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This document summarizes the digestion process of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. It describes how each macronutrient is broken down and absorbed at each stage, from the mouth to the small intestine. Key enzymes involved in digestion at each site are identified. The roles of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas in further breaking down and absorbing nutrients are also outlined.

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369 views

Compare Contrast Templatepdf

This document summarizes the digestion process of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. It describes how each macronutrient is broken down and absorbed at each stage, from the mouth to the small intestine. Key enzymes involved in digestion at each site are identified. The roles of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas in further breaking down and absorbing nutrients are also outlined.

Uploaded by

api-272845381
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPARE/CONTRAST SAMPLE TEMPLATE

GI TRACT

CARBOHYDRATES

FATS

PROTEINS

MOUTH

Once food is in your


mouth, saliva starts to
secrete from salivary
glands. Amylase, found
in saliva starts the
process of digesting the
carbohydrates. And this
continues until the
bolus has reached the
stomach.

Once fats are in your


mouth, they do not get
broken down just yet.
They are nearly
unchaged until they
reach the stomach.

Like fats, proteins have


not yet started the
process of digestion in
the mouth just yet.

In the stomach, there is


little digestion of fats.
But the enzyme gastric
lipase starts to break
down the lipids. Gastric
juice is secreted from
the stomach making
into a liquid called
chyme.

Hydrochloric acid is in
the stomach killing any
bacteria and germs. HCI
converts into pepsin
which starts to
denature the proteins
starting the digestion
process. Like the fats,
proteins are being
turned into liquid from
the gastric juice inside
the stomach.

Unlike carbohydrates
and proteins, when fats
enter the small
intestine, inside the
villi are small lymph
vessels called a lacteal.
The lacteal absorbs the
fat nutrient and makes
it into a lymph.

Once proteins enter the


small intestines, like
the the carbohydrates,
they are absorbed
directly into the
bloodstream by the
capillaries in the villi.

STOMACH

SMALL INTESTINE

Once carbohydrates
reach the small
intestines, the mucosal
membrane allows for
more absorption of the
nutrient. Inside each
villus found along the
folds, are capillaries
which absorb the
carbohydrates directly
into the bloodstream.

GI TRACT

CARBOHYDRATES

LARGE INTESTINE

The non digestible food


in the chyme is now in
the large intestine. GI
flora finishes the job of
digesting some of the
nutrients left in the
undigested food. The
large intestines then
store the mass
absorbing the left over
nutrients and water.
Then the feces exit the
rectum. This goes for
carbohydrates, fats,
and proteins.

LIVER

A f t e r t h e s m a l l The liver stores fats.


intestines, portal veins
carry most nutrients to
the liver. The liver
releases what came
from the digested
nutrients into the
bloodstream throughout
t h e b o d y. S t o r e s
carbohydrates.

GALLBLADDER

PANCREAS

FATS

PROTEINS

The chyme is being


released when protein
and fat are present.
Bile, a fluid made from
the gallbladder goes
through the common
bile duct. Once entered
the common bile duct,
the bile makes the fat
into smaller pieces.

The digestion of
carbohydrates
continues in the
pancreas by the
enzymes pancreatic
amylase.

Pancreatic lipase is
responsible for the
digestion of fats in the
pancreas.

In the pancreas,
proteases in the
pancreatic juice digests
the proteins.

Vanessa Flores
Terri Borman
Nutrition01
20 September 2015
Once food is in your mouth, saliva starts to secrete from salivary glands. Amylase, found
in saliva starts the process of digesting the carbohydrates. And this continues until the bolus has
reached the stomach. Once fats are in your mouth, they do not get broken down just yet. They are
nearly unchanged until they reach the stomach. Like fats, proteins have not yet started the
process of digestion in the mouth just yet.
In the stomach, there is little digestion of fats. But the enzyme gastric lipase starts to
break down the lipids. Gastric juice is secreted from the stomach making into a liquid called
chyme. Hydrochloric acid is in the stomach killing any bacteria and germs. HCI converts into
pepsin which starts to denature the proteins starting the digestion process. Like the fats, proteins
are being turned into liquid from the gastric juice inside the stomach.
Once carbohydrates reach the small intestines, the mucosal membrane allows for more
absorption of the nutrient. Inside each villus found along the folds, are capillaries which absorb
the carbohydrates directly into the bloodstream. Unlike carbohydrates and proteins, when fats
enter the small intestine, inside the villi are small lymph vessels called a lacteal. The lacteal
absorbs the fat nutrient and makes it into a lymph.

The chyme is being released when protein and fat are present. Bile, a fluid made from the
gallbladder goes through the common bile duct. Once entered the common bile duct, the bile
makes the fat into smaller pieces.
The digestion of carbohydrates continues in the pancreas by the enzymes pancreatic
amylase. Pancreatic lipase is responsible for the digestion of fats in the pancreas. In the pancreas,
proteases in the pancreatic juice digests the proteins. The pancreas also neutralizes the acidic
chyme by the pancreatic bicarbonate coming from the stomach.
After the small intestines, portal veins carry most nutrients to the liver. The liver releases
what came from the digested nutrients into the bloodstream throughout the body. Stores
carbohydrates and fats, turning glucose into glycogen and later releasing it into the bloodstream
Next is the longest portion of the GI tract. Once proteins enter the large intestines, like
the the carbohydrates, they are absorbed directly into the bloodstream by the capillaries in the
villi. The non digestible food in the chyme is now in the large intestine. GI flora finishes the job
of digesting some of the nutrients left in the undigested food. The large intestines then store the
mass absorbing the left over nutrients and water. Then the feces exit the rectum.

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Works Cited

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"Lipids Digestion and Absorption." Study.com. 2015. Web. 21 Sept. 2015.
Thompson, Janice, Melinda Manore, and Urbi Ghosh. Nutrition. New York: Pearson Learning
Solutions, 2011. Print

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