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Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals: Advanced Digital Signal Processing

This document provides an overview of sampling of continuous-time signals including: 1) Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion involving sampling of a continuous-time signal xc(t) to create a discrete-time signal x[n]. 2) Periodic sampling in the time and frequency domains, and how undersampling can cause aliasing. 3) The Nyquist theorem regarding minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing.

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Muhammad Tariq Sadiq
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32 views

Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals: Advanced Digital Signal Processing

This document provides an overview of sampling of continuous-time signals including: 1) Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion involving sampling of a continuous-time signal xc(t) to create a discrete-time signal x[n]. 2) Periodic sampling in the time and frequency domains, and how undersampling can cause aliasing. 3) The Nyquist theorem regarding minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Tariq Sadiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Lecture 7

Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals

Dr. Tahir Zaidi

1. Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Sampling

A-to-D Conversion

xc (t )

D-to-A Conversion

x[n]

C
D

xc (nT )

DSP

y[n]
yr (nT )

yr (t )

D
C

Sampling

Periodic sampling

Periodic sampling: Time domain

Periodic sampling: Frequency domain

Periodic sampling: Frequency domain

Original signal

Aliased signal

xc (t ) cos 4000t

xc (t ) cos 1000t

2
3

1
0.5ms
2000

f0
signal

4
3

f0'
signal

1
2ms
500

Nyquist Theorem

Oversampling

Undersampling (Aliasing Distortion)

Reconstruction (Frequency Domain)

Nyquist Theorem

Band-limited interpolation

Reconstruction Time Domain

Band-limited interpolation

Ideal D/C and C/D

DT processing of continuous time signals

Downsampling in time-domain

decim

Downsampling

Downsampling
1

-WN
1/T

-2

-/2
1
MT

-3/2

Xc(jW)

WN
X (w)

/2

X d(w)

M=3

3/2 2

wWT

Sample the analog


bandlimited signal
every T time units
Downsampling by M
generates baseband
plus M-1 copies of
baseband per period of
frequency domain

wWT

Aliasing occurs: avoid aliasing by prefiltering with lowpass filter with gain of
1 and cutoff of /M to extract baseband

10

Downsampling in Frequency-domain

Aliasing and pre-filtering

11

Upsampling

Upsampling

12

Aliasing and pre-filtering

One-Dimensional Upsampling
1

-WN
1/T

-2

Xc(jW)

WN
X (w)

2
X u(w) = X(L w)

wWT

Sample the analog


bandlimited signal
every T time units
Upsampling by L gives
L images of baseband
per 2 period of w

1/T

-5/L -3/L

-/L

1/T = L/T

-2

-/L

/L
X i(w)

/L

3/L

wWT

2 wWT

Apply lowpass
interpolation filter
with gain of L and
cutoff of /L to
extract baseband
Fig. 3.22 Oppenheim &
Schafer, 1989.

13

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

14

Zero insertion

Zero insertion

15

Zero insertion

16

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