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Nptel - Ac.in: Elementary Cascade Theory

The document discusses elementary cascade theory which is important for the design of highly efficient axial flow compressors and turbines. It defines a cascade as an array of aerofoil-section blades representing the blade ring of turbo machinery. Cascade tunnels are used to test the flow through a cascade by measuring pressure and velocity upstream and downstream as the cascade is rotated to change the incidence angle of the inflow. For a compressor cascade, the static pressure rises across the cascade due to the circulation and lift generated on the blades from the deflection of the flow.

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85 views3 pages

Nptel - Ac.in: Elementary Cascade Theory

The document discusses elementary cascade theory which is important for the design of highly efficient axial flow compressors and turbines. It defines a cascade as an array of aerofoil-section blades representing the blade ring of turbo machinery. Cascade tunnels are used to test the flow through a cascade by measuring pressure and velocity upstream and downstream as the cascade is rotated to change the incidence angle of the inflow. For a compressor cascade, the static pressure rises across the cascade due to the circulation and lift generated on the blades from the deflection of the flow.

Uploaded by

murjass85
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 11

Elementary Cascade Theory


The previous module dealt with the axial flow compressors, where all the analyses were based on the flow
conditions at inlet to and exit from the impeller following kinematics of flow expressed in terms of velocity
triangles. However, nothing has been mentioned about layout and design of blades, which are aerofoil sections.
In the development of the highly efcient modern axial flow compressor or turbine, the study of the twodimensional flow through a cascade of aerofoils has played an important part. An array of blades representing
the blade ring of an actual turbo machinery is called the cascade. Figure 11.1a shows a compressor blade
cascade tunnel. As the air stream is passed through the cascade, the direction of air is turned. Pressure and
velocity measurements are made at up and downstream of cascade as shown. The cascade is mounted on a
turn-table so that its angular direction relative to the direction of inflow can be changed, which enables tests to be
made for a range of incidence angle. As the flow passes through the cascade, it is deflected and there will be a
circulation and thus the lift generated will be
(Fig 11.1b & 11.1c).
is the mean velocity that makes an
angle

with the axial direction.

Figure 11.1a A Cascade Tunnel

Compressor cascade :
For a compressor cascade, the static pressure will rise across the cascade, i.e.

Figure 11.1b Compressor Cascade

C =chord of the blade


S = pitch

Figure 11.1c Velocity triangle


Circulation:

Lift =

Lift coefcient,

from velocity triangles,

where

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