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Hand Off

Mobile devices constantly move between different cells requiring handoffs of calls between cells. There are several types of handoff in CDMA networks including soft handoff, which allows simultaneous connections to adjacent cells using the same frequency; softer handoff between sectors of the same cell; and hard handoff which disconnects calls briefly when changing frequencies or carriers. Idle handoff involves monitoring neighboring signals without assistance from the base station tower. Ec/Io measurement is used to determine signal strengths for handoff decisions.

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Raj Warang
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115 views36 pages

Hand Off

Mobile devices constantly move between different cells requiring handoffs of calls between cells. There are several types of handoff in CDMA networks including soft handoff, which allows simultaneous connections to adjacent cells using the same frequency; softer handoff between sectors of the same cell; and hard handoff which disconnects calls briefly when changing frequencies or carriers. Idle handoff involves monitoring neighboring signals without assistance from the base station tower. Ec/Io measurement is used to determine signal strengths for handoff decisions.

Uploaded by

Raj Warang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handoffs ( CDMA )

Date: 1st August, 2009

Dhundiraj Warang.
Robin Samual.
Handoff
Handoff
Mobile constantly move around in different geographical areas thereby covering
different cell as they move
along.
Handoff is a process where the system transfers a call from one cell to another
Soft Handoff
Soft Handoff is a make-before-break concept
Occurs between adjacent cells
Soft Handoff is possible because all CDMA Cells use the same frequency i.e.
frequency reuse.
Softer Handoff
Softer Handoff is a make-before-break concept
Occurs between two sectors of the same cell
Hard Handoff
Hard Handoff is a break-before-make concept with a brief disconnection in service.
Usually occurs between a CDMA and Analog System or when there is a change in
frequency between
two CDMA Carriers or being served by different BSCs.
Idle Handoff
The Mobile monitors the pilot of neighboring BTS using the Rake Receiver
On detecting a stronger Pilot PN than the current Pilot an idle handoff is performed
without the
assistance of the BTS
Types of CDMA Handoffs
• Ec/Io
• Ec/Io is a measure which mobiles use to determine the
strengths of the BTS sectors in their vicinity
• Ec is the energy per chip of the pilot which has been
detected by the mobile
• Io is the total power which is received by the mobile
ylt n e r e h o C f o e d uti n g a M
ht a pitl u M d e ni b m o C
A 1
|h (t) |

sl a n gi S d e vi e c e R
A 2

A 2
A 4
A 1
A 5 A 4
A 3

t
Coherent Combination of Three Strongest Multipath Components from a Single Transmitter
A 3
SB B
|h ( t) | C 2
B 2
A 1
B 1 C 3
C 1

A 2 C 4
U M 1
SB A

SB C
tim e

Multiple Transmitters with Multipath Typical Multiple Transmitter Band-Limited Channel Impulse
Response with Discrete Multipath Components
M a g n itu d e o f C o h e r e n tly C o m b in e d
M u ltip a th s C2

R e c e iv e d M u lt ip a t h s

A3 B2
R e la tiv e C2
Pow er B2
A1
B1 C3
C1
A2 C4
A3

tim e

Coherent Combination of Three Strongest Components of a Typical Multiple Transmitter Band-Limited Channel
Impulse Response with Discrete Multipath Components
Access handoff
THANK YOU

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