Unit 5 Vocabulary

Additive Color Model

is when you combine all the colors (RGB) of light and the result is white light (i.e. TV and
computer monitors).
AVI
-- AVI stands for
A
udio
V
ideo
I
nterleave as defined by
Microsoft
. It is a special case of the RIFF (Resource
Interchange File Format). AVI is the most common format for audio/video data on the PC
Bitmap
is a digital image composed of rasters or rows of pixels. Bitmapped images may be saved as different files
types (JPG, BMP, GIF, TIFF)
Black
-- Black results when mixing the three primary pigment colors (inkjet printer). Most inkjet printers also have
a black pigment because black is used more frequently and black pigment is less expensive then the color pigment.
BMP
-- The standard
Windows
image format.
Border
is an area, usually around an image, where a specific color or texture has been assigned; resembling a
frame.
Brightness --
Adjusts the latitude between black and white.
Color Depth
-- The amount of color information contained in each pixel; 1 bit color depth is black and white; 8 bit
grayscale has 256 shades of gray; 8 bit color depth has 256 different colors; 24 bit color depth has over 16 million
different colors.
Color Mixer
is a software term for the process of blending and combining colors.
Color Scheme --
A preset or user defined set of colors.
Compression
-- Uncompressed bitmap files can be huge, so you will likely want to choose a format that supports
compression. Compression can be
lossless
, in which all of the information in the original bitmap is retained, or
lossy
, in which some information (subtle color shifts, for example) is discarded to obtain a smaller file size.
Continuous Tone Image
is another name for a photograph (Contone).
Contrast --
Increases or decreases all color components (red, green, and blue).
Crop tool --
A slicing tool used to select an area of interest of an image.
CYMK
-- Cyan, Yellow, Magenta and Black; usually refers to the pigments used in an inkjet or laser printer. Part of
the Subtractive color model.
Cyan, Magenta and Yellow
-- Three primary colors of
pigment
(inkjet/laser Printers).

Digital Images --
composed of pixels arranged in rows and columns; bitmapped (raster) images.
Feathering --
The gradual blending of pixels between a selection or an object and the surrounding background.
Feathering produces a softer, more natural-looking edge.
Font --
A particular shape or pattern assigned to text.
GIF
-- (Graphic Interchange File) is the oldest Web-friendly graphic format. GIFs are recognized by all graphical
Web browsers, provide good compression (LZW), but support only up to 256 colors. GIF is a safe choice for any
Web images but is better for drawings or illustrations. Photographs suffer in GIF format. Additionally, GIF support
of rudimentary animation and transparency makes GIFs quite popular for special effects on the Web.
Gradient fill
is an effect created by blending one color or transparency value into another through a series of
intermediate steps.
8
Grayscale
is a color palette with 256 different shades of black, gray and white. Grayscale has a color depth of 2
power or 256 combinations; sometimes referred to as 8-bit grayscale.

Guideline
is a lined pulled down from a ruler to help with alignment.
Hue
is the dominant wavelength that defines a color (i.e. red or orange, etc.).
HSV
-- Hue, Saturation and Value
JPEG
-- (Joint Photographic Experts Group) graphics are widely supported on the Web and are a good choice for
photographs (contentious tone images). JPEG or JPG images support millions of colors and can be compressed to
be quite small. However, since the lossy data is lost, compression makes JPG files a poor choice for archiving or any
other applications in which you might later need the full image quality. If you need a JPG image (likely for the Web
or for email), maintain a backup copy in a format like PNG or TIFF and save a copy as JPG when you need it.
Lasso tool --
A tool used to manually select around an object.
Lossless Compression
-- In lossless compression, every single bit of data that was originally in the file remains
after the file is uncompressed. All of the information is completely restored. This is generally the technique of
choice for text or spreadsheet files, where losing words or financial data could pose a problem. The Graphics
Interchange File GIF is an image format used on the Web that provides lossless compression.
Lossy Compression
-- lossy compression reduces a file by permanently eliminating certain information, especially
redundant information. When the file is uncompressed, only a part of the original information is still there (although
the user may not notice it). Lossy compression is generally used for video and sound, where a certain amount of
information loss will not be detected by most users. The JPEG image file, commonly used for photographs and
other complex still images on the Web, is an image that has lossy compression. Using JPEG compression, the
creator can decide how much loss to introduce and make a trade-off between file size and image quality.

Magic wand tool --

A tool used to automatically select around an object. The magic wand tool works best if there
is a large contrast or color difference around the edge of the object.
Marquee
is a dashed outline (called marching ants) that surrounds an editable area or an object in an image.
PNG
-- (Portable Network Graphics, pronounced ping as in ping-pong) is a file format for image compression that,
in time, is expected to replace the Graphics Interchange Format GIF that is widely used on today's Internet.
Pixel
-- (a word invented from "picture element") is the basic unit of programmable color on a computer display or
in a computer image. Think of it as a logical - rather than a physical - unit. The physical size of a pixel depends on
how you've set the resolution for the display screen
Red, Green, Blue
-- (RGB) the three primary colors of light (TV screen).
Saturation
-- (H
S
V) the amount of a specific color (Hue) used.
Subtractive Color Process
-- When you remove or omit all of the colors (CMY), the result is white. This occurs
with inkjet printing. If you do not spray pigment on the paper, you get a white area the printer does not spray
white pigment.
Three Dimensional (3D) Computer Graphics
-- 3D computer graphics are distinct from 2D computer graphics
in that a three-dimensional virtual representation of objects is stored in the computer for the purposes of
performing calculations and
rendering images
. In general, the art of 3D graphics is akin to sculpting or
photography, while the art of 2D graphics is analogous to painting. In computer graphics software, this distinction
is occasionally blurred; some 2D applications use 3D techniques to achieve certain effects such as lighting, while
some primarily 3D applications make use of 2D visual techniques.
TIFF (TIF)
-- TIFF files are not Web-friendly, can be compressed in several ways (but need not be), support any
color depth you choose, and are widely recognized. These files can be very large. Satellite and medical images are
often saved as uncompressed TIFF files because the pixel values represent some other date such as temperature or
location of tumors.
Two Dimensional Computer Graphics
-- In 2D computer graphics, the computer screen may be considered as a
canvas on which an image is drawn or composed. Several techniques exist for rendering 2D graphics on a
computer screen; these may be broadly categorized into raster graphics in which a rectangular array of pixels is
drawn to the screen and vector graphics in which images are composed of mathematical representations of lines,
curves, and other geometric shapes. 2D computer graphics typically do not involve the need for any kind of
three-dimensional internal representation of objects or lighting characteristics in the computer as found in 3D
computer graphics.
Uniform fill --
adding a solid color to a specific area (using the bucket tool)
Value
-- (HS
V
) refers to how light or dark a color appears (how much black or white is in a color).

Vector Graphic
-- 2D or 3D graphics created by the software using Vectors (math equations) rather than Pixels
or Dots. Vector graphics can be scaled, resized, modified and enlarged without any loss of quality. In order to use
Vector graphics in most other applications (MS Word, PowerPoint, etc.) the graphic must be exported as a
bitmapped image.
Visible Light
-- wavelengths of light between 400 to 700 nanometers (nm) and have color
WAV
-- an audio file format, created by Microsoft, that has become a standard PC audio file format for everything
from system and game sounds to CD-quality audio. A Wave file is identified by a file name extension of WAV
(.wav).
White
the result of mixing the three primary colors of light
24
24 bit color depth
-- 2
power or 16,700,000 different colors; True Color