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Type 1-Trigger After Update

The document describes different types of triggers created on tables in Oracle SQL. It includes examples of triggers that: 1) Print log messages for insert, update, and delete statements on a table. 2) Perform the same logging before and after changes are made to a table. 3) Validate data and raise errors for invalid values. 4) Automatically update totals in one table when rows are inserted into another table.

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NatarajanBalasubramaniyan
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94 views7 pages

Type 1-Trigger After Update

The document describes different types of triggers created on tables in Oracle SQL. It includes examples of triggers that: 1) Print log messages for insert, update, and delete statements on a table. 2) Perform the same logging before and after changes are made to a table. 3) Validate data and raise errors for invalid values. 4) Automatically update totals in one table when rows are inserted into another table.

Uploaded by

NatarajanBalasubramaniyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL> create table empa(id number(3),name varchar2(10),income number(4),expense

number (3),savings number(3));


Table created.
SQL> insert into empa values(2,'kumar',2500,150,650);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into empa values(3,'venky',5000,900,950);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into empa values(4,'anish',9999,999,999);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from empa;
ID NAME
INCOME EXPENSE SAVINGS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------2 kumar
2500
150
650
3 venky
5000
900
950
4 anish
9999
999
999

TYPE 1- TRIGGER AFTER UPDATE


------------------------------------------------SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER CSE
AFTER UPDATE OR INSERT OR DELETE ON EMPA
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF UPDATING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS UPDATED');
ELSIF INSERTING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS INSERTED');
ELSIF DELETING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS DELETED');
END IF;
END;
/
OUTPUT:
Trigger created.
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> update empa set income=900 where name='kumar';
TABLE IS UPDATED
1 row updated.

SQL> insert into empa values(4,'chandru',700,250,80);


TABLE IS INSERTED
1 row created.
SQL> delete from empa where id=4;
TABLE IS DELETED
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from empa;
ID NAME
INCOME EXPENSE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------2 kumar
900
150
650
3 venky
5000
900
950

SAVINGS

TYPE 2- TRIGGER BEFORE UPDATE


-------------------------------------------------

SQL> select * from empl;


ID NAME
INCOME EXPENSE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------2 kumar
900
150
650
3 venky
5000
900
950

SAVINGS

SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER UNICS


BEFORE UPDATE OR INSERT OR DELETE ON EMPL
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF UPDATING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS UPDATED');
ELSIF INSERTING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS INSERTED');
ELSIF DELETING THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TABLE IS DELETED');
END IF;
END;
/

OUTPUT:
Trigger created.
SQL> insert into empl values(4,'MAHESH',700,250,80);
TABLE IS INSERTED
1 row created.
SQL> delete from empl where id=4;
TABLE IS DELETED
1 row deleted.
SQL> update empl set income=9000 where name='venky';
TABLE IS UPDATED
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from empl;
ID NAME
INCOME EXPENSE
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------2 kumar
900
150
650
3 venky
9000
900
950

SAVINGS

TRIGGER USING MESSAGE ALERT


SQL> create table msg(name char(10),age number(3));
Table created.
SQL> desc msg;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------NAME
CHAR(10)
AGE
NUMBER(3)
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> create trigger trignew
after insert or update of age on msg
for each row
begin
if(:new.age<0)then
dbms_output.put_line('INVALID AGE');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('valid age');
end if;
end;
/

OUTPUT:
Trigger created.
SQL> insert into msg values('abc',15);
valid age
1 row created.
SQL> insert into msg values('xyz',-7);
INVALID AGE
1 row created.
TRIGGER TO RAISE APPROPRIATE ERROR CODE AND ERROR MESSAGE:
SQL> desc data;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------NAME
CHAR(10)
AGE
NUMBER(3)

SQL> create trigger checkdata


after insert or update of age on data
for each row
begin
if(:new.age<0)then
raise_application_error(-20000,'No Negative Age Allowed');
end if;
end;
/
OUTPUT:
Trigger created.
SQL> insert into data values('mani',10);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into data values('ganesh',-34);
insert into data values('ganesh',-34)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20000: No Negative Age Allowed
ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.CHECKDATA", line 3
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'SYSTEM.CHECKDATA'
SQL> select * from data;
NAME
AGE
---------- ---------abc
15
xyz
-7
mani
10

TRIGGER FOR EMP TABLE TO UPDATE ANOTHER TABLE:


SQL> create table srm_emp2(iname varchar2(10),iid number(5),salary number(10));
Table created.
SQL> desc srm_emp2;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------INAME
IID
SALARY

VARCHAR2(10)
NUMBER(5)
NUMBER(10)

SQL> create table srm_sal2(iname varchar2(10),totalemp number(5),totalsal number(10));


Table created.
SQL> desc srm_sal2;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------INAME
TOTALEMP
TOTALSAL

VARCHAR2(10)
NUMBER(5)
NUMBER(10)

SQL> create or replace trigger emptrig after insert on srm_emp2


for each row
declare
A varchar2(10);
begin
A:=:NEW.iname;
update srm_sal2 set
totalsal=totalsal+:new.salary,totalemp=totalemp+1 where
iname=A;
end;
/
OUTPUT:
Trigger created.
SQL> insert into srm_sal2 values('vec',0,0);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into srm_sal2 values('srm',0,0);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from srm_sal2;

INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
0
0
srm
0
0
SQL> insert into srm_emp2 values('srm',200,3000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from srm_sal2;
INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
0
0
srm
1
3000
SQL> insert into srm_emp2 values('vec',100,1000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from srm_sal2;
INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
1
1000
srm
1
3000
SQL> insert into srm_emp2 values('vec',100,5000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from srm_sal2;
INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
2
6000
srm
1
3000
SQL> insert into srm_emp2 values('vec',100,2000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from srm_sal2;
INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
3
8000
srm
1
3000
SQL> insert into srm_emp2 values('srm',200,8000);
1 row created.

SQL> select * from srm_sal2;


INAME
TOTALEMP TOTALSAL
---------- ---------- ---------vec
3
8000
srm
2 11000

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