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Notes On Chapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium: Chem 100

This document summarizes key points about chemical equilibrium from Chapter 12. It discusses the three conditions required for a reaction, how reaction rates are measured, and factors that affect reaction rates like temperature and concentration. It also differentiates between irreversible, reversible, and equilibrium reactions. For reactions at equilibrium, it defines the equilibrium constant Kc as the ratio of products to reactants concentrations. Kc can be used to determine whether a reaction favors products or reactants. It provides an example of calculating Kc and determining the favored direction.

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56 views2 pages

Notes On Chapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium: Chem 100

This document summarizes key points about chemical equilibrium from Chapter 12. It discusses the three conditions required for a reaction, how reaction rates are measured, and factors that affect reaction rates like temperature and concentration. It also differentiates between irreversible, reversible, and equilibrium reactions. For reactions at equilibrium, it defines the equilibrium constant Kc as the ratio of products to reactants concentrations. Kc can be used to determine whether a reaction favors products or reactants. It provides an example of calculating Kc and determining the favored direction.

Uploaded by

usmanzubair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chem 100

Notes on Chapter 12: Chemical Equilibrium

1. For a reaction to occur 3 conditions must be met:


a. collision-reactants must collide so the molecules can make contact to react together.
b. orientation-reactants must align properly in order to existing break and form new bonds.
c. energy-the collision must provide sufficient energy to supply the energy of activation for the chemical
reaction (i.e. the energy required to break and form new bonds).
2. Reaction rates = speed of the reaction = change in concentration/change in time which can be measured in
terms of formation of product or loss of reactants over time.
Factors that affect the rate of reaction:
a. temperature- increase in temperature increases reaction rates
b. concentration- increase in the concentration of reactant(s) increases rates
c. catalyst = anything that speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering the energy of activation
for the reaction. The catalyst is not changed or used up during the chemical reaction.
3. Types of reactions:
a. irreversible reaction (forward direction only):

e.g. SSO32- (aq) + CN- (aq) SO32- (aq) + SCN- (aq)

b. reversible reaction:
e.g. N2 + O2 2NO which is equal to: N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g) and 2NO (g) N2 (g) +O2 (g)

At equilibrium: the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal


The concentration of each reactant and product does not change therefore, we can set
up an expression called an equilibrium constant (Kc) for the generalized chemical
reaction:
aA + bB cC + dD

where Kc = [products] = [C]c[D]d


[reactants] [A]a[B]b

Kc has no units even if the concentration of the chemical ([ ] ) are in M.


c. continued:
if Kc is LARGE i.e. [PRODUCTS]
[reactants]

then the reaction favors product formation when Kc > 1

if Kc is small i.e. ___[products]___


[REACTANTS]

then the reaction favors the reactants when Kc > 1

Write the chemical equilibrium constant, Kc, and its value for the equation: H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g)
If the [H2] = 0.10 M, [I2] = 0.20 M, and [HI] = 1.04 M

What is the chemical equation that would give the following equilibrium constant?

Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction:


When [NH3] = 0.040 M; [N2] = 0.20 M; [H2] = 0.60 M

Kc = __[NO2] 2__
[NO] 2[O2]

2NH3 (g) 3H2 (g) + N2 (g)

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