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Maximum Subarray Problem: - You Can Buy A Unit of Stock, Only One Time, Then Sell It at A Later Date

This document discusses the maximum subarray problem, which aims to find the contiguous subarray with the largest sum within a given array of numbers. It presents several approaches to solving this problem: brute force by evaluating all possible subarrays in O(n^2) time; transformation by finding the maximum net change between the first and last days in O(n) time; divide-and-conquer by recursively dividing the array in half and combining solutions in O(n log n) time. The key is finding a subarray that crosses the midpoint efficiently in linear time.

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55 views

Maximum Subarray Problem: - You Can Buy A Unit of Stock, Only One Time, Then Sell It at A Later Date

This document discusses the maximum subarray problem, which aims to find the contiguous subarray with the largest sum within a given array of numbers. It presents several approaches to solving this problem: brute force by evaluating all possible subarrays in O(n^2) time; transformation by finding the maximum net change between the first and last days in O(n) time; divide-and-conquer by recursively dividing the array in half and combining solutions in O(n log n) time. The key is finding a subarray that crosses the midpoint efficiently in linear time.

Uploaded by

chin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maximum Subarray Problem

You can buy a unit of stock, only one time, then sell it
at a later date
Buy/sell at end of day

Strategy: buy low, sell high


The lowest price may appear after the highest price

Assume you know future prices


Can you maximize profit by buying at lowest price
and selling at highest price?

Buy lowest sell highest

Brute force
How many buy/sell pairs are possible
over n days?
Evaluate each pair and keep track of
maximum
Can we do better?

Transformation
Find sequence of days so that:
the net change from last to first is maximized

Look at the daily change in price


Change on day i: price day i minus price day i-1
We now have an array of changes (numbers),
e.g.
12,-3,-24,20,-3,-16,-23,18,20,-7,12,-5,-22,14,-4,6

Find contiguous subarray with largest sum


maximum subarray

E.g.: buy after day 7, sell after day 11

Brute force again


Trivial if only positive numbers
(assume not)
Need to check O(n2) pairs
For each pair, find the sum
Thus total time is

Divide-and-Conquer
A[low..high]
Divide in the middle:
A[low,mid], A[mid+1,high]

Any subarray A[i,..j] is


(1) Entirely in A[low,mid]
(2) Entirely in A[mid+1,high]
(3) In both

(1) and (2) can be found recursively

Divide-and-Conquer (cont.)
(3) find maximum subarray that
crosses midpoint
Need to find maximum subarrays of the
form
A[i..mid], A[mid+1..j], low <= i, j <= high

Take subarray with largest sum of (1),


(2), (3)

Divide-and-Conquer (cont.)
Find-Max-Cross-Subarray(A,low,mid,high)
left-sum = -
sum = 0
for i = mid downto low
sum = sum + A[i]
if sum > left-sum then
left-sum = sum
max-left = i
right-sum = -
sum = 0
for j = mid+1 to high
sum = sum + A[j]
if sum > right-sum then
right-sum = sum
max-right = j
return (max-left, max-right, left-sum + right-sum)

Time analysis
Find-Max-Cross-Subarray: O(n) time
Two recursive calls on input size n/2
Thus:
T(n) = 2T(n/2) + O(n)
T(n) = O(n log n)

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