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Lasers 01

The document discusses key aspects of lasers including resonant frequencies, lasing conditions, rate equations, and efficiency. Resonant frequencies are defined by the cavity length and refractive index, forming standing waves at discrete frequencies. Lasing occurs when the gain exceeds losses. Rate equations describe the behavior of electrons and photons in the active layer. Efficiency is measured by the ratio of increased photon output to injected electrons or the slope of the output characteristics curve.

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57 views9 pages

Lasers 01

The document discusses key aspects of lasers including resonant frequencies, lasing conditions, rate equations, and efficiency. Resonant frequencies are defined by the cavity length and refractive index, forming standing waves at discrete frequencies. Lasing occurs when the gain exceeds losses. Rate equations describe the behavior of electrons and photons in the active layer. Efficiency is measured by the ratio of increased photon output to injected electrons or the slope of the output characteristics curve.

Uploaded by

AntaripaBhuyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lasers

(7th October 2014)

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Contents

Resonant Frequencies
Lasing Conditions
Rate equations
Efficiency

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Resonant Frequencies (1/4)


Forms a resonant cavity.
PI exists in the amplifying medium.
Radiation builds up and becomes
established as standing waves
between the mirrors.
These standing waves exists only at
frequencies for which the distance
between the mirror is an integral
number of half wavelengths.

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Resonant Frequencies (2/4)


The resonant condition along the axis of the cavity is: L=q/2n
-------- (1)
(:emission wavelength, n: RI of the amplifying medium, q:integer, L: spacing between
the mirrors)

Discrete emission frequencies f defined by f = qc/2nL


-------- (2)
(The frequencies represents longitudinal modes or axial modes as
L is along the longitudinal axis of the structure (Fig: 1))
c: velocity of light

q: determines different oscillation frequencies and each constitutes a resonance


or mode.

The modes are separated by f=(c/2nL)


07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

-------- (3)
4

Resonant Frequencies (3/4)


The mode separation in terms of free space wavelength
assuming f << f is: = f/f = 2/c f -------- (4)
= 2/2nL (after subs. 3 into 4)

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

-------- (5)

Resonant Frequencies (4/4)


Large number of modes generated
(Fig. a).
The spectral output defined by the
gain curve (Fig. b).
Laser emission includes only the
longitudinal modes contained
within the spectral width of the
gain curve.

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Threshold condition for laser oscillation (Lasing conditions)

Please refer notes

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Rate equations
Describes the behavior of the semiconductor laser for
electrons and photon density in the active layer of the device.
Gives an understanding of laser electrical and optical
performance characteristics.
Represents an average behavior for the active medium within
the laser cavity.
Used to study both the steady and transient state behavior of
the semiconductor laser (more concerned with the steady
state)
Please refer notes (for the remaining)

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

Efficiency
Defines the operational efficiency of the semiconductor
laser.
Can be defined: Differential external quantum efficiency.
Ratio of the increase in photon output rate for a given
increase in the no. of injected electrons.
Gives a measure of the rate of change of the optical
output power with current and hence, the slope of the
output characteristics (Slope quantum efficiency)
Please refer notes (for the remaining)

07-Oct-14

SETAM (OFC / 7th Semester)

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