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TTQ 2-2 Light Propagation

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24 views16 pages

TTQ 2-2 Light Propagation

 Each node within the domain name hierarchy is assigned to an authority Note:  The authority for a particular node can in turn delegate authority for lower levels of that node within the domain name hierarchy

Uploaded by

Dang Khue
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Optical communications

Chapter 2.2
Pham Quang Thai
[email protected]

Content

Geometrical optics
Optical propagation in fiber
Fiber fabrication
Signal degradation in fiber
Types of fiber

Basic parameters

Light: an electro-magnetic (EM) wave and


discrete energy packets (photon)

Different power distribution. Why?


Video: multi mode fiber

Johann Carl
Friedrich Gauss

Michael Faraday

Andr-Marie Ampre

James Clerk Maxwell

Very low loss and axial circular symmetry of fiber give

Ez inside the core:


Bessel function

Ez outside the core:


modified Bessel
function

Optical propagation in fiber

Fiber mode
There are several modes when light
propagates in fiber
Transverse electric (TE) mode: EZ=0
Transverse magnetic (TM) mode: HZ=0
Hybrid mode: EZ0 and HZ0
Hybrid mode is denoted HE or EH depending on
whether HZ or EZ is larger

For each l, Bessels functions have m roots, so


each mode is denote as MODElm (TE01, TM01, HE11
etc.)
10

The number of modes


depends on

The value of V for a mode to appear is its cut-off frequency


11

Conclusion
Electromagnetic field distributes in several modes.
The field are not confined to the core, high order
modes penetrate further into the cladding
TE and TM modes only appear when l=0, all other
modes are hybrid modes.
There is always at least one mode (HE11)
More modes appear as V increases
The value V=2.405 is the condition for one mode or
multi-mode
12

Examples for chapter 2.2


Problems 2-19:
Determine the normalized frequency (V) at 820
nm for a step index fiber having a 25-m core
radius, n1=1.48 and n2=1.46

Content

Geometrical optics
Optical propagation in fiber
Fiber fabrication
Signal degradation in fiber
Types of fiber

14

Fiber fabrication
Refer to section 2.8 in text book [1]

15

Fiber fabrication
Video.

16

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