of
entire vaigai dam, As the valley is very deep, dense and dangerous, recommended to see with
precautionary measures.
Pillar Rocks
It is about 7.4 Kms from the lake. Three boulders stand shoulder to shoulder vertically measuring of
about 122 meters providing a beautiful view. It has a mini garden.
3 kms from the lake. A famous shrine dedicated to Lord Muruga. This temple is associated with the
Kuriniji flowers which carpet at hill sides blooms once in 12 years. Also Kurinji means hill region in Tamil
literature. Andavar means God. Hence Lord Muruga is referred as God of Hill here. From this temple one
can see a view of Palani and Vaigai Dam.
Solar Physical Observatory
3.2 Kms. From the Lake Elevation is 2343 meters. It was founded in 1989 at the top most point in Kodai.
Visitors are allowed to closely observe the start, planetary movements etc., during visiting hours and
Prior appointments.
Telescope House
To enable the visitors to have a Panoramic view of the valley and nearby towns, one telescope house is
at Coakers walk. Enterance fee is coolected per head to see through telescope.
Shenbaganur Museum
This museum is MNaintained by the Sacred Heart College – Theological Seminary founded in 1895. It is
devoted to archaeological remains and the flora and fauna of the hills. One of the best orchidoriums in
the country with more that 300 species of orchids is also housed here. It is about 5.6 Kms from the lake.
A Spanish Father Ugarthe, contributed his major collections to the Museum. Entrance fee Rs one per
head. Working hours – 10 A.M to 11.30 A.M and 3P.M to 5P.M
Dolmen Circle
Kodaikanal is put on anthropology map mainly because of the presence of pre-historic remains dating
back to 5000 BC, thease are called Dolmens and Kistavens which are the dwelling and burial places of
people of stone age and iron age. The Dolmens and fantastic stone of two very large erect stone slabs
topped by a larger flat slab.
Thalaiyar Falls
This is also called as a Rat tail falls, The widest falls ranging from 13th Kilometer on the Ghat road to
Kodai. It is one of the highest fall in India, with their 975 feet drop.
Berijam Lake
This is another big artificial lake in the upper regions of palani hills. It is a fine picnic spot offering
beautiful scenery. It is 21 Kms from the Kodaikanal lake, Periyakulam town gets drinking water from the
lake.It was first discovered and reclaimed in 1864 by Colonel Hamilton of the British Army. The Sheer
beauty of the lake made it yet another tourist spot in kodaikanal.
Chettiyar Park
A neat little park off the beaten tract is in north east corner of the town, on the way to kurinji Andavar
temple.
Palani
It is 64 kms from kodaikanal, famous pilgrim center of the South and one of the six abodes of Lord,
Dhandayuthabani. Direct frequent bus are available from Kodaikanal.
An ideal picnic spot 1.6-km from bus stand and within 2 Kms of the lake, where once bears came to
drink water. Cross the lake bund, pass the Telephone exchange on your right, and at the junction take
the lower road past clifton Hotel.The approach is rugged hill path. The falls are at the best in rainy
season.
Dolphins Nose
To reach Dolphins nose at a distance of 8 kms from the bus stand, one has to follow the route specified
here.There is an old road after crossing Pambar Bridge near levinge stream. A rough curve rounds the
hillside which leads to a point where a flat rock projects over an awful chesm of 6600 feet deep. This is
Dolphins nose. On the way, beautiful views of plains and steepy rocky eascarpeints called rolling hills can
be seen. The old village of vellagavi can be reached through the rugged bridle path.
Lutheran Church
Almost cheek by jowl with the Kodaikanal School is the Lutheran Church - a Gothic stone building with
stained glass windows and modern paintings and batiks portraying scenes from the life of Christ. Nearby
is an even more famous church - Christ the King Church - again, a very Gothic and solemn granite
structure with stained glass windows. The names of the buildings in Kodaikanal are very evocative: 'Loch
End' and 'Mansarovar' - these two houses by the lakeside bridge the time span from colonial times to
the present. Hillbrook, Furzbank, Wood-cote, Whispering Pines, and Rock Cottage all conjure up the
beauty and spirit of their natural ambience.
Silver Cascade
8 Kms from the lake. The overflow of Kodai lake comedown here as 180 feet high falls. If the water
temperature suits, tourist can take bath.
Pambar Falls
"Grand Cascade" is the another name for this magnificent falls. It can be reached by a steep, precipitous
path behind pambar house. The Pambar River is a Ziz zagging stream that crusaded over a serious of
rock formations and precipes.