MC44608

Few External Components

Reliable and Flexible
GreenLine Very High Voltage
PWM Controller
The MC44608 is a high performance voltage mode controller
designed for offline converters. This high voltage circuit that
integrates the startup current source and the oscillator capacitor,
requires few external components while offering a high flexibility and
reliability.
The device also features a very high efficiency standby
management consisting of an effective Pulsed Mode operation. This
technique enables the reduction of the standby power consumption to
approximately 1W while delivering 300mW in a 150W SMPS.
Integrated StartUp Current Source
Lossless OffLine StartUp
Direct OffLine Operation
Fast StartUp

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8
1
DIP8
P SUFFIX
CASE 626

PIN CONNECTIONS AND

MARKING DIAGRAM

General Features

Flexibility
Duty Cycle Control
Undervoltage Lockout with Hysteresis
On Chip Oscillator Switching Frequency 40, or 75kHz
Secondary Control with Few External Components

Demag

Isense

Control Input

Gnd

44608Pxxx
AWL
YYWW

Vi

Vcc

Driver

Protections

AWL = Manufacturing Code

YYWW = Date Code

Maximum Duty Cycle Limitation

Cycle by Cycle Current Limitation
Demagnetization (Zero Current Detection) Protection
Over VCC Protection Against Open Loop

(Top View)

Programmable Low Inertia Over Voltage Protection Against Open Loop

Internal Thermal Protection

GreenLine Controller

Pulsed Mode Techniques for a Very High Efficiency Low Power

Mode
Lossless Startup
Low dV/dT for Low EMI Radiations

Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 1999

January, 2000 Rev. 2

ORDERING INFORMATION
Device

Switching Package
Frequency

Shipping

MC44608P40

40kHz

Plastic
DIP8

50 / Rail

MC44608P75

75kHz

Plastic
DIP8

50 / Rail

Publication Order Number:

MC44608/D

MC44608
REPRESENTATIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
Demag

Vi

1
DMG

8
UVLO2

50 mV
/20 mV

>24 mA

>120 m A

9 mA

Startup
Source

Latched off Phase

Demag
Logic

Startup Phase

Output
Startup
Phase
200 m A Switching
Phase
0

&
OSC
Enable

Standby
Management

Leading Edge
Blanking

Output

2
Isense

&

&

5
Driver
4

VPWM

+
CS

1V

Buffer

Thermal
S
Shutdown
PWM
Latch
R Q

&
PWM

OC NOC

V CC

OUT Disable
DMG

Clock
OSC

OVP
UVLO1
UVLO2

2 mS

Startup
Phase

S1
&
Standby

Switching Phase

Latched off
Phase

V CC
Management

4 kHz Filter

GND
Latched off Phase
&
Standby
S2
S3
Regulation
Block
Switching Phase

3
Control
Input

MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating

Symbol

Value

Unit

Total Power Supply Current

ICC

30

mA

Output Supply Voltage with Respect to Ground

VCC

16

Vinputs

1.0 to +16

Vi

500

600
100

mW
C/W

Operating Junction Temperature

PD
RJA
TJ

150

Operating Ambient Temperature

TA

25 to +85

All Inputs except Vi

Line Voltage
Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics
Maximum Power Dissipation at TA = 85C
Thermal Resistance, JunctiontoAir

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MC44608
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Characteristic

Symbol

Min

Typ

Max

ROL
ROH

5.0

8.5
15

15

OUTPUT SECTION

Unit

Output Resistor
Sink Resistance
Source Resistance
Output Voltage Rise Time (from 3 V up to 9 V) (1)

tr

50

ns

Output Voltage Falling Edge SlewRate (from 9 V down to 3 V) (1)

tf

50

ns

CONTROL INPUT SECTION

Duty Cycle @ Ipin3 = 2.5 mA

d2mA

Duty Cycle @ Ipin3 = 1.0 mA

d1mA

Control Input Clamp Voltage (Switching Phase) @ Ipin3 = 1.0 mA

2.0

36

43

48

4.75

5.0

5.25

Latched Phase Control Input Voltage (Standby) @ Ipin3 = +500 mA

VLPstby

3.4

3.9

4.3

Latched Phase Control Input Voltage (Standby) @ Ipin3 = +1.0 mA

VLPstby

2.4

3.0

3.7

VCSth

0.95

1.0

1.05

IBcs

1.8

ICSstby

180

200

220

ICSstup

180

200

220

CURRENT SENSE SECTION

Maximum Current Sense Input Threshold
Input Bias Current
StandBy Current Sense Input Current
Startup Phase Current Sense Input Current
Propagation Delay (Current Sense Input to Output @ VTH T MOS = 3 V)

1.8

mA
mA
mA

TPLH(In/Out)

220

ns

Leading Edge Blanking Duration

MC44608P40

TLEB

480

ns

Leading Edge Blanking Duration

MC44608P75

TLEB

250

ns

Leading Edge Blanking Duration

MC44608P100

TLEB

200

ns

Leading Edge Blanking + Propagation Delay

MC44608P40

TDLY

500

680

900

ns

Leading Edge Blanking + Propagation Delay

MC44608P75

TDLY

370

470

570

ns

Leading Edge Blanking + Propagation Delay

MC44608P100

TDLY

400

ns

OSCILLATOR SECTION
Normal Operation Frequency MC44608P40

fosc

36

Normal Operation Frequency MC44608P75

fosc

68

Normal Operation Frequency MC44608P100

fosc

Maximum Duty Cycle @ f = fosc

dmax

40

44

kHz

75

82

kHz

100
78

82

kHz
86

OVERVOLTAGE SECTION

Quick OVP Input Filtering (Rdemag = 100 kW)

Tfilt

Propagation Delay (Idemag > Iovp to output low)

250

TPHL(In/Out)

Quick OVP Current Threshold

Protection Threshold Level on VCC
Minimum Gap Between VCCOVP and Vstupth

2.0

IOVP

105

120

140

VCCOVP

14.8

15.3

15.8

VCCOVP
Vstup

1.0

NOTES:
(1) This parameter is measured using 1.0 nF connected between the output and the ground.

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ns

MC44608
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 12 V, for typical values TA = 25C, for min/max values TA = 25C to +85C unless otherwise
noted) (Note 1)
Characteristic

Symbol

Min

Typ

Max

Unit

Vdmgth

30

50

69

mV

DEMAGNETIZATION DETECTION SECTION (Note 2)

Demag Comparator Threshold (Vpin1 increasing)
Demag Comparator Hysteresis (Note 3)

Hdmg

Propagation Delay (Input to Output, Low to High)

30

tPHL(In/Out)

Input Bias Current (Vdemag = 50 mV)

mV

300

ns

mA

Idemlb

0.6

Negative Clamp Level (Idemag = 1 mA)

Vclnegdem

0.9

0.7

0.4

Positive Clamp Level @ Idemag = 125 mA

Vclpos
demH

2.05

2.3

2.8

Positive Clamp Level @ Idemag = 25 mA

Vclpos
demL

1.4

1.7

1.9

OVERTEMPERATURE SECTION
Trip Level Over Temperature

Thigh

160

Hysteresis

Thyst

30

STANDBY MAXIMUM CURRENT REDUCTION SECTION

Normal Mode Recovery Demag Pin Current Threshold

IdemNM

20

25

30

mA

K FACTORS SECTION FOR PULSED MODE OPERATION

ICCS / Istup

MC44608P40

10 x K1

2.4

2.9

3.8

ICCS / Istup

MC44608P75

10 x K1

2.8

3.3

4.2

MC44608P100

10 x K1

ICCS / Istup

3.5

103 x K2

46

52

63

(Vstup UVLO2) / (Vstup UVLO1)

102 x Ksstup

1.8

2.2

2.6

(UVLO1 UVLO2) / (Vstup UVLO1)

102 x Ksl
106 x Ycstby

90

120

150

175

198

225

Dmgr

3.0

4.7

5.5

ICCL / Istup

ICS / Vcsth
Demag ratio Iovp / Idem NM
(V3 1 mA V3 0.5 mA) / (1 mA 0.5 mA)

R3

1800

Vcontrol Latchoff

V3

4.8

SUPPLY SECTION
Minimum Startup Voltage

Vilow

VCC Startup Voltage

Output Disabling VCC Voltage After Turn On
Hysteresis (Vstupth Vuvlo1)

Vstupth

12.5

Vuvlo1

9.5

Hstupuvlo1

VCC Undervoltage Lockout Voltage

Vuvlo2

Hysteresis (Vuvlo1 Vuvlo2)

50

13.1

13.8

10

10.5

3.1
6.2

Huvlo1uvlo2

6.6

V
7.0

3.4

V
V

Absolute Normal Condition VCC Start Current @ (Vi = 100 V) and

(VCC = 9 V)

(ICC)

7.0

9.5

12.8

mA

Switching Phase Supply Current (no load)

ICCS

2.0
2.4

2.6
3.2
3.4

3.6
4.0

mA

ICClatch

0.3

0.5

0.68

mA

MC44608P40
MC44608P75
MC44608P100

Latched Off Phase Supply Current

dHiccup

Hiccup Mode Duty Cycle (no load)

10

NOTES:
(1) Adjust VCC above the startup threshold before setting to 12 V. Low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction
temperature as close to ambient as possible.
(2) This function can be inhibited by connecting pin 1 to GND.
(3) Guaranteed by design (non tested)

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MC44608
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin

Name

Description

Demag

The Demag pin offers 3 different functions: Zero voltage crossing detection (50mV), 24A current detection
and 120A current detection. The 24A level is used to detect the secondary reconfiguration status and the
120A level to detect an Over Voltage status called Quick OVP.

Isense

The Current Sense pin senses the voltage developed on the series resistor inserted in the source of the
power MOSFET. When Isense reaches 1V, the Driver output (pin 5) is disabled. This is known as the Over
Current Protection function. A 200A current source is flowing out of the pin 3 during the startup phase and
during the switching phase in case of the Pulsed Mode of operation. A resistor can be inserted between the
sense resistor and the pin 3, thus a programmable peak current detection can be performed during the SMPS
standby mode.

Control Input

A feedback current from the secondary side of the SMPS via the optocoupler is injected into this pin. A
resistor can be connected between this pin and GND to allow the programming of the Burst duty cycle during
the Standby mode.

Ground

Driver

The current and slew rate capability of this pin are suited to drive Power MOSFETs.

VCC

This pin is the positive supply of the IC. The driver output gets disabled when the voltage becomes higher
than 15V and the operating range is between 6.6V and 13V. An intermediate voltage level of 10V creates a
disabling condition called Latched Off phase.

This pin is the ground of the primary side of the SMPS.

This pin is to provide isolation between the Vi pin 8 and the VCC pin 6.

Vi

This pin can be directly connected to a 500V voltage source for startup function of the IC. During the
Startup phase a 9 mA current source is internally delivered to the VCC pin 6 allowing a rapid charge of the
VCC capacitor. As soon as the IC startsup, this current source is disabled.

OPERATING DESCRIPTION
Regulation

The switch S3 is closed in Standby mode during the

Latched Off Phase while the switch S2 remains open. (See
section PULSED MODE DUTY CYCLE CONTROL).
The resistor Rdpulsed (Rduty cycle burst) has no effect on
the regulation process. This resistor is used to determine the
burst duty cycle described in the chapter Pulsed Duty Cycle
Control on page 8.

V LPstby

V CC
Control
Input

1
S3

1
S2

Standby
Latched off Phase

&

20 W
5V

Switching Phase

PWM Latch

V dd

The MC44608 works in voltage mode. The ontime is

controlled by the PWM comparator that compares the
oscillator sawtooth with the regulation block output (refer to
the block diagram on page 2).
The PWM latch is initialized by the oscillator and is reset
by the PWM comparator or by the current sense comparator
in case of an over current. This configuration ensures that
only a single pulse appears at the circuit output during an
oscillator cycle.

PWM
Regulation Comparator
Output
4 kHz
Filter
1.6 V

Figure 1. Regulator

Current Sense

The pin 3 senses the feedback current provided by the opto

coupler. During the switching phase the switch S2 is closed
and the shunt regulator is accessible by the pin 3. The shunt
regulator voltage is typically 5V. The dynamic resistance of
the shunt regulator represented by the zener diode is 20W.
The gain of the Control input is given on Figure 10 which
shows the duty cycle as a function of the current injected into
the pin 3.
A 4kHz filter network is inserted between the shunt
regulator and the PWM comparator to cancel the high
frequency residual noise.

The inductor current is converted to a positive voltage by

inserting a ground reference sense resistor RSense in series
with the power switch.
The maximum current sense threshold is fixed at 1V. The
peak current is given by the following equation:
Ipk max

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5

1
+ Rsense
(A)
(W )

MC44608
Oscillator Buffer Output

In standby mode, this current can be lowered as due to the

activation of a 200A current source:
cs(kW) 0, 2) (A)
Ipk
+ * (RRsense
max *stby
(W )

R Q
DMG
S

Demag

200 m A
1

DMG
STANDBY

&

&

50/20 mV
> 24 m A
>120 m A

STARTUP

Idemag

Switching Phase

Idemag

Current Mirror

Isense
Rcs

L.E.B.

Overcurrent
Comparator
+

Figure 3. Demagnetization Block

OC

This function can be inhibited by grounding it but in this

case, the quick and programmable OVP is also disabled.

Rsense

1V

Oscillator

The MC44608 contains a fixed frequency oscillator. It is

built around a fixed value capacitor CT succesively charged
and discharged by two distinct current sources ICH and
IDCH. The window comparator senses the CT voltage value
and activates the sources when the voltage is reaching the
2.4V/4V levels.

Figure 2. Current Sense

The current sense input consists of a filter (6kW, 4pF) and

of a leading edge blanking. Thanks to that, this pin is not
sensitive to the power switch turn on noise and spikes and
practically in most applications, no filtering network is
required to sense the current.
Finally, this pin is used:
as a protection against over currents (Isense > I)
as a reduction of the peak current during a Pulsed Mode
switching phase.
The overcurrent propagation delay is reduced by
producing a sharp output turn off (high slew rate). This
results in an abrupt output turn off in the event of an over
current and in the majority of the pulsed mode switching
sequense.

ICH
DMG
from Demag
logic block

OSC

SCH

&

4V
2.4 V

Window
+ comp

Clock

SDCH
IDCH

CT

Demagnetization Section

The MC44608 demagnetization detection consists of a

comparator designed to compare the VCC winding voltage
to a reference that is typically equal to 50mV.
This reference is chosen low to increase effectiveness of
the demagnetization detection even during startup.
A latch is incorporated to turn the demagnetization block
output into a low level as soon as a voltage less than 50 mV
is detected, and to keep it in this state until a new pulse is
generated on the output. This avoids any ringing on the input
signal which may alter the demagnetization detection.
For a higher safety, the demagnetization block output is
also directly connected to the output, which is disabled
during the demagnetization phase.
The demagnetization pin is also used for the quick,
programmable OVP. In fact, the demagnetization input
current is sensed so that the circuit output is latched off when
this current is detected as higher than 120A.

Figure 4. Oscillator Block

The complete demagnetization status DMG is used to

inhibit the recharge of the CT capacitor. Thus in case of
incomplete transformer demagnetization the next switching
cycle is postpone until the DMG signal appears. The
oscillator remains at 2.4V corresponding to the sawtooth
valley voltage. In this way the SMPS is working in the so
called SOPS mode (Self Oscillating Power Supply). In that
case the effective switching frequency is variable and no
longer depends on the oscillator timing but on the external
working conditions (Refer to DMG signal in the Figure 5).

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MC44608
OSC
4V

CC

13 V

Vcont
2.4 V

10 V

Clock

6.5 V

DMG

Startup
Phase

Latched off
Phase

Switching
Phase

Iprim

Figure 6. Hiccup Mode

Figure 5.

In case of the hiccup mode, the duty cycle of the switching

phase is in the range of 10%.

The OSC and Clock signals are provided according to the

Figure 5. The Clock signals correspond to the CT capacitor
discharge. The bottom curve represents the current flowing
in the sense resistor Rcs. It starts from zero and stops when
the sawtooth value is equal to the control voltage Vcont. In
this way the SMPS is regulated with a voltage mode control.

Mode Transition

The LW latch Figure 7 is the memory of the working status

at the end of every switching sequence.
Two different cases must be considered for the logic at the
termination of the SWITCHING PHASE:
1. No Over Current was observed
2. An Over Current was observed
These 2 cases are corresponding to the signal labelled
NOC in case of No Over Current and OC in case of Over
Current. So the effective working status at the end of the ON
time memorized in LW corresponds to Q=1 for no over
current and Q=0 for over current.
This sequence is repeated during the Switching phase.
Several events can occur:
1. SMPS switch OFF
2. SMPS output overload
3. Transition from Normal to Pulsed Mode
4. Transition from Pulsed Mode to Normal Mode

Overvoltage Protection

The MC44608 offers two OVP functions:

a fixed function that detects when VCC is higher than
15.4V
a programmable function that uses the demag pin. The
current flowing into the demag pin is mirrored and
compared to the reference current Iovp (120A). Thus this
OVP is quicker as it is not impacted by the VCC inertia and
is called QOVP.
In both cases, once an OVP condition is detected, the
output is latched off until a new circuit STARTUP.
Startup Management

The Vi pin 8 is directly connected to the HV DC rail Vin.

This high voltage current source is internally connected to
the VCC pin and thus is used to charge the VCC capacitor. The
VCC capacitor charge period corresponds to the Startup
phase. When the VCC voltage reaches 13V, the high voltage
9mA current source is disabled and the device starts
working. The device enters into the switching phase.
It is to be noticed that the maximum rating of the Vi pin 8
is 700V. ESD protection circuitry is not currently added to
this pin due to size limitations and technology constraints.
Protection is limited by the drainsubstrate junction in
avalanche breakdown. To help increase the application
safety against high voltage spike on that pin it is possible to
insert a small wattage 1kW series resistor between the Vin
rail and pin 8.
The Figure 6 shows the VCC voltage evolution in case of
no external current source providing current into the VCC
pin during the switching phase. This case can be
encountered in SMPS when the self supply through an
auxiliary winding is not present (strong overload on the
SMPS output for example). The Figure 16 also depicts this
working configuration.

Latched Off
Phase
VPWM
OUT

&

NOC
OC

R
LEB out
1V

&

LW
Q

+
CS

&

S Q Standby
&
Mode
R1
R2

S1
Switch

Startup Idemag Switching Startup

Phase > 24 m A Phase Phase

Figure 7. Transition Logic

1. SMPS SWITCH OFF

When the mains is switched OFF, so long as the bulk

electrolithic bulk capacitor provides energy to the SMPS,
the controller remains in the switching phase. Then the peak
current reaches its maximum peak value, the switching
frequency decreases and all the secondary voltages are
reduced. The VCC voltage is also reduced. When VCC is
equal to 10V, the SMPS stops working.

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MC44608
2. Overload

according to the equation of the current sense section, page

5. The C.S. clamping level depends on the power to be
delivered to the load during the SMPS standby mode.
Every switching sequence ON/OFF is terminated by an OC
as long as the secondary Zener diode voltage has not been
reached. When the Zener voltage is reached the ON cycle is
terminated by a true PWM action. The proper SWITCHING
PHASE termination must correspond to a NOC condition.
The LW latch stores this NOC status.
The LATCHED OFF PHASE: The MODE latch is set.
The STARTUP PHASE is similar to the Overload Mode.
The MODE latch remains in its set status (Q=1).
The SWITCHING PHASE: The Standby signal is
validated and the 200A is sourced out of the Current Sense
pin 2.

In the hiccup mode the 3 distinct phases are described as

follows (refer to Figure 6):
The SWITCHING PHASE: The SMPS output is low and
the regulation block reacts by increasing the ON time (dmax
= 80%). The OC is reached at the end of every switching
cycle. The LW latch (Figure 7) is reset before the VPWM
signal appears. The SMPS output voltage is low. The VCC
voltage cannot be maintained at a normal level as the
auxiliary winding provides a voltage which is also reduced
in a ratio similar to the one on the output (i.e. Vout nominal
/ Vout shortcircuit). Consequently the VCC voltage is
reduced at an operating rate given by the combination VCC
capacitor value together with the ICC working consumption
(3.2mA) according to the equation 2. When VCC crosses
10V the WORKING PHASE gets terminated. The LW latch
remains in the reset status.
The LATCHEDOFF PHASE: The VCC capacitor
voltage continues to drop. When it reaches 6.5V this phase
is terminated. Its duration is governed by equation 3.
The STARTUP PHASE is reinitiated. The high voltage
startup current source (ICC1 = 9mA) is activated and the
MODE latch is reset. The VCC voltage ramps up according
to the equation 1. When it reaches 13V, the IC enters into the
SWITCHING PHASE.
The NEXT SWITCHING PHASE: The high voltage
current source is inhibited, the MODE latch (Q=0) activates
the NORMAL mode of operation. Figure 2 shows that no
current is injected out pin 2. The over current sense level
corresponds to 1V.
As long as the overload is present, this sequence repeats.
The SWITCHING PHASE duty cycle is in the range of 10%.

4. Transition from Standby to Normal

The secondary reconfiguration is removed. The

regulation on the low voltage secondary rail can no longer
be achieved, thus at the end of the SWITCHING PHASE, no
PWM condition can be encountered. The LW latch is reset.
At the next WORKING PHASE a NORMAL mode status
takes place.
In order to become independent of the recovery time
constant on the secondary side of the SMPS an additional
reset input R2 is provided on the MODE latch. The condition
Idemag<24A corresponds to the activation of the
secondary reconfiguration status. The R2 reset insures a
return into the NORMAL mode following the first
STARTUP PHASE.
Pulsed Mode Duty Cycle Control

During the sleep mode of the SMPS the switch S3 is

closed and the control input pin 3 is connected to a 4.6V
voltage source thru a 500W resistor. The discharge rate of the
VCC capacitor is given by ICClatch (device consumption
during the LATCHED OFF phase) in addition to the current
drawn out of the pin 3. Connecting a resistor between the Pin
3 and GND (RDPULSED) a programmable current is drawn
from the VCC through pin 3. The duration of the LATCHED
OFF phase is impacted by the presence of the resistor
RDPULSED. The equation 3 shows the relation to the pin 3
current.

3. Transition from Normal to Pulsed Mode

In this sequence the secondary side is reconfigured (refer

to the typical application schematic on page 13). The high
voltage output value becomes lower than the NORMAL
mode regulated value. The TL431 shunt regulator is fully
OFF. In the SMPS standby mode all the SMPS outputs are
lowered except for the low voltage output that supply the
wakeup circuit located at the isolated side of the power
supply. In that mode the secondary regulation is performed
by the zener diode connected in parallel to the TL431.
The secondary reconfiguration status can be detected on
the SMPS primary side by measuring the voltage level
present on the auxiliary winding Laux. (Refer to the
Demagnetization Section). In the reconfigured status, the
Laux voltage is also reduced. The VCC selfpowering is no
longer possible thus the SMPS enters in a hiccup mode
similar to the one described under the Overload condition.
In the SMPS standby mode the 3 distinct phases are:
The SWITCHING PHASE: Similar to the Overload
mode. The current sense clamping level is reduced

Pulsed Mode Phases

Equations 1 through 8 define and predict the effective

behavior during the PULSED MODE operation. The
equations 6, 7, and 8 contain K, Y, and D factors. These
factors are combinations of measured parameters. They
appear in the parameter section Kfactors for pulsed mode
operation page 4. In equations 3 through 8 the pin 3 current
is the current defined in the above section Pulsed Mode
Duty Cycle Control.

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MC44608
EQUATION 1
Startup Phase Duration:

t startup

* UVLO2)

(Vstup
I stup

Vcc

where: Istup is the startup current flowing through VCC pin

CVcc is the VCC capacitor value
EQUATION 2
Switching Phase Duration:

+
switch

(Vstup
UVLO1)
I
I
ccS
G

Vcc

where: IccS is the no load circuit consumption in switching phase

IG is the current consumed by the Power Switch
EQUATION 3
Latchedoff Phase Duration:

C
Vcc
+
latched*off

(UVLO1
I

ccL

* UVLO2)

) Ipin3

where: IccL is the latched off phase consumption

Ipin3 is the current drawn from pin3 adding a resistor
EQUATION 4
Burst Mode Duty Cycle:

BM

+t

start*up ) t switch ) t latched*off

switch

EQUATION 5
C
d

+C
BM

EQUATION 6
d

BM

+
1

(V
UVLO2)
stup
I
stup

Vcc

S Stup

I
ccS G
I
stup

Vcc

Vcc

(V
UVLO1)
stup
I
I
ccS G
(V
UVLO1)
stup
I
I
ccS G

)
*
)

S L

) IG
I
)I
ccL pin3
I

ccS

where: kS/Stup = (Vstup UVLO2)/(Vstup UVLO1)

kS/L = (UVLO1 UVLO2)/(Vstup UVLO1)

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9

*
)
I
ccL pin3

(UVLO1 UVLO2)

Vcc
I

MC44608

EQUATION 7
d

BM

+
1

I
ccS G
I
stup

)
SStup

S L

stup
I
I
ccL
pin3

EQUATION 8
d

BM

+
1

)I G
I

k1

stup

S Stup

) (kSL

k2

1
)
I
pin3
I
stup

where: k1 = Iccs/Istup
k2 = IccL/Istup
kS/Stup = (VstupUVLO2)/(VstupUVLO1)
kS/L = (UVLO1UVLO2)/(VstupUVLO1)

PULSED MODE CURRENT SENSE CLAMPING LEVEL

Equations 9, 10, 11 and 12 allow the calculation of the Rcs value for the desired maximum current peak value during the
SMPS standby mode.
EQUATION 9

Ipk

stby

+ Vcsth *R(Rcs

I cs)

where: Vcsth is the CS comparator threshold

Ics is the CS internal current source
RS is the sensing resistor
Rcs is the resistor connected between pin 2 and RS
EQUATION 10

Ipk

stby

+ Vcsth

Ics
V
csth

R cs
R

EQUATION 11

Ipk

+ Vcsth
stby

* (Rcs

)
Y
csstby
R

where: Ycsstby = Ics/Vcsth

Taking into account the circuit propagation delay (dtcs) and the Power Switch reaction time (dtps):
EQUATION 12

Ipk

+
stby

1
V
csth

* (Rcs

Y
)
csstby
R

(dt cs

) Vin

) dtps)

Lp

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10

MC44608
60

5.08
5.07

50

5.06
t_rise

5.05
Vpin3 (V)

Time (nS)

85 C

5.04

40
t_fall
30

5.03
25 C

5.02
5.01

25 C

5.00

20

4.99
10
10

11

12

13

14

4.98
0.5

15

1.5

2.5

Current Injected in Pin 3 (mA)

Pin6 VCC Voltage (V)

Figure 8. Output Switching Speed

Figure 11. Vpin3 During the Working Period

5.0

79.0

4.5

85 C
77.0
75.0

25 C

Vpin3 Voltage (V)

Frequency

25 C

4.0

25 C

73.0
71.0
69.0

3.5
25 C
3.0
85 C
2.5
2.0

67.0
65.0
10

11

12

13

14

1.5
1.6

15

1.4

1.2

VCC Voltage (V)

80

4.60

70

4.40

60

4.20

Pin6 Current (mA)

Switching Duty Cycle (%)

4.80

85 C
25 C

30
25 C

10
0.5

1.0

.04

.02

0.0

25 C

4.00

25 C

3.80
3.60
85 C

3.40

20

0
0.0

.06

Figure 12. Vpin3 During the Latched Off Period

90

40

.08

Current Injected in Pin 3 (mA)

Figure 9. Frequency Stability

50

1.0

3.20
1.5

2.0

3.00
10

2.5

Current Injected in Pin3 (mA)

11

12

13

14

15

Pin6 VCC Voltage (V)

Figure 10. Duty Cycle Control

Figure 13. Device Consumption when Switching

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11

MC44608
Figure 14. High Voltage Current Source

Figure 15. Overload Burst Mode

11.00

12.00
25 C
11.00
Switching Duty Cycle (%)

10.00

Icc (mA)

9.00
8.00
25 C
7.00
85 C
6.00

25 C

10.00
9.00

25 C

8.00
85 C
7.00
6.00

5.00

5.00
0

100

200

300

400

500

100

Vi Pin8 Voltage (Vi)

200

300

Vi Pin Voltage (V)

Figure 16. Hiccup Mode Waveforms

The data in Figure 15 corresponds to the waveform in

Figure 16. The Figure 16 shows VCC, ICC, Isense (pin 2) and
Vout (pin 5). Vout (pin 5) in fact shows the envelope of the
output switching pulses. This mode corresponds to an
overload condition.

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12

400

500

MC44608
The Figure 18 represents a complete power supply using the secondary reconfiguration.
The specification is as follows:
Input source:
85Vac to 265Vac
3 Outputs
112V / 0.45A
16V / 1.5A
8V / 1A
Output power
80W
Standby mode
@ Pout = 300mW, 1.3W
R F6
47288900

FI

C20
2N2FY

WIDE
C1
AINS 100 nF

C11
220 pF
500 V

RFI
FILTER
R16
4.7 k W
4 kV
C3
1 nF

D1, D2, D3, D4

1N5404

C5
220 m F
400 V

C4
1 nF

100 k W

2
3
4

7
6
5

VCC

D9
MR852

11

2 10

C8
100 nF
3.9 k W

R3
0.27

C14
1000
35 V

mF

C16
120 pF

D13
1N4148

D10
MR852

R17
2.2 k W
5W

R4

DZ1
MCR226

R19
18 k W

D14
MR856

MTP6N60E

3
16 V/1.5 A

3
8 V/1 A

C9
470 pF
630 V

Post
Reg.

C15 +
1000 m F
16 V

mP

R21
47

R9
100 k W

OPT1

R11
4.7 k W

R12
1 kW

DZ3
10 V

C19
33 nF

Figure 17. Typical Application

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13

C18
100 nF

R10
10 k W
ON

DZ2
TL431CLP

J3

1N4934

R2
10 W

D12

C7
22 m F
16 V

C13
100 nF

C17
120 pF

R7
47 k W

D7
1N4148

MC44608P75

12

R1
22 k W
5W
C6
47 nF
630 V

D6
MR856

R5

D5
1N4007

112 V/0.45 A

C12 +
47 m F
250 V

Isense

D18
MR856

14

R8
2.4 k W

OFF
ON = Normal Mode
OFF = Pulsed Mode

J4

MC44608
The secondary reconfiguration is activated by the P
through the switch. The dV/dt appearing on the high voltage
winding (pins 14 of the transformer) at every TMOS switch
off, produces a current spike through the series RC network
R7, C17. According to the switch position this spike is either
absorbed by the ground (switch closed) or flows into the
thyristor gate (switch open) thus firing the MCR226. The
closed position of the switch corresponds to the Pulsed
Mode activation. In this secondary side SMPS status the
high voltage winding (1214) is connected through D12 and
DZ1 to the 8V low voltage secondary rail. The voltages

applied to the secondary windings 1214, 1011 and 67

(Vaux) are thus divided by ratio N1214 / N98 (number of
turns of the winding 1214 over number of turns of the
winding 98). In this reconfigured status all the secondary
voltages are lowered except the 8V one. The regulation
during every pulsed or burst is performed by the zener diode
DZ3 which value has to be choosen higher than the normal
mode regulation level. This working mode creates a voltage
ripple on the 8V rail which generally must be post regulated
for the microProcessor supply.

Figure 18. SMPS Pulsed Mode

is the result of the 200A current source activated during the

startup phase and also during the working phase which
flows through the R4 resistor. The used high resolution
mode of the oscilloscope does not allow to show the
effective ton current flowing in the sensing resistor R11.

The Figure 18 shows the SMPS behavior while working

in the reconfigured mode. The top curve represents the VCC
voltage (pin 6 of the MC44608). The middle curve
represents the 8V rail. The regulation is taking place at
11.68V. On the bottom curve the pin 2 voltage is shown. This
voltage represents the current sense signal. The pin 2 voltage

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14

MC44608
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
DIP8
P SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 62605
ISSUE K

NOTES:
1. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
2. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL (ROUND OR
SQUARE CORNERS).
3. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.

B
1

F
A

NOTE 2

C
J

T
N

SEATING
PLANE

D
H

G
0.13 (0.005)

T A

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15

DIM
A
B
C
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N

MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
9.40
10.16
6.10
6.60
3.94
4.45
0.38
0.51
1.02
1.78
2.54 BSC
0.76
1.27
0.20
0.30
2.92
3.43
7.62 BSC

10_
0.76
1.01

STYLE 1:
PIN 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

AC IN
DC + IN
DC IN
AC IN
GROUND
OUTPUT
AUXILIARY
VCC

INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.370
0.400
0.240
0.260
0.155
0.175
0.015
0.020
0.040
0.070
0.100 BSC
0.030
0.050
0.008
0.012
0.115
0.135
0.300 BSC

10_
0.030
0.040

MC44608

ON Semiconductor and
are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes
without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular
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including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Typical parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or
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MC44608/D