FULLY WORKED SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER

SEQUENCES
AND SERIES

Focus STPM 2
1

u13 = 3,

S13 = 234

13(a u ) 234
+ 13 =
2
a = 3 12d ... 1 13(a + 3) = 234 ... 2
2
From 2 , a = 33
When a = 33, 33 = 3 12d d = 5
2
25
5
S25 =
(2)(33) + (24)
2
2
25
= (66 60) = 75
2
2 (a) a = 1, r = 5
4
5 n1
n
a(r 1)
5 n1
Sn =
= 4
=4
51
4
r1
4
(b)
Sn > 20
a + 12d = 3

1 24

12
1 2

31 2

31 2 4
12
12

n
4 5 1 > 20
4
5 n1>5
4
5 n>6
4
n lg 5 > lg 6
4
n > 8.03
The least number of terms is 9.

(a) 12 22 + 32 42 + + (2n 1)2 (2n)2

+ (2n + 1)2
= n(2n + 1) + (2n + 1)2
= (2n + 1)(n + 2n + 1)
= (2n + 1)(n + 1)
(b) 212 222 + 232 242 + + 392 402
= (12 22 + 32 42 + + 392 402)
(12 22 + 32 42 + + 192 202)
= S20 S10
= 20(2(20) + 1) [10(2(10) + 1)]
= 820 (210) = 610
4 d = 2
un = a + (n 1)(2) = a + 2n 2
When n = 20, u20 = a + 2(20) 2 = a + 38
S20 = 1120
20(a u ) 1120
+ 20 =
2
10(a + a + 38) = 1120
2a = 74
a = 37
u20 = a + 38 = 37 + 38 = 75
5 (a)

3 312 224 + 332 424 + + 3(2n 1)2 (2n)24

= 3 7 11
a = 3, d = 4
Sn = n 36 + (n 1)(4)4
2
n
n
= (6 4n + 4) = (4n 2)
2
2
[Shown]
= n(2n + 1)

a = 3, d = 4, Sn = 820
Sn = n[2a + (n 1)d]
2
820 = n(6 + 4n 4)
2
1640 = n(2 + 4n)
n(1 + 2n) = 820
n + 2n2 820 = 0
(2n + 41)(n 20) = 0
n = 20 since n = 41 is not a solution.
2
T20 = 3 + 19(4) = 79

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 1

6/24/2015 5:36:59 PM

 (b) Since they form an A.P.,

(p2 + q2)2 (p2 2pq q2)2
= (p2 + 2pq q2)2 (p2 + q2)2

(p2 + q2 p2 2pq q2)(p2 + q2 p2

+ 2pq + q2)
= (p2 + 2pq + q2 + p2 + q2)(p2 + 2pq
q2 p2 q2)
(2p2 2pq)(2q2 + 2pq) = (2p2 + 2pq)
(2pq 2q2)
4pq(p q)(q + p) = 4pq(p + q)(p q)
LHS = RHS
[Shown]

7 If J, K, M is a G.P., then
K M
=
J K
K2 = MJ 1
(ark 1)2 = (arm 1) (arj 1)
r 2k 2 = r m 1 + j 1
2k 2 = m + j 2
k+k=m+j
k m = j k 2
and

6 (a) Sn = pn + qn2, S8 = 20, S13 = 39

(i) S8 = 8p + 64q
8p = 20 64q
p = 5 8q
1
2
S13 = 39
13p + 169q = 39
2
Substitute 1 into 2 ,
13 5 8q + 169q = 39
2
65 104q 169q 39
+
=
2
65q = 13
2
1
q=
10
5
1
17
p= 8
=
2
10
10
(ii) un = Sn Sn 1
= pn + qn2 [p(n 1) + q(n 1)2]
= p(n n + 1) + q[n2 (n 1)2]
= p + q[(n + n 1)(n n + 1)]
= p + q(2n 1)(1)
17 1 (2n 1)
=
+
10 10
17 n 1
8 n
=
+
= +
10 5 10
5

2k = m + j 3

1 2

(iii) To show that it is an A.P.,

un = 1 (8 + n)
5
un 1 = 1 [8 + (n 1)]
5
1
= (7 + n)
5
un un 1 = 1
5
Series is an A.P. with d = 1 = 0.2.
5
2

(k m)lg J + (m j)lg K + (j k)lg M

= lg Jk m + lg Km j + lg Mj k
= lg Jj k + lg Km j + lg Mj k [from 2 ]
= ( j k)(lg J + lg M) + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg JM + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg K2 + (m j)lg K
= 2(j k)lg K + (m j)lg K
= (2j 2k + m j)lg K
= (j + m 2k)lg K
= (2k 2k)lg K [from 3 ]
= 0

[Proven]

8 (a) A.P., a = 200, d = 400

Tn = a + ( n 1) d = 2000 + ( n 1)( 400)
= 400 n + 1600
= 400( n + 4)

(b) Sn =

n
n
( a + l ) = [ 2000 + 400 n + 1600]
2
2
=

n
( 400 n + 3600)
2

= 200n( n + 9)
(c)

Sn 200 000

200n(n + 9) 200 000

n2 + 9n 1000 0

n 36.44135, n 27.44135

n = 28

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 2

6/24/2015 5:37:02 PM

a(1 r5)
= 44 1
1r
S10 S5 = 11
8
a(1 r10) a(1 r5) 11
=
1r
1r
8
5
5
5
a(1 + r )(1 r ) a(1 r ) 11
2
=
1r
1r
8
5
a(1 r )(1 r5 1) 11
+
=
1r
8
Substitute 1 into 2 ,
44(r5) = 11
8
5
r = 1
32
r = 1[Shown]
2
5
1
a 1
2
= 44
1 1
2
a 1 + 1 = 66
32
a = 64
a
Sn =
1r
64
=
1 1
2
2
= 42
3
S5 = 44,

3 1 24
1 2
1
2

1 2

31
31

3+1
31
32 3+1
=
=2 3
31
u3 = u2r
= ( 3 1)(2 3)
=2 332+ 3
=3 35
u4 = u3r

10 (a) r =

= (3 3 5)(2 3)
= 6 3 3(3) 10 + 5 3
= 11 3 19

(b) r = 2 3[< 1]
3+1
S = a =
1 r 1 (2 3 )
3+1
3+1 3+2 3+1
=

=
2
31
3+1
=2+ 3

S6 7
= , u = 4
S3 8 2
8S6 = 7S3
1
ar = 4
a = 4 2
r
a(1 r6)
a(1 r3)
8
=7
1r
1r
6
8(1 r ) = 7(1 r3)
8 8r6 = 7 7r3
6
8r 7r3 1 = 0
3
(r 1)(8r3 + 1) = 0
r3 = 1 or 1
8
r = 1 since r = 1 is
2
not a solution.
a= 4 =8
1
2
8
1
(b) r = = 4, a = 2
5 2 5
Sn > 9.9
a(1 r n)
> 9.9
1r
n
2 1 4
5 > 9.9

1
5
n
1 4 > 0.99
5
4 n < 0.01
5
n lg 4 < lg (0.01)
5
n > 20.64

The least number of terms is 21.
11 (a)

4 3

1 2

3 1 24
12
12
12

12 u3 = S2
a(1 r2)
ar2 =
1r
ar2(1 r) = a(1 + r)(1 r)
ar2 = a(1 + r)
2
r r1=0
2
(1) (1) 4(1)(1)
r=
2
1 5
=
2
a=2
5
When r = 1 +
[|r| > 1], S doesnt exist
2
5
When r = 1
[|r| < 1],
2
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 3

6/24/2015 5:37:04 PM

a
1r
2
=
1 5
1
2

S =

1 5
4
2
=

1
+ 5 1 5
21+ 5
2

44 5
= 51
15

13 a = 3, r = 0.4
(a)
un < 0.02
n1
ar < 0.02
3(0.4)n 1 < 0.02
1
150
1
(n 1)lg 0.4 < lg
150
n 1 > 5.47
n > 6.47
The least number of terms is 7.
(b)
S Sn < 0.01
(0.4)n 1 <

a(1 r n)
a

< 0.01
1r
1r
a
n
(1 1 + r ) < 0.01
1r
3 n
(r ) < 0.01
0.6
0.4n < 2 103
n lg 0.4 < lg (2 103)
n > 6.78
The least number of terms is 7.

14 Sn = a + ar + ar2 + + arn 2 + arn 1 1

rSn = ar + ar2 + + arn 2 +
arn 1 + arn 2
1 2 ,
Sn rSn = a arn
Sn(1 r) = a(1 rn)
a(1 rn)
Sn =
[Shown]
1r
For S to exist, |r| < 1,
a(1 r)
a
lim
S
=
S
=
=

n n
1r
1r
4

a(1 r n)
a

S Sn 1 r
1r
=
a
S
1r
a [1 (1 r n)]
1r
=
a
1r
= r n[Shown]
16
(a) u4 = 18,
u7 =
3
16
3
6
ar = 18 1
ar =
2
3
2
16
1

, r3 =

3
18
1
8
r3 =
27
2
r=
3
3
2

a
= 18
3

a = 243
4
243
729
4
S =
=
2
4
1
3
S Sn
(b)
< 0.001
S
r n < 0.001

1 2
1 2
12

12

1 2

2n
< 0.001
3
2
n lg < lg 0.001
3
n > 17.04
The least value of n is 18.

12

2r 1
2r + 1

r(r 1) r(r + 1)
(r + 1)(2r 1) (2r + 1)(r 1)

=
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2
2r r + 2r 1 2r2 + 2r r + 1

=
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2r
2

[Verified]
=
=
r(r 1)(r + 1) (r 1)(r + 1)
15

2
(r 1)(r + 1)
n
2r 1
2r + 1

=
r(r + 1)
r = 2 r(r 1)
n

r=2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 4

6/24/2015 5:37:06 PM

n
2r 1

= [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) =
r=2
r(r 1)

= f(2) f(n + 1)
3
2n + 1 [Proven]
=
2 n(n + 1)
1
2

2 r = 2 (r 1)(r + 1)
1
3 2n + 1

= nlim
2 2 n(n + 1)

2 1
+
1
3
n n2

= nlim
2 2
1+1
n
1 3
3

= 0 =
2 2
4

1
1
r+2r

=
r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2) r(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
=
r(r + 1)(r + 2)
[Shown]
n
1

r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
2

=
2 r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
1
1

=
2 r = 1 r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2)
1
f(r) =
r(r + 1)
1 n

= [f(r) f(r + 1)]
2 r=1
1

= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1

=
2 2 (n + 1)(n + 2)
1 n2 + 3n + 2 2

=
2 2(n + 1)(n + 2)
n2 + 3n

=
4(n + 1)(n + 2)
16

3
3

1
A
B
17 (a)

+
(2r 1)(2r + 1) 2r 1 2r 1
1 A(2r + 1) + B(2r 1)
1
1
Let r = , Let r = ,
2
2

l = B(2) 1 = A(2)
1
1

B=
A=
2
2

1
1
1

=
(2r 1)(2r + 1) 2(2r 1) 2(2r + 1)
1 1
1

=
2 2r 1 2r + 1
2n
1
(b)
r = n (2r 1)(2r + 1)
2n
1
1
=

r = n 2(2r 1)
2(2r + 1)
1 2n
1 ,
= [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) =
2 r=n
2r 1
1
= [f(n) f(2n + 1)]
2
1
1
1
=

2 2n 1 4n + 1
1 4n + 1 2n + 1
=
2 (2n 1)(4n + 1)
n+1
an + b
=
=
(2n 1)(4n + 1) (2n 1)(4n + 1)

[Shown]
a = 1, b = 1
n+1
(c) lim
n (2n 1)(4n + 1)
1 1
+
n n2
= nlim
=0

8 2 12
n n

3
1

4
2

1
A
B

+
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2r + 1 2r + 3
l A(2r + 3) + B(2r + 1)
3
1
Let r = Let r =
2
2
1 = B(2) 1 = A(2)
1
1
B =
A=
2
2
1
1
1

=
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2(2r + 1) 2(2r + 3)
n
1

r = 1 (2r + 1)(2r + 3)
1 n
1
1

=
2 r = 1 2r + 1 2r + 3
1 n
1

= [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) =
2 r=1
2r + 1
1

= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1

=
2 3 2n + 3
1
1

=
6 2(2n + 3)
18 Let

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 5

6/24/2015 5:37:07 PM

 To test for the convergence,

1
1

lim 1
=
n
6 2(2n + 3)
6
The series converges to 1.
6

S` = 1
6

19

n = 25

n = 25

= f(n) f(0)
n+1 1

=
n+2 2
2(n + 1) (n + 2)
=
2(n + 2)
2n + 2 n 2
=
2(n + 2)
n
=
2(n + 2)

1
1

2n 1
2n + 1

2
[f(n) f(n + 1)] 3f(n) =

1
2n 1

= f(25) f(N + 1)
1
1

=
50 1
2N + 1
1
1

=
7
2N + 1

1
1
1
un = nlim
=

n = 25
7
7
2n + 1

(r + 1)! r! (r + 1)r! r!
1
20 1
=
=
r!(r + 1)!
r!(r + 1)!
r! (r + 1)!
r
[Shown]
=
(r + 1)!
n
n
r
1
1
=

(r + 1)!
r = 1 (r + 1)!
r = 1 r!

= [f(r) f(r + 1)],

f(r) = 1
r!
= f(1) f(n + 1)
1
=1
(n + 1)!
r+1
r

r+2 r+1
(r + 1)2 r(r + 2)

=
(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
r + 2r + 1 r2 2r

=
(r + 1)(r + 2)
1

[Shown]
=
(r + 1)(r + 2)
n
n
r+1
r
1

=
r
2
r
+
+1
r = 1 (r + 1)(r + 2)
r=1
21

3f(r) = rr ++ 124
6

1
A
B

+
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4n 1 4n + 3
l A(4n + 3) + B(4n 1)
3
1
Let n = Let n =
4
4
1 = B(4)
1 = A(4)
1
1
B =
A=
4
4
1
1 1
1

=
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4 4n 1 4n + 3
23 Let

= [f(r) f(r 1)],

r=1

r=1

22 f(r) f(r 1)
1
1

=
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) (2r 1)(2r + 1)
2r 1 2r 3

=
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
4

[Shown]
=
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
n
1

r = 1 (2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
4
1 n

=
(2r

1)(2r
4 r=1
+ 1)(2r + 3)
n
1

= [f(r) f(r 1)]
4 r=1
1
f(r) =
(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
1

= [f(n) f(0)]
4
1
1

1
=
4 (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 3
1
1

=
12 4(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
4n2 + 6n + 2n + 3 3

=
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
4n2 + 8n

=
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
n2 + 2n

=
3(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 6

6/24/2015 5:37:09 PM

 Let f(r) =

1
4r + 3

313 + 14 n +1 3 n +1 44
7
2n + 7

= n 43
12 (n + 3)(n + 4)4
7(n + 7n + 12) 12(2n + 7)

= n 43
4
12(n + 3)(n + 4)

=n4

1
1
1 n

4r

1
4r
4 r
+3
=1
n
1

= [f(r 1) f(r)]
4 r=1
1

= [f(0) f(n)]
4
1 1 1

=
4 3 4n + 3
1 4n + 3 3
n

=
=
4 3(4n + 3)
3(4n + 3)

3
3

4
4

24 f(x) = x + x + 1
1
x x+1
1 =

f(x)
x x+1
x+ x+1
x x+1
=
x (x + 1)
= x+1 x
24
24
1 = 1 x x + 12
x = 1 f(x)
x=1
= ( 1 2 + 2 3 + +
24 25)
= (1 5) = 4
25 Using long division,
1
2
2
x + 6x + 8 2 x + 6x + 0
x2 + 6x + 8
8
x(x + 6)
8

1
(x + 2)(x + 4)
(x + 2)(x + 4)
8
A
B
Let

,
+
(x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 4)
8 A(x + 4) + B(x + 2)
Let x = 4,
Let x = 2,
8 = B(2) 8 = A(2)
B = 4
A=4
x(x + 6)
4
4

=1
+
(x + 2)(x + 4)
x+2 x+4
n
4
4
1
+

x
2
x
+
+4
x=1
n
n
1
1

= 1 4
x
2
x
+
+4
x=1
x=1
1 1 1 1 1 1

=n4 + + +
3 5 4 6 5 7
1
1
1
1

+
+
n+1 n+3 n+2 n+4

7n2 + 49n + 84 24n 84

3(n + 3)(n + 4)
7n2 + 25n

=n
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
3n(n + 3)(n + 4) n(7n + 25)

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 7n + 12) 7n 25]

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 21n + 36 7n 25]

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(3n2 + 14n + 11)

=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(n + 1)(3n + 11)

[Shown]
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)

=n

26 (2 + 3 x) 4 = 24 + 4(23 )(3 x) + 6(22 )(3 x) 2 +

4(2) (3 x)3 + (3 x) 4
= 16 + 96 x + 216 x 2 + 216 x3 +
81x 4

[2 + (-3x)]4 = 24 + 4(23 )(-3x) + 6(22 ) (-3x)2

+ 4(2)(-3x)3 + (-3x) 4
= 16 - 96 x + 216 x 2 - 216 x 3 +
81x 4
(2 + 3x) 4 - (2 + 3x) 4 = 192 x + 432 x 3
Let x = 2 ,
(2 + 3 2 )4 - (2 + 3 2 )4
= 192 2 + 432 ( 2 )3
= 1056 2

27 (a) x +

1
x

= x5 + 5x 4
10 x 2

1
x

1
1
+ 10 x 3
x
x

+ 5x

1
x

= x 5 + 5 x 3 + 10 x + 10
5

1
x

1
+
x

1
1
+ 5
3
x
x

1 3
1
1
x
= x 3 + 3x 2
+ 3x
+
ACE AHEAD
Mathematics
(T)
First
Term
Second
Edition
x
x
7
x
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 7

6/24/2015 5:37:11 PM

= x 5 + 5 x 3 + 10 x + 10

1
+
x

1
1
+ 5
3
x
x

1
x
x

= x + 3x
3

1
1

+ 3x
+
x
x

1
1
3
x
x

= x 3 3x + 3

1
x+
x

1
x
x

= 64 + 576x + 2160x2 480x 4320x2

+ 1440x2

1
1
+5 3 +
10
x
x

10 x 3

1
x 3 3x +
x5

=1

( )

3
+ 5 x 3 ( 3 x ) + 10 x x 3
x
= 3 x 4 15 x 4 + 10 x 4

= 2 x 4

Coefficient of x4 = 2

(b) Tr +1 =
=

( )
( )
( )

6
=
r
=

6r

x2

(2 x )
1

2 x122 r x r
r

2 x123r

= 1

3
+x
2

15
9
x 5 x 2 + 10 x 2
+ 3x + x 2
2
4

10(9)
2 2
(3x + 2x )
2

= 1 + 30x + 425x2 + 3780x3

Coefficient of x3 = 3780

[2 + C1(2) (3x) + C2(2) (3x) + ]

6

+ 5x 4

(b) (1 + x)1(4 + x2)

The term independent of x is the term

where 12 3r = 0

r=4
5
3
28 (a) 1 x (2 + 3x)6
2
2
3
3
= 1 + 5C1 x + 5C2 x +
2
2

3
+x
2

10(9)(8)
2 3
(3x + 2x )
3!
= 1 + 30x + 20x2 + 45(9x2 + 12x3)
+ 120(27x3)

6
r

29 (a) 1 + 10(3x + 2x2) +

n n r r
a b
r
6
r

3
3
+ x + 10 x 2
+x
2
2

10x 3

Terms containing x4
= x5

81
27 27
x + 5x 4
+ 6 x + x4 +
+
16
8
4
15
45 2
= 1 x 5x 2 +
x + 30 x 3 + 10 x 4
2
2
135 3 135 4 405 4
x +
x +
x
4
2
16
15
35 2 15 3 515 4
=1- x +
x - x x
2
5
4
16

1
1
3
x
x

= 1 5x

[Shown]

3
= 1 x + x
2

3
(b) 1 x x 2
2

= x + 5 x + 10 x +
5

= 720x2 + 96x + 64

15
45 2
x+
x (64 + 576x + 2160x2)
2
2

= 1+

1
1(2) 2
(x) +
(x) +
1!
2!
1

1(2)(3) 3 1 22
x2
(x) +
4
1+
4
3!

1 2
1
x
= (1 x + x2 x3 + )1 + 2
2
1! 4

1 2

1 2

1 3 2 2
2 2 x
+
+
4
2!
1
x2
= (1 x + x2 x3 + ) 1
+
8
2

1 2

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 8

6/24/2015 5:37:13 PM

1
1

1
x2
x3
1
x+
+ x2 x3
8
8
2
1
7
7
= 1 x + x2 x3 +
2
8
8
where |x| < 1
=

A
Bx + C
+
1 x 1 + x2
1 + 2x + 3x2 A(1 + x2) + (Bx + C)(1 x)
Let x = 1,
1 + 2 + 3 = A(2)
A=3
Let x = 0,
1 = 3(1) + (0 + C)(1)
C = 2
Let x = 1,
1 2 + 3 = 3(2) + [B + (2)](2)
2 = 6 4 2B
B=0
Hence, f(x) = 3 2 2
1x 1+x
f(x) = 3(1 x)1 2(1 + x2)1
1
1(2)
2
(x)
= 3 1 + (x) +
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
3
(x) +
+
3!
1
2 1 + (x)2 +
1!
= 3(1 + x + x2 + x3 + ) 2(1 x2 + )
= 3 + 3x + 3x2 + 3x3 2 + 2x2
= 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 3x3 where |x| < 1
[Shown]
6
6
( 5 + 2) ( 5 2)
31 (a)
8 5
[( 5 + 2)3 + ( 5 2)3][( 5 + 2)3
( 5 2)3]
=
8 5
( 5 + 2 + 5 2)[( 5 + 2)2
( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
( 5 + 2 5 + 2)[( 5 + 2)2
+ ( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
=
8 5
[2 5(5 + 4 5 + 4 1 + 5
4 5 + 4)] [(4)(5 + 4 5
+ 4 + 1 + 5 4 5 + 4)]
=
8 5
= (17)(19)
= 323

(b) (1 3x)3

1 21 2

30 Let f(x)

1 2

1 2
1
3
(3x) + 3 3 (3x)2
= 1+
1!
2!
1 2 5
3 3
3 (3x)3
+
+
3!
5
1
= 1 x x2 x3 where |x| <
3
3
When x = 1,
8
1
3
1
3
5
5
(1 3x)3 =
=
8
2
2
3
11 1 5 1
8 8
3 8
1315
3
(2)
5
1536
1315 = 1.17
768
[2 decimal places]

12

12

12

( 2n)( 2n - 1)
( - y)2 +
32 (1 - y ) 2 n = 1 + 2n( - y ) +
2
!

= 1 + 2ny + n ( 2n - 1) y 2 +
( -2n)( -2n - 1) 2
(1 + y ) -2 n = 1 + ( -2n ) ( y) +
( y) +
2
!

= 1 - 2ny + n ( 2n + 1) y 2 +

1 y
1+ y

2n

= (1 y )

(1 + y )2 n
= (1 2ny + n ( 2n 1) y 2 + )
(1 2ny + n (2n + 1) y 2 + )
2n

= 1 2ny + n( 2n + 1) y 2 2ny +
4 n2 y 2 + n ( 2n 1) y 2

2n

1 y

1 + y
Let y =

1
8

49
51

= 1 4 ny + 8n2 y 2 +

1
1
,n =
50
16

1 1

1
150
1
1 + 50

= 1 4 ny + 8n2 y 2

1
8

1- 4

1
16

1
1
+8
50
10

1
50

79 601
80 000

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 9

6/24/2015 5:37:15 PM

 33 (1 x)10 = 1 10x + 45x2 +

(1 + 2x2)3 = 1 + 6x2 +
(1 + ax)5 = 1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 +
(1 + bx2)4 = 1 + 4bx2 +
(1 x)10 (1 + 2x2)3 (1 + ax)5 (1 + bx2)4

= (1 10x + 45x2 + )(1 + 6x2 + )
(1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 + )(1 + 4bx2 + )

= 1 + 6x2 10x + 45x2 1 4bx2 5ax
10a2x2 +
10 5a = 0
6 + 45 4b 10a2 = 0
a = 2 6 + 45 4b 40 = 0
b = 11
4
5
3
1
1
34 (a) x +
x
x
x
1
1
1
= x5 + 5(x)4
+ 10x3 2 + 10x2 3
x
x
x
1
1
1
+ 5x 4 + 5 x3 + 3(x)2
x
x
x
2
3
1
1
+ 3x
+
x
x
10 5
1
= x5 + 5x3 + 10x +
+ 3 + 5
x
x
x
3 1
x3 3x + 3
x x
To obtain x4 term,
3
= + x5
+ 5x3(3x) + 10x(x3) +
x
= 3x 4 15x 4 + 10x 4 = 2x 4
The coefficient of x 4 term is 2.
1
5 3x
(b) (1 + x)5 +
5 + 2x
1 4
1
= 1 + 5 (x) + 5 5 (x)2
1!
2!
1 4 9
5 5
5 (x)3
+
+
3!
(5 + 3x)(5 + 2x)1
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
2 1
(5 + 3x)(5)1 1 + x
5
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
1
1 2
(5 + 3x)
1+
x
5
1! 5

21

2
12

1 2

1 2 43
1 2 1 24

1
1

1 2

1 2

12

1 2

1 21 2

1 23

1 2

1 2

1 24

1(2) 2 2 1(2)(3) 2
x +
x
+
2! 5
3!
5
10

1
2
6 3 1
x (5 + 3x)
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
2
4 2
8 3
1 x+ x
x
5
25
125
1
2
6 3 1
x
5 2x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
4
8
6
12
+ x2 x3 + 3x x2 + x3
5
25
5
25
1
2 2
6 3
1
2
x 1 x + x2
= 1 + x x +
5
25
125
5
25
4 3 2 3
2

x =
x where |x| < [Shown]
125
125
5
2
Hence, p =
125
By using x = 0.02,
253
1
2
3
(0.02)
(1.02)5 50 =
252 125
50

= 1.28 107[Shown]
2 7
35 (1 + ax + bx )

= [(1 + ax) + (bx2)]7

= 7Cr (1 + ax)7 r (bx2)r
x term:

= 7C0(1 + ax)7

= 7C0[7C1 (ax)]

= 7ax
x2 term:

= 7C0(1 + ax)7 + 7C1(1 + ax)6 (bx2)

= 7C0[7C2(ax)2] + 7C1[6C0(ax)0 (bx2)]

= 21a2x2 + 7bx2

= (21a2 + 7b)x2
7a = 1
21a2 + 7b = 0
1
12
a = 21
+ 7b = 0
7
7
3
7b =
7
3
b=
49
Let (1 + ax + bx2)7 = 1 + x
1
1
3
(1 + x)7 = 1 + x x2 + where |x| < 1
7
49
By using x = 0.014,
1
3

2
7 1.014 1 + (0.014)
(0.014)
7
49
1.001988 [6 decimal places]
7
36 (1 + x)
1 2x

= (1 + x)7 (1 2x)1
1

= [1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ] 1 + (2x)
1!
1(2)
1(2)(3)
2
(2x) +
(2x)3 +
+
2!
3!

1 2
1 2

12

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 10

6/24/2015 5:37:17 PM


= (1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ) (1 + 2x + 4x2
+ 8x3 + )

= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 7x + 14x2 + 28x3
+ 21x2 + 42x3 + 35x3 +
1

= 1 + 9x + 39x2 + 113x3 + where |x| <
2
[Shown]
Using x = 0.01,
(0.99)7

1 + 9(0.01) + 39(0.01)2
(1.02)
+ 113(0.01)3 +
0.914 [3 decimal places]
37 1 + x

= (1 + x)2
1 1
1
2 2 (x)2
2

= 1 + (x) +
2!
1!
1 1 3
2 2
2 (x)3
+
3!
1 1 3 5
2 2
2
2 (x)4
+
+
4!
x x2 x3
5 4 

x +
1
=1+
+
2 8 16 128
1(6 x) (2 x)1

+
+
4
1
6+x
x
1

2 1+
=
4
2
6+x 1
1 x
1(2) x 2

1+ +

=
4
2
1! 2
2! 2
1(2)(3) x 3 1(2)(3)(4) x 4

+
+
3!
2
4!
2
6+x 1
x x2 x3 x 4

1 +

=
+
8 16
4
2
2 4
6 + x 1 x x2 x3 x 4

+

=
+
+
4
2 4 8 16 32
x x2 x3 x 4

 2
=1+
+
2 8 16 32
To obtain the error,
x x2 x3
5 4
1 2 , 1 +

x
+
2 8 16 128
x x2 x3 x4
1 +

+
2 8 16 32
5 4 x4
=
x +
32
128
x4
=
128
x4
The error is approximately
.[Shown]
128

1 2

1 21 2

1 21 21 2

4
12

12

12

1 24
2

1
1

( )

( ) ( )


1

2
1

b
b 2
38 ( a + b) = a 1 + = a 2 1 +
a
a

1 1
1

1
1
1
2
1
b
b
+2 2
a2 1+
= a 2 1 +
2 a
a
2!

1 1
1
2
1
2
b
2
+2 2
a
3!
3

b
+
a

1
2

= a2 1+

b
b
2+
2 a 8a

b3
1
+
16 a3 1
1
1
b 2
a b 2 = a2 1
a
b3
b
b2
+ 2
= a2 1
2
2a 8a 16 a3
1 2
1
1
1
2b 2 b 3
a + b 2 a b 2 = a2
+
2a 16 a3
1
b b3
= a2
+
a 8a 3

Let a = 4, b = 1
1
1
1
5 - 3 = 42 +
4 8 43

129
=
256

( )

5- 3

)(

5 + 3 =5-3
=2

129
256

(
(

)
256
3) = 2
129

5+ 3 =2
5+

512
129

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 11

11

6/24/2015 5:37:19 PM

1
1 + 3x 1 + x

1 + 3x + 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
=
1 + 3x (1 + x)
1
= 1 1 + 3x 1 + x[Shown]
2x
1
1
1
(1 + 3x)2 (1 + x)2
2x
1 1
1
1
2

1 + (3x) + 2 2 (3x)2
=
2x
1!
2!
39 y =

1 2

53

1 21 2

43

1 1 3
1
2 2 2 (3x)3 1 2 (x)
+
+
+
1!
3!
1 1
1 1 3
2 2 (x)2 2 2 2 (x)3
+
+
+
2!
3!
1
3
9
27
x

1 + x x2 + x3+ 1 +
=
2x
2
8
16
2
x2 x3
+
+
8 16
1
13

x x2 + x3 +
=
2x
8
1 x 13

= + x2
2 2 16
1
Using x =
,
100
1

y=
1 + 3x + 1 + x
1
=
103
101
+
100
100
1
10
1
13 1 2
100 +
=
16 100
2
103 + 101 2

1 2

1 21 2

31

2 1

46

24

1 2

1 2

79 213

[Shown]
160 000
40 (a) 3 5x + 3x2
A(1 + x2) + (B + Cx)(1 2x)
1
Let x = ,
2
5 5
= (A)
4 4
A=1
Let x = 0,
3 = 1(1 + 0) + (B + 0)(1)
B=2
12

Let x = 1,
1 = 1(2) + (2 + C)(1)
C+2=1
C = 1
1
1(2)
2
(b) (1 2x)1 = 1 + (2x) +
(2x)
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
3
(2x)
+
3!
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3
1
(1 + x2)1 = 1 + (x2) +
1!
2
1

x
=
(c) (3 5x + 3x2)(1 2x)1(1 + x2)1
1
2x
=
+
1 2x 1 + x2
= 1(1 2x)1 + (2 x)(1 + x2)1
= 1(1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3) + (2 x)(1 x2)

= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 2 2x2 x + x3

= 3 + x + 2x2 + 9x3

a = 1, b = 2, c = 9

41 (a) ur =
=
=

( )

1
3

2 r +1

1
3

2 r +1

1
3

2 r +1

2 r +1 2

1
3

1
3

+9

1+ 9

10
32 r +1

(b) It is a G.P. with a =

Sn =

2r + 1

a 1 rn

1 r
10
1
1
7
9

=
1
1
9
5
1
= 1
12
9

5
S =
12

10
1
and r =
27
9

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term Second Edition

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015

Chapter 2.indd 12

6/24/2015 5:37:22 PM