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    History of Forensics

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    Forensic science is the application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations. It involves using scientific techniques to examine physical evidence in order to establish facts in criminal or civil courts of law. Some key areas of forensic science include fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, toxicology, pathology, digital forensics, and document examination. The history of forensic science dates back centuries, with early examples including using fingerprints in China in the 3rd century BC and the first use of physical evidence to solve a crime in 1786. Modern forensic science developed over the 19th and 20th centuries, with important milestones like the use of fingerprinting by British and American police forces beginning in the 1880s and the development of DNA fingerprinting

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    History of Forensics

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    Forensic science is the application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations. It involves using scientific techniques to examine physical evidence in order to establish facts in criminal or civil courts of law. Some key areas of forensic science include fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, toxicology, pathology, digital forensics, and document examination. The history of forensic science dates back centuries, with early examples including using fingerprints in China in the 3rd century BC and the first use of physical evidence to solve a crime in 1786. Modern forensic science developed over the 19th and 20th centuries, with important milestones like the use of fingerprinting by British and American police forces beginning in the 1880s and the development of DNA fingerprinting

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    Forensic science is the application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations. It involves using scientific techniques to examine physical evidence in order to establish facts in criminal or civil courts of law. Some key areas of forensic science include fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, toxicology, pathology, digital forensics, and document examination. The history of forensic science dates back centuries, with early examples including using fingerprints in China in the 3rd century BC and the first use of physical evidence to solve a crime in 1786. Modern forensic science developed over the 19th and 20th centuries, with important milestones like the use of fingerprinting by British and American police forces beginning in the 1880s and the development of DNA fingerprinting

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    71 views33 pages

    History of Forensics

    Uploaded by

    api-294162496
    Forensic science is the application of scientific knowledge and methodology to legal problems and criminal investigations. It involves using scientific techniques to examine physical evidence in order to establish facts in criminal or civil courts of law. Some key areas of forensic science include fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, toxicology, pathology, digital forensics, and document examination. The history of forensic science dates back centuries, with early examples including using fingerprints in China in the 3rd century BC and the first use of physical evidence to solve a crime in 1786. Modern forensic science developed over the 19th and 20th centuries, with important milestones like the use of fingerprinting by British and American police forces beginning in the 1880s and the development of DNA fingerprinting

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    of 33

    Intro to Forensic Science

    Ms. Clark
    PVMHS

    What is Forensic Science?

    What is Forensic Science?


    FORENSIC derives from the Latin
    word Forensis which means of the
    forum
    An open area where scholars would
    debate
    Crimes were solved by debate

    What is Forensic Science?


    The application of scientific
    knowledge and methodology to legal
    problems and criminal
    investigations.

    Forensic Science Careers


    Criminologist: Detectives that study physical evidence to link it to suspects
    Digital/Multimedia Scientist: Assist in collecting & analyzing digital evidence
    Toxicologist: Determine any substances in a victims or suspects system
    Engineering Scientist: Analyze accidents and crime scenes to determine how, when,
    and why things happened
    Odontologist: Identify remains, usually using dental remains, and assist with
    determining cause/time of death
    Medical Examiner: Perform autopsies and assist with determining cause/time of death
    Anthropologist: Study the bones of a victim and assist with determining cause/time or
    death
    Entomologist: Study insect evidence and assist with determining time of death
    Psychologist: Understand a victim or suspect from a mental health standpoint
    Document Expert: Answer questions regarding documents, such as whether or not a
    signature is real and if a document has been altered

    An abbreviated
    history of Forensics

    rd

    Century BC

    Chinese use fingerprints to sign


    contracts or as a signature on letters.

    They were also used to sign art &


    literature.

    1686
    Marcello Malpighi
    describes the
    characteristics of
    fingerprints ridges,
    spirals, loops

    1786
    One of the first recorded instances of
    physical evidence used to solve a crime.
    Paper that was used to wrap a murder
    weapon, was also found in the pocket of
    John Toms, who was subsequently
    convicted of murder.

    1880
    Henry Faulds, a Scottish
    physician, was the first scientist to
    publish a report suggesting
    fingerprints can be used to
    identify criminals. While
    working in Japan he used
    fingerprints to clear an innocent
    man of burglary.

    1883

    Alphonse
    Bertillon, a police
    officer and
    statistician,
    invented a system
    of body
    measurements that
    was used to
    identify criminals.

    Anthropometry

    1889
    Alexandre Lacassagne, a French
    physician and criminologist,
    founded the Lacassagne school
    of criminology in Lyon.
    Edmund Locard worked as his
    assistant.
    Was the first to use the grooves
    on a bullet to match it to a gun.

    1893

    Hans Gross, an Austrian criminologist,


    publishes the first book on criminal
    investigation.

    1901
    Sir Edward Henry
    established the first
    fingerprint classification
    system in Britain.
    Also credited with
    introducing police dogs
    to the London police
    force.

    1903
    First official use of fingerprints in
    the United States (New York City
    Civil Service Commission).

    1905

    President Theodore Roosevelt establishes


    the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

    1910

    Edmond Locard establishes the first police


    crime lab. Formulated Locards exchange
    principle the basic principle of forensic
    science, every contact leaves a trace.

    1916
    Detective Albert Schneider if the first
    scientist to use a vacuum tool to collect
    trace evidence.

    1921
    John Larson and Leonard Keeler
    develop the first polygraph machine

    192
    4
    First US Crime lab established in Los
    Angeles, California.

    1924
    FBI consolidates over 800,000
    fingerprint files from across the United
    States.

    1948
    America Association of Forensic Sciences
    (A.A.F.S.) is founded in Chicago.

    1974

    Electron microscope technique for the


    detecting of gun shot residue is developed
    at Aerospace Corporation.

    1975
    The FBI introduces the Automated
    Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS).
    This system allows the computerized
    scan of fingerprints.

    1977
    Latent fingerprints are developed using
    superglue for the first time.

    1986
    Sir Alec Jeffreys, a British geneticist,
    develops DNA fingerprinting.

    1987
    The first use of DNA
    fingerprinting in
    England leads to the
    conviction of Colin
    Pitchford on charges
    of murder.
    The first use of DNA fingerprinting in the US
    leads to the conviction of Tommy Lee
    Andrews, in Orlando, Florida, on charges of
    rape and burglary.

    1992: the Innocence


    Project

    The goal of the Innocence Project is to


    exonerate persons who have been
    wrongfully convicted of a crime.

    Barry Scheck & Peter Neufeld

    1998
    National Data Index System - FBI
    database linking DNA data throughout the
    United States.

    CODIS
    encompasses
    all databases

    2008
    Footwear Intelligence Technology is
    developed in the UK; its the first footwear
    coding system & database.

    Any questions?

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