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Fluid Mech
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100 views7 pagesChap 01
Fluid Mech
Uploaded by
Mayank KumarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 7
Review Problems
31
Problems
Go to Appendix G for a se of review problems with answers, De-
tailed solutions canbe found in Student Solution Manual and Soudy
Problems
Guide for Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, by Munson, et al
(© 2069 John Wiley and Sons, Inc)
Note: Unless specifi values of required fuid properties are
tiven in the statement of the problem, use the values found in
the tables on the inside of the front cover. Problems designated
‘with an (*) are intended to he solved with the aid of a program-
rable computer: Problems designated with a(
are “open-ended” problems and require critical thinking in
that to work them one must make various assumptions and
provide the necessary data. There is not a
these problems.
Answers tothe even
end of the book, Access tothe videos th
fan be obtained thr
0/global/munson. The I
fon this web site
Section 1
and Units
ions, Dimensional Homogenei
LI The force, F, ofthe wind blowing against a building is given by
F = CypV" A/2, where Vis the wind spoed,p the density ofthe at,
Athe cross-sectional area ofthe bulking, and Cs a constant tented
the drag coefficient. Determine the dimensions ofthe drag coe
1.2. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT and MLT systems, of
the following quantities which appear in Table I.1: (a) volume,
(b) acceleration, () mass, () moment of inertia (area), and () work
1.3 Determine the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the
MLT'system, fr (a) the product of force times acceleration, (b) the
product of force times velocity divided by are, and (e) momentum,
Aivided by volume,
1A. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT
system, ofthe following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a)
frequency, b) stress, (¢) stain, () torque, and (e) work
15 If w is a velocity, x a length, and # a time, what are the
dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) du/é, (b) 2u/ax%, and
(©) J(eu/an as?
16 Ifp isa pressure, Va velocity and p a Muid density, what are
the dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) p/p, (b) pVp. and
(©) p/oV
LT If Vis velocity, € a fength, and » a Mud property (the kine
matic viscosity) having dimensions of L27~!, which of the fol-
lowing combinations are dimensionless: (a) Vir, (b) VE/v, () Vv,
(a v/eo
LB If Vis a velocity, determine the dimensions of Z, a, and G,
which appear inthe dimensionally homogeneous equation
V= a
19 ‘The volume rate of flow, Q, through a pipe conta
‘moving liquid is given by the equation
ak'Ap
Bue
N+G
where Ris the pipe radius, Ap the pressure drop along the pipe
4 fluid propery called viscosity (FL °7), and € the length of
Pipe, What are the dimensions of the constant 7/8? Would you
classify this equation as a general homogeneous equation?
Explain.
1.10. According to information found in an old hydraulies book
the energy loss per unit weight of fluid flowing through a nozzle
connected to & hose can be estimated by the formula
f= (0.04 10 0.09(0/4}'V2/2g
where hi the energy los per unit weight, D the hose diameter, d
the nozzle tip diameter, V the fluid velocity inthe hose, and g the
avity, Do you tl ‘equation is valid in any
Explain,
LLL. The pressure difference, 4p, across a partial blockage in an
anery (called a stenosis) is approximated by the equation
acceleration of
system of units
eave a
Benya
whore Vis the blo wlio, he blood vicoty (FLD,
liso sent), Date dtr Ath ea te
Soe epics ont ernst iowent Doeeuierae ds
ap
1.12. Assume that the speed of sound, c in fluid depends on an
clastic modulus, £,, with dimensions FL", and the fluid density.
pin the form ¢ = (E,}(p) If this isto be a dimensionally ho-
‘mogeneous equation, what are the values for a and b? Is your re-
silt consistent with the standard formula forthe speed of sound?
(See Eg. 1.198)
1.13. A formula to estimate the volume rate of flow, Q, flowing
‘over a dam of length, is given by the equation
= 1708H"
where His the depth of the water above the top ofthe dam (called
the head), This formula gives Q in mY when B and H are in
ameter. Is the constant, 1.70, dimensionfess? Would this equation
be valid if units other than meter and seconds were used?
1.14 Cite an example of a restricted homogeneous equation con
ed ina technical ance found in an engineering journal in your
field of interest. Define all terms in the equation, explain why it
is a restricted equation, and provide a complete journal citation
(ait, date, ete),
1.15. Water lows from a large drainage pipe at arate of 4500 L/min,
‘What is this volume rate of flow in m/s?
1.16 An important dimensionless parameter in certain types of
uid flow problems isthe Froude number defined as V/ Ve, where
Vis a velocity, ¢ the aceleration of gravity, and € a length, Deter
mine the value of the Froude number’ for V=3m/s, @
9.81 m/s", and € = 0.6m, 32
CChapter 1 m Introduction
Section 14 Measures of
1.17 Obiain a photograph/image ofa situation in which the den-
sity or specifi weight ofa fluid is important. Print this photo and
waite brief paragraph that describes the situation involved
uid Mass and Weight
1.18 A tank contains $00 kg ofa liguid whose specific gravity i
2 Determine the volume ofthe liquid in the tank
1.19 Clouds can weigh thousands of newtons due to their liquid
Water content Often this content is measured in grams per cubic
meter (g/m). Assume that a cumulus loud oceupies a volume of |
fone cubic kilometer, and its liquid water content i 0.2 g/m’. (a)
What is the volume of this cloud in cubic kilometers? (b) How
‘much does the water in the cloud weigh in newtons?
20, A tank of oil has a mass of 365 kg. (a) Determine its weight
Jn newtons at the earth's surface. (b) What would be its mass
{in kg) and its weight (in newtons)iPlocated on the moon's surface
Where the gravitational attraction is approximately one-sixth that
at the earth's surface?
21 A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth's surface. Deter
‘mine the mass of the object (in kilograms) and its weight (in new.
tos) when located on a planet with an aeceleration of gravity equal
to Lome?
1.22. The density of a certain type of jet fuel is 775 kg/m’. De
termine its specific gravity and specific weight,
1.23. A hydrometer is used wo measure the specific gravity of lig
uids, (See Video V2.8.) For a certain liquid, a hydrometer read
ing indicates a specifie gravity of 1.15, What is the liguid’s den
sity and specifie weight?
1.24 An open, rigid-walled, cylindrical tank contains 0.1 m? of
water at 4 "C, Over a 24-hour period af ime the water tempera
ture varies from 4 to 32 °C. Make use of the data in Appendix B
to determine how much the volume of water will change. For a
tank diameter of 0.6 m, would the corresponding change in water
depth he very noticeable? Explain.
1.25 Estimate the number of newtons of mercury it would take
to ill your bathtub, List all assumptions and show al calculations
1.26 A mounain climber's oxygen tank contains 4.45 N of oxy-
‘gen when he begins his tip at sea level where the acceleration
ff gravity is 9.81 m/s. What is the weight ofthe oxygen in the
tank when he reaches the top of Mt, Everest where the acceler
ation of gravity is 9.78 m/s"? Assume that no oxygen has been
-moved from the tank; it will be used on the descent portion of
the climb
‘The information on a can of pop indicates that the can con:
tins $55 ml. The mass of a full ean of pop is 0.369 kg while an
‘empty can weighs 0.153 N: Determine the specific weight, de
sity. and specifi gravity of the pop and compare your esults with,
the coresponding values for water at 20 °C
*1.28 The variation inthe density of water, p, with temperature
Tin the range 20°C = T= 501°C. is given inthe following table
Hamre ete Pe 7 et Cel
‘Temperaure(ro) | 20 | 2s T 30 | as | ao | as I so
Use these data to determine an empirical equation of the form
p= c; + e+ eT” which can be used to predict the density over
the range indicated. Compare the predicted. values withthe data
iven. What isthe density of water at 42.1 °C?
1.29 If 1 cup of cream having a density of 100S kg/m is turned
into 3 cups af whipped cream, determine the specific gravity and
Specific weight of the whipped cream,
1.30 The presence of raindrops in the air during a heavy rain
storm increases the average density ofthe air-water mixture, Est
‘mate by what percent the average air-water density is greater than
that of just sil si. State all assumptions and show calcula
Section 1.5 Ideal Gas Law
1.31 Determine the mass of air in a 2m? tank ifthe aris at room
lemperature, 20 °C, and the absolute pressure within the tank is
200 kPa (abs).
1.32. Nitrogen is compressed to a density of 4 kg/m? under an ab
solute pressure of 40K kPa, Determine the temperature in degrees
Celsius
1.33 The temperature and pressure atthe surface of Mars during
a Manian spring day were determined to be ~50 °C and 900 Pa,
respectively (a) Determine the density ofthe Martian atmosphere
for these conditions ifthe gas constant for the Martian atmosphere
i assumed to be equivalent to that of carbon dioxide, (b) Compare
the ansvver from part (a) with the density of the earth's atmosphere
during a spring day when the temperature is 18 °C and the pres
sute 101.6 kPa (abs).
1.M_ A closed tank having a volume of 0.06 m? is filled with,
13 N of a gas, A pressure gage attached to the tank reads $3 KPa
when the gas temperature is 27°C. There is some question as to
Whether the gas in the tank is oxygen or helium, Which do. you
think its? Explain how you arived at your answer
1.35. A compressed air tank contains 5 kg of ait at a temperature
of 80 °C. A gage on the tank reads 300 kPa, Determine the vol
lume ofthe tank.
1.36 A gid tank contains air ata pressure of 620 KPa (abs) and
a temperature of 15 °C. By how much will the pressure increase
asthe temperature is inereased to 43 °C’
1.37. The helium-filld blimp shown in Fig, P37 is used at yar
ious athletic events, Determine the number of newtons of helium
within i fis volume is 1926 m? and the temperature and pres
sure are 27 °C and 98 KPa (abs), respectively
M FIGURE P1.37
"1.38 Develop a computer program for calculating the density
fof an ideal gas when the gas pressure in pascals as}, the tem
perature in degrees Celsius, and the gas constant in 7kg- Kare
specified, Plot the density of helium asa function of temperature
from 0 °C to 200 °C and pressures of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kPa
abs)
Section 1,6 Viscasity (Also see Lab Problems 1.98,
and 1.99.)
1.39 Obtain a photographvimage of a situation in which the vis
cosity of a fluid is important, Print this photo and write abril
paragraph that describes the situation involved
1.40. For flowing water, what isthe magnitude ofthe velocity gr
dient needed to produce a shear stress of 1.0 N/m®? L41 Make use of the data in Appendix B to determine the dy
namic viscosity of glycerin at 29°C
142 One ype of copillary-tube viscometer is shown in Video
VL and in Fig, P1-42, For this device the liquid to be tested is
