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Partial Derivatives

This document discusses partial derivatives. It provides examples of how to find first and second order partial derivatives. Specifically, it shows how to: 1) Find the partial derivatives of a function with respect to variables x, y, and z by treating other variables as constants; 2) Calculate marginal productivities from a production function; and 3) Define and evaluate four second-order partial derivatives of a function in two variables.

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493 views15 pages

Partial Derivatives

This document discusses partial derivatives. It provides examples of how to find first and second order partial derivatives. Specifically, it shows how to: 1) Find the partial derivatives of a function with respect to variables x, y, and z by treating other variables as constants; 2) Calculate marginal productivities from a production function; and 3) Define and evaluate four second-order partial derivatives of a function in two variables.

Uploaded by

Afriansyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Partial Derivatives

Find the partial derivatives of a given function.


Evaluate partial derivatives.
Find the four second-order partial derivatives of
a function in two variables.

Example 1: For
find

w x 2 xy y 2 2yz 2z 2 z,

w w
w
,
, and
.
x
y
z

In order to find w x , we regard x as the


variable and y and z as constants.

w
2x y
x

Example 1 (cont.):

w x xy y 2yz 2z z,
2

and

w
y

x 2y 2z

w
z

2y 4z 1

Example 2:
For

f (x, y) 3x y xy, findfx andfy .


2

fx 6xy y

Treating y as a constant

fy 3x x

Treating x2 and x as a constants

Example 3:
For

f (x, y) e y ln x, findf x andf y .


xy

fx

fy

1
ye y
x
y
xy
ye
x
xy

x e 1 ln x
xy
xe ln x
xy

Example 4: A cellular phone company


has the following production function for a
2 3 13
certain product: p(x, y) 50x y ,
where p is the number of units produced with
x units of labor and y units of capital.
a) Find the number of units produced with
125 units of labor and 64 units of capital.
b) Find the marginal productivities.
c) Evaluate the marginal productivities at
x = 125
and y = 64.

Example 4 (cont.):

a)p(125,64) 50(125) (64)

5000units
2 3

13

b)MarginalProductivityofLabor
p

px
x
13
2 1 3 1 3 100y
50 x y
13
3
3x

50(25)(4)

Example 4 (cont.):

MarginalProductivityofCapital
p

py
y
2 3

1 2 3 2 3 50x
50 x y
2 3
3
3y

Example 4 (cont.):

c)MarginalProductivityofLabor
px 125, 64
100 64

13

3125

100 4

3 5
2
26
3

13

Example 4 (cont.):

MarginalProductivityofCapital
py 125, 64
50 125

2 3

364

50 25

316
1
26
24

2 3

DEFINITION:
Second-Order Partial Derivatives
2 z
2 f
2 z 2 f
1.

2 2 fxx
xx xx x
x

z
f

fxy
yx yx
2

2.

Takethepartialwith
respecttox,andthen
withrespecttoxagain.
Takethepartialwith
respecttox,andthen
withrespecttoy.

DEFINITION (cont.):

2 z
2 f

fyx
xy xy

3.

z
f
z f
4.

2 2 fyy
yy yy y
y
2

Takethepartialwith
respecttoy,andthen
withrespecttox.
Takethepartialwith
respecttoy,andthen
withrespecttoyagain.

Example 5: For
2 3
4
y
z f (x, y) x y x y xe ,
find the four second-order partial derivatives.

2 f
a) 2
x
f
b)
yx
2

fxx

fxy

3
3
y
(2xy 4 x y e )
x
2y 3 12x 2 y

(2xy 3 4x 3 y e y )
y
6xy 2 4 x 3 e y

Example 5 (cont.):

z f (x, y) x y x y xe
2

2 f
c)
xy

fyx

f
d) 2
y
2

fyy

2 2
4
y
(3x y x xe )
x
2
3
y
6xy 4x e

2 2
4
y
(3x y x xe )
y
2
y
6x y xe

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