PRO/II CASEBOOK

Air Separation Plant

ABSTRACT
The production of oxygen and nitrogen is an essential step in many chemical processes. Argon is also widely
used as an inerting gas. Computer simulation is an essential tool in the design of new air separation plants
and in modifying existing designs to meet new requirements.
This casebook demonstrates the use of PRO/II in simulating an air separation process. The process has
nitrogen, oxygen and argon products. The simulation includes precooling the air and the use of a turboexpander to produce the refrigeration. The process contains one material recycle and a number of thermal
recycles.
The process involves separating close boiling components at very low temperatures. Special thermodynamics are used in order to predict the separations accurately.

Casebook #5. Air Separation Plant

Rev. 0 February 1993
PRO/II is a registered mark of SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.
Copyright 1993, SIMULATION SCIENCES INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

SIMSCI
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INTRODUCTION
Air separation is a commercially important process because both oxygen and nitrogen are essential materials
in todays process industries. The main constituents of air are nitrogen and oxygen with a small amount of
argon. There are also traces of other rare gases but these are only present in ppm.
Oxygen
The steel industry is the major oxygen consumer using over 50% of all production. Oxygen is injected into
furnaces to give more efficient combustion than air.
The manufacture of chemicals uses another 20% of oxygen production. Of this, the manufacture of ethylene
oxide and acetylene take about 60%, while titanium dioxide, propylene oxide and vinyl acetate take another
30% or more. The chemical industry uses a further 10% of oxygen production for partial oxidation processes
such as ammonia and methanol production.
Other uses for the remaining 20% of oxygen produced include: coal gasification and liquefaction; oxy-acetylene welding; non-ferrous metallurgical processes; waste water treatment; and medical applications.
Nitrogen
Around 25% of nitrogen produced is used as a gaseous blanket to exclude oxygen and moisture. This may
be to reduce explosion hazards in hydrocarbon liquid storage or to avoid corrosion with liquids such as sulfuric
acid.
In the metals industry, nitrogen is used as a blanket to prevent oxidation of the metal during smelting and to
cool and purge molds of oxygen before pouring in the metal. The metals industry uses about 15% of nitrogen
produced.
Another 25% of nitrogen is used in the oil exploration industry. Gaseous nitrogen is used for enhanced oil
recovery to maintain pressure in the wells. Liquid nitrogen is used to fracture the production section of oil
wells.
A rapidly growing area for the use of nitrogen is the electronics industry which uses about 15% of current
production. Very high purity nitrogen is used to provide an inert, dust-free, environment for the production
of complex miniature components.
Liquid nitrogen is widely used in cryogenic applications such as: food freezing and refrigeration; low
temperature metal treatment; shrink fitting of parts; the storage of biological materials such as blood and
organs; and in cryosurgical procedures.
The nitrogen must be dry and have a low oxygen content. The amount of oxygen allowed depends on the
application and some typical values are shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Nitrogen Purities for Various Applications
Application

Phase

Purity (ppm Oxygen)

Refineries, hydrogen storage blanketing

gas

5000

Pharmaceuticals, food and drink

gas and liquid

1-200

Electronics

gas and liquid

0.5-100

Well fracturing

liquid

1-10

Argon
The steel industry is probably the largest user of argon because of its inert properties. It is used to remove
oxygen from molds in pressure die-casting and to protect the molten metal in continuous casting.
Argon is also widely used as a high-grade inerting medium in welding in order to prevent oxidation at the
welded joint. It must be used in preference to nitrogen in high quality aluminium welding to avoid the formation
of nitrides.
Other uses of argon are: to fill light bulbs; gas chromatography; and as an inert medium or carrier gas in the
production of semiconductors.

Manufacture
The vast majority of nitrogen, oxygen and argon is produced by the cryogenic separation of air. Nitrogen may
also be separated from oxygen by the combustion of hydrocarbons in air. This process, which also produces
carbon dioxide, does not produce the same high purity nitrogen as cryogenic separation and is much less
common today.
Oxygen can also be obtained by the electrolytic dissociation of water but this is expensive and virtually all
oxygen is produced from air. A small amount of medium purity (90-95%) oxygen is produced by pressure
swing adsorption processes but cryogenic separation is the predominant method. This is because, in addition
to allowing the production of large quantities of high purity oxygen, cryogenic processes can produce oxygen
as a liquid.
Virtually all argon is produced from the cryogenic separation of air processes. A small amount of argon is
also produced as a by-product from ammonia synthesis. The purge drawn from the synthesis loop contains
up to 6.5 mole per cent argon which may be recovered by cryogenic technology.
The configuration of a cryogenic separation process depends on which products are to be made together
with the phases and purities required. In small plants which supply only nitrogen or oxygen, the separation
is usually carried out in a single distillation column. However, in larger plants, the use of a single column is
generally inefficient.
Large plants must produce both nitrogen and oxygen in order to be economic and a double column
configuration is generally used. The only large single column process in commercial use produces mainly
liquid products. This is economic because the energy required for the liquefaction masks any inefficiencies
in the gas separation. Double column processes employ pressure difference to allow energy integration
between the columns.
Argon has a boiling point between those of nitrogen and oxygen and so it builds up within the distillation
columns. It is removed as a side draw into another distillation column where it is removed overhead. The
remaining gases are returned to the nitrogen/oxygen separation column. Because of the increasing demand
for argon, more and more air separation plants now incorporate argon recovery.
Most air separation plants can produce only small amounts (0-10%) of the products as liquid. If more liquid
products are required, then additional refrigeration must be supplied. If the plant is to produce predominantly
liquid products, a liquefier can be integrated into the process at the design stage. Alternatively, a separate
liquefier may be built so that it can be used to liquefy oxygen or nitrogen products as market conditions
require.
The size of separation plants can vary considerably. Small plants will produce less than 0.1x106 kg/day of
oxygen whereas large plants may produce up to 2.2x106 kg/day.

PROCESS OVERVIEW
The separation process in this casebook produces gaseous nitrogen, oxygen and argon products. Part of
the oxygen is also produced as liquid. The plant produces approximately 1.5x106 kg/day of oxygen. The
flowsheet is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Air Separation Flowsheet

The separation of oxygen and nitrogen is carried out in a double distillation column. This consists of two
separate columns which are physically placed one on top of the other. The bottom column (HP Column)
operates at higher pressure and its condenser is the reboiler for the upper, lower pressure, column (LP
Column). The HP Column bottom product is fed to the LP Column as feed and the reflux to the LP Column
is provided by the liquid top product from the HP Column.
The Argon Column takes a vapor side draw from the LP Column and returns its bottom product to the tray
below the draw. The argon product is drawn overhead.

Feedstocks and Products

Feed
Ignoring the impurities and traces of rare gases, the composition of dry air is as follows:

Table 2
Air Composition
Component

Mole %

Nitrogen

78.11

Argon

0.93

Oxygen

20.96

Products
Because the main uses of nitrogen are to exclude oxygen, the nitrogen product must contain very little oxygen.
This is 0.5 to 5000 ppm depending on the purpose of the nitrogen. In this study, the amount of oxygen in
the nitrogen product must not exceed 10ppm. Impurities in the oxygen product are not as tightly controlled
but the purity must be greater than 99.5%.
Argon is also used to exclude oxygen and may also contain only a very small amounts of oxygen as an
impurity. However, the relative volatility of argon to oxygen is about 1.1 at the top of the Argon Column and
so it is not practical to remove all the oxygen by distillation. If the columns are efficient, the argon product
contains 0.5-1% nitrogen with an oxygen content of 1-2%. The argon is then further treated by catalytic
deoxygenation where the remaining oxygen is burned with hydrogen.
The feed and product compositions and conditions are shown in Table 3 in the results section at the end of
this casebook.

Feed Pretreatment
The air used in the separation process must first be dried and other impurities removed. The impurities will
include carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethylene and acetylene. Other impurities may be present
depending on the location of the plant. There are two basic methods for removing the impurities before the
separation process:
chilling with Freon followed by molecular sieve adsorption;
using reversing exchangers to alternately freeze and sublime the impurities.
Molecular sieves are generally used in small plants while large plants (over 0.5x106 kg/day) generally use
reversing exchangers as these have a lower pressure loss. However, molecular sieves are now becoming
more common in larger plants.

Air Refrigeration
The normal boiling points of nitrogen and oxygen are 77K and 90K respectively. This means that the air
must be cooled to very low temperatures for the separation. The air feed is cooled as much as possible by
exchange with the gaseous product streams but additional refrigeration is required to compensate for heat
loss and the production of liquid products.
Small plants provide the refrigeration by compressing the air to high pressure (typically 150 atmospheres)
and using the Joule-Thomson effect to cool it as it expands through a valve. In large plants, the compression
costs become too high for this to be economic. These plants only compress the feed air to about 6-8
atmospheres. The feed is split and about 10% is compressed, cooled and passed through a turbo-expander.
The work produced by the expander is used to drive the compressor.

High Pressure Column

The main air feed enters the HP Column which operates at a pressure of about 6 atmospheres. The column
separates nitrogen from argon and oxygen, producing a pure liquid nitrogen product overhead. This product

contains a few ppm oxygen with less than 0.2% argon. If a liquid nitrogen product is required from the
process, it is drawn from the top of the HP Column.
The flowrate of the bottom product from the HP Column is about 60% of the feed rate and it contains about
35% oxygen, 1% argon with the remainder being nitrogen.

Low Pressure Column

The LP Column operates at about 1.5 atmospheres and separates the nitrogen and oxygen to give pure
products of each. The lower pressure gives better separation as it increases the relative volatility between
the nitrogen and oxygen. The overhead product is gaseous nitrogen with the same purity as the liquid
nitrogen product from the HP Column. Both liquid and gaseous oxygen are drawn from the bottom of the
column. Because argon is removed from the side draw, the oxygen will be better than 99.5% pure.
The main oxygen feed to the LP Column is the bottom product from the HP Column. It is subcooled by
exchange with the low pressure nitrogen product and is used to provide the cooling in the Argon Column
condenser. It then enters the LP Column with a liquid fraction in the region of 50%. The air from the
turbo-expander is fed a few trays below the main feed.
The reflux in the LP Column is supplied by the liquid nitrogen product from the HP Column. This stream is subcooled
by exchange with the low pressure nitrogen product and flashed through a valve to give a 90% liquid reflux.

Argon Column
The Argon Column feed is a vapor side draw from the bottom section of the LP Column and the argon vapor is
removed overhead. Because nitrogen is more volatile than argon, any nitrogen in the feed will leave in the argon
product. It is therefore essential that the feed contains very little nitrogen. In order to ensure this, the draw from
the LP Column is taken a few trays below the maximum argon concentration. The draw rate is about 20% of the
air feed rate to the plant and only about 4% of the draw stream is removed as argon product.

ENERGY INTEGRATION
The process has a high level of energy integration as all the cooling is supplied from the feed pressure. There
is no other refrigeration in the process. The main air feed is cooled to its dew point by exchange with the
products. These are also heated by the product from the compressor.
The compressor is driven by the expander and so its work also derives from the feed stream pressure.
The pressures in the LP and HP Columns are set to ensure that the HP Column condenser can provide heat
for the LP Column reboiler. This means that the pressure in the HP Column must be sufficient to raise the
overhead temperature 2-3K above that of the LP Column bottoms.
The cooling in the Argon Column condenser is provided by the HP Column bottom product. The pressure
is let down to ensure that its temperature is below the Argon Column top temperature.
The HP Column products are both liquid and supply the reflux in the LP Column. As the pressures are
reduced, they will vaporize and this reduces the available reflux. The LP Column overhead product is used
to subcool these products and this reduces the vaporization.

MATERIAL RECYCLE
This flowsheet contains only one material recycle - between the LP and Argon Columns. The flow in these
streams is large compared to the product produced in the Argon Column. It consists of about 90% oxygen
with the remainder mostly argon. The draw from the LP Column contains in the region of 0.01% nitrogen.

PROCESS SIMULATION
The Simulation Flowsheet differs from the process flowsheet in Figure 1 in that it includes stream identifiers
and shows the way the simulation is solved. Parts of the simulation flowsheet are shown within the following
text. The complete simulation flowsheet may be found in Appendix A.

The full input for the simulation may be found in Appendix B. Extracts from the input are shown here to
illustrate points of interest. For detailed explanations of all the input data, please refer to the PRO/II Keyword
Input Manual, which may be obtained from SimSci (Addresses on Page 2).

General Data
There is a recycle between the LP Column and the Argon Column. Because the nitrogen concentration in
the recycle is small, the threshold mole fraction limit for trace components is reduced. Otherwise, the nitrogen
balance would not be checked in the convergence test.
In order to check the overall material balance, the PRINT MBAL option instructs PRO/II to print out an overall
balance over the flowsheet.

DIME METRIC,TEMP=K,PRES=ATM
PRINT MBAL,STREAM=PART,RATE=M,FRAC=M
TOLERANCE STREAM=,,1.0E-5

Component Data
All the components in the simulation are in the PRO/II databank.

Thermodynamic Data
The importance of accurate thermodynamic calculations for this simulation cannot be overemphasized. The
product purities are specified in terms of parts per million and temperature differences are only a few degrees.
Any inaccuracies in the thermodynamic calculations must, therefore, have a significant effect on the results.
The Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is suitable for the equilibrium, enthalpy and vapor density
calculations for light gases such as those in this simulation. Ideal liquid densities are used as they give better
results for these components than the default API method.
However, the boiling points of nitrogen and oxygen are only 13K apart and those of nitrogen and argon are
only separated by 3K. It is therefore essential to use binary interaction parameters obtained near those
conditions used in the process for each pair of components in order to obtain an accurate simulation model.
The SIMSCI databank provides interaction parameters which cover a wide range of temperatures and
pressures. For more accurate results, parameters should be derived for the specific temperature and
pressure ranges in the simulation.
The best source of these parameters is always in-house data if these are available. Most companies who
work with these plants will have derived interaction parameters in the past. If not available in-house,
parameters may be obtained from the literature or by regressing experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data.
The SimSci program, REGRESSTM, should be used for any regression as this ensures that the data are
fitted to the same form of the equation of state used in the PRO/II program.
This simulation uses separate interaction data for the high and low pressure sections of the process. The
nitrogen/oxygen and the argon/oxygen interactions were obtained by regressing data for the specific pressure
range from Gmehling & Onken1 using the REGRESS program. The low pressure nitrogen/argon parameter
is the Gmehling & Onken regressed value. For the high pressure column, the nitrogen/argon interaction is
assumed ideal and is set to zero.
The input and part of the output for one of the REGRESS runs is shown in Appendix C.
1

Recommended Data of Selected Compounds and Binary Mixtures, Parts 1 and 2, 1987, DECHEMA
Chemistry Data Series, Vol, IV, Stephan, K., ed., DECHEMA, Germany.

The thermodynamic data input for the PRO/II simulation is shown below.
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
$ Low pressure data
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK,DENS(L)=IDEAL,SET=1,DEFAULT
KVAL(VLE)
SRK 1,3,-0.00694/&
1,2,0.0056/&
2,3,0.01574
$ High pressure data
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK,DENS(L)=IDEAL,SET=2
KVAL(VLE)
SRK 1,3,-0.01089/&
1,2,0.0/&
2,3,0.01697

The individual thermodynamic sets are specified in each unit operation by METHOD statements such as:
METHOD SET=2

which selects the high pressure data.

Stream Data
There is only one feed stream to the process which is the air feed. It comes from the purification stage where
the water and carbon dioxide are removed. The temperature is, typically, 278K.
There is a recycle between the Argon Column and the LP Column and an initial estimate must be supplied
for the return stream to the LP Column. This is necessary because the argon product flowrate is low
compared to the return stream - about 4% of the feed.
If the return stream is not known, then its flowrate can be estimated as 20% of the feed air flowrate and it is
about 90% oxygen with the rest consisting of argon.
The stream data input is shown below. The important streams are given names to enable them to be easily
identified on the output.
STREAM DATA
PROP STRM=1,TEMP=278,PRES=6,RATE=9386,COMP=78.11/0.93/20.96
$ RECYCLE FROM ARGON COLUMN - INITIAL ESTIMATE
PROP STRM=16,PHASE=L,PRES=1.32,COMP=0.0/10/90,RATE=1800
NAME 1,AIR FEED/8,HP BTMS/12,HP OVHD/15,ARG FEED/&
16,ARG BTMS/17,AR PRODUCT/20,N2 PRODUCT/23,O2 GAS/&
21,O2 LIQUID

Calculation Sequence
The best strategy for solving this flowsheet is to start with the distillation columns rather than following the
air feed stream through the process because the cold stream temperatures into the exchanger are unknown.

The feed to the HP Column is set at its dew point and the air feed to the LP Column is 5K above its dew
point.
The calculation then starts at the HP Column. After it is solved, the products are set to the correct pressures
and liquid fractions for the LP Column feeds and the LP and Argon Columns are solved along with the recycle.
After the recycle, the E1E2 exchanger is solved to calculate the temperature of the nitrogen product entering
the heat recovery exchanger. The HP Column condenser, LP Column reboiler and the Argon Column
condenser are now calculated in order to ensure that there are no temperature crossovers.
The feed exchanger can now be solved, along with the compressor and expander, in order to obtain the
known column feed conditions.
The flowsheet will be discussed in three separate sections:
the column section
the inter-column heat exchangers
the heat recovery section

Column Section
The column section includes the feed splitter and the exchangers to set the feed conditions for both the HP
and LP Columns as well as the three distillation columns. The flowsheet is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2
Column Section Simulation Flowsheet

10

Feed Temperatures
Ten percent of the pretreated air feed goes to the LP Column via the the compressor and expander. The
remainder goes to the HP Column. The splitter divides the air feed and the products are set to the column
inlet conditions.
The feed to the HP Column is set to its dew point at the inlet pressure in a flash. An HX unit is used to set
the air to the LP Column to 5K above its dew point at a pressure of 1.4 atmospheres.

SPLITTER UID=SPL1,NAME=FEED SPLIT

FEED 1
PROD M=2,M=3
SPEC STRM=3,RATE,RATIO,STRM=1,VALUE=0.1
METHOD SET=2
FLASH UID=DEW
FEED 2
PROD V=5
DEW DP=0
HX UID=DTAD
HOT FEED=3,M=7,DP=4.6
OPER HDTAD=5

High Pressure Column

The HP Column has a total condenser and no reboiler. The air is fed to the base of the column and acts as
the reboil. The only variable is the condenser duty and this is varied to meet the 10 ppm oxygen specification
in the overhead product. The input is shown below.

COLUMN UID=HP,NAME=HP COLUMN

PARA TRAY=44
FEED 5,44
PROD OVHD=12,4000,BTMS=8
TFLOW NET(V)=HPV,2
PSPEC TOP=5.8,DPCOL=.16
COND TYPE=BUBBLE
HEAT 1,1
ESTI REFLUX=5500,MODEL=CONV
SPEC STREAM=12,COMP=3,PPM,VALUE=10
VARI HEAT=1
METHOD SET=2,44

If the overhead product rate is not known, it can be estimated as 40-50% of the feed. The thermodynamic
method for this column uses set 2 which is the high pressure data.
Low Pressure Column
The products from the HP Column are cooled by exchange with the overhead product before being fed to
the LP Column. The bottom product from the HP Column also provides the condenser duty in the Argon
Column. When the LP Column is calculated, the overhead product and the argon condenser duty are not
known and so the exchangers cannot be modeled at this time. Instead, the column feeds are simply set to

11

the desired pressure and liquid fraction in heat exchanger models. The detailed exchangers are modeled
later when the distillation columns have been solved.
The LP Column input data are shown below together with the exchangers which set the feed conditions:

HX UID=E1
HOT FEED=12,M=14,DP=4.6
OPER HLFR=.9
HX UID=E2
HOT FEED=8,M=11,DP=4.55
OPER HLFR=.45
COLUMN UID=LP,NAME=LP COLUMN
PARA TRAY=69
FEED 14,1/11,28/7,32/16,45
TFLOW NET(L)=LPL,68
PROD OVHD=18,7800,BTMS=21,VDRAW=22,69,1800/15,44,1875
HEAT 1,69,8
PSPEC TOP=1.17,DPCOL=0.404
ESTI REFLUX=3500 MODEL=CONV
SPEC DUTY(1) RATIO COLUMN=HP DUTY(1) VALUE=-1
SPEC STREAM=18,COMP=3,PPM,VALUE=10
VARIABLES HEAT=1,DRAW=22
PLOT PROFILE,XCOMP=1,1/2,2/3,3,YCOMP=1,1/2,2/3,3
METHOD SET=1,69

The pure nitrogen product from the HP Column acts as the reflux and there is no condenser. This stream
should be the same purity as the required product from the LP Column. The HP Column bottom (oxygen)
product enters in the top section of the column with the air feed from the turbo-expander a few trays lower
down. The Argon Column draw and return are in the bottom section of the column.
The products are nitrogen overhead and oxygen from the base. The oxygen is mainly gaseous but a small
amount of liquid oxygen is also produced.
The reboiler for the LP Column is the condenser for the HP Column and its duty has already been calculated
in the HP Column to meet the nitrogen purity specification. It is, therefore, specified as equal to the LP
condenser duty but with a different sign to indicate that it is heating rather than cooling.
The most important specification on the LP Column is the nitrogen product purity which is set at 10 ppm
oxygen. There are two side draws which could be varied in order to meet performance specifications - the
feed to the Argon Column and the gaseous oxygen product. This means that either one of these product
rates is fixed or another parameter, such as the oxygen purity, must be specified.
In practice, it is not a good idea to specify the oxygen purity as this constrains the material balance very
tightly. There is then a very high probability that the specifications will conflict. The best procedure is to
allow the oxygen purity to vary and fix the Argon Column draw stream. The gaseous oxygen product is then
varied in order to reach solution.
Argon Column
The Argon Column is modeled with a bubble point condenser and no reboiler. The vapor draw from the LP
Column enters the base of the column and acts as the reboil. Because the argon product purity is controlled
by the operation of the LP Column, a recovery specification is used on the Argon Column. A third of the
argon in the feed is typically recovered overhead and the condenser duty can be varied in order to meet this.
The expected argon product purity is in the region of 98%.

12

The Argon Column input is shown below.

COLUMN UID=ARG,NAME=ARGON COLUMN

PARA TRAY=55
FEED 15,55
PROD OVHD=17,100,BTMS=16
TFLOW NET(V)=AV1,2
HEAT 1,1,-3
PSPEC TOP=1.15,DPCOL=0.17
PRINT PROP=BRIEF
ESTI REFLUX=1500,MODEL=CONV
COND TYPE=PARTIAL
SPEC STRE=17,COMP=2,RATE,RATIO,STRE=15,VALUE=0.3333
VARI HEAT=1
METHOD SET=1,55

Inter-column Heat Exchangers

Once the distillation columns have been solved, the exchangers between the HP and LP Columns can be
calculated. The simulation flowsheet is shown in Figure 3. The exchangers E1 and E2 in the Column Section
of the flowsheet are combined into the LNGHX unit E1E2. The valves are modeled separately. Steam 18
is the nitrogen product from the LP Column and 12 and 8 are the HP Column products.
Figure 3
Inter-column Heat Exchangers

Exchangers E3 and E4 are the Argon and HP Column condensers. The streams AV1 and HPV are created
from the vapor flow into the condensers using the TFLOW statement. LPL is created from the liquid flow into
the LP Column reboiler which is the other side of the HP Column condenser. These exchangers are modeled
in order to enable PRO/II to check that the temperature levels are correct - i.e. there are no crossovers.
The duty on the first stream in exchanger E1E2 is set equal to that calculated in E1 when setting the LP
Column feed condition. The duty on the second stream in E1E2 is defined as the duty of E2 minus the duty
of the Argon Column condenser. The condenser duty is actually negative so it is added to the E2 duty on
the DEFINE statement to give the cooling duty in E1E2.

13

The duties of E3 and E4 are simply defined as the same as that of the corresponding column condenser. If
temperature crossovers occur, PRO/II will automatically print an error message.
The input for these heat exchangers is shown below.

LNGHX UID=E1E2
HOT FEED=12,M=13
HOT FEED=8,M=9
COLD FEED=18,M=19
DEFINE DUTY(1) AS 1.0000 MULTIPLY HX=E1 DUTY
DEFINE DUTY(2) AS HX=E2 DUTY PLUS COLU=ARG DUTY(1)
VALVE
FEED
PROD
OPER

UID=V2
9
M=10
DP=4.55

HX UID=E3,NAME=AR CONDENSER
COLD FEED=10,M=11A
HOT FEED=AV1,L=AL1
DEFINE DUTY AS -1.0000 MULTIPLY COLU=ARG DUTY(1)
HX UID=E4,NAME=HP CONDENSER
$ .. AND LP REBOILER
COLD FEED=LPL,M=LPL1
HOT FEED=HPV,L=HPV1
DEFINE DUTY AS -1.0000 MULTIPLY COLU=HP DUTY(1)

Heat Recovery Section

The heat recovery section consists of the LNGHX exchanger and the compressor and turbo-expander. The
simulation flowsheet is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Heat Recovery Simulation Flowsheet

14

Streams 2 and 3 are the air feeds. 5A and 7A correspond to the column feed streams 5 and 7 in the column
section of the flowsheet. Streams 19 and 22 are the cold gaseous nitrogen and oxygen products which cool
the air feed.
There is an energy recycle round the three units in this section of the flowsheet and a controller is used to
calculate the temperature of stream 6 leaving the LNGHX exchanger. The input data are shown below.

COMPRESSOR UID=COM
FEED 3
PROD V=4
OPER EFF=82
DEFINE WORK AS EXPANDER=EXP,WORK,MULTIPLY 0.9
METHOD SET=2
LNGHX UID=LNG
HOT FEED=2,M=5A
HOT FEED=4,M=6,TEMP=160
COLD FEED=19,V=20
COLD FEED=22,V=23
DEFINE TEMP(1) AS STREAM=5,TEMP
METHOD SET=2
EXPANDER UID=EXP
FEED 6
PROD V=7A
OPER PRES=1.4,EFF=85
CONTROLLER UID=CON
SPEC STREAM=7A,TEMP,RATIO,STREAM=7,VALUE=1,ATOL=0.01
VARI LNGHX=LNG,TEMP(2)

The compressor work is defined as 90% of that produced in the expander. However, when the compressor
is first calculated, the expander work has not been determined. It is not possible to calculate the expander
first because the inlet pressure is determined by the compressor. This means that an iterative procedure is
required and it is automatically converged by PRO/II.
The temperature of stream 5A leaving the LNGHX is defined as the same as the column feed stream 5. The
temperature of stream 6 is not known. What is known is the temperature of stream 7A leaving the expander.
The controller is therefore used to vary the temperature of stream 6 in order to set stream 7A at the same
temperature as stream 7.

15

RESULTS
Column Section
The HP Column solves with a condenser duty of 10.46GCal/hr. The overhead product is 99.83% nitrogen
with the remainder mostly argon. The LP Column reboiler duty is the same as that of the HP Column
condenser. The nitrogen product contains slightly more argon than the HP Column product and is 99.72%
pure. The oxygen content is the same in both column products at the 10ppm which was specified .
7.6% of the oxygen is produced as liquid. The purity of the liquid and gas products are 99.7% and 99.6%
respectively. These are both above the desired value of 99.5%.
The argon product is 97.5% pure with 1.9% oxygen and 0.6% nitrogen. The product rate is 3.2% of the feed
from the LP Column. The condenser duty is 2.96GCal/hr.

Inter-Column Exchangers
All the exchangers solve correctly which confirms that there are no temperature crossovers. The nitrogen
into the HP Column condenser is at a temperature of 96.2K and the oxygen into the LP Column reboiler is
at 94.8K. Because the streams are changing phase, there is very little temperature change through the
exchanger.
The argon entering the Argon Column condenser is at 88.9K and is exchanging with the LP Column oxygen
product. This oxygen stream is heated from 84.0K to 85.5K within the condenser.
The LP Column nitrogen product is heated from 79.1K to 96.3K in the LNGHX unit E1E2.

Heat Recovery Section

The work recycle between the expander and compressor is solved automatically within the controller loop.
The controller solves in three iterations. The compressor increases the air pressure from 6 to 9 atmospheres
with an exit temperature of 320K. This is cooled in the LNGHX unit to 143K before entering the expander.
It is then let down to the defined feed condition of 90K and 1.4 atmospheres.

Table 3
Process Feed and Products

Identifier
Phase

Air Feed

N2 Product

O2 Liquid

O2 Vapor

Ar Product

18

21

22

17

Vapor

Vapor

Liquid

Vapor

Vapor

Mole Fractions
Nitrogen
Argon
Oxygen

0.7811

0.9972

6.2509-16

2.4174e-15

5.8832E-03

9.3000e-03

2.8307e-03

2.8807e-03

4.3811e-03

0.9754

0.2096

9.9998e-06

0.9971

0.9956

0.0187

Stream Conditions
Rate (Kmol/hr)

9386.0

7351.93

150.24

1824.19

59.59

Temperature (K)

278.0

79.1

94.8

94.8

88.9

Pressure (Atm)

6.00

1.17

1.57

1.57

1.15

16

APPENDIX A
Complete Simulation Flowsheet

17

18

APPENDIX B
PRO/II Input File
This file is available on floppy disk.
TITLE PROBLEM=AIR PLANT,PROJECT=CASEBOOK,USER=SIMSCI
DIME METRIC,TEMP=K,PRES=ATM
PRINT MBAL,STREAM=PART,RATE=M,FRAC=M
TOLERANCE STREAM=,,1.0E-5
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NITROGEN/2,ARGON/3,OXYGEN
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
$ Low pressure data
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK,DENS(L)=IDEAL,SET=1,DEFAULT
KVAL(VLE)
SRK 1,3,-0.00694/*
1,2,0.0056/*
2,3,0.01574
$ High pressure data
METHOD SYSTEM=SRK,DENS(L)=IDEAL,SET=2
KVAL(VLE)
SRK 1,3,-0.01089/*
1,2,0.0/*
2,3,0.01697
STREAM DATA
PROP STRM=1,TEMP=278,PRES=6,RATE=9386,COMP=78.11/0.93/20.96
$ RECYCLE FROM ARGON COLUMN - INITIAL ESTIMATE
PROP STRM=16,PHASE=L,PRES=1.32,COMP=0.0/10/90,RATE=1800
NAME 1,AIR FEED/8,HP BTMS/12,HP OVHD/15,ARG FEED/*
16,ARG BTMS/17,AR PRODUCT/20,N2 PRODUCT/23,O2 GAS/*
21,O2 LIQUID
UNIT OPERATIONS
$ **************

Column Section

**************

SPLITTER UID=SPL1,NAME=FEED SPLIT

FEED 1
PROD M=2,M=3
SPEC STRM=3,RATE,RATIO,STRM=1,VALUE=0.1
METHOD SET=2
FLASH UID=DEW
FEED 2
PROD V=5
DEW DP=0
HX UID=DTAD
HOT FEED=3,M=7,DP=4.6
OPER HDTAD=5

19

COLUMN UID=HP,NAME=HP COLUMN

PARA TRAY=44
FEED 5,44
PROD OVHD=12,4000,BTMS=8
TFLOW NET(V)=HPV,2
PSPEC TOP=5.8,DPCOL=.16
COND TYPE=BUBBLE
HEAT 1,1
ESTI REFLUX=5500,MODEL=CONV
SPEC STREAM=12,COMP=3,PPM,VALUE=10
VARI HEAT=1
METHOD SET=2,44
HX UID=E1
HOT FEED=12,M=14,DP=4.6
OPER HLFR=.9
HX UID=E2
HOT FEED=8,M=11,DP=4.55
OPER HLFR=.45
COLUMN UID=LP,NAME=LP COLUMN
PARA TRAY=69
FEED 14,1/11,28/7,32/16,45
TFLOW NET(L)=LPL,68
PROD OVHD=18,7800,BTMS=21,VDRAW=22,69,1800/15,44,1875
HEAT 1,69,8
PSPEC TOP=1.17,DPCOL=0.404
ESTI REFLUX=3500 MODEL=CONV
SPEC DUTY(1) RATIO COLUMN=HP DUTY(1) VALUE=-1
SPEC STREAM=18,COMP=3,PPM,VALUE=10
VARIABLES HEAT=1,DRAW=22
PLOT PROFILE,XCOMP=1,1/2,2/3,3,YCOMP=1,1/2,2/3,3
METHOD SET=1,69
COLUMN UID=ARG,NAME=ARGON COLUMN
PARA TRAY=55
FEED 15,55
PROD OVHD=17,100,BTMS=16
TFLOW NET(V)=AV1,2
HEAT 1,1,-3
PSPEC TOP=1.15,DPCOL=0.17
PRINT PROP=BRIEF
ESTI REFLUX=1500,MODEL=CONV
COND TYPE=PARTIAL
SPEC STRE=17,COMP=2,RATE,RATIO,STRE=15,VALUE=0.3333
VARI HEAT=1
METHOD SET=1,55

20

$ **************

Inter-column Heat Exchangers

**************

LNGHX UID=E1E2
HOT FEED=12,M=13
HOT FEED=8,M=9
COLD FEED=18,M=19
DEFINE DUTY(1) AS 1.0000 MULTIPLY HX=E1 DUTY
DEFINE DUTY(2) AS HX=E2 DUTY PLUS COLU=ARG DUTY(1)
VALVE
FEED
PROD
OPER

UID=V2
9
M=10
DP=4.55

HX UID=E3,NAME=AR CONDENSER
COLD FEED=10,M=11A
HOT FEED=AV1,L=AL1
DEFINE DUTY AS -1.0000 MULTIPLY COLU=ARG DUTY(1)
HX UID=E4,NAME=HP CONDENSER
$ .. AND LP REBOILER
COLD FEED=LPL,M=LPL1
HOT FEED=HPV,L=HPV1
DEFINE DUTY AS -1.0000 MULTIPLY COLU=HP DUTY(1)
$ **************

Heat Recovery Section

**************

COMPRESSOR UID=COM
FEED 3
PROD V=4
OPER EFF=82
DEFINE WORK AS EXPANDER=EXP,WORK,MULTIPLY 0.9
METHOD SET=2
LNGHX UID=LNG
HOT FEED=2,M=5A
HOT FEED=4,M=6,TEMP=160
COLD FEED=19,V=20
COLD FEED=22,V=23
DEFINE TEMP(1) AS STREAM=5,TEMP
METHOD SET=2
EXPANDER UID=EXP
FEED 6
PROD V=7A
OPER PRES=1.4,EFF=85
CONTROLLER UID=CON
SPEC STREAM=7A,TEMP,RATIO,STREAM=7,VALUE=1,ATOL=0.01
VARI LNGHX=LNG,TEMP(2)
END

21

22

APPENDIX C
Regression of Interaction Parameters
The REGRESS program input for the low pressure nitrogen/oxygen regression is shown below.

TITLE PROB=AIR PLANT,USER=SIMSCI

DIME SI,TEMP=K,PRES=ATM
COMPONENT DATA
LIBID 1,NITROGEN/2,ARGON/3,OXYGEN
DATA
SETN=1, COMP=1,3
$
FORMAT PTXY, DESC=LOW PRESSURE
0.540 75.0 0.6 0.8766
0.599 75.0 0.7 0.9130
0.654 75.0 0.8 0.9448
0.709 75.0 0.9 0.9735
0.767 75.0 1.0 1.0
0.540 80.0 0.2 0.5530
0.669 80.0 0.3 0.6686
0.765 80.0 0.4 0.7493
0.874 80.0 0.5 0.8107
0.977 80.0 0.6 0.8600
1.078 80.0 0.7 0.9017
1.176 80.0 0.8 0.9379
1.271 80.0 0.9 0.9703
1.367 80.0 1.0 1.0
1.132 85.0 0.3 0.6323
1.309 85.0 0.4 0.7198
1.482 85.0 0.5 0.7872
1.649 85.0 0.6 0.8425
REGRESS
DATA SETN=1
MODEL TYPE=SRK
FIX PARAM=2,VALUE=0.0
FIX PARAM=3,VALUE=0.0
END

N2-O2

The calculated interaction parameter is shown in the output below.

CALCULATION RESULTS - REGRESSION BLOCK
1.

1:

MODEL PARAMETERS - FIXED AND REGRESSED:

I

1

KA(I,J)
KB(I,J)

3
-0.006936
0.0000*

TOTAL NUMBER OF REGRESSED PARAMETERS =

KC(I,J)
0.000*
1

NOTE:
* PARAMETER WAS HELD AS FIXED DURING THE REGRESSION.

23

The REGRESS program output also lists the experimental versus calculated values for temperature, pressure
and vapor composition using the calculated interaction parameter. The table for the nitrogen vapor
composition is shown below.

VAPOR COMPOSITION
COMPONENT :

EXPERIMENTAL

CALCULATED

DIFFERENCES

PERCENT

0.876600
0.913000
0.944800
0.973500
1.000000
0.553000
0.668600
0.749300
0.810700
0.860000
0.901700
0.937900
0.970300
1.000000
0.632300
0.719800
0.787200
0.842500

0.876592
0.912937
0.944755
0.973467
1.000000
0.561165
0.673396
0.751643
0.811204
0.859490
0.900532
0.936712
0.969534
1.000000
0.641539
0.724836
0.789443
0.842517

-8.225441E-06
-0.000063
-0.000045
-0.000033
3.576279E-07
0.008165
0.004796
0.002343
0.000504
-0.000510
-0.001168
-0.001188
-0.000766
1.192093E-07
0.009239
0.005036
0.002243
0.000017

-0.000938
-0.006881
-0.004713
-0.003429
0.000036
1.476460
0.717360
0.312628
0.062149
-0.059327
-0.129541
-0.126638
-0.078961
0.000012
1.461167
0.699638
0.284894
0.002045

0.009239
0.002007

1.476460
0.301490

MAXIMUM DEVIATION
:
AVERAGE ABSOLUTE DEVIATION :

24

APPENDIX D
PRO/II Output
The following pages show selected parts of the output file from the air separation plant simulation. A complete
copy of the output can be obtained from SimSci on floppy disk.
The order of the output is shown below:
Component Data Reprint
Thermodynamic Data Reprint
Plant material balance
Expander EXP
Compressor COM
Argon Column condenser E3
LNGHX unit LNG
Column summaries for:
HP Column summary
LP Column summary
LP Column vapor compositions
Argon Column summary
Molar component fractions for all streams in the simulation

25

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE R-1
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
INPUT
SIMSCI
COMPONENT DATA
02/01/93
==============================================================================
NO.

COMPONENT NAME

- 1 NITROGEN
2 ARGON
3 OXYGEN
NO.

COMPONENT NAME

-
1 NITROGEN
2 ARGON
3 OXYGEN
NO.

COMPONENT NAME

-
1 NITROGEN
2 ARGON
3 OXYGEN

26

COMP. TYPE
LIBRARY
LIBRARY
LIBRARY

PHASE
VAP/LIQ
VAP/LIQ
VAP/LIQ

NBP
CRIT. TEMP.
K
K
- 77.350
126.250
87.290
150.860
90.170
154.750
ACEN. FACT.

HEAT FORM.
KCAL/KG-MOL
- 0.04500
0.00
-0.00200
0.00
0.01900
0.00

MOL. WEIGHT

DENSITY
KG/M3

28.013
39.948
31.999

807.313
679.329
1126.378

CRIT. PRES.
ATM

CRIT. VOLM.
M3/KG-MOL

33.500
48.000
50.100

0.0901
0.0745
0.0764

G FORM.
KCAL/KG-MOL
0.00
0.00
0.00

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE R-2
VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
INPUT
SIMSCI
THERMODYNAMIC DATA
02/01/93
==============================================================================
PRO/II

VLE K-VALUE DATA FOR SET 1

SRK PURE COMPONENT DATA
COMP

CRITICAL
TEMPERATURE
DEG K
-
1
126.25
2
150.86
3
154.75

CRITICAL ALPHA
PRESSURE TYPE
ATM

33.50
1
48.00
1
50.10
1

C1

C2

C3

0.5505
0.4769
0.5098

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

SRK INTERACTION PARAMETERS

KIJ = A(I,J) + B(I,J)/T + C(I,J)/T**2
I
- 1
1
2

J
KA(I,J)
2 5.600E-03
3 -6.940E-03
3
0.0157

KB(I,J)
KC(I,J)
-
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-

UNITS

FROM

DEG K
DEG K
DEG K

INPUT
INPUT
INPUT

VLE K-VALUE DATA FOR SET 2

SRK PURE COMPONENT DATA
COMP

CRITICAL
CRITICAL ALPHA
TEMPERATURE
PRESSURE TYPE
DEG K
ATM
- - 1
126.25
33.50
1
2
150.86
48.00
1
3
154.75
50.10
1

C1

C2

C3

0.5505
0.4769
0.5098

N/A
N/A
N/A

N/A
N/A
N/A

SRK INTERACTION PARAMETERS

KIJ = A(I,J) + B(I,J)/T + C(I,J)/T**2
I
- 1
1
2

J
KA(I,J)
- 2
0.0000
3
-0.0109
3
0.0170

KB(I,J)
- 0.00
0.00
0.00

KC(I,J)
0.00
0.00
0.00

UNITS

FROM

DEG K
DEG K
DEG K

INPUT
INPUT
INPUT

27

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-1
VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
PLANT MATERIAL BALANCE
02/01/93
==============================================================================
PRO/II

FEED STREAMS:

1
3
LPL

8
2
AV1

12
HPV

PRODUCT STREAMS:

17
21
11A
5A

20
13
HPV1
7A

23
AL1
LPL1

OVERALL PLANT MOLAR BALANCE

COMPONENT
- 1 NITROGEN
2 ARGON
3 OXYGEN
TOTAL

- KG-MOL/HR PERCENT
FEED
+REACTION -PRODUCT =DEVIATION
- 30278.104
0.000 30278.094
0.000
2212.035
0.000
2212.102
-0.067
12334.989
0.000 12334.878
0.111
44825.129

0.000

44825.074

0.055

DEV
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

OVERALL PLANT MASS BALANCE

COMPONENT
- 1 NITROGEN
2 ARGON
3 OXYGEN
TOTAL

28

- KG-MOL/HR PERCENT
FEED
+REACTION -PRODUCT =DEVIATION
- 848180.56
0.00 848180.25
0.00
88366.38
0.00
88369.06
-2.68
394707.31
0.00 394703.75
3.56
1.331E+06

0.00

1.331E+06

1.13

DEV
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-5
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
EXPANDER SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 14, EXP
FEEDS
PRODUCTS VAPOR

6
7A

OPERATING CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
ENTROPY, KCAL/KG-MOL-K
MOLE PERCENT VAPOR
MOLE PERCENT LIQUID
ACT VAP RATE, M3/SEC
ADIABATIC EFF, PERCENT
WORK, KW
THEORETICAL
ACTUAL

INLET
ISENTROPIC
- - 142.68
84.72
9.09
1.40
-2.0920
-2.4504
35.0770
35.0760
100.0000
98.6354
0.0000
1.3646
0.3125

OUTLET
89.80
1.40
-2.3966
35.7395
100.0000
0.0000
85.00
416.86
354.33

29

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-6
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COMPRESSOR SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 13, COM
FEEDS

PRODUCTS VAPOR

OPERATING CONDITIONS

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
ENTROPY, KCAL/KG-MOL-K
CP, KCAL/KG-MOL-K
CV, KCAL/KG-MOL-K
CP/(CP-R)
CP/CV
MOLE PERCENT VAPOR
MOLE PERCENT LIQUID
ACT VAP RATE, M3/SEC
ADIABATIC EFF, PERCENT
POLYTROPIC EFF, PERCENT
ISENTROPIC COEFFICIENT, K
POLYTROPIC COEFFICIENT, N
HEAD, M
ADIABATIC
POLYTROPIC
ACTUAL
WORK, KW
THEORETICAL
POLYTROPIC
ACTUAL

INLET
ISENTROPIC
- - 278.00
312.84
6.00
9.03
-1.1684
-0.9436
40.7637
40.7637
6.9999
4.9412
1.3961
1.4166
100.0000
100.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.9891

NOTE: POLYTROPIC AND ISENTROPIC COEFFICIENTS

CALCULATED FROM HEAD EQUATION

30

OUTLET
320.31
9.03
-0.8943
40.9298
7.0338
4.9717
1.3934
1.4148
100.0000
0.0000
82.0000
83.0418
1.4053
1.5320
3529.75
3574.60
4304.57
261.45
264.77
318.84

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-9
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
HEAT EXCHANGER SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 11, E3, AR CONDENSER
OPERATING CONDITIONS
DUTY, M*KCAL/HR
LMTD, K
F FACTOR (FT)
MTD, K
U*A, KCAL/HR-C
HOT SIDE CONDITIONS
FEED
MIXED PRODUCT
VAPOR, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
CP, KCAL/KG-K
LIQUID, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
CP, KCAL/KG-K
TOTAL, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
CONDENSATION, KG-MOL/HR
TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
COLD SIDE CONDITIONS
FEED
MIXED PRODUCT
VAPOR, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
CP, KCAL/KG-K
LIQUID, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
CP, KCAL/KG-K
TOTAL, KG-MOL/HR
K*KG/HR
VAPORIZATION, KG-MOL/HR
TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM

2.958
4.115
1.000
4.115
718916.313
INLET

AV1
1957.944
77.856
0.132

1957.944
77.856
88.951
1.150
INLET

10
469.560
13.513
0.255
4112.319
122.754
0.460
4581.878
136.267
84.036
1.406

OUTLET
AL1
59.595
2.368
0.132
1898.349
75.489
0.276
1957.944
77.856
1898.349
88.920
1.150
OUTLET
11A
2519.926
73.499
0.250
2061.953
62.768
0.447
4581.878
136.267
2050.365
85.520
1.406

31

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-12
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
LNG HEAT EXCHANGER SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 15, LNG
OPERATING CONDITIONS
DUTY, M*KCAL/HR

OVERALL

12.4445

HOT SIDE CONDITIONS

FEEDS
PRODUCTS VAPOR
MIXED
TOTAL, KG-MOL/HR
KG/HR
INLET CONDITIONS
TEMP, K
PRESS, ATM
L/F
OUTLET CONDITIONS
QUANTITY SPECIFIED
TEMP, K
PRESS, ATM
L/F
CONDENSATION,KG-MOL/HR
DUTY, M*KCAL/HR

4
6

5A
8447.400
244632.156

938.600
27181.350

278.000
6.000
0.0000

320.312
9.034
0.0000

TEMP
100.788
6.000
0.0357

TEMP
142.697
9.034
0.0000

301.159
-11.2472

0.000
-1.1973

19
20

22
23

7351.928
206198.250

1824.189
58435.750

96.297
1.170
0.0000

94.819
1.574
0.0000

N/A
289.986
1.170
0.0000

N/A
289.986
1.574
0.0000

0.000
9.9445

0.000
2.5001

COLD SIDE CONDITIONS

FEEDS
PRODUCTS VAPOR
TOTAL, KG-MOL/HR
KG/HR
INLET CONDITIONS
TEMP, K
PRESS, ATM
L/F
OUTLET CONDITIONS
QUANTITY SPECIFIED
TEMP, K
PRESS, ATM
L/F
VAPORIZATION,KG-MOL/HR
DUTY, M*KCAL/HR

32

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-13
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 4, HP, HP COLUMN
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
IN/OUT METHOD

COLUMN SUMMARY
NET FLOW RATES TEMP
PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
- - -
1C
96.2
5.80
5163.7
2
96.3
5.80
5161.9
9029.2
3
96.3
5.80
5160.5
9027.4
4
96.3
5.81
5158.9
9026.0
5
96.3
5.81
5157.2
9024.4
6
96.3
5.81
5155.3
9022.7
7
96.4
5.82
5153.3
9020.9
8
96.4
5.82
5151.1
9018.8
9
96.4
5.83
5148.8
9016.6
10
96.5
5.83
5146.2
9014.3
11
96.5
5.83
5143.4
9011.7
12
96.5
5.84
5140.3
9008.9
13
96.5
5.84
5137.0
9005.8
14
96.6
5.84
5133.3
9002.5
15
96.6
5.85
5129.3
8998.8
16
96.7
5.85
5124.9
8994.8
17
96.7
5.86
5120.0
8990.4
18
96.7
5.86
5114.5
8985.5
19
96.8
5.86
5108.3
8980.0
20
96.8
5.87
5101.3
8973.8
21
96.9
5.87
5093.3
8966.8
22
97.0
5.87
5084.1
8958.8
23
97.0
5.88
5073.6
8949.7
24
97.1
5.88
5061.5
8939.2
25
97.2
5.89
5047.6
8927.1
26
97.3
5.89
5031.5
8913.1
27
97.4
5.89
5013.0
8897.0
28
97.6
5.90
4992.0
8878.6
29
97.7
5.90
4968.2
8857.5
30
97.9
5.90
4941.7
8833.7
31
98.1
5.91
4912.5
8807.2
32
98.3
5.91
4881.1
8778.0
33
98.5
5.92
4848.1
8746.7
34
98.8
5.92
4814.2
8713.7
35
99.0
5.92
4780.2
8679.7
36
99.3
5.93
4747.1
8645.7
37
99.5
5.93
4715.8
8612.6
38
99.8
5.93
4686.9
8581.3
39
100.0
5.94
4660.9
8552.4
TRAY

HEATER
PRODUCT
3865.5L

DUTIES
M*KCAL/HR
-10.4639

33

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-14
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 4, HP, HP COLUMN

(CONT)

NET FLOW RATES HEATER

TEMP
PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
PRODUCT
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
- - -
40
100.2
5.94
4638.1
8526.4
41
100.3
5.95
4618.6
8503.7
42
100.5
5.95
4602.2
8484.1
43
100.6
5.95
4588.6
8467.7
44
100.7
5.96
8454.1
8447.4V
4581.9L
TRAY

DUTIES
M*KCAL/HR

FEED AND PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

FEED 5
PROD 12
PROD 8

PHASE

FROM TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC
- -

VAPOR
44 0.0000
LIQUID
1
LIQUID
44

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR

8447.40
3865.51
4581.88

-21.3781
-14.9326
-16.9096

PSEUDO PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

NET
HPV

PHASE

FROM
TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC
- -

VAPOR
2

OVERALL MOLE BALANCE, (FEEDS - PRODUCTS)

OVERALL HEAT BALANCE, (H(IN) - H(OUT) )

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR

9029.25

-24.4163

8.1539E-03
1.4107E-04

SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER
TYPE
-
STRM 12

TRAY
COMP
SPECIFICATION
NO
NO
TYPE
-
1
3 MOL PPM

SPECIFIED
VALUE
1.000E+01

CALCULATED
VALUE
1.000E+01

REFLUX RATIOS

REFLUX / FEED STREAM 5

REFLUX / LIQUID DISTILLATE

34

REFLUX RATIOS
MOLAR
WEIGHT
STD L VOL
0.6113
0.5917
0.6319
1.3358
1.3358
1.3358

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-17
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 7, LP, LP COLUMN
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
IN/OUT METHOD

20

COLUMN SUMMARY
NET FLOW RATES HEATER
TEMP
PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
PRODUCT
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
- - -
1
79.1
1.17
3466.7
3865.5M
7351.9V
2
79.2
1.18
3463.8
6953.1
3
79.3
1.18
3460.4
6950.2
4
79.3
1.19
3456.5
6946.8
5
79.4
1.19
3451.9
6942.9
6
79.5
1.20
3446.5
6938.3
7
79.6
1.21
3440.3
6932.9
8
79.7
1.21
3433.2
6926.7
9
79.9
1.22
3424.9
6919.6
10
80.0
1.22
3415.3
6911.3
11
80.2
1.23
3404.2
6901.7
12
80.3
1.24
3391.3
6890.6
13
80.5
1.24
3376.2
6877.7
14
80.7
1.25
3358.5
6862.6
15
80.9
1.25
3338.1
6845.0
16
81.2
1.26
3314.4
6824.5
17
81.5
1.27
3287.5
6800.8
18
81.8
1.27
3257.6
6773.9
19
82.2
1.28
3225.1
6744.0
20
82.6
1.28
3191.2
6711.6
21
83.0
1.29
3157.1
6677.6
22
83.4
1.29
3124.4
6643.5
23
83.7
1.30
3095.0
6610.9
24
84.1
1.31
3069.7
6581.4
25
84.4
1.31
3049.4
6556.2
26
84.6
1.32
3033.7
6535.8
27
84.8
1.32
3022.2
6520.1
28
85.0
1.33
5062.4
6508.6
4581.9M
29
85.2
1.34
5054.0
3966.9
30
85.4
1.34
5041.1
3958.5
31
85.6
1.35
5022.6
3945.7
32
86.0
1.35
4976.2
3927.1
938.6V
33
87.1
1.36
4916.0
2942.1
34
88.5
1.37
4854.2
2881.9
35
90.1
1.37
4810.8
2820.2
36
91.4
1.38
4789.1
2776.7
37
92.2
1.38
4780.6
2755.1
38
92.7
1.39
4777.8
2746.6
39
93.0
1.40
4777.2
2743.7
40
93.1
1.40
4777.3
2743.1
TRAY

DUTIES
M*KCAL/HR

35

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-18
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 7, LP, LP COLUMN

(CONT)

NET FLOW RATES HEATER

TEMP
PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
PRODUCT
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
- - -
41
93.2
1.41
4777.8
2743.3
42
93.3
1.41
4778.2
2743.7
43
93.4
1.42
4778.5
2744.1
44
93.5
1.43
4778.4
2744.4
1875.0V
45
93.5
1.43
6606.2
4619.3
1815.4L
46
93.6
1.44
6606.6
4631.8
47
93.6
1.44
6607.0
4632.2
48
93.7
1.45
6607.3
4632.5
49
93.7
1.46
6607.7
4632.9
50
93.8
1.46
6608.1
4633.3
51
93.9
1.47
6608.4
4633.6
52
93.9
1.47
6608.8
4634.0
53
94.0
1.48
6609.1
4634.3
54
94.0
1.48
6609.5
4634.7
55
94.1
1.49
6610.0
4635.1
56
94.1
1.50
6610.4
4635.5
57
94.2
1.50
6610.9
4636.0
58
94.3
1.51
6611.4
4636.4
59
94.3
1.51
6611.9
4636.9
60
94.4
1.52
6612.5
4637.5
61
94.4
1.53
6613.1
4638.0
62
94.5
1.53
6613.7
4638.7
63
94.5
1.54
6614.4
4639.3
64
94.6
1.54
6615.2
4640.0
65
94.6
1.55
6616.0
4640.7
66
94.7
1.56
6616.8
4641.5
67
94.7
1.56
6617.6
4642.3
68
94.8
1.57
6618.5
4643.2
69R
94.8
1.57
4644.1
1824.2V
150.2L
TRAY

DUTIES
M*KCAL/HR

10.4640

FEED AND PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

- FEED 14
FEED 11
FEED 7
FEED 16
PROD 18
PROD 15
PROD 22
PROD 21

36

PHASE

FROM TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC
- -

MIXED
1 0.8978
MIXED
28 0.4467
VAPOR
32 0.0000
LIQUID
45 1.0000
VAPOR
1
VAPOR
44
VAPOR
69
LIQUID
69

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR

3865.51
4581.88
938.60
1815.38
7351.93
1875.00
1824.19
150.24

-15.3966
-14.4043
-2.3967
-6.6104
-20.3422
-3.7499
-3.7039
-0.5481

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-19
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 7, LP, LP COLUMN

(CONT)

PSEUDO PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

- NET
LPL

PHASE

FROM
TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC
- -

LIQUID
68

OVERALL MOLE BALANCE, (FEEDS - PRODUCTS)

OVERALL HEAT BALANCE, (H(IN) - H(OUT) )

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR
6618.54

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR
-24.1454

1.0300E-02
1.3540E-05

SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER
TYPE
-
UNIT LP
STRM 18
STRM 15

TRAY
COMP
SPECIFICATION
NO
NO
TYPE

69
DUTY
1
3 MOL PPM
44
1- 3 MOL RATE

SPECIFIED
VALUE

CALCULATED
VALUE

-1.000E+00
1.000E+01
1.875E+03

-1.000E+00
1.000E+01
1.875E+03

37

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-26
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
UNIT 7, LP, LP COLUMN (CONT)
COLUMN COMPOSITION PROFILE - VAPOR CUTS
1.0 +1111-+-+-+-+-++3333+
|
11111|
|
|
|
|
33333333
|
|
111
|
|
|
| 333333 |
|
|
| 11
|
|
|
333333
|
|
0.9 +-+-11+-+-+33333+-+-+
|
|
11 |
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
1|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
11
|
. |
|
|
|
0.8 +-+-+-1-+3+-+-+-+
|
|
| 11
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
111 |
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
111
3
|
|
|
|
V 0.7 +-+-+-+1+-+-+-+
A
|
|
|
| 1
.
|
|
|
|
P
|
|
|
| . .
|
|
|
|
O
|
|
|
| . .
|
|
|
|
R 0.6 +-+-+-+1-3+-+-+-+
|
|
|
| . .
|
|
|
|
C
|
|
|
| . .
|
|
|
|
O
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
M 0.5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
P
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
O
|
|
|
|
.
|
|
|
|
S
|
|
|
| ..
|
|
|
|
I 0.4 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
T
|
|
|
| 3 .
|
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
| . .
|
|
|
|
O
|
|
|
| . 1
|
|
|
|
N 0.3 +-+-+-+-3-+-+-+-+
|
|
|
33
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
.
|
|
|
|
0.2 +-+-+3+-1-+-+-+-+
|
|
|
3
|
.
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3
|
. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3
|
. |
|
|
|
0.1 +-+222+3+-2*22222222+-+-+
|
| 2222 3*22
|
2 . |
222222
|
|
|
222
3 | 222
|
2
1 |
| 222222 |
|
|
22222|
333 |
22222222
1|
|
22222222
|
0.0 +****3333333333-+-+-11111111111111111111111111****+
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
TRAY NUMBER
KEY...
1 - COMPONENT 1
2 - COMPONENT 2
3 - COMPONENT 3
SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.
R
PAGE P27
PROJECT CASEBOOK
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
PROBLEM AIR PLANT
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================

38

UNIT 8, ARG, ARGON COLUMN

TOTAL NUMBER OF ITERATIONS
IN/OUT METHOD

46

COLUMN SUMMARY
NET FLOW RATES HEATER
TEMP
PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
PRODUCT
DUTIES
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
M*KCAL/HR
- - -
1C
88.9
1.15
1898.4
59.6V
-2.9585
2
89.0
1.15
1898.0
1957.9
3
89.0
1.15
1898.1
1957.6
4
89.0
1.16
1898.2
1957.7
5
89.0
1.16
1898.4
1957.8
6
89.1
1.16
1898.5
1957.9
7
89.1
1.17
1898.6
1958.1
8
89.1
1.17
1898.7
1958.2
9
89.2
1.17
1898.8
1958.3
10
89.2
1.18
1898.8
1958.4
11
89.2
1.18
1898.9
1958.4
12
89.2
1.18
1899.0
1958.5
13
89.3
1.18
1899.0
1958.5
14
89.3
1.19
1899.0
1958.6
15
89.3
1.19
1899.0
1958.6
16
89.4
1.19
1899.0
1958.6
17
89.4
1.20
1898.9
1958.5
18
89.4
1.20
1898.8
1958.5
19
89.5
1.20
1898.7
1958.4
20
89.5
1.21
1898.5
1958.3
21
89.5
1.21
1898.3
1958.1
22
89.6
1.21
1898.1
1957.9
23
89.6
1.22
1897.8
1957.7
24
89.6
1.22
1897.4
1957.4
25
89.7
1.22
1896.9
1957.0
26
89.7
1.23
1896.4
1956.5
27
89.8
1.23
1895.7
1956.0
28
89.8
1.23
1894.9
1955.3
29
89.8
1.23
1893.9
1954.5
30
89.9
1.24
1892.7
1953.5
31
90.0
1.24
1891.3
1952.3
32
90.0
1.24
1889.5
1950.8
33
90.1
1.25
1887.4
1949.1
34
90.2
1.25
1884.8
1947.0
35
90.3
1.25
1881.6
1944.4
36
90.4
1.26
1877.9
1941.2
37
90.5
1.26
1873.4
1937.4
38
90.7
1.26
1868.2
1933.0
39
90.8
1.27
1862.3
1927.8
40
91.0
1.27
1856.0
1921.9
SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.
R
PAGE P-28
PROJECT CASEBOOK
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
PROBLEM AIR PLANT
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
COLUMN SUMMARY
02/01/93
==============================================================================
TRAY

39

UNIT 8, ARG, ARGON COLUMN

NET FLOW RATES TEMP

PRESSURE
LIQUID
VAPOR
FEED
DEG K
ATM
KG-MOL/HR
- - -
41
91.2
1.27
1849.5
1915.6
42
91.4
1.28
1843.3
1909.1
43
91.6
1.28
1837.7
1902.9
44
91.8
1.28
1833.0
1897.3
45
92.0
1.29
1829.1
1892.5
46
92.1
1.29
1826.2
1888.7
47
92.2
1.29
1824.1
1885.8
48
92.3
1.29
1822.5
1883.6
49
92.4
1.30
1821.5
1882.1
50
92.5
1.30
1820.8
1881.1
51
92.5
1.30
1820.4
1880.4
52
92.5
1.31
1820.2
1880.0
53
92.6
1.31
1820.1
1879.8
54
92.6
1.31
1820.1
1879.7
55
92.6
1.32
1879.7
1875.0V

TRAY

(CONT)
HEATER
PRODUCT

DUTIES
M*KCAL/HR

1815.4L

FEED AND PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

-
FEED 15
PROD 17
PROD 16

PHASE

FROM TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC


VAPOR
55 0.0000
VAPOR
1
LIQUID
55

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR
1875.00
59.59
1815.41

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR
-3.7499
-0.0977
-6.6106

PSEUDO PRODUCT STREAMS

TYPE

STREAM

-
NET
AV1

PHASE

FROM
TO
LIQUID
TRAY TRAY
FRAC


VAPOR
2

OVERALL MOLE BALANCE, (FEEDS - PRODUCTS)

OVERALL HEAT BALANCE, (H(IN) - H(OUT) )

FLOW RATES
KG-MOL/HR
1957.94

HEAT RATES
M*KCAL/HR
-3.2044

4.9688E-03
-1.3665E-05

SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER
TYPE
-
STRM 17

40

TRAY
COMP
SPECIFICATION
NO
NO
TYPE
-
1
2 MOL RATIO

SPECIFIED
VALUE
3.333E-01

CALCULATED
VALUE
3.333E-01

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-34
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
STREAM MOLAR COMPONENT FRACTIONS
02/01/93
==============================================================================
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE
UID
FLUID
1
2
3

AL1

AV1

HPV

MIXED

VAPOR

VAPOR

HPV1
LIQ-

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

1.8006E-03
0.9778
0.0204

1.8006E-03
0.9778
0.0204

0.9983
1.7327E-03
1.0000E-05

0.9983
1.7327E-03
1.0000E-05

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

1957.9441

1957.9441

9029.2461

9029.2461

88.9203
1.1500
-6.1628
39.7644
0.0304
0.9696

88.9514
1.1500
-3.2044
39.7644
1.0000
0.0000

96.2609
5.8000
-24.4163
28.0337
1.0000
0.0000

96.2463
5.8000
-34.8803
28.0337
0.0000
1.0000

LPL

LPL1

LIQUID

MIXED

1
AIR FEED
VAPOR

VAPOR

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

2.3767E-15
4.3470E-03
0.9957

2.3767E-15
4.3470E-03
0.9957

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

6618.5449

6618.5449

9386.0000

8447.4004

94.7706
1.5681
-24.1454
32.0336
0.0000
1.0000

94.7791
1.5681
-13.6814
32.0336
0.9774
0.0226

278.0000
6.0000
-11.6841
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

278.0000
6.0000
-10.5157
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE
FLUID
1
2
3

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

41

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-35
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
STREAM MOLAR COMPONENT FRACTIONS
02/01/93
==============================================================================
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE

5A

VAPOR

VAPOR

VAPOR

MIXED

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

938.6000

938.6000

8447.4004

8447.4004

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

278.0000
6.0000
-1.1684
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

320.3119
9.0338
-0.8943
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

100.7878
6.0000
-21.3781
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

100.7878
6.0000
-21.7629
28.9595
0.9643
0.0357

7A

VAPOR

VAPOR

VAPOR

8
HP BTMS
LIQUID

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.7811
9.3000E-03
0.2096

0.5979
0.0157
0.3864

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

938.6000

938.6000

938.6000

4581.8784

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

142.6970
9.0338
-2.0916
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

89.7869
1.4000
-2.3967
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

89.8000
1.4000
-2.3966
28.9595
1.0000
0.0000

100.7251
5.9563
-16.9096
29.7405
0.0000
1.0000

FLUID
1
2
3

STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE
FLUID
1
2
3

42

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-36
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
STREAM MOLAR COMPONENT FRACTIONS
02/01/93
==============================================================================
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE

10

11

11A

LIQUID

MIXED

MIXED

MIXED

FLUID
1
2
3

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

0.5979
0.0157
0.3864

0.5979
0.0157
0.3864

0.5979
0.0157
0.3864

0.5979
0.0157
0.3864

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

4581.8784

4581.8784

4581.8784

4581.8784

93.8888
5.9563
-17.3626
29.7405
0.0000
1.0000

84.0365
1.4063
-17.3630
29.7405
0.1025
0.8975

85.5198
1.4063
-14.4041
29.7405
0.5500
0.4500

85.5198
1.4063
-14.4043
29.7405
0.5500
0.4500

12
HP OVHD
LIQUID

13

14

LIQUID

MIXED

15
ARG FEED
VAPOR

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

0.9983
1.7327E-03
1.0000E-05

0.9983
1.7327E-03
1.0000E-05

0.9983
1.7327E-03
1.0000E-05

2.4847E-04
0.0930
0.9067

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

3865.5139

3865.5139

3865.5139

1875.0010

96.2485
5.8000
-14.9326
28.0337
0.0000
1.0000

88.5212
5.8000
-15.3966
28.0337
0.0000
1.0000

79.3031
1.2000
-15.3966
28.0337
0.1000
0.9000

93.4542
1.4255
-3.7499
32.7373
1.0000
0.0000

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE
FLUID
1
2
3

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

43

SIMULATION SCIENCES INC.

PROJECT CASEBOOK
PROBLEM AIR PLANT

R
PAGE P-37
PRO/II VERSION 3.30 19-JAN
VAX VMS
OUTPUT
SIMSCI
STREAM MOLAR COMPONENT FRACTIONS
02/01/93
==============================================================================
STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE

16
ARG BTMS
LIQUID

17
AR PRODUCT
VAPOR

18

19

VAPOR

VAPOR

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

6.3523E-05
0.0640
0.9359

5.8832E-03
0.9754
0.0187

0.9972
2.8307E-03
9.9998E-06

0.9972
2.8307E-03
9.9998E-06

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

1815.4105

59.5856

7351.9282

7351.9282

92.6455
1.3169
-6.6106
32.5078
0.0000
1.0000

88.9204
1.1500
-0.0977
39.7292
1.0000
0.0000

79.1066
1.1700
-20.3422
28.0468
1.0000
0.0000

96.2968
1.1700
-19.4253
28.0468
1.0000
0.0000

STREAM ID
NAME
PHASE

20
N2 PRODUCT
VAPOR

21
O2 LIQUID
LIQUID

22
VAPOR

23
O2 GAS
VAPOR

FLUID
1
2
3

MOLAR FRACTIONS
NITROGEN
ARGON
OXYGEN

0.9972
2.8307E-03
9.9998E-06

6.2509E-16
2.8807E-03
0.9971

2.4174E-15
4.3811E-03
0.9956

2.4174E-15
4.3811E-03
0.9956

TOTAL RATE, KG-MOL/HR

7351.9282

150.2410

1824.1890

1824.1890

289.9865
1.1700
-9.4808
28.0468
1.0000
0.0000

94.8188
1.5740
-0.5481
32.0219
0.0000
1.0000

94.8188
1.5740
-3.7039
32.0338
1.0000
0.0000

289.9865
1.5740
-1.2038
32.0338
1.0000
0.0000

FLUID
1
2
3

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

TEMPERATURE, K
PRESSURE, ATM
ENTHALPY, M*KCAL/HR
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLE FRAC VAPOR
MOLE FRAC LIQUID

44