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GLI.TC/H 20111
READER[R0R]

GLI.TC/H
READER[ROR]
20111

GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111 editors: Nick Briz, Evan Meaney, Rosa

Menkman, William Robertson, Jon Satrom, Jessica Westbrook.
Publisher: Unsorted Books
A PDF of this publication is downloadable at:
HTTP://GLI.TC/H/READERROR
[email protected]
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11-11-11 / ?
User Agreement:
GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111 is distributed under the copy<it>right
license, copying/sharing is encouraged/appreciated.
2 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

this reader[ror] is de[a]dicated

to all those pixels and programs
who gave their lives in the hope
of making something wrong,
right.

DE[A]DICATION / 3

4 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

CONTENTS
007_ THNX:
011_ FWD:
015_ Tom McCormack
Code Eroded: At GLI.TC/H 2010, RHIZOME
023_ Curt Cloninger
GltchLnguistx:The Machine in the Ghost / Static Trapped in Mouths
043_ http://gli.tc/h/wiki
045_jon.satrom
BARF.ART_ICLE/GIGO
053_ Nick Briz
Glitch Art Historie[s] / contextualizing glitch art -- a perpetual beta
059_ Rosa Menkman
The Glitch Art Genre
069_ Rosa Menkman and Iman Moradi
GLI.TC/H B/Lingo
073_ Hannah Piper Burns + Evan Meaney
Glitches Be Crazy, the problem of self-identification through noise
077_ Channel TWo
Artificial Synchronicity: The Empire Never Ended
081_ http://t.rashb.in
085_Mez
089_ jonCates

3 3
119_ Matthew Fuller
Know Your Sorts
131_Nick Briz, JODI, Rosa Menkman, jon.satrom
4040404040404
137_ Alexander Galloway
FORK
143_ A Bill Miller
147_Laimonas Zakas
151_ Iman Moradi
Glitchbreak.
/5

6 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

THNX
function thanks() {
var acknowledgements = the GLI.TC/H/BOTS
i.e. + theBots + would like to thank + guestBots() +
READERRORcontributors + for their amazing contributions
to this txt. + openDoc + All the artists and supportors
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glitchardnixon + asendorf + for their curatorial energies.;
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Jan Szpila, James Connolly, Immo Blaese, Beatriz
THNX / 7

Gutierrez, Nick Disabato, ffd8, Kyle Evans, Scott

Fitzgerald, Hoyd Breton, Rich, aandnota, Benedikt
Betz, Michael McGregor, unknown8bit, Kieran Nolan,
Cody Walton, Alex Halbert, Peter Bichsel, Warren
Harrison, Silas Reeves, Bryce Dwyer, thomas dunstan
& brea acton, hannah piper burns, Devin Hales,
Andrew Fenchel, Manolis Pahlke, Brendan Zabarauskas,
Delinda Collier, Joseph Chiocchi, Josh Davison,
Leonard Souza, Robb Irrgang, Michael Shirley, Simon
King, Jonas Lund, Tamas Kemenczy, Felipe Tofani,
Stephen Swift, Mark, lotte menkman, Nicholas Teeple,
Lyn Elliot, a bill, Mike DeMille, William Robertson, Kris
Haamer, Paul Briz, Nicholas OBrien, Justin Kazmark,
superkoffee, Mikito Kawasaki, krue, Melissa Barron,
Jon Perez, james warrier, Grayson, Alfredo Domador,
Ben Baker-Smith, Andy Molloy, Tiffany Ann Funk,
Mattias Arbelius, hellocatfood, Kate Shults, Sebastian
Tomczak, Peter Kirn, Felipe Turcheti, knjko, Ivan von
Christ, greggersaurus, Charles Adler, ben beaumont,
Patty, Justin Lincoln, Kyle Harney, hunter, Esther
Grimm, Dries De Roeck, JP Reeves, Matt Costanza,
Nadav Gerber, Wilfried Schobeiri, Todd Sherman,
Robert Mais, Mariana Blanco, Paul Hertz, AlexJZB,
Kevin Clark, Ken Gagne, Jempty, Jonathan Hense,
Brian Baker, Seto Konowa, tntb, bsdf, Kenny Shaw,
Danny Lesh, grel, craigp, Trevr Michael Merchant,
Kevin Ripp, mark beasley, davers, Breeebo, Rahul
Sebastian, Jacob Kart, thom.staton, Zelda Zinn,
Fifth & First, Timothy Dilich, Evan K&uuml;hl, outpt,
Peter Jacobson, Brian S. Chung, Sandor Weisz, David
Apple, Petyr Stretz, Anne Petersen, joshua may,
Noah, Pedro Rosrio Silva, stallio, Theron Trowbridge,
nbqx, Dicholas Navis, Jan Vlnas, Mana, Moth Boy,
Battle Lava, christine lee, Marta Blicharz, mwolff,
TinaMarina, Iman Moradi, Kevin Hodges, John
McAndrew, Sylvain.];
var glitchVenues = [ Enemy, the Nightingale Theatre,
MBLabs, STEIM, Planetart, VIVID.];
var SeanDove = Sean Dove;
var Shusaku = Shusaku;
var JessicaWestbrook = Jessica Westbrook;
thanks();
8 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

THNX

/9

10 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

FWD:
READER[ROR]
GLI.TC/H/BOTS
<ref=nofollow value=off>

Dear DNSBL <insert reader=white-list, NoBL list, Yellow

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Good news! You just entered the CAPPSII of the GLI.TC/H
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PRINT: While techno[logical] glitch is primarily a process
of _shock <require> investigation + cognition, glitch.art is
*best de/scribed as collection of forms/ ++ /events that ~osc
in//betwixt exe.tremes: (the fragile, technologically-based
moment(um)... of a material break, the conceptual or technocultural investigation of breakages, && the accepted and
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communitie[s] which have formed in/around these exe.tremes.
To en(capsul)ate a whole range of unstable processess and
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In processing @community that en(compass)es both the most
rebellious and the most stable or commodified works of glitch,
the first question that arises is whether there can even be any
common denominator in these #outpts?

FWD:READER[ROR] / 11

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To consider glitch art as a communitie[s].exe is to emphasize
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offered in the spirit of a gathering that celebrates the forking
and merging path/s/ of the 20111 glitch mods && networks
&& threads. while its type is fixed in ink, laser, and encoding;
that which it represents continues to be fluid, contradictory,
and (with help) communal, allowing GLI.TC/H (fr)re(e)tailers,
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14 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

TomMcCormack
McCor
Tom
Code Eroded: At GLI.TC/H 2010, RHIZOME, Oct 2010

In the inverted world of glitch art, functionality is just a sterile enclosure of creative space and degradation, an agent of renewal.
Such was the spirit in the air at GLI.TC/H 2010, a five-day conference in Chicago organized by Nick Briz, Evan Meaney, Rosa
Menkman and Jon Satrom that included workshops, lectures,
performances, installations and screenings. Intuitively, most
people involved with new media know what glitch art isits art
that tweaks technology and causes either hardware or software
to sputter, fail, misfire or otherwise wig out. Narrowing in on a
more precise definition can be perilous, though. Purists would
insist on a distinction between art that uses actual malfunctions
and art that imitates malfunctions, but the organizers of GLI.
TC/H 2010 took a catholic approach to their programming.
A concern with the histories and pre-histories of glitch art pervaded the conference. In her lecture and presentation, Rosa
Menkman offered an avenue for one possible genealogy, juxtaposing Len Lyes A Colour Box (1937), a kinetic film consisting of
scratched and hand-painted celluloid, Nam June Paiks famous
Magnet TV (1965), a television with a magnet placed on top to
distort the signal, Cory Arcangels TH42PV60EH Plasma Screen
Burn (2007), a plasma television with text burnt into it and Jodis
Webcrash2800 \%SCR2 (2009), which consists of cracked LCD
monitors. As celluloid gave way to cathode ray tubes, which
gave way to plasma screens and liquid crystal displays, every
mutation seems to have been accompanied by a desire to break
the screen, to draw out some of its essential properties; properties which either werent reckoned with by its makers or were
purposefully hidden.

/ 15

Joan Heemskerk and Dirk Paesmans, who work under the name
Jodi, are clearly spiritual ancestors of modern data corrupters.
In addition to being Skyped in for the closing lecture and discussion, Jodis piece Untitled Game (1996-2001) was displayed at
the GLI.TC/H gallery show. Untitled Game consists of 14 variations of the video game Quake 1, all of which push the game to
the border of illegibility, re-ordering the code in such a way as to
make abstractions of the original material. But what remains in
the work is the element of interaction; the arrows will have some
effect on whats presented on the screen, sometimes even giving
you the feeling of moving forwards and backwards, side to side.
One modification renders the pixels in a grid-like black and white,
giving the feeling of moving through a Frank Stella painting withkaleidoscope sunglasses.
Interactive work was frequent at the GLI.TC/H gallery opening,
and is in some ways a natural move for glitch artists. The promise of psychedelia (a genre that glitch work often flirts with and
sometimes belongs to) is the promise of empowering the viewer
through a disruption of their routinized modes of perception; and
where empowerment is a goal, interactivity is never far away.
One of the most interesting interactive works was a live datamoshing installation by Bob Weisz, Paul Korzan and Tom Butterworth. Weisz coauthored Chairlifts Evident Utensil video and
made the YouTube datamoshing tutorial How to Datamosh. The
groups installation consisted of a live video feed which would
datamosh every 60 seconds. In addition, there was a microphone that sped up the datamoshing process when spoken into.
What resulted was a kind of hypnotizing narcissistic feedback;
you watched your face distort in accordance with your voice.
An ethic of interactivity also guided the day of workshops at GLI.
TC/H. Where a 16mm experimentalist like Phil Solomon imperiously guards the secret methods he uses to erode and reorganize film emulsion, glitchers seem eager to share their strategies. Part of this probably has to do with the fact that many new
media artists are code junkies who come directly out of the open
source movement; but then the opensource movement may
have equal roots in functional programming and media art. In
the first workshop, Patrick McCarthy and Alex Inglizian showed
how to break open electronics and do some elementary circuit
bending, providing participants with a straightforward approach
to hardware hacking. Nick Brizs workshop took a more uncon-

16 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

ventional tack, blending technical and philosophical instruction.

Briz has created a codec that purposefully glitches files; but instead of making the program itself publicly available, hes made
detailed instructions for how construct the program publicly available, and included with these instructions his thoughts on art and
copyright laws. Following in the footsteps of Dan Sandin and Phil
Mortons Distribution Religion, a booklet on how to build Sandins Image Processor that included early anti-copyright agit-prop,
Brizs Glitch Codec Tutorial/Workshop is utopian not only in its
anti-corporate provocations, but in its belief that democratizing
the tools of digital expression can enfranchise people and turn
passive consumers into active producers.
Brizs other piece at the festival, a remix of Rosa Menkmans A
Vernacular of File Formats (2010), played as a tongue in cheek
throwback to structural cinema. Vernacular of File Formats R3M1X (2010) scrolls through Menkmans pdf at 24fps, creating
a flickering tour of various kinds of digital disruption. Menkmans
Vernacular was itself displayed at GLI.TC/Hs gallery show, and
was certainly one of the events exemplary works. Literally a lexicon of compression artifacts, Menkmans work has an obvious
affinity with Hollis Framptons Artificial Light (1969), a compendium of film processing effects.
Menkman also screened two movies; Radio Dada (2008) and
The Collapse of PAL (2010). Dada is a swirl of glitched video
feedback set to a calming techno-beat by Extraboy. The Collapse of PAL may be Menkmans most ambitious video to date.
While celluloid fetishists are still mourning the discontinuation
of their beloved Kodachrome, with this work Menkman has
assembled a loving eulogy for Phase Alternate Line analogue
television signal. But this eulogy insists that formats never really
die - they live on as echoes in subsequent media. Composed
partly of haunting landscapes filtered through a broken camcorder, Collapse is overlaid with text from the point of view of
Benjamins Angel of History. PAL slowly vanishes in these eerie
ruins, notes the Angel, only to survive as a trace left on other
connections, crashed and collided, this is where PALs history
can still be found.
Tatjana Marusics Memory of a Landscape also, as the title suggests, tied glitches to history and memory. A series of landscape
panoramas from old films that dissolve into an impressionistic

Tom McCormack / 17

smorgasbord, Marusics blunt title points to an essential truth.

Corrupted digital files arent a metaphor for personal and cultural
memory, but a synecdoche for it. Its not just that blurred data
reminds us of how objects and events recede in our minds over
time, but that data files are actually used to store our memories for us - and as glitched files illustrate, this particular form of
memorization is not immune from the distortions associated with
human memory.
GLI.TC/H took a heady, philosophical turn with Curt Cloningers
lecture, GltchLnguistx: The Machine in the Ghost / Static
Trapped in Mouths. Cloninger wants to erase the distinction
between our idea of language as a fixed system and language
as a series of utterances. Language only enters the world, he
argues, through our intoned, marked, performed use of it. Once
weve gotten rid of some idea of a pure text, were left with
the conclusion that meaning can never be divorced from what
Cloninger refers to a san utterances affect. As texts make their
way to us through digital intermediaries, these intermediaries in
part determine their affect, which in part determines their meaning. Glitch art, then, becomes a magnifying glass put up to the
affective disturbances in modern communication and thus is essential, in Cloningers view, for understanding how meaning is
made in modern culture.
Speaking of affect, a lot of pop insouciance could be found at
GLI.TC/H. Two different artists presented hacked Nintendo systems; no-carrier giving a lecture on the subject and noteNdo giving a lecture and a live performance. no-carrier made the point
that many audience members can remember savoring the moments in their childhood when their video game systems would
glitch, offering up a glimpse at the hidden world of data structuring this new mediated experience. Indeed, the pixel structure
of old Nintendos is probably woven deep into the subconscious
of the generation growing up in the 1980s, a fact which makes
no-carrier and noteNdos hacks into kinds of willfully regressive
fantasias.
In a similar vein, Jimmy Joe Roches Power Wagons may represent the next logical step of the MTV aesthetic, a possibility
I personally have some ambivalence about. Pure pop psychosis, Wagons is a mashup of Charles Manson, Shana Moultonesque faux-new-ageyness, Hitchcocks The Birds and flickering,

18 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

datamoshed color fields. This was probably the most immersive

video at GLI.TC/H, a full frontal retinal assault, with Roche offering a Paul Sharits to Ryan Trecartins Jack Smith.
A more critical approach to popular culture was presented by
Theodore Darsts I Corrupted Miley Cyrus. Darst glitched the
tween idol and silhouetted her on a black background, deforming
her features and stranding her far from her adoring crowd. I Corrupted recalls Dubuffets inversions of the classic female form
and, like Dubuffets paintings, highlights the aggression inherent
in acts of objectification.
The closing lecture by Jodi was an interesting way to end the
festival. A common anxiety regarding glitch art is that it might just
be formalism with an inhuman face; a rehash of abstract expressionism filtered through cracked code. While some glitch artists
might be comfortable with this, many would not be. In acertain
light, Jodi did little to dispel this kind of thinking; their discussion
was shot through with echoes of Greenbergian aesthetics. Paesmans spoke of his rejection of representing three-dimensional
space and of Jodis video game detournements as a search for a
flat and literal space to wipe out the original illusionism. Its interesting in this context to take note of James Petersons observation, in Dreams of Chaos, Visions of Order, that Greenbergian
thinking can find itself in a strange dance with Barthesian metacritique. Barthes formulated his idea of myth this way: Semiology has taught us that myth has the task of giving anhistorical
intention a natural justification, and making contingency appear
eternal. This is exactly the function of bourgeois ideology (Mythologies, 142). Now, Peterson points out, Myth does exactly
the opposite of what Greenberg suggests modern art does. To
paraphrase Greenberg in Barthesian vocabulary, modern art
has an anti-mythical or anti-ideological function: it demonstrates
that aspects of work that were previously accepted as natural
and necessary were actually cultural and contingent (Dreams of
Chaos, 88). And as the politics of glitching were mulled over at
the conference, this seems to be what the machines were whispering, or screaming, in our ears: that what we call content is the
real accident and accidents are the true reality.

Tom McCormack / 19

20 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 21

22 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Curt Cloninger
GltchLnguistx:
The Machine in the Ghost / Static Trapped in Mouths

This essay applies Mikhail Bakhtins language theory of the utterance to the machinic event of the glitch in order to illuminate
contemporary glitch art practices, and to suggest fruitful ways
in which they might proceed. I understand the glitch to be an
affective event generated by a media machine (computer, projector, game console, LCD screen, etc.) running in real-time, an
event which creates an artifact that colors and modulates any
signal or content being sent via that machine. In 1962, John
Glenn famously defined glitch as a spike or change in voltage
in an electrical current.1 Glitch has since come to demarcate a
set of audio/visual artistic practices which capture, exploit, and
produce glitch artifacts.
My goal is not to end all conversation about glitch art by ontologically overdetermining what a glitch is and how exactly it works.
Instead, I pose this specific, particular position in the hopes of
ending some of the more dead-end and circular conversations
about the glitch. I also hope this essay will open up more fruitfully problematic conversations, and will lead to less banal, more
conceptually rigorous works of art.
Dichotomies To Be Exploded
It is a clich of early cyber-theory to embrace the transcendental
ideal of disembodied code and run with it. According to this approach, humans are simply data run on wetware. If we could
somehow abstract this data and port it to computer hardware,
we could upload our souls/selves. We could become the ghost
(dismebodied spirit/code) in the machine (computer hardware).
This hope of disembodiedimmortality is rooted in some specious,
idealistic presuppositions about the way computers and humans
actually work. Much of who humans are is inextricably bound
to the action of our bodies in lived and present time. Likewise,
computers dont execute code in a transcendent, metaphysical
vacuum. Code is run on physical hardware in lived and present
(albeit massively accelerated) time. Computer code (like human
language) may theoretically exist in a timeless transcendental
/ 23

realm, but in order for it to intersect being, it has to be read by

and run on something -- a person or a computer. The glitch foregrounds and problematizes this myth of pure transcendental
data, of pur and perfect signal. The glitch is a perpetual reminder
of the immanent, real-time embodiment of executed code.
The myth that humans can upload their souls is related to the
myth of pure signal transference. Both of these myths are derived from residual Platonic dichotomies which need to be exploded. Some of these Platonic dichotomies are: immanent |
transcendent, physical | metaphysical, body | spirit, hardware |
software, incarnation | disembodiment, in time | out of time, lived
life | philosophical ideals, uttered event | language system, emotion/volition | content/meaning, present event | memory, glitch
event | glitch artifact/trace, compiled and running code | source
code
These dichotomies are not binary opposites. They are not even
gradual continua transitioning slowly from one extreme to the
other. Instead, these extremes are inextricably enmeshed. Furthermore, they are not simply enmeshed (like the contours of
an infinity symbol, evenly phasing back and forth between extremes). No, they are much more complicatedly, erratically, and
problematically enmeshed (like an abstract diagram of Deleuzean relationships). Furthermore, they are not haphazardly, randomly, or aleatorically enmeshed. No, they are rigorously, finegrainedly, contingently enmeshed. These extremes intersect
and entangle in the ongoing, lived and present moment. This
ongoing, lived and present moment is the moment of the glitch
and the moment of the utterance.

Marc Nguis illustration of chapter 1, paragraph 16,

of Deleuze & Guattaris A Thousand Plateaus2

24 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Signals About Signals (A Controlled Experiment)

One way to test what a system is doing is to send human language through it and see what happens. Human language is
complex. It involves a transcendent, linguistic system (as Chomsky observes). It also involves semiotic play of meaning (as
Derrida observes). But (as Bakhtin observes), human language
ultimately involves real-time, affective utterances -- speech acts
based on individual human will (volition) that occur in a specific
lived context (time and space, here and now). So human language is both transcendent and immanent. It foregrounds the
strange/complex intersection of these two purported extremes
(metaphysical/out of time vs. immanent/in time).
What happens to human language when it is glitched by media
machines? As receiving humans, we still try to semiotically decode such language (language as a system of meaning), but
we also experience it as a material, affective force (language
as utterance/event). Examples of language sent down a glitchladen path:
.....................................................................................................
A. SECRET WORLD

the introduction to a live performance of Peter Gabriels Secret World

Gabriel speaks about surface disturbances as his mediated surface is disturbed. The more his language describes the uncanny
violence of underground disturbances, the more violently these
hidden disturbances irrupt and modulate his mediated surface.
The media machine here is very analog -- the mirrored surface
of water.3

Curt Cloninger / 25

.....................................................................................................
B. ANALOG IMAGE PROCESSOR 3

Sandin demonstrating the Analog Image Processor

Sandin describes what his body is doing. As his hand turns a

knob, that real-time tweak modulates the mediated image of his
hand turning the knob. It is not a binary digital effect, like toggling
a button on and off. It is a sliding analog effect -- the more he
turns the knob, the more the image of his hand turning the knob
is qualitatively affected.
.....................................................................................................
C. DEAR MR. COMPRESSION

Rosa Menkmans Dear Mr. Compression

Menkman is not really talking to the compression codex. She is

talking to us through the compression codex, and it is modulating her language. If we were simply shown several still frames
from this video, the language would be largely illegible. But over
time, it has an aggregated effect. We make semiotic sense of
its meaning only by negotiating the affective, embodied movement of its form as it performs its own utterance in real-time.
26 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

.....................................................................................................
D. MOUTHS TRAPPED IN STATIC

Mouths Trapped in Static by Set Fire To Flames

In my list of the saddest songs in the world, this is number seven.

The relationship between the speakers is bound to deteriorate.
The piece is conceptually successful because of the tension between the semiotic content (the literal meaning of the language
spoken) and the affective signal disturbances which seem to
freeze, critique, isolate, and ultimately doom any embodied connection these two humans are trying to make.
.....................................................................................................
E. GLI.TC/H POSTER

fragment of a poster which was derived from a datamoshed video by Tokyo artist UCNV

Because of the typography, this poster is not merely abstract

glitch forms, nor is it merely stylized grunge typography. The
typeface is not a short-cut stand-in or a symbol for decay. Instead, the typeface evidences a kind of event-centric residual
trace of its own actual decay. Something has happened to it.
The language of the poster displays not merely the semiotic
meaning of the signified; it also dis-plays/dis-splays a trace of
a real-time event.4

Curt Cloninger / 27

Philosophers as Adhesives
Perhaps philosophers are like adhesives. You have to pick the
right one for the job, and there is no single right one for every job.
Plato is like Elmers Glue: he is ubiquitous; he holds things together well enough; and everyone has swallowed him at a young
age unawares without any immediately fatal results. Derrida is
like duct tape: it is tempting to apply him to everything, but if
you apply him too liberally to problems that need a less than
all-encompassing approach, the results will be very sticky and
munged-up with a bunch of deconstructive residue which largely
obscures the original problem. If McLuhan is a thin rubber band
(more or less useful in his analysis of media), then Debord is a
thick rubber band (trying earnestly to outwit the trap of media
spectacularization), and Baudrillard is a silly band (resigned to
play in a mediated simulacrum).5
Of course these are oversimplifications, but not necessarily
un-useful ones. The philosophers from which you launch will
necessarily color the subsequent inquiry of your art theory and
practice. In order to analyze the glitch, Ive chosen Russian philosopher and literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin.6 Bakhtin is like
gaffers tape. He adheres tightly when suitably applied, but he
releases his grip quickly when it is time to decouple things and
move on to new locales and configurations.
Bakhtin and The Utterance
Before I oversimplistically explicate Bakhtins theory of the utterance, I will begin with some direct quotations:
Language enters life through concrete utterances (which manifest language) and life enters language through concrete utterances as well. The utterance is an exceptionally important node
of problems.7
Only the contact between the language meaning and the concrete reality that takes place in the utterance can create the spark
of expression. It exists neither in the system of language nor in
the objective reality surrounding us. Thus, emotion, evaluation,
and expression are foreign to the word of language and are born
only in the process of its live usage in a concrete utterance.8
Each text (both oral and written) includes a significant number
of various kinds of natural aspects devoid of signification... but
which are still taken into account (deterioration of manuscript,
poor diction, and so forth). There are not nor can there be any
pure texts. In each text, moreover, there are a number of aspects

28 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

that can be called technical (the technical side of graphics, pronunciation, and so forth).9
To Bakhtin, the lived and ongoing present is the locus where the
abstract rules of linguistics and semiotics are injected into being.
Language never comes into the present generically. It is always
colored by and contingent upon embodied, contextual affects of
lived being. I can say Im hungry at a certain place and time,
and someone else can say Im hungry at a later place in time.
Both sentences are linguistically and semiotically the same, but
they are completely different utterances due to the differing
lived contexts into which they were uttered.
Unlike Derrida, Bakhtin satisfactorily takes into account the importance of embodied affect on human language. The breeze
blowing through my wifes hair as she meets me in the yard and
says, Welcome home, honey, the timbre in her voice, the tilt of
her head, the 6 angle of the sunlight striking her cheek -- all of
these things are as much a part of human language as the denotative/semiotic meaning of the English word welcome.10
Bakhtin is particularly useful for analyzing the glitch because he
doesnt overtly fret over the differences between a live event
and a mediated, time-shifted event. When I read a book in realtime, that reading event constitutes a live utterance, because
the author of the book is uttering to me in lived time now. The
typography of the book, the way the cover feels in my hands,
the way the light falls on the page of the book -- all of these are
real-time, embodied affects that color the language of the book
in the same way that the breeze through my wifes hair colored
the language (welcome) she uttered when she met me in the
yard. The language of a book on a shelf may be transcendental
and out of time, but that language will never get run in real-time
unless I open the book and read it. When I do, embodied affect
enters into the flow of language and colors it in an actual, meaningful, non-incidental way.
Modulating Language via Affect
The first scene of Chris Markers Sans Soleil celebrates the surplus of lived, embodied affect. A scene of three blond-haired girls
walking on a road is shown briefly. The scene doesnt semiotically or linguistically mean anything, which may be why the film
maker (the fictitious sender of letters to the narrator) is unable to
successfully couple the scene with any other images. The film
maker associates this surplus of affect with both memory and
happiness.

Curt Cloninger / 29

the beginning of Chris Markers Sans Soleil

In my own new media reinterpretation of Markers scene, I associate this surplus of affect with the history of photography, the
disturbing uncanniness of dreams, and the glitch. It is worth noting that the particular low-resolution video file that I have embedded in this essay is a much degraded and massaged version
of a DVD quality version of Markers original analog film. Yet
even the original analog film is not a record of the film makers
original lived experience on that day. Derrida becomes useful
here 7 (briefly, but fundamentally): there is always a slippage,
an original difference between something in itself (the girls, the
fence, the hills) and our perception of it. All subsequent meaning
in language derives from this original difference.
According to this understanding of affect, glitch, utterance, and
original difference, everything is always already mediated.
Debord wants to return to an original, real, unmediated experience. Baudrillard says we can no longer return to that original real experience, because we have moved beyond mimetic
mediation and on into simulation and hyper-reality. The problem
with both of these positions is that media are (and always have
been) real. Language spoken in a movie playing in real-time is
language actually uttered in real-time. Granted, it is a strange
kind of second-order language, a quoted and remixed language
(what Bakhtin might call a secondary genre of utterance, like
characters speaking in a novel), but it is no less a real-time, uttered language event. A book, a video, a piece of software -- all
contain potential utterances. Each piece of media awaits its next
real-time run when it is uttered into a unique, singular, never repeatable, spatio-temporal, lived context.

30 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

A glitch is like the wind blowing through a speakers hair. A glitch

injects lived affect into the live utterance. Glitches arises from the
immanent world. (According to Heidegger, the world consists
of things connected to other things within being.) Of course, once
we digitize and increasingly mediate our human language, then
the coughing, sputtering, extra-semiotic forces of the world can
more readily (and radically/rootedly) modulate our language, at
increasingly deeper and more fine-grained structural levels. The
static of the world gets trapped in our mouths.
Note, however, that glitched language is never merely pure
affect, because it always retains a residue (however violently
glitched) of semiotic meaning and linguistic structure. There is
always a non-affective element of language riding the waves of
glitched affect; or, conversely, there is always a non-affective
element of language that glitched affect is able to surf. McLuhan
was hyperbolic to say, The medium is the message. Actually,
medium | message wind up being just one more Platonic dichotomy awaiting explosion and rigorous entanglement.
The Machine Accelerates Lived Time/Space Affects
The glitch event is not unnatural. Its just that we humans are
still acclimating ourselves to it. We are less used to seamlessly
absorbing it as affect. Analog affect is more qualitatively gradual, whereas digital affect can dramatically spike. This explains
the difference between warm analog overdrive distortion11 and
the binary disconnect of digital overdrive distortion. The quality of analog distortion is related to the nature of its source signal, whereas digital distortion is simply a complete miss -- one
second you are hearing the source signal, and the next you are
hearing a monotone beep.
The digital visual glitch can have a similarly jarring effect. When
I come home to the welcome of my wife, the breeze may increase slightly through her hair as she is speaking, and I subtly
perceive and absorb this gradual affective modulation. Were she
to somehow digitally glitch, it would be as if the wind increased
to hurricane force in an instant, and then in the next instant it was
back to a light breeze. Such is the thrilling violence of the digital
glitch. It can be so jarring that we simply filter it out as so much
noise and refuse to even perceive it.

Curt Cloninger / 31

Here is a (very) old school analog glitch: 8

a page from the Book of Durrow (c. 680 A.D.)

The Book of Durrow is a piece of analog media created around

680 A.D. which has gradually glitched over the last several hundred years. Certain parts of it were colored with a pigment that
has eaten away at its vellum substrate. This glitch actually follows the contours of the original ornamentation. It is a very slow
glitch.
Unlike pigment and parchment, the computer is like a space/time
accelerator. An analog page may wrinkle or fade, but a computer
screen constantly refreshes (60-80 times per second). The computer is perpetually doing; it is always performing in real-time.
So it throws off affective anomalies more frequently (quantitatively) and more extremely (qualitatively).
Digital glitches are thus more instantaneous and frequent, but
they also follows specific formal contours of decay. Different
compression codexes glitch in different formal ways. Here is a
digital glitch of the preceding Book of Durrow jpg achieved in
an instant by intentionally corrupting the files source code in a
text editor:
Wild vs. Domesticated Glitches
A glitch is actually an affective event that happens in time. The
results of such a glitch may be captured (by taking a screen shot
of the visuals produced during a glitch event). This captured
glitch may be thought of as the trace of a glitch, the residue of
a glitch, or the archive of a glitch. These glitch traces may be
thought of as wild glitches.12
32 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

glitched Book of Durrow (c. 2010 A.D.)

Glitches can also be intentionally produced by artists trying to

achieve a purposeful glitch effect. Glitch artist/theorist Rosa
Menkman calls these intentional glitches domesticated glitches.13 The term glitch art might apply to all domesticated glitches and all wild glitches that have been captured and recontextualized as art.
Thus far I have mostly been examining the phenomenon of wild
glitches, but my observations are equally applicable to domesticated glitches, because both glitches ultimately and finally
run not on computers, but on human wetware in real-time. Both
glitches are experienced by humans as a spike or a surplus of
affect.
Are there particular sub-genres of domesticated glitches? Free
range, organic, grain-fed, etc. (software mods, hardware mods,
file corruption, etc.). Different glitch mod(ification) tech(nologie)
s do indeed have different affects. These affects extend beyond
merely different visual aesthetics. These different modifications
are actually bodily experienced in qualitative different ways, including but not limited to the recognition of visual forms. A rigorous and exhaustive taxonomy of glitches might be interesting,
but it would prove very difficult (just as Bakhtins call for a rigorous taxonomy of various speech genres has 10 never fully been
answered). Casual speech genres and technological glitches are
constantly evolving, because social human situations and hardware/software technologies are constantly evolving.

Curt Cloninger / 33

A Wild Glitch Safari

Over time and through repeated use, my laptop computer has
developed a habit of diagonal glitching. I have no idea how or
why these glitches began occurring, but I have been regularly
documenting them since.
The Killing Jar
These documented glitches are like dead butterflies that I have
begun categorizing and taxonomizing. They subdivide into four
main types:
1. directories
2. interfaces
3. prose
4. non-linguistic forms
Catch and Release
I began posting these glitches to an online art bulletin board.
This project has become a kind catch and release program:
capturing glitches in the wild context of immanent digital time
(the ever-refreshing environment of my own laptop screen) and
releasing them into the live stream of digital language (an online
bulletin board of ASCII English text). If this is art, it is a kind of
performance art that enframes and contextualizes. First, these
glitch images (with their residual broken interface elements)
question the accepted, default interface frame of the Bulletin
Board System (net.stitutional_critique?). Second, these posts
shift the signal/noise ratio of human language in that particular
online community.
Politics of the Determination of Signal vs. Noise
There is a brief moment in the cyberpunk film Johnny Mnemonic
where a TV news broadcast in the lobby of a posh hotel is temporarily interrupted by a glitchy pirate signal of a patchworked
face saying, Snatch back your brain, zombie. Snatch it back
and hold it. A bellhop and the titular character (played by Keanu
Reeves) briefly focus on the hijacked broadcast, but once the
regular news broadcast returns (the announcer says, Sorry,
technical difficulty), they immediately forget the interruption as if
it had never occurred. In this dystopian future, noise (as opposed
to signal) has become so prevalent, political dissent is conveniently filtered out as a mere technical glitch. I want to reflect
on the political implications of the glitch. (According to Bruno
Latour, politics are simply shared matters of human concern
that congregate around things in the world.)

34 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

The Ghost in The Machine from Johnny Mnemonic

Lived affects color lived utterance. As such, lived affects matter.

But they can also be filtered out by those seeking a pure transcendent signal. As listeners, we learn to negotiate increasing
amounts of mediated interference. We are always trying to cognitively filter noise, trying to find our way back to a natural/real
state of normal. But this return to natural normal is impossible.
Its not impossible in a Baudrillardian sense (there is no real, only
simulation). It is impossible precisely because mediated simulation has always already been real. Mediated language is real
language. It has real affect which really inflects and colors its
real semiotic meaning.
The attempt to regulate and filter out irruptive noise and return
to the ideal of a pure signal is the same metaphysical/Platonic
attempt to downplay the immanent and maintain (the myth of)
the pure transcendent. Subverting (literally deconstructing, in
Derridas original sense) this dichotomous, binary metaphysical
system is a radical (root level) political act.
As humans, we can increasingly marginalize the other until we
no longer consider them other. Levinass ethics derive from the
face of the other, but if I erase the face of the other, if the other
is sub-human, if the other receives no body count when I am
adding up my casualties of war, if the other is merely vague collateral damage, then I am no longer ethically obliged to even
respect them as other. They are treated as noise to be filtered.
Curt Cloninger / 35

Genocide as ethnic filtering.

Rosa Menkman begins to apply Foucaults ideas on madness
to the topic of signal vs. noise.14 I would like to expand on the
implications of this application. If I define your signal as wrong,
I have already entered into dialogue with it. I have recognized
your signal as admissible; we simply disagree. But if I define
your signal as madness or noise, then your position no longer demands an ethical answer of me. 12 Academics may filter
out non-academically credentialed positions as noise. Believers
may filter out non-faith-based positions as noise. Radicals may
filter out non-radical positions as noise. Moderates may filter out
non-moderate positions as noise. The list is endless. Such filtering keeps us from having to individually assess and respect
the overwhelming number of voices and positions clamoring for
our attention. But filtering noise is never politically neutral; it
always involves an initial and sweeping value assessment which
then excuses us from having to make subsequent, case-by-case
value assessments based on specific individual positions.
It is one thing to personally and willfully filter a source signal as
noise. It is a much more problematic thing to have that noise
filtered out for you unawares. Certain consumer electronic devices filter out user agency by offering a very limited number
of pre-set options. There seem to be at least two critical artistic
approaches to such pre-set noise filtering: 1) cynically revel in
these pre-sets, call attention to them, use them to make art that
ironically celebrates them, and claim that the failure of your art
is an intentional foregrounding of the failure of pre-set culture. 2)
hot-wire your pre-set devices and force them to do glitched-out
things they were never meant to do.
The second approach seems more promising in the long run, if
for no other reason than that it risks advancing something. What
seems like liminal noise might wind up being the very (diagonal)
line of deterritorialization that leads to a better, emergent, heretofore unimagined future. Ancient Greek philosophy introduced
the idea of the clinamen, a minute swerve in the flow of falling
atoms that caused a chain reaction which led to variety, agency,
and emergence in the world. Without this swerve, there was no
change. Perhaps the glitch is such a swerve.
The general ethical challenge becomes: Do I maintain my current understanding of what it is to be human by perpetually filtering out, staving off, and defending myself from the noise of the
glitch event in order to perpetuate the myth of a pure signal; or

36 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

do I welcome the noise of the glitch as natural and learn to lean

into it? In order to embrace the glitch as something other than
noise to be filtered, I will have to risk modifying my own signal/
noise ratio -- this will entail modifying my aesthetics and my
human self.
One final note regarding the purported impotence of art as mere
symbolism. Glitch art is not merely symbolic of a politics of
noise tolerance. If language is affective and mediated, if politics
are shared matters of human concern that congregate around
things in the world, then glitch art doesnt merely symbolize
a political stance; it actively practices one. Could the glitch become a mere aesthetic fad? Could glitch artists become glitch
Nazis, growing increasingly less tolerant of non-glitch signals?
Yes, of course. All these things have already happened. Still, the
fact that something can be fetishized and commodified is hardly
grounds for its categorical dismissal (since everything, even
Marxist theory, can and has been fetishized and commodified).
Some Strategies
Here are some pragmatic strategies for the practicing glitch artist. Hopefully they will lead to more engaged, relevant, rigorous,
fun, messed-up work.
Invite the Immanent In
When you create, dont hard-bake your glitch media. In other
words, dont find a glitch, isolate it, and then send it down the
line as a perfect glitch specimen (encased in digital amber). Instead, open up your transfer mechanisms to subsequent glitch
events. As a 13 net artist, I prefer animated gifs and layered xhtml/
css rather than the controlled/baked environment of Flash. The
speed of animated gifs (with frame delay set to 0 seconds) is
determined by the speed of the users local processor. CSS
and XHTML invite other platform-specific and browser-specific
anomalies. Resizing the browser window yields different formal
compositions. Separate elements of the page load at different
rates depending on the speed of the users internet connection.
All of these technical considerations invite the immanent event
into the art.
Bakhtins comments on painting seem particularly relevant in this
regard: Finalized, or closed individuals in painting (including
portraiture)... present man exhaustively; he is already completely
there and cannot become other. The faces of people who have
already said everything, who have already died [or] may as well
have died. The artist concentrates his attention on the finalizing,
defining, closing features. We see all of him and expect nothing
Curt Cloninger / 37

more (or different). He cannot be reborn, rejuvenated, or transformed -- this is his finalizing (ultimate and final) stage.15
Compare Giottos figures to Gerhard Richters figures:
Giottos Raising of Lazarus (1305) 14

Giotto is the master of the solid, self-contained, hermetically

sealed human subject. Richter is the master of the dissipated
(and dissipating) human subject. When Richters paintings are
reproduced digitally, his glitch effects seem baked in, but this
is only because the source medium of the snapshot is being returned to itself in the form of the digital thumbnail. Live and in
person, Richters actual paintings are an entirely different event.
Walking toward and away from his canvases invites the immanent glitch event into the viewing experience at every distance.
Entire paintings seem to dissolve at close proximity.
Glitch Your Own Criteria of Glitch Reception
There are two main categories -- signal vs. noise. Signal has two
sub-categories: signals that matter vs. signals that dont. Likewise, noise also has two sub-categories: glitches that are worth
pursing/keeping/archiving/posting/claiming vs. glitches that get
edited/ignored/not captured. The glitch artist and the wild glitch
collector are their own curators at every turn -- deciding which
outcomes to keep and which to ignore; but...
38 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Gerhard Richters Woman Descending the Staircase (1965)

1. Based on what criteria? Based on marvel, surprise, authenticity (unstaged-ness [related to surprise]), messed-up-ness,
kitschy retro-ness, beauty, promise/fruitfulness (a potential to
lead somewhere new)?
2. How can we glitch our own criteria of glitch reception? How
can we glitch ourselves so that we dont always select the same
old glitches? Cagean aleatoric systems? Oulipean systems of
constraint? Collaborative systems? Warning: there are some inherent problems when glitching your own aesthetic criteria. 15
At some point you are going to have to fall back on meta-criteria
in order to determine whether your newly glitched aesthetics are
aesthetically successful. It is a bit like shooting at a moving target, like using drugs and then trying to objectively evaluate the
effect of the drugs while you are still on drugs.

Curt Cloninger / 39

Recognize That Humans Are The Last Mile of Runtime

Regardless of what analog or digital systems you use to massage your glitch, it still ultimately has to run on human wetware.
Could you develop a system or make a work of art that causes
human wetware itself to glitch? Tony Conrads flicker films, Brion
Gysins dream machine, and op art all seem applicable. Glitching language is a promising place to start, because the semiotic
aspects of language always runs in real-time on human wetware
in tandem with (and inextricably entangled with) the embodied,
affective aspects of your glitch.
///////////////////
1
John Glenn, cited in American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed.
(2000), s.v. glitch; quoted in Iman Moradi, Glitch Aesthetics,
(B.A. diss., The University of Huddersfield, 2004), 9.
2

More illustrations from this wonderfully ridiculous project may

be found at http://www.bumblenut.com/drawing/art/plateaus/
index.shtml

3
On the topic of water as a reflective medium, it may be worth
noting that McLuhan claims Narcissus did not fall in love with
himself, but with his own mediated image. cf: Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media; The Extensions of Man (New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1964), Chapter 4.
4

Ironically, the original typeface is Helvetica, famous for its

modernist, generic lack of expressiveness. In the source video,
the type is corrupted by a person crawling through it (via the
dropped keyframe glitch video effect known as datamoshing).
5 For my longer and even more cryptic list of philosophers as
adhesives (complete with illustrations), visit http://rhizome.org/
discuss/view/47186.

6
I am primarily drawing from three texts: Bakhtins early (mid1920s) essay fragment published as Toward a Philosophy of the
Act [trans. Vadim Liapunov (Austin: University of Texas Press,
1993)]; His 1953 essay The Problem of Speech Genres; and
a series of 1971 notes published as The Problem of the Text in
Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences: An Experiment
in Philosophical Analysis.
7

Mikhail Bakhtin, The Problem of Speech Genres, in Speech

Genres and Other Late Essays, trans. Vern W. McGee (Austin:
University of Texas Press, 1986), 63.

40 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Ibid., 87.

9
Mikhail Bakhtin, The Problem of the Text in Linguistics, Philology, and the Human Sciences: An Experiment in Philosophical
Analysis, in Speech Genres, 105. 16
10

cf: The Seals & Crofts lyric Summer Breeze for a wonderfully
sappy, idealized celebration of pure affect.

11

cf: David Bowies production of The Stooges Search and

Destroy.

12
Visual glitch theorist Iman Moradi uses the term pure glitch
to describe what I am calling wild glitch. cf: Moradi, Glitch
Aesthetics, 8-11.
13

Rosa Menkman, Glitch Studies Manifesto, (Amsterdam/Cologne: 2009/2010), 7. Moradi uses the term glitch-alike to describe what Menkman calls domesticated glitches.

14

Ibid., 11.

15
Bakhtin, The Problem of the Text, 115. Note: Tiling background source image is Neuordnung (2003) by Benjamin Fischer. 17

Curt Cloninger / 41

42 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

GLI.TC/H/WIKI / 43

44 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

jon.satrom
BARF.ART_ICLE/GIGO

On OCT 5, 2011, GLI.TC/H opened a Google document as an

empty white-space at http://tinyurl.com/readerror. The idea was
to create a playground/sandbox for the glitch art communities
that have emerged within social-software-systems. The 24 Hour
No Password Party was an unstructured design sprint!
While organizing this dead-tree document, the bots have been
referring to the output of the 24 Hour No Password Party affectionately as barf. After-all, what happens when you are overly
excited You Barf!

In keeping with bending protocol and breaking structures GLI.TC/H has opened a document to collaboratively construct/ deconstruct the layout for the 20111
READER[OR]
GLI.TC/H is compiling a selection of TXTs to be output in digital static-document formats and printed on
dead-trees. Writers, thinkers, and artists have encoded their thoughts, ideas, concerns, theories, philosophies, ideologies, and other txt.ecutable documents
for the GLI.TC/H 20111 READER[ROR]!
/ 45

copy/paste/screen-cap/re-code/de-code/re-bug/debug this document. Our erratic, unstable, and glitchy

efforts will become the stable structured DOC for the
festival/gathering/conference DOC.
The GLI.TC/H no password party was inspired by projects such
as universalpage (Natalie Bookchin & Alexei Shulgin: 2000);
Life Sharing (0100101110101101.org: 2000-2003 and its derivative by Philipp Teister: 2011); HyperYarn (criticalartware:
2006); dump.fm (Tim Baker, Ryder Ripps, & Scott Ostler: 2009);
IN.F3XXX10N.US (jonCates & Jake Elliott: 2010); Public Interfacial Gesture Salon Google Drawing (Chris Collins & Constant
Dullaart); among many more open projects initiated by artists
collaboratively creating/complicating content across networks
and muddling security paradigms.

IN.F3XXX10N.US is an online art exhibition, organized and initiated by jonCates && Jake Elliott, running from July 1 - July 31 2010. During the run of the
exhibition you can infect us @ IN.F3XXX10N.US!
On July 31 2010 this domain will expire, effectively
ending our control of the exhibition but opening the
opportunity to anyone who wishes to purchase the
domain and continue the project in whatever form
they may imagine best.

46 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

OUR EXHIBITION EMAIL IS: INF3XXX10N [at] GMAIL.COM

OUR EXHIBITION LOGIN IS: http://www.tumblr.com/login
OUR EXHIBITION PASSWORD IS: N01XXX3F

A precursor to these kinds of open/networked digital happenings

is Richard Stallmans 1977 clash with sys-admins implementing
passwords at MITs Laboratory for Computer Science.
As the instantiator of the free software movement, Stallman
cites password control as fuel for his unwavering commitment to
openness. Stallman saw the situation at MIT, not as a security
measure for users, but as a way for administrators to control
the system. Following this point of view, Stallman figured out
how to decode users passwords and sent everyone a message
containing their password, rendering the argument for security
mute. In the message, he proposed to update every password
to an empty string. Around 20% of users followed his strategy.
This small-scale social-hack is a beautiful example of creatively
thinking around a system of control.

The No Password Party tapped networks of folks hard at work

barfing Unicode and unwelcomed data into seemingly open systems. The perceived openness of these systems (i.e. Google
Docs and Facebook) serves the profitability of the software and
the hidden function(s) of the corporation running the system.
Text input areas are gobbling up users status updates, locations, and emails; providing a free and open service on the surface for users, while providing the administrators a data-ocean
jon.satrom / 47

for parsing and mining. Many systems are so handy, so friendly,

and so useful-they can be difficult to critically navigate...
On two occasions I have been asked,Pray, Mr.
Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures,
will the right answers come out? ... I am not able
rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas
that could provoke such a question.
Charles Babbage, Passages from the Life of a
Philosopher
Non contextual, non-mineable, aesthetic data input to these systems reveal (and often rely upon) sub-systems at play. Though
contemporary-interweb-systems are super complex and obfuscate their intentions, they still operate under the simple computational notion: Garbage In Garbage Out. GIGO is a pun on the
phrase First-In, First-Out: an abstraction related to ways of organizing and manipulation of data relative to time and prioritization.
Its a simple concept that glitchers often employ: Barf into your
computer and it barfs back. #YUM!
Over the 24 hours, hundreds of users popped in and out of the
document to lurk and contribute. The rainbow colored cursors
scuttled around the page leaving a trail of images, Unicode, and
Zalgo. Nearly half way through the Party, the Google Doc began
to hang and crash. This made some users frustrated, while others were elated that we had brought the document to its knees.
Sifting through revision histories became a new tool to free up
the doc and travel through time.
The GLI.TC/H/bots have sprinkled and re-barfed the garbage potpourri of the 24 Hour No Password throughout the
READER[ROR] .

48 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

jon.satrom / 49

50 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 51

52 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Nick Briz
Glitch Art Historie[s]
contextualizing glitch art -- a perpetual beta

A wiki (i/?w?ki/ wik-ee) is a website that allows the creation

and editing of any number of interlinked web pages via a web
browser using a simplified markup language or a WYSIWYG text
editor [...] Students have been assigned to write Wikipedia articles as an exercise in clearly and succinctly explaining difficult
concepts to an uninitiated audience. [...] As a consequence of
the open structure, Wikipedia makes no guarantee of validity of
its content, since no one is ultimately responsible for any claims
appearing in it. [...] Although the policies of Wikipedia strongly
espouse verifiability and a neutral point of view, critics of Wikipedia accuse it of systemic bias and inconsistencies (including undue weight given to popular culture), and because it favors consensus over credentials in its editorial processes.<ref>#</ref>
...on Feb 6, 2008 I began an independent study on the wurldz
of glitch art under the supervision of Christopher Harris at the
University of Central Florida, and under the wiki.handle Gartist.
// (cur | prev) 05:46, 12 May 2009 Gartist (talk | contribs) (15,127 bytes) (Created page with Glitch
Art is the aesthetization of digital or analog errors,
such as artifacts and other bugs by either corrupting digital code/data or physically mani...) (undo)
(Tag: movies)
// Hi - I noticed the page you created at Glitch Art.
Overall it looks pretty good, however I think you may
want to check out the external linking policy here. --|
talk | |06:02, 12 May 2009 (UTC)
// (cur | prev) 04:04, 13 May 2009 68.205.98.31 (talk)
(15,403 bytes) (Dont create a page about something
on wikipedia just so you can call yourself notable.)
(undo)

/ 53

// (cur | prev) 15:20, 18 May 2011? JamesBWatson

(talk | contribs) ? m (14,232 bytes) (moved Glitch art
to User:Freshacconci/Glitch art) (undo)
// (cur | prev) 20:44, 25 May 2011? Freshacconci
(talk | contribs) ? (13,311 bytes) (Requesting speedy
deletion (CSD G8). (TW)) (undo)
// (cur | prev) 00:08, 28 August 2011? Nickamust (talk
| contribs) ? (256 bytes) (Contested deletion) (undo)
// This page should not be speedy deleted as an unambiguous copyright infringement, because... (it was
originally copied from here to facebook) --Nickamust
(talk) 00:08, 28 August 2011 (UTC) It doesnt appear
to be a copyright violation of this page, either. The
content was originally written for Wikipedia between
2007 and 2009, while the blog is dated 2010. See
this revision, for example. A more complete version of the article is at User:Freshacconci/Glitch
art. Feezo (send a signal | watch the sky) 08:26, 28
August 2011 (UTC) If were going to go ahead and
recreate the article, we should go with the slightly
better version that had been userfied. I managed to
find some decent sources but didnt have the time
to really work on rewriting the article. I will migrate
some of the old article from my userspace into the article and we can go from there.freshacconci talktalk
15:54, 28 August 2011 (UTC) <ref>#</ref>

a screen-cap + bend on the day the glitch art wikipedia page was deleted, by Rosa
Menkman from http://gli.tc/h/wik

modular proposition[s]/similes for [de]codification

Cubism, in particular analytical cubism, analyzed natural forms
and reduced the forms into basic geometric parts on the twodimensional picture plane.<ref>#</ref> This analysis and the
54 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

subsequent reduction into forms can be easily compared to the

process that an algorithm executes when encoding a media file.
Glitch exposes that process resulting in aesthetics reminiscent
of Cubism. Cubist paintings were often 2-dimensional brokenup studies of motion, not disimilar to the relationship a codec
has to a video when it breaks down and studies motion vectors
in the compression process. When these codecs are disturbed
(hacked/glitched) what results can be easily formally compared
to the cubist works. In this way glitch art is like Cubism.
Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in Zrich,
Switzerland, during World War I<ref>#</ref> Dada art was playful, absurdist, and often times intentionally nonsensical. Dada art
could take the form of a complex collage or a simple found object
(readymade). Glitch can be instigated complexities or stumbled
upon accidents. In many ways Dada was a response to the
paradigm shift of the industrialized WWI. The digital/information
revolution is (could lead to) a paradigm shift of its own - Glitch art
responds to this by questioning the stability (or efforts towards
an idealized stability) of such a shift. In this way glitch art is like
Dadaism.
Structural-Materialist filmmakers like Hollis Frampton and Michael Snow created a highly formalist cinema that foregrounded
the medium itself: the frame, projection, and most importantly,
time.<ref>#</ref> Just like Brakhage painting colors on clear
celluloid, a hacker punching 1s and 0sinto a file to invoke broken shards of colorful pixels exposes the digital medium for what
it is. In this way glitch art is like experimental film.
The art technique known as Dcollage, is the opposite of collage; instead of an image being built up of all or parts of existing
images, it is created by cutting, tearing away or otherwise removing, pieces of an original image.<ref>#</ref> This technique
was often applied to 2D work but in some cases to moving image
work as well, as is the case with Fluxist artist Wolf Vostells piece
Television Decollage. The dcollage process was one of forced
entropy and decay, prompting chaotic situations and leaving the
audience to piece the works back together in their minds. In this
way glitch art is like Dcollage.
Glitch art, like Pop art, is an amorphous term - a canopy whos
tenants slip under and out of. These terms can be expanded
to include much more than might immediately come to mind.
This is because at their core theyre simply a loose link to a key
concept: the interest in the mistake, the interest in popular
culture. Pops link to culture is an important one here; it critiNick Briz / 55

cally responds to culture primarily by appropriating it. Glitch art

often has similar layers of appropriation at play. The first is the
same as Pop art: the content found in many glitch works are
commonly borrowed from popular culture. The second layer is
the appropriation of the glitch itself. Though an artist can create/
instigate glitches (s)he will often intentionally/ideologically not do
this. Instead, choosing to search for them by exploring the digital
landscape and catching them (screen grabbing, recording, etc.)
when they occur. In this way glitch art is like Pop art.
Continuing with this thought, we might picture the glitch artist to
be an explorer. Exploration is the act of searching or traveling
a terrain (including space) for the purpose of the discovery of
resources or information.<ref>#</ref> We are referring here primarily to physical space. The term may also be used metaphorically, for example persons may speak of exploring the internet,
sexuality, etc. In scientific research, exploration is one of three
purposes of empirical research (the other two being description
and explanation). Exploration is the attempt to develop an initial,
rough understanding of some phenomenon.<ref>#</ref> In all
these ways the glitch artist is like an explorer.
The comparison to land and nature reminds me of another parallel often drawn with the platypus. As the only mammal that
lays eggs the platypus can be seen as natures mistake/accident. It is an egg-laying, venomous, duck- billed, beaver-tailed,
otter-footed mammal [which] baffled European naturalists when
they first encountered it, with some considering it an elaborate
fraud.<ref>#</ref> When one naturally encounters a glitch, either on a computer or in a river, it is not uncommon to be initially
baffled. This perplexing nature makes them difficult to comfortably classify. In this way nature is like a glitch artist.
Robert Smithson was an American artist famous for his land
art. His earth works often highlighted decay and the process
of breaking down. One work in particular Partially Buried Woodshed was made, to illustrate geological time consuming human
history. His concern was often the entropy of systems. In this
way Robert Smithson was like a glitch artist.
The role of humor in glitch art is not to be dismissed. As part of
a deal with ABC Andy Kaufmen was given his own show, Andys Funhouse. The show consisted of Kaufmans famous gags
but one bit stands out, a segment that included fake television
screen static as part of the gag, which ABC executives were not

56 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

comfortable with, fearing that viewers would mistake the static

for broadcast problems and would change the channel - which
was the comic element Kaufman wanted to present.<ref>#</
ref> The intentional television malfunction was intended to catch
people off-guard, this element of the unexpected is key to our
expiereince of a glitch. In this way Andy Kaufman is like a glitch
artist.
The American artist/architect Gordon Matta-Clark was famous,
for his building cuts, a series of works in abandoned buildings
in which he variously removed sections of floors, ceilings, and
walls.<ref>#</ref> Often times this intentional break-down simply meant a removed section from a building other times it could
be an entire house split in half. Matta-Clarks work was considred
sculptural intervention in the way glitch art can be seen as a
technological intervention. In this way Gordon Matta-Clark was
like a glitch artist.
A glitch, even when it is intentionally provoked, always maintains
a level of chance, at least from a human point of view because
of the computers seemingly random and chaotic way of breaking down. Art has a long relationship with chance, one artist that
always comes to mind is John Cage. Cage was an artist of many
disciplines but most prominent in the field of expiramental music
and in particular chance music. Cage developed a systematized
approach to composing music through chance experiments, using coins or the I-Ching. This approach of intentionally marring
chance to systems is not unlike approaches developed by glitch
artist. Cage was also very interested in the role noise played in
music and art. Often disregarded as unwanted interference by
popular music noise was embraced by Cage as the key part of
his aural pallet. In this way John Cage was a glitch artist.
At the digital cross-roads of media + culture + technology lies
new-media art. New-media art is often conceptually inquisitive,
technologically innovative, and socially/culturally critical. Newmedia art foregrounds critical relationships to digital culture and
culture in general. As the technology is constantly changing and
the platforms for new-media art, like the internet, remain in flux
so to will the efforts to codify them. In this was glitch art is like
new-media art. <ref>http://www.wikipedia.org/</ref>

Nick Briz / 57

58 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Rosa Menkman
The Glitch Art Genre
From:
The Glitch Moment(um), Institute of Network Cultures, 2011.

The fatal manner of glitch, its orientation towards the destruction of what is, can present a problem to those who want to describe old and new culture as a continuum of different discrete
practices. One way to deal with this problem is to repeatedly
coin new terms and concepts to make room for splinter practices
within the expanding media cultural field. An abundance of designations such as databending, datamoshing and circuitbending
have come into existence to name and bracket varieties of glitch
practices, but all in fact refer to similar practices of breaking flows
within different technologies or platforms.
While technological glitch is primarily a process of shock requiring investigation and cognition, glitch art is best described as a
collection of forms and events that oscillate between extremes:
the fragile, technologically-based moment(um) of a material
break, the conceptual or techno-cultural investigation of breakages, and the accepted and standardized commodity that a
glitch can become. To encapsulate a whole range of unstable
processes and sometimes almost contradictory intentions of
glitch artists, it is useful to consider glitch art as a genre. In thinking about a genre that encompasses both the most rebellious
and the most stable or commoditized works of glitch, the first
question that arises is whether there can even be any common
denominator in these works. What does saying glitch is a genre
actually mean?

To consider glitch art as a genre is to emphasize that genres are
social and consensus-based constructs, rather than definitive
categories.1 Steve Neale has suggested that genres are best
understood as processes:
The process-like nature of genres manifests itself as an interaction between three levels: the level of expectation, the level of
the generic corpus, and the level of the rules or norms that
govern both. [] the elements and conventions of a genre are
always in play rather than being, simply re-played; and any ge/ 59

neric corpus is always being expanded.2

While genres are always in play, they also - by definition - have
some sort of organized and perceived unity. This unity models
both how a viewer perceives any work in the genre and how
she comes to associate new works within it. Mary Ann Doane
suggests that the unity of a genre is generally attributed to consistent patterns in thematic content, iconography, and narrative
structure.3 In glitch art, this thematic content can be found
within the works language and design, while iconographic and
narrative themes are positioned within glitch arts investment in
the rupture of procedures and technique, the break from a flow or
the void of meaning in the social understanding and the esthetical references.
To call glitch a genre also means to suggest that it is intelligible
as a tendency: to exploit medium-reflexivity and to take on the
rhetorical questioning of the perfect use and function of technologies, their conventions and expectations. Paradoxically then, out
of its instantiation in error and breakages, Glitch art can, through
its play with conventions and expectations, be described as a
genre that fulfills certain expectations. This reflexive approach
to materiality in glitch tends to, as Katherine Hayles would assert, re-conceptualize materiality itself as the interplay between
a texts physical characteristics and its signifying strategies.
Rather than suggesting media materiality as fixed in physicality,
Hayles re-definition is useful because it opens the possibility of
considering texts as embodied entities while still maintaining a
central focus on interpretation. In this view of materiality, it is not
merely an inert collection of physical properties but a dynamic
quality that emerges from the interplay between the text as a
physical artifact, its conceptual content, and the interpretive activities of readers and writers.4
Glitch genres perform reflections on materiality not just on a
technological level, but also by playing off the physical medium
and its non-physical, interpretative or conceptual characteristics.
To understand a work from the genre of glitch art completely,
each level of this notion of (glitch) materiality should be studied:
the text as a physical artifact, its conceptual content, and the
interpretive activities of artists and audiences.

60 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

The Genre Paradox

Obsolescence never meant the end of anything, its just the beginning.5
- McLuhan
There is another factor to consider in this pursuit of materiality around glitch art genres. As I have described in the opening
chapters, software engineering paradigms are fixated upon the
development of better, faster and stronger technologies, while
the ideal transparent technology will never be achieved and remains a mythological holy grail. On top of this dominant cultural
comprehension of media technological progression however,
it is also the case that engineers are economically driven to
strive for built-in obsolescence. Paradoxically, while designing
for great perfection, it is a basic economic condition for the media engineer of our time to always save room for improvement.
This planned obsolescence results in the proprietary capitalist
scheming for the limited usage of each new purchased technology, which will manipulate the consumer into future investments
on (sooner) improving his technologies. This economical reasoning is very much connected to the growing fetishization of nostalgic imperfection in (glitch) art, which over the last decades has
become a kind of conceptual virus. Today it is completely normal
to pay extra money for aesthetically appealing plugins like Hipstamatic or Instagram, that imitate (analogue) imperfections or
nostalgic errors, like faux vintage lens flare and lomographic
discolorations.
Built-in obsolescence and built-in nostalgia have made the gap
between new and old technologies both smaller and more dialectic. While the obsolescence and nostalgic revival of imperfect
media used to be closely connected to the factor of (linear) time,
this factor is now more disorganized, transforming the uncanny anachronism or avant-garde tendencies of post-procedural
glitch into a fetish: something that is (now) understood as a
sign of (any cool) time. This apparent coming together of the
hype cycle (the arrival, adoption and social distribution of specific technologies) with new technologies designed-for obsolescence, results in glitch itself being increasingly understood as
retro-nostalgic artifacts. Given that the radical moment(um) and
conceptual utility of glitch was at least initially a way for artists to
penetrate and experience economical and political drives (and
their critique) within the development of new technologies, this
nostalgic hovering around glitch sets up very strong contradictions and tensions within the glitch art genre. If I am to describe
glitch art as a genre then (which I argue is quite a useful way
Rosa Menkman / 61

to comprehend the inter-influencing forms, reflexive materialities

and expectations generated around glitch practices), it is important to bare in mind Rick Altmans warning (paraphrasing Wittgenstein) about categorical genre interpretations. He suggests
to the media theorist:
Dont say: There must be something common but look and
see whether there is anything common to all. In the past, it has
simply been taken for granted that genres are broadly shared
categories []. When we look more closely at generic communication, however, it is not sharing and understanding that appear,
but competing meanings, engineered misunderstanding and a
desire for domination rather than communication.6
Altman implies that classification by genre is neither an objective nor a clear activity, since the predication of meaning always
precedes the act of classification. In order to place an item in one
category, it must first be interpreted as being such-or-such. This
interpretation is always and inevitably an act of classification and
thus involves the domination of certain iconographic structures.
This occurs for example with the work 404 ERROR by Jodi,
which has become not just about an error or non-place, but has
been erected as an iconographic work standing for a desired
destination, and spawned a cult of broken link art works. Such
works, at the same time, insist that their spectators establish new
conceptual paradigms for approaching these particular works of
glitch art.7
The genre of glitch art draws heavily upon spectator literacy (references to media technology texts, aesthetics and machinic processes) as well as on knowledge of more conventional canons
of media-reflexive modern art. Accordingly, glitch work prompts
the spectator to engage not only with complex themes, but also
with complex subcultural and meta-cultural narratives or gestures, presenting considerable cognitive challenges. Users do
not consume but instead become prosumers, active participants
in a culture invested in constant re-definition.
The Emancipation of Dissonance Glitch
I dont use the accident. I deny the accident.
There is no accident, just as there is no beginning and no end.8
- Jackson Pollock
The noiseless channel doesnt exist. What makes every medium
specific is how it fails to reach a state of complete transparent
62 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

immediacy. These failures are embodied by noise artifacts; categorizable as either compressions, or feedback, or the not (yet)
technologically defined break of a (computational) flow, named
glitch. Moving from information theory into the art and culture
of noise and noise artifacts, glitch art proliferates in a spectrum
of disturbances that traverse both the sonic and visual, technical and socio-cultural realm. Here the difference between failure
and glitch becomes important: while failure is a phenomenon to
overcome, the glitch is a phenomenon that will be incorporated
into a new processes and conditions of technological design or
cultural meaning.
Contemporary glitch artists exploit the inherent moment(um)
of glitch in different ways. A threefold categorization of glitches
addressed a continuum for thinking about glitch: from complete
machine spontaneity in the accident form, to controlled, debuggable or conceptual glitching; to a more conventional realm of
glitch design and aesthetics. The perfect glitch only exists for a
spectator at the tipping point between destruction and the creation of something new; this is more a dialectical relation than
a linear trajectory of possibility. Glitch reveals but also bridges
gaps between the functioning and the malfunctioning of systems.
In the end, the glitch is a subjective phenomenon. There is no unequivocal cultural definition of glitch, as there is none for noise,
because in the end, what glitch is and what glitch is not is a subjective matter. Further, as a sub-genre that participates in larger
media cultures of distributed authorship, this subjective experience of glitch is paradoxically shared by many, which makes
glitch theory difficult to practice, accessible to many, contestable
and necessary. An intended or designed error can still rightfully
be called glitch art; and glitch art is not always just a personal
experience of shock, but can be a metaphorical expression, dependent upon multiple agents for interpretation. Accordingly, it is
less interesting for theory to police the difference between true
or false glitch art, than to understand how and through which
technological systems and cultural fabrics any particular work
of glitch art comes to be understood and experienced as glitch.
At the same time, some recent shifts within the realm of glitch art
are important to keep track of. It seems that increasingly, glitch
art practices downplay the technological dimension of glitch, and
that the concept of glitch has changed. As the error itself has
been increasingly gentrified, the glitch is already being supposedly upgraded to more static and imagistic values (minus the
radical moment(um) of glitch). Glitch is also becoming a prominent area of study, and archive of thought, for the media culture
Rosa Menkman / 63

intellectual. Academics politicize their work through the solid

cultural and technological understanding of digital society developed in and by glitch culture, while glitch risks being reduced
to just another theory for thinking the subjective experience of
media. Perhaps, since glitch art is full of paradoxes, describing
glitch art as a genre, institutionalizing, is yet another paradox
that could be in line with the corrupting and damaging future potentials of glitch.
To think with glitch is to straddle a gap between non-sense and
knowledge. It is to search for the unfamiliar while at the same
time to tenaciously de-familiarize oneself from what might be
taken for granted of software, hardware and signal realities, by
less critical media theoreticians and artists. To embrace and account for glitch is therefore to be potentially open to new critical
modes of thought and action. When these notions of glitchs radical difference becomes (paradoxically) standardized, the actual
agents of glitch culture adapt and move to take on and mine other technologies, protocolized flows, and discourses elsewhere.
Glitch work is a kind of corrupting investigative work, followed
by a vision that destroys itself by its own purposive modes of
inquiry. Like the best ideas, glitch practices are dangerous because they generate awareness.
Some consider glitches as solely technological phenomena,
while others perceive them as social constructions reactive to
technological expectations or aesthetics. Glitchspeak explains
the utterances that do not fail to be heard, yet at the same time
exist outside of knowledge. At the same time, cultural and technological flows and functions, designed to be taken for granted,
cannot be understood without such interruptions. This is why the
study of glitch is necessary. Study what is outside of knowledge,
start and continue with glitch studies. The glitch is what you can
just get away with!

64 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

1.Rick Altman, Film/Genre, London: British Film Institute, 1999.

2. Steve Neale, The Question Of Genre, Screen, vol. 31.1 (1990): pp.
45-66. p. 56.
3.Mary Ann Doane, The Desire to Desire: The Womans Film of the
1940s, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. p.
34.
4.N. Katherine Hayles, Print is flat, code is deep: The importance of
media-specific analysis, Poetics Today 25, no. 1 (2004): pp. 67-90.
5. Rgine Debatty, Playlist, its not (just) about nostalgia, Make Money
Not Art, 15 January, 2010, http://we-make-money-not-art.com/archives/2010/01/previously-playlist-playing-ga.php.
6.Rick Altman, Film/Genre, London: British Film Institute, 1999. p. 99.
The citation is from Wittgensteins Philosophical Investigations (posthumously published in 1953), section 66, where the philosopher attempts to
establish common features of games a project that is indeed very much
related to the establishing of genre definitions.
7.White, Michele, The Aesthetics of Failure: Confusing Spectators with
Net Art Gone Wrong, in The Body and the Screen: Theories of Internet
Spectatorship, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006, pp. 85-113. p. 99.
8.Monica Bohm-Duchen, The private life of a masterpiece, California:
University of California Press, 2001. p. 230.
/ 65

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JZYJ\JYYJ\YZL!L[J[JJZJZJ\JJ\]JZ!ZZZYLJZZLLJ\J!YY[YYLL]YZZZZJYL\\ZYZLLL]][\LJLZJZ[\JZLZZ]J\ZZLY[\LLZJZL[LJ[J^J[\Y[ZJ]JY[ZY\YZLJZ\\[Y[LLZYZZZY_[^ZY!\Z\LY^YZLL[\Y[\Y
\[[ZYZY[ZLZZ\\YZJ[YJJZJZZLY\[\!Z\Y!LZJZZZ\L[YYL\YJ]ZZJZZ\ZZZ\JZZYJ\L\LJ\JLZL\Z\^Z]^YJJ!Z^ZZJ]JZLZLZ\\\]JZ\!L\ZJ\JLJ[[LJ\Z[YLJYZJZZ[[Z\JY[[J\J_ZZZYYZLYZ\JY\]\Y\ZZZJJJ!LL]ZJ[
\[LYZZLZLJ\\ZZ]\ZZYY\Z!]JJJY\]YJYLLYJZLZJZ[[Z
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\[[ZYZY[ZLZZ\\YZJ[YJJZJZZLY\[\!Z\Y!LZJZZZ\L[YYL\YJ]ZZJZZ\ZZZ\JZZYJ\L\LJ\JLZL\Z\^Z]^YJJ!Z^ZZJ]JZLZLZ\\\]JZ\!L\ZJ\JLJ[[LJ\Z[YLJYZJZZ[[Z\JY[[J\J_ZZZYYZLYZ\JY\]\Y\ZZZJJJ!LL]ZJ[
\[LYZZLZLJ\\ZZ]\ZZYY\Z!]JJJY\]YJYLLYJZLZJZ[[Z
JZYJ\JYYJ\YZL!L[J[JJZJZJ\JJ\]JZ!ZZZYLJZZLLJ\J!YY[YYLL]YZZZZJYL\\ZYZLLL]][\LJLZJZ[\JZLZZ]J\ZZLY[\LLZJZL[LJ[J^J[\Y[ZJ]JY[ZY\YZLJZ\\[Y[LLZYZZZY_[^ZY!\Z\LY^YZLL[\Y[\Y
\[[ZYZY[ZLZZ\\YZ

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

;6G!
G66;P;;
GODF=FDGK`;FNPRaONC
<@8
;8<R
NHPK;DG=K
;`NKPRNH<8<C
@;B

66 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 67


HALIFAX 05

EXPERIENCE

SYSTEM

FLOW

INTENTIONAL

ENCODING

IMMEDIATE

DIGITAL

UNEXPECTED

CONDITION

GENERATIVE

BMP

ORIGINAL

RESIDUAL

CONCEPTUAL

TRASH

TRANSMISSION

TRADE

SIGNAL

SOCIAL

GLITCHBROWSER

MONGLOT

SATROM

ARTIST

FILE FORMAT

JODI

RAUSCHEN

BINARY

NAM JUNE PAIK

MONDRIAN

PROCEDURAL

CRASH

GUSTAV METZGER

BEFLIX

TRANSMEDIA

MORADI

DECODING

TRACE

CASCONE

FAKE

IMPRESSIONIST

DECAY

COMMODITY

SOURCE

PHENOMENON

VASULKA

SLIP

MEANING

UNPREMEDIATED

SUBLIMINAL

POLLOCK

BEFLIX

COMPRESSION

DATAMOSH

JPG2000

REAL

GLITCHALIKE

DISFIGURE

LIVEART

CONTROL

EXPERIENCE

GIF

INFORMATION

SOURCE

KANYE WEST

MORADI

ORIGINAL

FLOW

MEDIUM SPECIFICITY

DECODING

SUBJECTIVE

ABUSE

INTERRUPTION

SOCIAL

RUIN

UCNV

REFLEXIVITY

CONTEXT

DECAY

TOOL

ILLOGCAL

GENERATIVE

CRACKLE

MACHINE

CONVENTION

FILTER

POETIC

SANGILD

SLIP

SYSTEM

FRAMEWORK

JPG

68 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Rosa Menkman
and Iman Moradi
GLI.TC/H B/Lingo
A festival, even one about glitches, cannot exist without expectations and playable frameworks.

DESIGN

DESIGN

WABI SABI

INTERLACED

MISTAKES

BORDER

NOSTALGIA

SERENDIPITY

ESTHETIC

REASON

DISASSEMBLY

ETHICS

HACKING

ORDER

ACCIDENT

BINARY

AFFECT

PROGRESS

UNDESIRABLE

STYLE

EFFECT

UNCANNY

PROGRESSIVE

PROTOCOL

POST

VOID

ECONOMY

RAW

POLITICS

GENDER

SOURCE

FILTER

MEMORY

ABSTRACT

SUBVERSION

FAILURE

PRESERVATION

OTHER

MADNESS

HEX

UTOPIA

ERRATIC

RHETORIC

CRITICAL

PARADOX

ARTIFACT

GLITCH

DOGMA

MATERIALITY

RELIGION

SYSTEM

ENTROPY

GENRE

IMAGINARY

SYMBOLICAL

NOISE

AVANT-GARDE

ERRATIC

DICHOTOMY

DELETION

MOTHERWELL

KITTLER

HARDWARE

CONCEPTUAL

EXPLOITATION

EMULATE

SIGNIFY

PHILOSOPHY

SYMBOL

SUBLIME

TRANSCODE

DIFFERENCE

DESTRUCTION

SOFTWARE

FRAGMENTED

JOHN GLENN

PERFORMATIVE

CIRCUITBENT

DATABEND

CONTINUOUS

HALIFAX 05

EXPERIENCE

SYSTEM

FLOW

INTENTIONAL

ENCODING

IMMEDIATE

DIGITAL

UNEXPECTED

CONDITION

GENERATIVE

NES
/ 69

70 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 71

72 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Hannah Piper
Burns + Evan
Meaney
Glitches Be Crazy
the problem of self-identification through noise

I think the function of continuity is that of convincing us that there

really can be a victory over noise as a function of some other.
A victory of unification, where the legion of void is pushed back,
eradicated - marginalized through perfect compression1 and
operation, leaving our nation of signal sovereign and pure. Its
pretty rare to contemplate the idea of noise as something, not
just in competition with signal, but sympathetic to it; the intrinsic2
mechanism by which we might distinguish information through
sensory delineation, but also the path to appreciating that information. Noise is the context, imparting comfort to any message.
Noise is natural3. From noise we are born, and to noise we shall
return. Just as Alan Watts suggests that our true state is that of
void11, so to, perhaps, do we expand his meaning to include, not
simply our present state, but our past, our future, our archives,
our knowledge, our messages, ourselves. Yes, even our continuity.
9/2011hpb+em
1
Compression is reduction. A glitch, then, rebels against that
reduction. Walt Whitman said once, I am large, I contain multitudes.

And yet absence of noise or change in noise is one of the most

disturbing sensory experiences for an audience, hence the desire to preserve room tone- the noise that teems in silence.

3
If noise is natural4, why do we move towards unification with
such stridency? Why do we shy away from embracing the multiplicity and attempt to impose structure as a default? Our entire
imperative is towards defining our identities apart from the polyglot goo of existence. It seems that meaning for its own sake is
a worldview from an older, quieter world.

/ 73

Do we always do what is natural? Is natural the same as a priori? Doubtful. We constantly work against our best interest. So
striving for unity5 and completeness could be seen as another
act of self destruction6?
4

But isnt NOISE unity? The search for signal is the search to set
oneself, apart. Signal is hierarchy7.

I think part of the project in glitch curation is that of

incorporating noise into hierarchy, or rather, bringing the easy
todis regard aberration into the concept of totality. Not ignoring
the labels and tags we use set such things aside, but making
them canon. So, in that way, noise is unity, but only when it isnt
dismissed. All too often we have trained ourselves to find home
in a cause or in a relationship or in a spiritual endeavour, but
would we be so wrong to find ourselves in the void? Would that
automatically have to mean we were nihilists?

Glitches are guts8. Just like when our inner systems break
down and our many moving parts spill out for the world to see,
glitches are the source of the same raw, abject seduction. So,
self-destruction might be a bit grandiose a term for what unity
gives us, but self-denial9 might be appropriate. When a thing is
running right- be it a digestive tract, a motor, or a data processwe dont think about it.
6

Perhaps we can think of a glitch as a type of pornography*.

A type of hidden thing, revealed. I do not doubt that we use
pornography as a proxy for understanding and creating our own
sexual identities, but then, perhaps, a glitch might be a way for
us to construct ourselves in reference to the void. One could
suggest that, just as pornography is a tempting approximation
and simulation of an act of unity, so too is a glitch.

What about self-acceptance? Who says that the incorporation

of noise into the concept of unification and identity isnt part of
the project? The glitch, as we normally think of it, is when something is interrupted in in our perception and memory - when the
function of the familiar and expected is subverted. but maybe
the force isnt so external. Maybe we develop an understanding of the glitch to provide an excuse for our own inabilities,
natural as they may be. maybe the acceptance of the glitch is
the acceptance (permit the the feel-goodery of this statement)
of ourselves10.

74 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

10
I suppose its true we do glitch ourselves all the time on purpose. But it certainly isnt seen as healthy. We glitch ourselves
by adding unnatural, even toxic elements to our systems, and
one could argue that even as we accept and even welcome
these momentary breaks, they serve to comfort us through denying our original states.
11
Is this a mud puddle or a rainbow? To put it another way,
doesnt holding up the aberration, the exception, the break, the
interruption, the mistake work against unity12 just as much?
12
If unity really wanted to be called unity, it would have to include mistakes.

I was using pornography in the taboo sense, in the importantbecause-it-is-off-limits sense. But it does raise the question of
production. Pornography, as it gains acceptance and familiarity serves a different purpose than when it is spurned. So too,
perhaps does a glitch. A produced (domesticated) glitch and
a found (wild) glitch14 accomplish two different goals through
interpretation. One discredits the medium through a flaw we
diagnose and one simply falls as an aesthetic, bordering on
anesthetic15.
13

14
Imagine its the difference between an acid trip and a stroke,
essentially. But nobody seems inpired by a stroke. Glitching
something is still ultimately about controlling the narrative- creating continuity through agency.

Anaesthetics cause either a loss of consciousness or a loss of

sensation. Both imply lack. A glitch is then ultimately an analgesic because it implies that there is never emptiness.

15

*pornography13 is the opposite of a glitch. pornography is comforting, constructed to semiotically induce a reaction. the same
cant really be said of a glitch- the definition of uncontrollablehowever. actual sex, on the other hand, with its inexorable pull
towards death always, its moments of creating something new,
its vulnerability and horror and transcendence of both, might be
more of a glitch. especially if its unreproductive/unproductive
sex, which is, by definition, an interruption, a use of a process
against its primary function. Glitches are likewise unproductive.

Hannah Piper Burns + Evan Meaney / 75

76 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Channel TWo
Artificial Synchronicity: The Empire Never Ended

A glitch is such a minute change in voltage that no fuse could

protect against it --- Yuri Gagarin, 1949
The electric things have their life too, paltry as those lives are.
Generated digital transients cause the aborted guidance to
send false signals. The basic condition of life is to be required
to violate identity. Once the call has been answered, the autodialer either plays a recorded message, connects the call to a live
person or hangs up, inexplicably.
One of the most effective forms of industrial or military sabotage
limits itself to damage that can never be thoroughly provenor
even proven at allto be anything deliberate. It is like an invisible political movement; perhaps it isnt there at all. If a bomb
is wired to a cars ignition, then obviously there is an enemy; if
a public building or a political headquarters is blown up, then
there is a political enemy. If an accident, or a series of accidents, occurs, if equipment merely fails to function, if it appears
faulty, especially in a slow fashion, over a period of natural time,
with numerous small failures and misfiringsthen the victim,
whether a person or a party or a country, can never defend itself. The observer pattern is a software design pattern in which
an object, called the subject, maintains a list of its dependents,
called observers, and notifies them automatically of any state
changes, usually by calling one of their methods. It is mainly
used to implement distributed event handling systems. Were
building a civilized space here.
A pre-crash system is an automobile system designed to increase the severity of an accident. Depending on the system
they may warn the driver, charge the brakes, inflate seats for
extra support, move the passenger seat, position head rests to
avoid whip lash, tension seat belts and automatically apply partial or full braking to minimize impact. The basic tool for the manipulation of reality is the manipulation of code. If the meaning of
code can be controlled, the people who must use the code can
/ 77

be controlled. The whole world is coming to an endnothing is

shared but codes.
Rearrangement of objects changes the content of the informationthe message has has been infected. If the system were to
fail then the future would remain as a caution state; it therefore
fails safe, a fundamental requirement of all safety equipment.
Code is an organism. The presence of the error is a separate
organism attached to the nervous system on an air line of code
can now be demonstrated experimentally. From symbiosis to
parasitism is a short step. The code is now a virus. The flu virus
may have once been a healthy lung cell. It is now a parasitic organism that invades and damages the central nervous system.
This is a language which we have lost the ability to read. We ourselves are a part of this language; changes in us are changes in
the content of the information. There is no need to fear or hope,
but only to look for new openings.
We are information-rich; information enters us, is processed and
is then projected outwards once more, now in an altered form.
We are not aware that we are doing this, that in fact this is all
we are doing. Each of us assumes everyone else knows what
he is doing. They all assume we know what we are doing. We
dont. Nothing is going on and nobody knows what it is. Nobody
is concealing anything except the fact that he does not understand anything anymore and wishes he could go home. Can any
of us fix anything? No. None of us can do that. Two lovers in the
middle of nowhere.

78 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Channel TWo / 79

80 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

T.RASHB.IN
http://t.rashb.in

T.RASHB.IN is an online component of the GLI.TC/H gathering/

conference/festival where folks can upload static images and
glitch art.

A fork-mash of the r4wb1t5 HTTP://OP3NFR4M3W0RK.ORG

project & the HTTP://KITTENGLITCHES.TUMBLR.COM Tumblr
project by Jake Elliott and jon.satrom. T.RASHB.IN has added
gremlin (dis)functionality!

/ 81

To celebrate GLI.TC/H 20111, a new batch of gremlins are available to digest your data! These fresh and hungry gremlins were
raised in Chicago by gremlin breeder Sean Dove.

Contribute your glitch artworks to this ever-growing,

always-on, populist, plug-and-play, digital-noise/
glitch-art online gallery!
Feed your images to the hungry gremlins (resulting
in digested JPG glitch) or simply add a prime number of gremlins to your artwork.
All work will remain digital and will be featured at IRL

82 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 83

84 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

n-dimensionalchunder reblogged this from geosensi[tive]

c[onceptual.g]ruel reblogged this from sickenedinmypants
snatchsnatchandgrunt reblogged this from drinkmeandu
drinkmeandu reblogged this from geosensi[tive]
rollurownp[l]ot liked this
charblackened reblogged this from sickenedinmypants
Post

Mez

[note: *U'VE JUST BEEN TAGWURK

BOMBED!*]
http://netwurker.livejournal.com/

11:47am 02/07/2011

[new genre for today: "tagwurking" or "tagwurk bombing" = to tag

another Google+ user's photo with a poetic line as opposed to a
identification/naming tag. someone update Urban Dictionary,
m'kay?;)]
ie: "bleed_scene[r]_[s]lip[page]s [note: *U'VE JUST BEEN TAGWURK
BOMBED!*]
Post

[-eat-these-deliciousrebellion(_Lulz_B)oats-]

09:13am 07/06/2011

_There's-A-Definite_LuL_In-Established-C
onve(ntional)RS(S.oblig)aT(ory)ional-F(BI)Low_
_U-th(RT)Ink-Mid-East-Riot_(sic{k})bags::We(t)-Breath(fl)Utter(ed)-CoR(I)PoRate+Rot+SPew_
:
:Lulzsec[ondary+Anon_1st]:
:
|_don.t.u?_|
:Topiary
:Tflow
Post
:Sabu
:Kayla
:Avunit
:
=
#GEnd(Gam)erBlowChunks
#UDintDidU #WeAreSposed2ShuttleAndShiftUrCorporateSheete
_femmeage_inv(r)e(cu)rsion_
#Sux0rOnThis
11:39am 22/07/2011
*drop_boxx[y]ed+alt[ernate]
Read 2 - Post
*issuu|me:square[d]|u[e]
*broke-N+dum[my]bed_dpwn.
Post

#[p(E)lasticity]T[Cr]umbling#

10:06am 14/07/2011

P[F]reying#M#[fr]antically liked this

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deaden[e]d [v]enn[diagrammed]u#X#i
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Post

[note: *U'VE JUST BEEN TAGWURK

BOMBED!*]

11:47am 02/07/2011

[new genre for today: "tagwurking" or "tagwurk bombing" = to tag

another Google+ user's photo with a poetic line as opposed to a
identification/naming tag. someone update Urban Dictionary,
m'kay?;)]

/ 85

_[H]#OW(L)[S]
_[N]#OW[S]
_[BR]#OW[S]n
ideologue||ide[-h]ol[-l]o-G
_[C]#OW[S]

03:47pm 23/09/2011

Read 1 - Post

...k#Ills all ambiGUI-T...

Post

ideologue||ide[-h]ol[-l]o-G

03:47pm 23/09/2011

#EYe[:S:M:]eAR
...k#Ills all ambiGUI-T...

03:38pm 23/09/2011

#StAndingSTockSTill
#BodyFLIcksAndEyeKNits
#ReTinaFLasHAndDamAgeBUrn

Post

Post

#EYe[:S:M:]eAR
_LonGe(t)vity_Ru(i)n_
_u.wear.the#SheepSkin...

03:38pm 22/10/2011
23/09/2011
07:42am
08:27am 13/08/2011
#StAndingSTockSTill
[thI(P)s trIck.L_sense of bLon(g)de+brun(pip)ette.
#BodyFLIcksAndEyeKNits
short_s(tAck)h(Jean)Arp_shock
...i.we[rewolf]ar.the.sheep_.2 ur head (side "s"plosion-y).]
#ReTinaFLasHAndDamAgeBUrn
[thump_tubs(drumming_thru_ur_OW(S)ie_head)
Post
"ur a dic[tatorial.maskin]k" -phrases
Post
scabbing.ur.emo(tion.all).s(r)ide.]
Post

_u.wear.the#SheepSkin...
_sh[k]ibb[le.d][XX]leth_
...i.we[rewolf]ar.the.sheep_.

08:27am 13/08/2011
08:41am 07/08/2011

kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
Post
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
"white dab
sky"
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
02:06pm 21/10/2011
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
--- kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
No results
found for "white dab sky".
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results
for white dab sky (without quotes): []
kibble|_i've._|eOXdribbleOS
-- |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
_sh[k]ibb[le.d][XX]leth_
Yourkibble|_always._|eOXdribble
search - "porcelain dabs" in an "azure sky" - did not match any
08:41am 07/08/2011
documents.
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-- kibble|_been._|eOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
Showing
results for "sky
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kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
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instead for "sky dabb[l]ings"
kibble|_the._|eOXdribbleOSS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
-- |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
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results for sky [eyed[stabbings
kibble|_cavalry._|eOXdribbl
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
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instead for sky [eye]d[st]abbings
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-- |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibble|_always._|eOXdribble
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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kibble|_been._|eOXdribbleOS
--------------------------|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
kibble|_the._|eOXdribbleOSS
4 those.
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
not in.
Post
kibble|_cavalry._|eOXdribbl
the.
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
kibble_kno:
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibble.dox+kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
netwurker_mez kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
--------------------------+ her
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
cardboard
[grind]
4 those.
avatar [who
in.
might be made not
u.kno.
12:11pm 19/10/2011
the.
up of Boxes,
u.want.2.
kibble_kno:
but is *not*
|_don.t.u?_|
Boxxy].
kibble.dox+kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
kibbledoXXkibbleOXdribbleOS
[grind]

Mez does for code poetry as jodi and Vuk Cosic have done
for ASCII Art: Turning a great, but naively executed concept
into something brilliant, paving the ground for a whole generation of digital artists. (Florian Cramer). The impact of her
unique code/net.wurks [constructed via her pioneering net.
language mezangelle] has been equated with the work of
Shakespeare, James Joyce, Emily Dickinson, and Larry Wall.
u.kno.
u.want.2.
|_don.t.u?_|

86 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Friends
Info
Calendar
mo[ve.men]tion

skip

/ 87

88 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

jonCates
3 3
(AKA: Broken Records: Hystories iof Noise && Dirty New Media)
CHICAGO 2011
COPY-IT-RIGHT

jonCates presenting !NV0()4XXX!0N555 @ Glitch exhibition curated by John Pomara and Dean TerryCentralTrak (2011)

Technologies cannot be neutral, as Shane Mecklenburger

writes in his exhibition text for the recent exhibition simply entitled
Glitch. ii The non-neutrality of technology which Mecklenburger
references is made clear through disciplines of thought and action such as Science and Technology Studies, Software Studies
and Glitch Art. We have learned this lesson through recent iterations of McLuhan, Baudrillard and Kittler. WJT Mitchell and Mark
BN Hansen have recently written that: Media can no longer be
dismissed as neutral or transparent, subordinate or merely supplemental to the information they convey. iii In the introduction
to Friedrich A. Kittlers Gramophone, film, typewriter, Geoffrey
Winthrop-Young and Michael Wutz refer to Jean Baudrillards
Requiem for the Media in which Baudrillard argued against the
neutrality of media/technologies. iv These thoughts/feelings and

/ 89

actions are a continuity, a conversation, a critical discourse calling attention to our predicament as increasingly technologized
subjects of global capitalism and corporatist regimes.
The corporate logic of our consumer computing devices relies
on false promises of - or rather belies broken hopes for - functionality; or rather is constructed/proposed on the basis of lies
which coverup a coercive force in the form or fabric of functionality. Business models are among the most operative metaphors
of everyday computing culture. The international business machines we use run embedded concepts such as the desktop
metaphor. The digital world in which we live efficient and highly
productive lives is individuated through hypercapitalism. We actively design and consume ourselves through our digital culture
in micropayments made real from the speculative dreams of
Xanadu imagined by Ted Nelson to the iOS integration of App
Store purchases and accounts managed by Apple Computers.
The isolated individuality of the single user keyboard and screen
arrives to us in hindsight through a McLuhanesque rear-view
window future: inherited from Burroughs Corporations calculators and International Business Machines typewriters, mixed
with the mechanics of radio and televisions, illuminated by the
bright weaponized light of utopian military industrial enthusiasm
from the American 1940s.
We are also connected to other memories and hystories in
personal, subjective, interpreted, encoded, shared, plural, diffuse and divergent networks of meaning. Alan Kay and Adele
Goldberg gave us a gift, a glimpse of playfulness or convivial
tools, as inspired by Ivan Illich, to rethink the destructive power of
global capital, spectacular consumption and coercive inculcation
claiming to be educational forms. First generation Net Artists,
experimental New Media pioneers/path-cutters and Glitch.err(s)
such as JODI inspire us to be curious cats who just wanna
push programs over the edge. v Mayhaps this curiosity comes
with a cost, as Eddo Stern has suggested, in a conversation with
me, that artistic positions such as these run the risk of perching too precariously on an ever-moving/mediated edge which is
made believed in waves of technosocial sharpness (a cultural
currency) and premeditated dullness (as forms fall into planned
obsolescence) then into nostalgic waters (kept warm by our own
autobiographies) by the self same corporate cultures we critique.
Crash is also all about uncertainty... Crash exposes a vast
range of social, political and computational issues at the same
time as itself acting or signifying exposure. Crash can readily be
seen as the exposure of the programmable and machinic in that
90 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

what perhaps was not necessarily viewed as a machine or as

coded is now revealed as such. - Martin Howse (of ap/xxxxx) vi
For me, these are sum of the troubles, facts and feelings of living
in our impure Digital<>Analog worlds. I was born in the Late Analog Era listening to experimental Electronic Music, Stereo System Test Recordings and Kraftwerks Autobahn from my fathers
vinyl collection and playing back my Commodore 64 software as
raw data on cassette tapes. Electronic Music often anticipates
Digital Art methods, models and aestheticonceptechniques. vii
This is the result of simple pragmatics of computing and processing power in which operations as basic as copy/paste or as
complex as synthesis and realtime processing are hystorically
implemented on increasingly complex data formats (i.e. first in
plain text, programming languages, then in audio and later in
video capabilities). Digital sampling forms a conceptual basis for
the conversion of the Analog Era into contemporary Digital Cultures. Analog operates as points of origin which simultaneously
co-exist with and mayhaps are better rendered by the language
of singular-ness in relation to the Digital. Analog: singular. Digital: plural; multiple; instantiated...
We hear the distant sound, as if from the sky, the sound of a
breaking string, dying away mournfully. Silence ensues, and all
we hear far away in the orchard is the thud of an axe on a tree.
- Anton Chekhov viii
During sleep, recurrent connections within the hippocampus
force a coherent code to form from noise... - A. David Redish
and David S. Touretzky ix
While re/constructing a few/sum hystories of Noise && Dirty New
Media in this text, I want to think/feel through Experimental Musics as understood through the academic lens of artistic Avant
Gardes as well as pop-cultural forms. From the early 1900s
to today, Luigi Russolos much-invoked manifesto, LArte dei
Rumori (The Art of Noises) may have cast a spell which now
includes, in retrospect, events from: the 1970s work of Kraftwerk, COUM Transmissions becoming Throbbing Gristle becoming Psychic TV or rather Psychick TV or rather the Thee
Temple ov Psychick Youth as a conceptually inconsecrated way
of discussing the development of Industrial Musics to the later
1980s supposed subgenres of EBM (Electronic Body Music)
and/or cultures of Cybergoth x to early 1990s origins of IDM
(Intelligent Dance Music) to mid-1990s Rhythmic Noise to the
late 1990s origins of Digital Hardcore and Dubstep to the early
2000s microsound or rather Clicks & Cuts or rather post-techno
jonCates / 91

and more currently the preset variations of Glitch Hop as expressed through presets, filters and VST plugins such as Ableton
Lives Deconstruct filter (located in the Beat Repeat category)
or Kieran Fosters (ILLFORMEDs) directly named Glitch VST
plug-in from 2005. xi
Kodwo Eshun says, of his concept of remixologies in Iara Lees
documentary Modulations, that the remixological approach is
the convergence of all kinds of musics that in their own form
would never have mixed. xii While running lipstick traces xiii over
linear hystories, Eshun describes these combinatory effects/affects as implosions. His choices of words are always intentional
and intentionally poetic but betray the nonlinear dynamics of implosions, of destructive processes of collapse. Like Lyotardian
collapses of narrative or imploding Cathode Ray Tube screens,
these destructive moments are creative breaks or rather ruptures. These ruptures or breaks are also openings into newly
created interstices. As Rosa Menkman has articulated, we intentionally inhabit these spaces and/or generate them, break in
and open them this way because noise and glitches are (often)
about breaking or pushing boundaries and relaying the membranes of what is socially accepted as categories or genre. xiv

Rosa Menkman from her blog //Sunshine in my throat

Noise music, in its many alterations, ruptures conventional generic boundaries: it is often not music at all, but noise, or sound,
combined with visual material... it escapes the closure of the
(theatrical) stage... When staged, the relation between performer
and everyday person is blurred, and participation by audience
members in Noise events is, in specific instances, a distinctive
phenomenon. - Csaba Toth xv

92 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Cracked Ray Tube is a collaborative realtime project by Chicago artists Kyle Evans and James Connolly that combines analog television and vga monitor feedback
hacks. - http://crackedraytube.com

Static between stations. Rain. We want to capture and control

these sounds, to use them, not as sound effects, but as musical
instruments... - John Cage xvi
Don Delillos more contemporary novel White Noise is said to be
centered around the ideas of consumerism, death, and the way
the two fold back upon one another. I would argue that these
ideas could be seen as a melancholic response to the permanent present. - Timothy C. Schwartz xvii
We drove 22 miles into the country around Farmington. There
were meadows and apple orchards. White fences trailed through
the rolling fields. Soon the sign started appearing. THE MOST
PHOTOGRAPHED BARN IN AMERICA... Were not here to
capture an image, were here to maintain one. Every photograph
reinforces the aura. Can you feel it, Jack? An accumulation of
nameless energies... Being here is a kind of spiritual surrender.
We see only what the others see. The thousands who were here
in the past, those who will come in the future. Weve agreed to be
part of a collective perception... They are taking pictures of taking pictures, he said. He did not speak for a while. We listened
to the incessant clicking of shutter release buttons, the rustling
crank of levers that advanced the film. - Don Delillo xviii

jonCates / 93

i read White Noise when i was in college in the middle of the

midwest at a university no so much unlike The-College-on-theHill of Delillos novel, populated by professors not unlike Delillos
characters Jack Gladney and Murray Jay Siskind, who conversed with me in ways that made reading White Noise feel as
if i was simply stepping into a slightly parallel stream, a nearby
reality sharing similar paths, elements and connection points.
It was then that i determined to teach, reading bell hooks and
considering crashing systems as breakdown/throughs to othersides, the openings of potentially radical possibilities such as
the micro-revolutionary ethics of Guttarri. my art practice and
goals for teaching already at the time were based on Network
Cultures (heavily influenced then by Geert Lovink and nettime),
Experimental Musics (although more closely aligned then with
DJ and Rave cultures through Digital Hardcore, Ambient, Industrial and other more experimental takes on dance musics) and
what would now be called Glitch Art approaches (of breakdown,
rupture, self-reflexivity, systems crashes, error messages, hard
cuts, downsampling, bitcrushing, etc...). It was through these
academic pursuits that i built a basis for a community in Chicago,
a community formed through context-building, a context developed out of this set of concerns in order to articulate, question,
open and share these intersections. Our community became a
framework, openly proposed for participation and interpretation
by those in the Noise and New Media Art communities connected through efforts to engage and in fact develop discourses
relevant to these combinatory affects.
For Evan Meaney, glitch (mayhaps intentionally lowercased) is
a process of internalization as glitch is much less about an aggressive push outward, than it is about an acceptance. these
glitches are present and accounted for both outside our bodies
and within. and, if they are so pervasive, then really they cant
be subversive or transgressive. xix Glitch is a system with and
within ourselves which we can and do learn to love, in their infinite philosophic returns as included imperfections we once tried
to abandon but now integrate. Mayhaps also Glitch returns to
us after our leavetakings as if we are taking in an orphan xx
or a once orphaned attachment, relations that lingers most inevitably inherited like mythologies from Western European traditions in the shape of ghostly figures half remembered/rendered
through collective imaginings of complexes, of problematics, repeated forms of: Electra, Edipus and/or Sysiphus...
Philosophies of fixation, the concept of glitch as pathologized
and/or embraced.

94 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

These are then always already moments in which we are made

aware of contextualizing, of making meanings and/or enframings. We are world building through networks of meanings
made meaningful to each other through connecting, through
choice making and artistic intentionalities. In this glitched theorypractice we must thereby be and become aware of ourselves
in processes that either seek to function invisibly (such as the
multithreaded processes that run in aggregate shape as our
computer desktops) or render us invisible (i.e. through overperformed commercialized individuations in hypercapitalism). In
either case, we can choose (to sum extent), as our choices are
seen to effect processes, we can literally (not metaphorically,
metaphysically or in the abstract) break, bend, hack, crack, corrupt, crash, misinterpret, deconstruct, bitcrush, disorder, forget,
misfile, traumatize, degrade, mistake and/or misencode... these
systems as well as these glitches themselves... as when a recent
remix of mine made Meaney feel as if he had broken the break,
making him maybe afraid of putting it back together again xxi
like the legend of an egg in the language of well-known nursery
rhyme or rather a melody, a song to be sung, as part of a folkloric
tradition. This song has also echoed in, remixed through Lewis
Carrols original version of Alice in Wonderland:
When I use a word, Humpty Dumpty said, in
rather a scornful tone, it means just what I choose
it to mean - neither more nor less.
The question is, said Alice, whether you can
make words mean so many different things.
The question is, said Humpty Dumpty, which is
to be master - thats all.
What falls from the quotes above is what i mean by: we make
meanings through choices of what and when to break when we
glitch, when we master (making) imperfections which undermine
concepts of technological mastery by highlighting our complex(/
es/ities of) meaning making, unmaking, demaking... by breaking and/or bending meanings to make new shapes. From the
digitalPunk perspective this is the process of burnt, re:started
states, ripped up and started again, fragmentary reassemblages,
in the known futures of experimental New Media. As the formerly
named Rotten, John Lydon has written: I know theres a certain aspect in my character where I actually enjoy things falling
apart... xxii But and/or also: I dont think anything about the Pistols was nihilistic. We certainly werent on a death trip. Maybe it
was wreck-and-destroy stupidity, but I would hardly think thats
nihilistic. Quite the opposite. Its very constructive because we
jonCates / 95

Humpty Dumpty - (as illustrated by) John Tenniel (1865)

were offering an alternative. xxiii Or like Motorcycle Boy said,

once upon a Rumble Fish: You know, if youre gonna lead people, you have to have somewhere to go. xxiv
From the academic perspective invoked earlier, Noise is a type
of music which comes from musical traditions such as Musique
concrete and Art Historically originates from Futurist, Dadaist,
Surrealist and FLUXUS. xxv Nearby, the term realtime refers to
receiving and processing a continuous signal at the same rate
as the signal is produced. Contemporary computers are able
to produce and process datastreams (i.e. audio and video) in
realtime. These realtime systems thereby allow digitization
(sampling from the analog), resampling, transcoding, synthesis,
generation of born-digital data and feedback (which is itself often
a feature of Noise musics). Live performance interactions with
these audio-video systems and streams can recurse, like codes
falling infinitely in on/of themselves, flooding stacks and overrun96 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

ning buffers that break like eggs and leak memory as if it was (at
least linguistically) fluid. Unstable fluids fill unstable media xxvi,
awash in memories made warm by our seemingly ongoing need
to personify and/or anthropomorphize machines, make speciesspecific biological metaphors as models to understand devices
of our own making or comfort ourselves in the face of our own
fears of approaching technological singularities beyond which
we have no capacities to imagine.
For me these are the recent futures and nearby pasts in which
Glitch, Noise and Dirty New Media connect and/or coalesce
which is why when the GLI.TC/H organizers initially asked me,
back towards the end of 2009, about how to frame/organize the
event, i suggested a focus on the intersections of Noise & New
Media Art. xxvii Menkman herself has also framed the conversation in these terms, utilizing Artifacts as an enframing device to
describe the apparatus of glitch as an expanded field of technosocial interrelations. The specific Chicago community that i have
worked to develop and discourses i have enabled attempts to
connect concepts of Noise and dirtiness of New Art, i.e. digitalPunk, Dirty New Media and Glitch Art in ways that literally correspond to and connect with communities of Noise Music and
musicians. The r4WB1t5 micro-festivals, which i initiated with
Jon Satrom and organized with an expansive group of artistparticipant-organizers over the years (from 2005, 2007) explicitly
focused on these intersections. xxviii
In the field of Noise Music a definition exists and is mobilized by
Noise musicians to identify Harsh Noise from other forms of
Noise Music. The harshness of Harsh Noise musics relates to
the music itself (i.e via high volumes, extreme amplitude shifts,
dramatic and dynamic jumps through frequency ranges, abrupt
rhythmic changes, shifts in tempo from non-movement to movement, etc) as well as the reception of the music (i.e. in the experience of listening to Harsh Noise music performances). Harsh
Noise is harsh. Glitch Art is glitched. But is it harsh? Or, is it
necessarily always harsh, hard-edged or crunchy? Such were
the questions posed by New Media artist and Media Art Histories
scholar Paul Hertz to Rosa Menkman in Chicago during the first
GLI.TC/H festival of Noise & New Media. Menkmans response
(as we walked along Wabash Avenue beside and underneath
train tracks that recall the trains that travel in her The Collapse
of PAL performance/video) was no, not necessarily... and i
would add that Glitch Art is often also cyberpsychedelic.
i use the term cyberpsychedelic to refer to the combinatory effects of mixing Cybernetics and Psychedelics as cultural influjonCates / 97

ences. In his work on the countercultural origins of cybercultures,

Fred Turner refers small-scale technologies of psychedelia
including personal digital and analog computing systems, electronic musical forms and perception (mind and mood) altering
drugs such as marijuana and LSD. I will refer to the combination of cybernetics (in terms of feedback systems enabled by
realtime technologies) and psychedelics as cyberpsychedelic.
As i argue in other Media Art Histories research projects, i understand these small-scale cyberpsychedelic technologies to be
designed technologies of personal transformation (or tools for
conviviality as described by Ivan Illich xxix) as well as being aestheticonceptechnics.
The work of Morgan Higby-Flowers expresses the situations i
am describing as Higby-Flowers work is both harsh and flowing,
cyberpsychedelic and noisy realtime Glitch Art performances.
Higby-Flowers Input == Input performance illustrated (right)
with a photo and screenshots is as Bent Festival 2011 curator
Phillip Stearns restates, of Higby-Flowers definition of his process, a: Realtime audio visual performance using a no-input
system. The output ranges from dirt-filthy, loud, and stroboscopic : to soft, rhyth matic NTSC rivers. Past performances of
Input==Input include the fist international GLi.tc/H conference/
festival in Chicago, the Performance Video Event in NYC sponsored by the New Media Caucus, and PeepShow 2011 curated
by the Squeaky Wheel in Buffalo, NY. xxx Higby-Flowers work
is cyberpsychedelic, hard edged with rough edges along steep
stairsteps of anti-aliased imagery and simultaneously abrupt
jumps and smooth transitions of multilayered feedback patterns
in the soundscapes which he produces by performing live in realtime. Higby-Flowers recent performance at the BENT Festival
held at 319 Scholes in Brooklyn operated precisely in this manner as has his work since time when he began exploring these
approaches while studying with me at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago when Higby-Flowers began to perform his realtime audio-video Glitch Art projects in the context of The School,
outside events (such as those taking place at the Flowershop in
Chicago) and the r4WB1t5 micro.fest in Mexico City.
While in New York for this years BENT Festival to see HigbyFlowers and other friends, including those who were also involved in r4WB1t5 (Arcangel Constantini and Juanjose Rivas),
i recently encountered BENT Festivals own description of itself,
written by curator Phillip Stearns in 2011. Stearns description
of the festival does sum work to recast itself or revise the BENT
Festivals history in order to align BENT Festival more directly
98 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Morgan Higby Flowers at GLI.TC/H - (photo by) Rosa Menkman (2010)

with Glitch Art by making an implicit claim that the festival is and
always has been about glitch when in fact the 2011 Curatorial
Statement introduces the term which was previously not included in the conception of BENT Festival. Stearns 2011 Curatorial
Statement for BENT also introduces a direct comparison to punk
as a motivation for breakages in Media Art and experimental
Musics. As he begins his text, Stearns claims that these concerns or this curatorial/organizational approach was unknown
before BENT began. xxxi while his motivation for making this claim
is understandable from a promotional perspective, his claim is
nonetheless clearly a convenient fiction (as i am demonstrating in this text) and a predictable form of myopia informed by
NYCentricism (which is prevalent especially in the .US) mixed
with an ahistoricism which would seek to intentionally lapse into
permanent states of willing amnesia about precedents and prejonCates / 99

hystories.
10 years before this most recent BENT Festival, in the summer
of 2001, i went to Rob Rays Deadtech Gallery in Chicago for
Post-Data in the Age of Low Potential, Pt. 2 The first ever Beige
gallery exhibition in which they exhibited, for the first time, their
proprietary 8-bit Nintendo Entertainment System movies, along
with ASCII video and various prints. xxxii My memory of the event
is itself a bit distressed over time, slow faded to he point that i
actually remember it taking place instead at an artspace called
Heaven rather than DEADTECH. in any case, that summer
BEIGE started playing a regular night at a Chicago venue, called
Double Door, in a part of the space called Dirt Room:
THE 8 BIT CONSTRUCTION SET (St.Louis/Chicago/NYC)
fat bits and post data;; the first software distribution on vinyl -ever!!;; nasty home made 8 Bit Rave Trax, hacked Nintendo
games;; wicked DJ action;; EXCLUSIVE: the Beige Massive
Magic Show!! xxxiii
BEIGE events quickly commanded the attention of the communities which i work in and develop, especially in the Chicago-based
New Media Art communities and the academic environment of
New Media Art at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago, both
of which became foundational to our current Glitch Art context.
xxxiv
/ BEIGE was funny then and the members of the now disbanded collective are still individually funny and famously mobilize humor in their projects. They were also very serious and
had a serious attachment to positions they were taking and making in the world. One such position or attachment of theirs was
expressed through the project Low Level All Stars. Low Level
All Stars, now usually singularly credited to Cory Arcangel of
BEIGE Programming Ensemble and RSG, AKA Radical Software Group (which is in most cases a group made up of a single
individual, Alexander R. Galloway), xxxv articulates a particular
position that BEIGE developed and extended into the New Media Art worlds we share/d. Low Level All Stars is a curated collection of crack screen intros from pirated Commodore 64 game
software. The cracks themselves are then recracked in this collaboration which is MADE DIRECTLY FROM THE C64 WITH
NO COMPUTER EMULATION. xxxvi This project represents motivations and intents as do other BEIGE projects. Among these
intentionalities, BEIGE associated itself with Hacker/Cracker
cultures xxxvii and represented itself collectively and themselves
individually as hackers/crackers. xxxviii
As with the 2 examples previously footnoted, these associations and representations were variously/simultaneously ironic,
100 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

sarcastic and serious. Representing oneself this way involves

demonstrating control of and operating from a position of LEET
low level programming skills. Hacker Culture is a type of Expert Culture. These experts often function outside of more traditionally recognized legitimizing structures such as academia
but are nonetheless experts and have created and maintained
their own (albeit often highly individualized, self-educated and
iconoclastic) legitimating technosocial structures, processes and
reward systems. I have experienced these issues from inside
of Hacker/Cracker cultures and have my own individual and
collective takes on working with and within those frameworks.
xxxix
BEIGE made serious and playful claims in the early 2000s
about existing between these legitimating structures; belonging
to and being adept in the intersected fields of hacking, cracking,
New Media Art and experimental musics. In 2003, i co-organized
the Version Festival series at The Museum of Contemporary Art
in Chicago. i asked BEIGE to speak on their projects and they
presented their work on Nintendo hacking, the 6502 assembly
programming language and Nintendo system architecture.
i had already begun thinking critically about their positions and
what they would begin referring to/proposing as their Dirt Style.
In the same Festival, the criticalartware project which i co-founded, core-developed and cared for xl curated an Artware exhibition
called artists_software_development. xli We intentionally developed this exhibition to foreground Artware of Media Art hystorical
relevance to us and others (i.e. rather than only works produced
in/on then current formats). We chose to develop a GUI interface to this physically installed and digitally based exhibition that
would simulate a criticalartware Operating System xlii imagined
as a version of Smalltalk and rendered using (then) Macromedia Flash. The choice of Flash (now owned by and branded as
Adobe Flash) was performed in direct relation to the positions
described earlier which were held by BEIGE. This was a subtle
and mayhaps underrecognized form of communication or dialogue between both of our then Chicago-based collectives/collaboratives/groups.

jonCates / 101

8 BIT presentation - BEIGE at Version>03 Festival, The Museum of Contemporary

Art in Chicago (2003)

.............................................................................................................................................................................

artists_software_development artware exhibition criticalartware at Version>03,

Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago (2003)
.............................................................................................................................................................................

102 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

artists_software_development artware exhibition criticalartware at Version>03,

Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago (2003)

In their presentation BEIGE spoke about their goal of low level

programming as a way to be close enough to the core operations of the machine in order to avoid other agendas such as
those imposed by software via the corporate logic such software
emerges from as commercial products of consumer computing.
Flash, as an example, was invoked by BEIGE collectively and
as individuals as a negative example of how software obscures
artistic intent by distancing the artist from their medium or materials. xlii As expressed in the Beige Philosophy page on their
website, BEIGE believes in the quick and easy exchange of information versus complexity, mystery or corporate logics such
as passive consumption modeled after previous mass media
formats (i.e. television). xliv
By 2005 i had left the organizing effort for the Version Festivals
and was recentering/refocusing on organizing New Media Art
events that would be smaller scale, faster (mayhaps even in a
mode after BEIGEs expressed philosophy). xlv My interest then
and now is on a dirtiness of New Media Art that could embrace
forms of brokenness (what is now referred to generally as Glitch
Art) with a set of meanings of dirtiness that refer to punk, digital
sampling, piracy, pornography, fetish, etc... in the context of the
jonCates / 103

communities i have been describing and particularly the affects,

effects and impacts of the discourses i/we have developed and
deployed at various moments which importantly includes and is
inspired by a take on/interpretation of/response to the Dirt Style
collaboratively/collectively developed by BEIGE.
As such, Dirty New Media is a term i began to use around 2005
after having been thinking/feeling through BEIGEs Dirt Style for
a few years. i meant to express a contrast with the kind of cleanliness that i associate with more commercial or corporate styles of
Digital Art and Design. The graphic and industrial design styles
of Apple Computers is a perfect example of the kind of clean,
smooth, slick style i am referring to. My reason for saying Dirty
New Media is to express a difference or resistance to these
imaginary forms of cleanliness. My and our communities work
is thereby intentionally more raw, direct, dirty, glitchy, noisy, etc.
This is a Glitch Art style that i/we have developed in collaboration, conversation and critical dialogue. xlvi Jason Scott, archivist
for Archive.org, has called our Chicago-based community the
birthplace of dirty new media. xlvii Menkman has written that we
foreground Glitch Art in a way which has become a pivotal axis
of the international gitchscene(s). xlviii Last years and this years
upcoming GLI.TC/H Festivals, which is an international meeting
ground and community forming exchange, attest to the realities
and lived experiences of those statements.
3 years later in 2008, i started referring to myself and my work
as digitalPunk, an obvious reference mayhaps even in reverence
to faded lipstixxx tracings of speculative hystories including the
fetish/bondage scene of the 1974 SEX shop run by Malcolm
McLaren and Vivienne Westwood on Kings Road in London
from which emerged the Sex Pistols, 80s Gibsonian Cyberpunk, Stephensonian Steampunk as suggestively rendered in
The Diamond Age and the Crystalpunk aestheticonceptechnics
of crashing xxxxx AP, the former collaboration of Martin Howse
and Jonathan Kemp...
And now... i am happy to think/feel of myself as a glitch.err in
this context of the READER[ROR], the GLI.TC/H events, the
context of Glitch Art and the larger context of New Media Art and
the intersections with Noise and Experimental Musics.
i am aware that this text stakes claims, makes subjective hystories known, and renders a particular view on a few hystories but
this text is as much intended as a set of open questions as it is
a record for remix:

104 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Technological media operate against a background of noise

because their data travel along physical channels; as in blurring
in the case of film or the sound of the needle in the case of the
gramophone, that noise determines their signal-to-noise ratio.
- Friedrich Kittler
Such is the thrilling violence of the digital glitch. It can be so
jarring that we simply filter it out as so much noise and refuse to
even perceive it. - Curt Cloninger
As the frequency curves of noises inscribe their wavelike
shapes onto the phonographic plate (as Kittler describes the
process of recording sound) these inscriptions become available
as multiple, parallel, plural hystories... as Kittler further states:
Our media systems merely distribute the words, noises, and images people can transmit and receive. xlix We make meanings,
computing these noises as they run on our internal/external operating systems with all their technosocial faults and we are the
ones who glitch them as they GL1TCH.US. l

i. My use of the term hystories in this text has developed over

time in order to underscore a feminist position i take in regards
to patriarchy. In the early 2000s i often wrote the term as [her/
hi]stories but also as hystories. Later, i began to favor the
simplified encoding as hystories. As Sherry Miller Hocking describes in the criticalartware interview which Jon Satrom and i
jonCates / 105

conducted with her in 2003, putting forward parallel histories,

rather than singular historical views which elevate heroic (and
too often male) art stars in art worlds is of critical importance.
The availability of [multiple/parallel] hystories rather than the
establishment of canons or absolutes facilitates a modeling of
truth-telling and accuracy in hystories-writing which resonates
with me because it embraces variance, oscillation, inconsistency, disruption, openness and multiplicities as positive factors in
a hystorical process.
ii. http://www.utdallas.edu/centraltrak/exhibitions/glitch.htm
iii. The introduction to Critical Terms for Media Studies - W. J. T.
Mitchell and Mark B. N. Hansen (2010)
iv. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter - Friedrich Kittler (Author),
Geoffrey Winthrop-Young and Michael Wutz (Translators) (1999)
v. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGQEwYJZzqo
vi. Always Crashing - Martin Howse (2005)
vii. Aestheticonceptechniques is a term i have developed and
deploy as an extension of Kodwo Eshuns term conceptechnics as he uses it in his 1998 book More Brilliant Than The Sun.
Eshun developed the term to signal interdependencies and
deep interrelations of idea and form. Similarly, i use aestheticonceptechniques to articulate my perspective as a theorypractitioner, engaging the interdependent technosocial relations of aesthetics, concepts and techniques.
viii. The Cherry Orchard - Anton Chekhov (1904)
ix. The Role of the Hippocampus in Solving the Morris Water
Maze - A. David Redish and David S. Touretzk (1997)
x. interview with Ralf Htter (of Kraftwerk) - WSKU Radio (1978)
xi.William Robertson (AKA Glitchard Nixon) brought ILLFORMEDs Glitch VST plug-in to my attention while studying with
me at The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Robertsons
research into glitch, affect, performance, musics and realtime
New Media Art involved mapping glitch as a preset or default
in electronic media.
xii. Modulations - Iara Lee (1998)
xiii. Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century
- Greil Marcus (1990)
xiv. 7 questions on Dinca (an interview with Rosa Menkman) Andrew Rosinski (2010)
106 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

xv. Noise Theory - Csaba Toth (2009)

xvi. The Future of Music: Credo - John Cage (1937)
xvii. Loss, Meaning, and Melancholy in the Digital Age - Timothy
C. Schwartz (2011)
xviii. White Noise - Don DeLillo (1985)
xix. personal email conversation between Evan Meaney and
jonCates (2011)
xx. ibid
xxi. ibid, in relation to the remixers work in Mark Amerikas remixthebook project: http://remixthebook.com
xxii. Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs - John Lydon with
Kent Zimmerman (1995)
xxiii. ibid
xxiv. Rumble Fish - Francis Ford Coppola (1983)
xxv. Kim Cascone in his Aesthetics of Failure: Post-digital Aesthetics and the return to Modernism essay and Curtis Roads
in his book entitled microsound make these connections and
claims in detail.
xxvi. This is an intentional reference to the use of the phrase
Unstable Media by the organization V2_ Institute for the Unstable Media, an interdisciplinary center for art and media technology in Rotterdam: http://www.v2.nl
xxvii. personal conversation with Nick Briz, then later email conversations with Nick Briz, Evan Meaney and Jon Satrom (midNovember 2009)
xxviii. The Situationist inspired digitalPunk and Dirty New Media
Art series of r4WB1t5 (raw bits) festivals took place in Chicago, Mexico City, Knoxville and online; was widely covered in
local and international publications; and drew together a range
of attendees, participants and collaborators. The lines between
attendee, participant and collaborator were kept intentionally
permeable, so that artists such as Amanda Gutierrez who attended early events quickly became a participant and then a
collaborator who organized our exchanges with Mexico City.
xxix. Tools for Conviviality - Ivan Illich (1973)
xxx. Bent Festival 2011 - (curator) Phillip Stearns (2011)
xxxi. 8 years ago, when The Tank unleashed Bent Festival upon
jonCates / 107

the unsuspecting world, curiosity and enthusiasm for Circuit

Bending was on like the Big Bang. Chaos, chance, exploration,
anti-theory, and the punk inspired impulse to remake something through breaking it fueled a fiery frenzy that scorched
the shelves of thrift stores and surplus electronics depots, leaving shelves bare and bedroom electronics studios smoldering
with the thick smoke of solder and melting plastic. Bent Festival
brought together that critical mass of closet tinkerers both seasoned and nubile, and what ensued was total annihilation of the
old forms of sonic tradition.
Today, that hot universe has cooled and we find an array of
galaxies; the energy that inspired a generation of electronics
junkies has manifest in practices beyond circuit bending. We
find an embracing of the unexpected and an appreciation for
the beauty of the intentionally corrupted manifesting in the glitch
movement, which abstracts the gesture of short circuiting a battery powered toy into the process of changing the data structure of a file; Circuit Bending becomes Code Bending. Many
of those who began their relationship with electronics through
circuit bending find themselves learning the language and begin building their own circuits but with an appreciation for the
unexpected; Circuit Bending merges with the DIY movement...
from the Curatorial Statement for Bent Festival 2011 by curator
Phillip Stearns (emphasis mine)
xxxii. Whats New With Beige? - BEIGE (1998 - 2004) http://
www.beigerecords.com/whatsnew.html
xxxiii. ibid
xxxiv. Recently Menkman released a research project of her
own to trace or map Glitch Art activities via online/subjective
connectivities. In her writing on the results of this research she
refers to the Chicago School of Glitch. The School she is referring to is very literally the Film, Video, New Media and Animation
department at The School of The Art Institute of Chicago where
i have developed the New Media curriculum since the early
2000s. Jon Satrom developed his Glitch Art approach while
studying with me in this program, went on to curate a screening
program which attracted Nick Briz to come to study with us and
now teaches the first Glitch Art class of its kind within our School
or internationally. Many of the artists referenced in this text (i.e.
Shane Mecklenburger, Morgan Higby-Flowers, Kyle Evans,
James Connolly and others) came directly through this program
as did other internationally recognized Glitch.errs (such as Jake
Elliott, Melissa Barron, Mark Beasley, Valerie Brewer, Tamas Kemenczy, Monica Panzarino, Nick Briz and others).
108 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

xxxv. http://eai.org/title.htm?id=7694
xxxvi. LOW LEVEL ALL-STARS - RADICAL SOFTWARE GROUP
and BEIGE RECORDS (2003)
xxxvii. Hacking Art: Interview with Cory Arcangel - Paddy Johnson (2006)
xxxviii. TEMP IS #173083.844NUTS ON YOUR NECK, or, Hacker Fashion: A Photo Essay - Paul B.Davis, Cory Arcangel, and
Lauren Viera (2002)
xxxix. Jake Elliott and i concepted and organized an event
called Critical Glitch Artware at a conference called NOTACON
and within a demoscene party/competition called BLOCKPARTY
in 2010. We organized this event together and invited curators
(Nick Briz), artists/musicians/performers (Jon Satrom, James
Connolly and Eric Pellegrino) and collaborators (Mark Beasley
and Tamas Kemenczy) to be involved in this event in specific
ways. The organizers of GLI.TC/H were invited participants in
the Critical Glitch Artware event and vice versa. Previously, the
criticalartware crew (jonCates, Jake Elliott, Tamas Kemenczy
and Mark Beasley) won first place in the Artware category at
BLOCKPARTY 2008. This winning of the Artware category was
infact a reframing of our being disqualified from the competition. In response to our disqualification we invented a category
and announced that we had won, running a social engineering hack on the conceptual operating system of BLOCKPARTY
and NOTACON. Recognizing the hackerly inventiveness of this,
the organizers then invited us as speakers the following year
to we reveal our secret source codes for speculative artware
operating systems and realtime applications at BLOCKPARTY
and NOTACON 2009. Previous to that Elliott and Kemenczy organized Artware Death Matches at an Free and Open Source
hacklab/community computing space called dai5ychain (which
Jake ran) within a larger artspace called the Flowershop (that
Elliott, Kemenczy, Nicholas OBrien and others ran) in Chicago
during the Chicago Hackmeetings. The Chicago Hackmeetings were inspired directly by a presentation on Hacklabs and
Hackmeetings by Xabier Barandiaran at a space then called
Polvo. Barandiarans presentation was organized by myself (as/
with criticalartware) and Daniel Tucker (as/with AREA Chicago).
xl. criticalartwares formation in 2002 was deeply informed
by the Radical Software [publication/platform/project] (by the
Raindance Corporation). criticalartware co-founders (jonCates,
Blithe Riley, Christian Ryan, jon.satrom and bensyverson) met in
jonCates Radical Software/Critical Artware course in the Film,
Video & New Media Department @ The School of the Art InstijonCates / 109

tute in Chicago and then continued the conversation begun in

the course, expanding this conversation into the criticalartware
project. from: http://criticalartware.net/was/
xli.
/* ========================= *
criticalartware
version.1.2.4
new program_output
* ========================== */
/* ========================= *
UPDATE
* ========================== */
Introducing criticalartware version.1.2.4:
Linked to the Version>03 DigitalArtsConvergence, version 1.2.4
of criticalartware presents 02 aspects of the Version>03 digital_arts_festival @ the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago,
running from March 26-30 2003.
/* ========================= *
01.THREE TALES - BERYL KOROT
* ========================== */
01: Beryl Korot screens her new work, Three Tales, a documentary digital video opera (1998-2002). Pioneer video artist Beryl
Korot presents her digital documentary video opera conceived
with composer Steve Reich. An exploration of the dire consequences of 20th-century technology, Three Tales examines
through historical film and video the disastrous 1937 explosion
of the German zeppelin Hindenberg, the atomic bomb tests at
Bikini Atoll, and the hapless sheep Dolly cloned in 1997.
Thursday March 27, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago /
220 East Chicago / Main Theater 5pm / Video and Q & A / Three
Tales a documentary digital video opera (1998-2002) Music:
Steve Reich / Video: Beryl Korot
/* ========================= *
02.ARTIST_SOFTWARE_DEVELOPMENT
* ========================== */
02: artist_software_development @ Version>03 presents seven
pieces of artware, works of executable code that function as
software art.
March 27-30, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago / 220 East
Chicago / Theater Entrance
10 AM - 10:30 PM
110 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

The artists_software_development station: functions as a site of

exhibition, deployment and exchange of artware projects. Including:
[_artist...........:artware_]
mary flanagan: [search]
Hanna Kuts and Viktor Dovhalyuk: stadt sound station
Barbara Lattanzi: AMG STRAIN
Peter Luining: traber073
Roman Minaev: content-type
Shirley Shor: Becoming
Josephine Starrs and Leon Cmielewski: Bio-Tek Kitchen
/* ========================= *
DYNAMIC.LINK
* ========================== */
criticalartware version.1.2.4
.............................................
Version>03 DigitalArtsConvergence
Museum of Contemporary Art, Select Media, and OVT Visuals
present Version>03
[DigitalArtsConvergence]
Technotopia vs. Technopocalypse
Exploring the multitudes of technology / activism / arts and culture
26-30 March 2003
http://www.versionfest.org
/* ======================= *
END.MESSAGE
* ======================== */
xlii. The dream of the criticalartware Operating System was pursued more fully through our liken application online and has now
been realized by criticalartware co-founders Jon Satrom and
Ben Syverson in their collaboration the sOS or Satromizer Operating System. The Satromizer Operating System is the worlds
first 100% problem-based operating system which was fully
realized for and first exhibited and performed in the Funware
exhibition at MU in Eindhoven, the Netherlands in 2010: http://
satromizer.com/sOS/
xlix. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter - Friedrich Kittler (Author),
Geoffrey Winthrop-Young and Michael Wutz (Translators) (1999)
l. This text, with related media and links, is available online at
HTTP://GL1TCH.US

jonCates / 111

112 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 113

114 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 115

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#$%&'"(()*+",-./0"0"1234#"5$67"7"8.""0(9:;"""(9<("("=$>?7"5@$&A"B/6C.+"<D;"123(:(E?.$&/0*F",C5?0/0/G?G/H?6.A/I$ICC.?JIIB8BCC./0&/@"KL""M

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 117

118 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Matthew Fuller
Know Your Sorts
Matthew Fuller & Andrew Goffey, Evil Media, MIT Press, 2012

Sorting takes a sequence of entities and permutates that sequence in order to arrive at a result which renders it more useful.
As a stratagematic force in its own right, therefore, sorting should
be understood both as something that yields results, in the form
of a ranking, and as something that generates its own terms of
composition, shifting relations between things that are sorted in
ways that imply multiple kinds of use and attention.
Amongst other qualities, permutation, the process of the shifting
and sifting of the order of things, has an aesthetics of its own
which renders it distinct from the conceptual lock-down of nominally Platonic essentialism favoured in certain kinds of mathematically grounded accounts of software. Such an aesthetics
establishes a vivid dynamic of interplay between algorithms, the
machinic context of hardware and software resources and the
data which is being handled, all of which makes demands on
the other and combine to render each permutational process
individual. Further iterations and enfoldings of sorting in other
media - such as social processes - make it particularly interesting. In such a context, knowing your sorts, gaining a sense of the
aesthetic dimensions of ordering is crucial. But aside from the
way in which it engages the sensorial aspect of being, sorting
has a profound and intricate relationship to systems of ordering.
Amongst these, sorting is something distinct from categorization,
to which it is naturally affiliated. Categorisation may be the result
of a sort, and categories may also be sorted, but it is the permutational moment and the kinds of power it produces and invokes
that we are concerned with here.
As a distinct field of thought, computer science usefully maintains intellectual and technical reserve in relation to its application, its wider place in the world. As such it maintains relations of
pretended universality, in that everything finds its place in computation, but also equally establishes its separateness. In such a
context of technical neutrality, sorts are evaluated in terms of the
optimal use of resources both for processing code and for han/ 119

dling data during runtime, and in terms of the speed of execution

in relation to different sorting problems. In the field, questions
of optimality or optimization of this kind may be complicated by
those of the efficiencies of management, but since most sorting algorithms are readily available within standard libraries such
forms of interference tend not to coincide.
Within the computational articulation of sorts, material is typically handled via an alphanumeric key, a pointer, that maintains
a relation to the records, numbers or other single or clustered
entities that it in turn is able to treat as satellites. What is sorted
then is not at first the primary data, such as a record or file, or
what it may refer to, such as an event or a person. What sorting
first acts upon is the numeric values by which they are handled.
Once these are organised, sorting can concatenate out. As such,
a general literacy of sorting is to be recommended.
Arguments against instrumental reason1, averring that it is one
more form of knowledge which subordinates means to ends, is
usefully transformed by other forms of sorting in which not the
numeric handler but rather the data itself are understood to have
an intrinsic and indexical relation to things in the world. Social
sorting as it is termed by scholars in critical surveillance studies2
adopts a mode of sorting in which mechanisms for the management of entitlement, control and protection are deployed to maximise efficiency, convenience and speed. Opponents of sorting
tend not to concern themselves with the underlying logic of such
rules, but with those moments at which they become inefficient,
inconvenient and slow. They may also attend to the way in which
vague social classifiers such as race are mobilized to provide
surety and the opportunity for the randomized, unjust or unaccountable exercise of power. The likelihood of racial category
providing insight into someones level of criminality is roughly
equivalent to such analysis being made on the basis of shared
name. That this is so does not preclude either association being
made. Imagine the quandary of an eight year old boy who has
the same name as a person who is for some reason on a terror
watch-list, and who is therefore subject to body searches before
boarding any plane.3
His problem arises because he is being sorted on the basis of
a referencing system that specifies an alphanumeric identifier
his namewhich, due to social convention and a resulting limited name space, is most likely held by more than one person.
It is perhaps better to name children with strong passwords that
are unlikely to be duplicated or easily memorized. Alternately,
it is possible to identify citizens on the basis of unique identi120 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

fiers, such as passport numbers and identification cards, which

provide an easily exploitable sense of security. These may be
triangulated with probabilistically unique identifiers such as biometrics, nominally unchanging and accessible features that can
be turned into a record which in turn can be assigned an alphanumeric code.
The primary method of sorting in computing is sorting by comparison. In such cases, data is sorted in relation to other data,
for instance whether it has a lesser or greater numeric value.4
Sorting by comparison implies that the range of data to be sorted
is generally not known in advance, or does not need to be. In
cases where it is known, algorithms such as bucket sort, radix
sort and pigeonhole sort, amongst others, work with effective addressing schemas to allocate results. Differences between these
can be accounted for at the level of speed, for instance when
using a search engine to query for a common search term whose
results are pre-ranked, compared to those that are rarer or unprecedented, and thus need to be generated on the fly.
Comparison essentially involves the allocation of a position on
the basis of a greater than or less than calculation. Whilst it is
tempting to make the assumption that simply because something is sorted by comparison it is reduced to a place within a
schema of greater or lesser rank, this would be to over-estimate
its effects and possibly to misrecognise the importance of the
process of being sorted as significant in itself before a place
in such an array is determined. Ranking can be an extremely
useful effect in combination with a queuing system or resource
allocation process as a way of entraining what is ranked. Ranking regimes that are active through the differential ordering of
interacting entities of different scales are inherently interesting.
As an example, the ranking of academics by numerous interacting rank-based mechanisms (such as those of scholars, departments, institutions, articles, citations, journals) confirm the
benefit of such approaches in terms of the simplification of the
evaluation of research into a quantifiable metric. The ease with
which such a system can be interpreted and summarized allows
for all positions within it to adapt to and canalize the required behaviour. Fine-tuning of results can be achieved by more obscure
means of handling such as those evinced by social networks.
All forms of sorting require the use of resources. In resourceconstrained environments, choosing which sort may be adopted,
testing which sort may be being applied or to which one is subject, or whether to estimate the employment of a sort of any kind
as useful, it is advisable to evaluate its implications in terms of
Matthew Fuller / 121

calculation and processing. Because sorts imply such costs they

are often identified as implying a deliberate sacrifice of resources, especially time, at the altar of rather obscure gods. As an
important dimension of the experience of sorting this is something itself to take into account. Here, the deployment of sorts
can act usefully as a form of immobilisation, an occlusion of the
identification of the beneficiaries of the sorting process, or for the
generation of support for new resource requirements. Whilst in
some cases, the least amount of comparisons should be aimed
at for the sake of efficiency, each opportunity for ordering is one
that should also be taken as a test of the worth of ordering in
itself and should therefore be evaluated carefully.
An example of the unpredictable results of the introduction of
sorting practices is to be found in the work of postal delivery. By
its very nature the work requires numerous stages of sorting.
The number and range of address to be delivered to is generally known and fixed into the frame used to position the run of
things to be delivered during their preparation in the sorting office. One exemplary factor that complicates the work is often the
uneven physical distribution of the addresses. A street may be
laid out in a higgledy- piggledy fashion, various plots of land having perhaps been developed at different times, being of different
sizes, or arrayed non-uniformly due to natural features. Working out the optimal route to take may be further complicated by
many factors (such as the slope of the ground or the presence of
parcels in the delivery load). Thus, every person delivering post
experiences their own daily version of the Travelling Salesmans
Problem.5 This problem is usually understood to be resolvable
only in exponentially calculable time, but is solved here by the
tacit knowledge and the labour of the postal worker who knows
and sorts the route. Attempts to automate the process of sorting
and route planning in ways that marginalize or contradict this
local and habitual knowledge on the undisclosed assumption
that such knowledge lacks the quantifiable virtue of the explicit,
and so can easily be confused with stupidity - raise a number of
problems that are exploitable as stratagems, but that mitigate
against an optimal postal service.6 The case of the trickiness of
the postal sort remind us that the virtue of a stratagem must not
be mistaken for an illusory efficiency. It also makes evident however that certain problems of sorting can be offloaded by such
means. The efficient circulation of an illusion is something to be
appreciated.

122 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

.............................................................................................................................................................................
1

Max Horkheimer, Critique of Instrumental Reason, Continuum,

London 1983

See i.e. David Lyon, ed., Surveillance and Social Sorting,

Routledge, London, 2002

Lizette Alavarez, Meet Mikey, 8: U.S. Has Him on Watch

List, New York Times, January 13th 2010, http://www.nytimes.
com/2010/01/14/nyregion/14watchlist.html/

Algorithms exemplifying such an approach include heapsort,

quicksort, insertion sort, merge sort, cocktail sort, and others.

5
A classic problem in computer science, in which the shortest
path between several different points (cities to be visited by a
salesman) is to be calculated.
6

Roy Mayall, Dear Granny Smith, Short Books, London, 2009

.............................................................................................................................................................................

Matthew Fuller / 123

124 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 125

126 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY / 127

128 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

24 HOUR NO PASSWORD PARTY

/ 129

130 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

jon.satrom,
Menkman,
Briz, JODI

Rosa
Nick

http://twitter.com/#!/4040404040404

On Aug 18, 2011, at 1:44 AM, JODI wrote:

hio Jon R OS etcBoto
(for JOn - PLZ read REQuest Below)
directly inspired by your 1998 work http://404.jodi.org/
We would like to offer you the most traffic from our website!
t TTTTTTTT YYyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy -yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyytyfo
Every typo, every malformed URL; we would love to invite you
to do something with our 404 page. This contribution to applicable)... Would you be interested?
// yyYYYYYYYYYYY
//
/firsT idea is a redirection to a twitteraccount /4040404//o
no-tec just 2.0 re-direction ( spam-style/complete-outofcontext)
__wdyt?
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
osa Menkm
rrrrrrrrrrrrRRRRRRosa Menkm RRRRRR
Pour -- ROSA #*
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys4pvcsVwQI
ROAS AROSAS ROSRIS ROS R ROAS AROSAS ROSRIS
ROS ROSUM UM ZumOSUM UM Zum ROAS AROSAS ROSRIS ROS ROSUM UM Zum ROA
======================== FOr JON
=============================
++++++++++++++++++++++ C+ CODE REQUEST
++++++++++++++++++++++
__:
codewise it doesnt goahead// the coding%
pros always Fails .FAIL
/ 131

The work 404 error by Jodi, [...] has become not just
about an error or non-place, but has been erected as an
iconographic work standing for a desired destination,
and spawned a cult of broken link art works. Such works,
[...] insist that their spectators establish new conceptual
paradigms for approaching these particular works of glitch
art.1
On August 18th we asked Jodi to create a special easteregg
for the GLI.TC/H website, in celebration of the iconic 1998 work
http://404.jodi.org/. The result was 4040404040404, a social
spiderhole for tweeting spiders and other web scutter spheres.
When mistyping an URL, or following a 404 link within the
GLI.TC/H domain, any user agent will automatically land
on 4040404040404. Every agent landing on such a page is
redirected to the 404 page, which sends specific user agent
information to the 4040404040404 Twitter page that will collect
for instance the visitors ip, and append it to the gli.tc/h domain
name from which the user was linked in, effectively curating and
creating gli.tc/hs 404 non-space cloud.
But 4040404040404 also exposes Twitters own active (and
normally completely obfuscated documentation (or scraping
process) of links shared on the microblogging website: when a
user shares their 404 (or any other) link on Twitter, Twitter will
index this url (to rank its relevance). The 404 page however,
redirects the spider back to Twitter, creating a publicly visible
feedback loop of Twitters corporate dark fiber scraping spiders,
bots and crawlers. 4040404040404 thus exposes and facilitates
the clouds made inside, with the help of the cloud(s).
While many glitchers fear that the potential for glitch
will be drastically challenged through cloud computing,
4040404040404 shows a new opportunity for glitching within
the clouds.
4040404040404 heavily draws upon spectator literacy (references to media technology texts, aesthetics and machinic
processes). It prompts the spectator to engage not only with
technical, but also with subcultural and meta-cultural gestures.
This is how users do not consume but instead become active
participants in a culture invested in constant re-definition.

132 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

your mail is cutoff by the Spam filter

eeekk
-=
i have a problem here;]-- ]] ] ] ]] ] ]
hi o
To: GLI.TC/H <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: *****SPAM***** GLI.TC/H #404
1. Rose, Anton.16.05.2011. Welcome to Artbreak: Kanye West and the
Creative Destruction of Compression Artefacts as a Critical Tool in the
Avant-garde of Glitch Art. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis.
Briz, JODI, Menkman, Satrom / 133

134 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Briz, JODI, Menkman, Satrom / 135

136 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Alexander Galloway
FORK

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---####------#----)///++/--//////-///.0000.///-//////--/++///)----#------####---------)/))//-//.*./../..//-0//0-//../../.*.//-//))/)-----------#-------#--//-/-+././-/.//./000-..-000/.//./-/./.+-/-//--#-------#-------#--###/-//)-////.+..-/.0/0/00/0/0./-..+.////-)//-/###--#-----------#-----##-////+////-///..././//..///./...///-////+////-##-----#----------##--------#--/-/////././//-////.//////.////-///././////-/--#--------##--

/ 137

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{$M[$r+int(rand(10))][$_]=$_[0];}}}
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138 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

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{$M[$r+int(rand(10))][$_]=$_[0];}}}
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&&0&0&&&&0.000000.0-000.0000.0.000000..000000.0.0000.000-0.000000.0&&&&0&0&&
000&#0#0&000.0&00000000&0+000-0.000.00.000.0-000+0&00000000&0.000&0#0#&000

Alexander Galloway / 139

> perl -e while (rand()<.9) {fork;} for(33..48) {&Z(chr($_));} for($r=0;$r<@M;$r++) {$s="";

for(0..$#M) {$s.="$M[$r][$_]";} $s=reverse($s).$s; while(length($s)<90) {$s=" $s ";}
print "$s ";} sub Z {$x = int(rand(40)); for($r=0;$r<$x;$r++) {for(0..$x)
{$M[$r+int(rand(10))][$_]=$_[0];}}}
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......,...-...-.#....-...-....-...-....#.-...-...,......

140 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 141

142 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

A Bill Miller
gridworks2000

/ 143

144 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 145

146 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Laimonas Zakas

/ 147

148 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 149

150 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Iman Moradi
Glitchbreak 11/11/11

Recently I was considering the future of glitch art and whether

it has a future. I thought its best to start with the present and
therein lies the issue, the present makes me quite uneasy.
I think there are several points that are quite unsettling about
the glitch, glitch art and what glitch artists are doing. Some of
these points are factors which have contributed and continue
to contribute to its less than mainstream status. Not that lack of
mainstream appeal is a bad thing in itself, but I feel the glitch
as a genre will have a lower chance of moving beyond niche or
make leaps in progress if it carries on like this. I wish it does, but
I dont know if it would be possible. Before I begin, for all intents
and purposes, Im guilty of most if not all the allegations below
in any work that Ive had a hand in.
My intention certainly isnt to offend, its to spark a bit of dialogue
or at best make a new explorer of this area think more carefully
about how they can contribute and make way for the new, fresh
and cerebral works Ive been selfishly dying to see.
Consideration number 1: A Question of purity
First and foremost, in my mind right now is the simple fact
that indulging a desire to glitch or to capture and collect one,
feels strangely at odds with the very nature of the glitch itself. Its
pure incontestable status as fleeting error or accident is completely contested when its captured or re-purposed.
Ordinarily, a visual or auditory glitch rips through its host medium and interrupts a scheduled flow of information, Im prone
to think its spirit is somewhat dampened when we harness it to
harness it is to destroy one of the very conditions that makes it
valid and special. I used to brush off objections people voiced of
this nature with carefully justified arguments, but in retrospect, I
actually think its quite important to ponder on this one carefully.

/ 151

If you can collect and display a glitch in a controlled setting,

what is the result, is it a semi glitch? Is a representation or simulation of a glitch (glitchalike) or is it something else?
In a sense, I would suggest the production of the vast majority
of glitch artwork is very much an act of rogue taxidermy, rogue
taxidermists more often than not create monstrous assemblages
of animals that dont have live counterparts. Similarly Id say that
glitch artists or designers are creating works that can barely be
called glitches, theyre not necessarily monstrous, they can be
quite tasteful and aesthetically charming to a point, and we can
agree they are design explorations or artistic and creative explorations of a process driven nature, but in as far as a relationship with the glitch stands, they offer a mere aesthetic imprint
of a pure unadulterated glitch and very little will change that.
Bonus Questions
Q1. Why is the purity of the glitch special and worth considering? Does it matter that a glitch is faked? Does anyone actually
care or is this a complete non issue?
Q2. Is there generally a lot of poorly constructed glitch artwork
every time someone tries to apply the glitch look to something?
Do they revert to cliches when trying to convey a glitch? Do they
use plug-ins and on trend techniques indiscriminately or does it
really have synchronicity with the content and subject matter? Is
it authentic and faithful?
Consideration Number 2 : Process and Aesthetics not Art.
I think glitch as a field is so obsessed with process and so absorbed in the discovery of new tools to glitch with, that it consequently spends less time conveying anything of real merit the
conveying part becomes second fiddle to the exploration of process. When the glitch does convey something, it feels a bit contrived and deterministic. In a sense maybe weve reached the
limits of the things it can say, maybe the glitch and its maximum
conveying effectiveness is characteristically all about process?
As an adjunct to this, lets sum up some of these themes currently prevalent and over utilised glitch art... deconstruction,
destruction, subversion, activism, disruption and imperfection, is there much variance or deviance from these? What
about death, annihilation, disassociation, Im sure it has more
range than that but it doesnt stick out for me.

152 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

Subsequently, resulting works have a familiar recurrent ring to

them. Beyond a fleeting techno-fetishistic fascination, or a professional research interest or urge to create similar work, when
was the last time a glitch work made you sad, has it moved
anyone to tears, has it elated them beyond belief into a manic
state of excitement? Maybe it has! Im extremely sorry that I
just havent seen it yet. For all its bravado, the reaction to it is
strangely subdued. When we sit in our dark auditoriums / cinemas / bars / clubs and other stages soaking up what is possibly
quite a violent protest of display technologies with a mixture of
mild fascination and tingling sense of hey look this is very cool
stuff does the brain matter really get worked up? Does the glitch
permeate a heightened sense of emotional intensity or sublimity
within its viewers? Ive had experience of the musical variety of
glitch doing this but to my frustration, never the visual!
Too much emphasis on process or the tools can actually
make for shallow exploration of the message, or a de-emphasis of what is actually being conveyed. When was the last
time you heard a world renowned celebrity artist go into insane
amounts of depth describing the techniques used in producing
the actual artwork theyre known for? They usually talk about the
thoughts behind the work, not the tools! They rarely want people
to get excited about the tools and production alone, they talk
about feelings, emotions, experiences and interactions.
If the glitch has run out of things to say or reached the limits of
its vocal range, it should focus more on the experiential aspect. Personally, I want it to move me, I want to experience a
sense of the overpowering, of Schopenhauers Full Feeling of
the Sublime and on another spectrum, I want it to convey to me
the emotionally delicate, where the glitch literally takes over and
wants to rip your heart out with subtlety and gravity. Is it capable
of such a range?
Who will actually rise to the challenge to explore that and actually produce something worthy of MoMA or the Tate? No one I
guarantee was moved emotionally or felt a flutter in their heart
by playing with Glitchbrowser! They might have gotten a little
excited sure, but more than that, I think not. I really do hope it
achieves its potential if it has it.
Having spent a good few years operating at the periphery and
looking inwards, with few exceptions the majority of the work
either focuses too heavily on the process or is mainly playing
with a temporal, shallow surface aesthetic, thats not to say there

Iman Moradi / 153

isnt endless potential in doing either of those and exploring the

glitch in such a fashion. Its just that this is another barrier to it
getting taken more seriously.
Consideration 3 : Glitch and linguistic attributes of net.art
The glitch is not net.art! Despite its anecdotally glitch induced
origins and the fact that some works of net.art use the glitch
aesthetic heavily, I dont believe there is symbiotic connection. I
think sometimes the glitchs entanglement with the aesthetics of
net.art and the language of it actually gets in the way of discussing it and framing works effectively. Even worse when it gets
mixed up with the crap aesthetic it becomes a non delineated
hodge podge that doesnt speak volumes of the glitch but rather
a genuine failure of aesthetics.
Consideration 4: The Glitch and Nostalgia
Ive often considered that sustained objectivity is a hard thing to
come by when studying something, at some point you may become so obsessed with a facet of the thing youre studying that
it potentially blinkers your senses and dulls the objectiveness of
a critique or appraisal of the merits of the subject. No where is
this more apparent than with the glitch, it seems you can get in
a conversation with most people who appreciate the glitch with
talk of the following: the lovely warm analogue qualities of a variety of dead media, Fuzzy TV reception, low-fi display methods
and so on. I dont mean to single out any particular strand of
work, or any particular person, or dismiss the value of appreciating dead media...but as far as pushing the boundaries of glitch
go, this to my mind, is simply media archeology laced with nostalgia, its a potent drink which prevents us experimenting with
the glitch in a variety of other settings with future technologies
that are increasingly more signal perfect or complex to unravel.
Concluding Thoughts: Mainstream adoption, ruthless curation and the power of narrative. For the glitch to gain serious collectors willing to part with cold hard cash, be featured
in prestigious collections and have leading art critics comment
upon it, I think there needs to be a serious body of work that is
more preoccupied with everything but process, interested in the
potential of large scale cross disciplinary co-production and lots
and lots of serious critique from within. I think this will gradually
happen, its certainly on that trajectory!
Another major stepping stone would be a harsher curatorial
hand, and filtering (by non glitch aficionados) and less patting
each other on the back. In a young field, its very easy to continuously give each other unnecessary kudos, throughout 2004
154 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

- 2011 only one person had something aggressively opinionated to say to me about something I had said, Im saddened
that most times people overrated the Glitch Dissertation I wrote.
http://oculasm.org/glitch
Some people were generous enough to call it a PhD dissertation, it most certainly was no such thing, and a few others translated bits in totality as their own, to me that speaks volumes
about how young this field is! I feel it definitely either needs to
marry into projects that combine great compelling content or
be used as a dominant part of a work by a well known artist
of an another field who then discusses the glitch in relation to
their work.
Having said all this, the glitch is still only young and already
there is an inventive, beautiful community that is formed around
discussing the glitch, creating works. A charge that cant be levied against it, is that its stagnant and not evolving, it is evolving,
it does have it critics too. I hope they dont hold back!
The people at the forefront of this genre who may consider
themselves as old hands at it, for all intents and purposes are
quite young and are always exquisitely excited and excitable
with the exception of myself on a bad day and maybe my long
time collaborator Ant Scott (BEFLIX) who genuinely needs to be
celebrated for bringing all this about and possibly being the first
to coin this term glitch art.
As a last note, what I really liked about what Ant did on his glitch
blog those many years ago was everything to do with content,
he made some distinctions about the provenance of each glitch
and sometimes shared fragments of stories about them but never went too far to unravel the mystery of their existence or how
they came to be. Things were alluded to and thats what made
it compelling at least thats the lingering impression I have of it.
Perhaps what made a lasting and significant emotional connection were those evocative one line abstract narratives or bits of
micro-fiction. In a sense, they dont have anything to do with the
glitch itself but amplify its experience.
I certainly hadnt heard of glitch art till I came across Ants work.
Most people flirt with it for a while and either decide to stay or
leave, some people find the vocabulary, others invent their own.
The ones who do form lasting relationships with the glitch will
almost certainly find it very hard to shake off.

Iman Moradi / 155

156 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 157

158 / GLI.TC/H READER[ROR] 20111

/ 159

GLI.TC/H gathers a variety of participants + works + ideas from

within glitch/dirty/experimental-new-media art communities into
a multi-day & multi-format happening consisting of video screenings, real-time performances, workshops, lectures, panels, a gallery exhibition and on-going online components.
Thinkers and artists; Makers and breakers converge to celebrate
technological catastrophe. A glitch is a moment known to everyone but enjoyed by few. GLI.TC/H brings together those inspired/curious/provoked by glitches and provides a platform to
break things, share thoughts, and develop ideas.
GLI.TC/H 20111 will include works from over 100 participants
from more than a dozen countries and will be taking place in
virtual-space at http://gli.tc/h and in real-space from Nov 3 - 6
in Chicago, US; Nov 11 - 13 in Amsterdam, NL; Nov 19 in Birmingham, UK.
Recent writings, works, and experiments in glitch art exemplify
the potential of new-media-art to expose critical links within our
(increasingly mediated) digital-culture. Last years conference
brought a diverse and geographically scattered community together to discuss and share their works and ideas in real-time
and real-space. The conversations had and connections made
at GLI.TC/H 2010 have continued to develop virtually over the
past year. GLI.TC/H 20111 will collate and celebrate these
glitchy developments in an unstoppable multi-city event fueled
by these chaotic communities and vibrant participants old and
new.
GLI.TC/H 20111 has been made possible by 146 Kickstarter
backers.