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302 views57 pagesIgc 1 2 Nebosh Notes
Nebosh IGC
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/ 57
IGC -1 Element 1: Foundations in Health and Safety
Short Questions
2
An cxgerizaion con errenge for insurance which wll ever some ofthe cost
if anaccident to a worker takes place (for example, to cover compensation
payable) There are other cost which could folow an accident that are not
usually covered by insurance. Identify EIGHT uninsured costs, (8 marks)
‘Ans, 1. Uninsured costs might include:
Productloss or damage
Loss of production/output
Loss of orders
Loss of company image
Cost of time spent investigating the accident
Loss of time and resources
Cost of recruitment of replacement staff
Cost of overtime to remaining staff
Cost of rerecal action following investigation (eg. change of process or materials)
Possible compensation payments due to cv actions taken.
2
‘Outline reasons for mintining good standards of health and safety within an
organisation. (@ mais)
“There are moral soca and economic reasons forthe maintenance of good
health and safety stardards within an orgarisation
+ Both the employer and the worker have morl and soca bigatons
concerning heath and safety within the organisation. The employer must
provide a safe place of work wit safe plant and equipment safe systems
fof work traning, supervision and competent staf, The worker must
‘comply with the waing and rsruction given by the employer and ao
sith anything provided forthe purposes of heath and safety suchas PPE
and machine quads.
‘+ There ae 0 economic easons to maintain ood heath and safety
inthe workplace. Te coss of business fee can be very high for an
cgarsaion, Damage o materials pant and equipment can cost lage
‘noun for an orgasation.I-ealth injury or death of staf can also
‘estan orgristion age amounts of money There can be both rect
andindrect (or hidden) costo the organisation. 2. 7 oun ems atone exis
(employers (mats)
(i) Workers (mats)
3. (D_Itistheresponsbilty ofthe employer to ensure:
©The heath safety and welfare ofall employees.
‘© Provision of safe plant and systems of work.
‘© Safe arangements for handling storage and transport of articles
and substances,
'¢ Provision of information instruction training and supenision.
© Provision of safe accestand egress.
‘© Provision ofa safe wortng environment and adequate welfare
facies.
(i) Workers ae expected to:
= Actresponsibly.
‘©The reasonable care of themselves and of others who may be
affected by their actors or omissions.
* Co-operate with their employer in respect oftheir heath and safety
dts.
© Notintentionally or redesdy interfere wth (or misuse) arytting
provided n the interes of heath safety and welae,
Long Question
4.7 (@)_ Identify the possible consequecesof an accident:
(i) teinjued workers mats)
CG) thee employer mars)
“Ans. 4 (2) The possible consequences of the acident could be:
(i) To the worker injury or dseasefil-heatth ray resultin loss of
employment and loss of income. This can in turn resuit ina los
of quality oflfe for both the worker andthe workers dependants
((e usually the worker's fami
(i) To the employer: sociaVlegal consequences and/or business/
‘economic problems. There may ako be visit from a government
enforcement agency i the employers actions have been
negligent. Answer:
©)
Answer:
(b) Identify the direct and indirect costs to the employer of actidents at
work, (@maris)
Direct costs tothe employer could ince
+ Sckpay
+ epairsreplacement of damaged equipment or buiings
= Froduetloss or damage
toss of production
= Publicand/or product iabilty
= Fines legalfees
= reeasein insurance premiums
* Indect costs could be
Business interuption
= Lossofowers
+ Cost of time spent oninvestigations
+ Lossof corporate image.
(Sutine theacons an enforcement agency make folowingan
cider at wor temas)
(© Anerforcement agency will act on behalf of the government and will
‘enforce hesth and safetylaw This may be done in conjunction with the
police. They may tae a number of possble actions which mayinclude
® Giving advice
® suing a warring letter
© Giving a formal notice concerring future work and remedial acticn
to beaker,
® Making actrinal prosecution for negligent acts. [ Element 2: Health and Safety Management Systems
1-Policy
‘Short Questions
l 1. Outline the creumstances where a heath and safety policy wil need tobe
reviewed. (aris)
{ ‘Ans. 1. Aheath nd safety policy wil need to be reviewer:
[ © Alterthe elapse oftime,
When new processes ar introduced,
When new technology isintroduced,
‘When there’s a change in structure.
When there sa changein premises.
Following a change in legislation
When requested by a Safety Committe.
Foliowing anauelt review.
Following an accident.
Folloning an enforcement action.
000000000
2 Outine We ctr fs terete win ori
faa ‘or
2, The contents of statement of intent are:
‘Anoutlne of the organisational approach.
Airs and objectives.
Commitment.
Compliance with legal obligations.
Adequate resources
Adequate training.
Keeping up-to-date.
Signature of key personnel
eo 000000 Ans,
3. Identify EIGHT isaues that ae typically included inthe arangements section
‘of ahealth and safety policy document, (8 marks)
Ans, 3.
4 @
Ans. 4.
o
©
Posse anoners are
Safty ining,
Sale pte of work
Fekasessrent.
‘nironmental monitoring
Safety monitoring
-esdenteporing/nvestgation
Noise control
PPEisue and we
Frefirst ad
Heath survelence
(Oniy sight re required)
20000000000
Describe the content ofthe three main sections ofa hth and safety,
policydocument, explaining the purpose and content of each section
(mats)
(@)__The content ofthe three main sections shouldbe:
(© Statement of intent — overall hiiosophy, principles of legislation
‘2oplied tothe organisation, broad responsbites and targets
set. Itshould also cover the monitoring and review process and
Comparison of past and present performance (.e. benchmarking)
(© Organisationa structure - roles and responsbiltes of management
‘and employees the chin of comand for heath and safety
rranagernent, delegation and operational duties for heath and
safety.
(0. Arrangements section ~ practical arangements to implement
tnepalcy eg planning health and safety measures using risk
sssessmnent, detailed hazard control measures, staff consutation
end methods for active and reactive monitoring,
Explain why the health and safety policy shouldbe signed by the most
“senior personin an orgarisation such asa managing director or Chief
Executive Officer (mars)
The statement of intent section ofthe heath and safety policy
document should be signed by the most senior person to demonstrate
thatthe company is comrnited to the health and safety management
prograrree and to set goals and objectives forthe organisation.
‘This would incide active measures to comply withthe aw and to cetabched best practice. The signature ofthe most senior personis
his/her personal endorsement ofthe statement
5. Outline the min component of heath and safety renagerent st.
(@ mais)
‘Ans. 5, Awell known example ofa health and safety management stem isLO-
(OSH2001. (OHSAS 18001:1999 sa similar systern) The mein components
(of LO-OSH 2001 are:
©. Sting pot.
igang the staf and other ese
Dla andimplement
‘alton monitoring messing and ceveing perfomance)
Austing
Acton forimprovemet (an ao indude contualimproveren.
Long Question
6 @ Explain the purposes the folowing sections of aheath and sey
pokey
(i) “statement of intent” (2 marks)
i) “orgarisation* (marks)
(i) “arrangements” mans)
Ans. 6 (2) Themain components are:
(i) Thestatement of intent: broad outine ofthe orgarisation’s
‘overall philosophy in relation to management of heath anc
safety.
eo 0000
(i) Organisational: distribution of responsibitiesforhealth and
safety throughout the organisation.
(ii) Arrangements: practical arangements by which general policy's
tobe implemented,
(b1 Outline the issues that are typically nuded ine arrangements
section ofa health and safety potcy. (@mats)
Ans, (b) Matters to cover here are:
9 Planning health and safety measures using seassessment,
(© Detailing of hazard cantrol measures, eg. arargerents for manta
handling, COSHH, emergency arrangement first-aid procedures.
(© How to putstaff consultation and communications mechanisms
into place; traning arrangements, et.
‘© Monitoring compance and assessing its efecveness by means of
active and reactive methods. (0. Deseribe the circumstances that would require aheath and safety
policy to be reviewed. (6 mats)
Ans. (©) ‘The health and safety policy shouldbe reviewed if or wher:
©The structure ofthe organisation, and/or key personnel change.
(©The organisation changes premises.
(© New processes ae introduced,
(© Anauditor risk assessment requires a review.
(© Theres enforcement action or following findings of accident
investigations.
© the law changes.
(© When worker consultation or worker representatives highlight
deficiencies.
(© When athird party such as an insurance company, customers or
clients requestsit.
‘© Some time has passed since the policy was fist developed (eit
‘may be out of date)
Element 3: Health and Safety Management Systems
2 - Organising
Short Questions
Outline the practical means by which a manager could involve employees in
the improvement of health and safety in the workplace. @ mars)
|Ans.1._ An employershouid involve his employees in the decision making process by
‘consulting wth them on workplace issues. Employers should not only give
information o employees butaso listen to and take account of what they
‘ay before ary heath and safety decsions are made. The practical mearss
by which ts can be done are by employing bot formal and non-formal
methods sich as:
Team meetings
Sefety circles
Works and office safety committees
‘One-to-one informal meetings between management and staf
Employers an aso involve workers in risk assessments of various types,
induding those for general sk assessments, manual handing and deplay
seen equipment. They could also, with appropriate training, be inolved in
‘workplace inspections and tours.
0000 2
Cutline the information that could be considered to ensure that 2 contractor
is competent to undertake a task (mars)
‘Ans. 2 The following should be requested from the contractor:
3
Ans, 3.
4
References and past workrecords,
Safety policy.
Tring records,
Method statements
Riskasessments
© Insurance certfcates.
0. Membesip of ade body
00000
‘Outline the information that could be considered to ensure that a contractor
's competent to undertake a task (@mars)
‘Topics to be included in the agenda ofa safety committee meeting coud
include
(© Thestudy of acddent and disease statistics
© Bamination of safety audit reports
(© Consideration of reports and information from the enforcing agentes or
{government authorities,
Consideration of reports subritted by safety representatives.
Assistance in development of procedures ard poi.
Consultation on training programmes.
Monitoring the effectiveness of training pragrarames.
Monitoring and improvement of safety commurications
Practicalities of workplace issues such asthe impact of shift workin,
‘maintenance and breskdown procedures on heath and safety.
Cutline the indicator that canbe observed wien asesing the heath and
safety culture ofan organisation. (@marks)
000000
‘Ans. 4, When assessing the health ad safety culture of an organisation, the following
5.
indicators can be observed:
(© Level of compliance with procedures and nes.
(© Employee complains.
© Accident rates/statstics.
(0 Absenteeism and sicnesslevels/statitics,
© Staff tumover
‘entity EIGHT failures that can cause poor healthand safety performance.
(@mars) ‘Ans. 5, fxamples are:
Ans. 6
7
No ules or procedures.
No taiing
No consultation,
"No irwolvementin the decision-making process.
[No decisions on health and safety isues.
“Supervsors/managers turing abn eye to salety issues.
Ladkof maintenance.
00000000
oor eironmental conditions.
© Poorhousekeeping
(Only eight ae required)
(a) Explain the term ‘motivation. (@ marks)
(bi Explain the term ‘perception: (marks)
(C)_ Explain the tern ‘attitude (marks)
(Gi) Explain the term ‘aptitude! ( madis)
(3) Motivation is what makes a person ac the way he/she does. Itis2
tendency to take actions to achieve a particular goal I canals be
descrived asthe fore that stimulates an individual to do something
() Perception isthe way that we use our senses to compare the
information we receive with our existing knowledge and atftudes to
interpret and to give meaning to events situations and other people. It
shapes how an individual observes a situation.
(2 Attitude is persons viewpoint or way of looking at something. I gives
himyher atendenc, readiness or pre-cisposton to act or react in a
particular wayin agven situation. (It isoften based on experience, age,
etc)
(d) Aptitude refers to an individual’ ability in relation to something such as
‘their knowledge and sls
(@_ Explain the term ‘competent in relation to heath and safety(4 marks)
‘Ans.7. (@) competent individual in health and safety terms is one whe possesses.
Ans. 7.
© Krowedge.
© Skis
© Ally to perform atask
(8) Explain the methods that canbe use to ensure that an indus
competent. (4 marks)
{b)_ Methods of ensuring that an individuals competent ae: © Provision of information instrucion and tiring
(© vuinanentin the dession making process
© Appraisal and testing to determine experience and knowledge.
© Obsenaton.
I 8 Outline the reasons why verbal instruction may not be deny understood
byanenployee (@matis)
‘ns. verbo instruction may not be dearly understod by an employee forthe
following reasons:
(©The emironments unsuitable too much background noise, distractions,
etc.
‘Too much technical jargon is used.
“The information is complex and there is no opportunity to cary it.
‘The instruction is ambiguous,
‘The conveyer and receiver have different dialects.
Body language interferes with the commurication,
‘The language snot understood,
‘The receiver isnot listening,
Te communication is pooty timed or too ong,
‘The conveyor or receivers inexperienced.
“The receiver suffers from sensory impairment or aleaming dffculy.
0000000000
9, Explain why tis important to use a variety of methods to communicate
1 heath and safety in the workplace (8 mars)
‘Ans.9._Itisimportant to use a varety of methods to communicate health and safety
[ inthe workplace for the folowing reasons:
(© Somme methods are statutory
There may belanguage barriers.
People respond to diferent stimu
Its necessary to take account of csbities and impairments.
‘The message may need to be reinforced,
Feedbackis required.
‘One method may becorne ineffective
Environmental factors need tobe taken into account,
Employee imolement needs to be gained.
e200 00000
{ 10 Long Question
10, (@ Outline theesponbilties of ernroyers inthe workplace. 10 mars)
fans. 10 (0). Itistheresponsibiy ofthe employer to ensure:
(©The heath safety and welfare ofa employees
Provision of safe plant and systems of work,
(© Safe arrangements for handling storage and transport of articles
and substances.
Provision of information, instruction training and supervision.
Provision of safe access and egres.
Provision of a safe working environment and adequate welfare
facilities.
(b) Outline the eascnable actions an employer would take before engaging
[ ‘a contractor to undertake a large redecorating task (20 marks)
‘Ans. (b) The employer should take all reasonable steps induding
Seeking references for previous work,
Establishing adequate insurance cover
Requesting the contractor's safety pobcy.
Seeking examples of risk assessments and meted staternents.
Requesting records of training,
Seeking accent records.
Requiring details of any prosecutions for heath ae safety offences.
Seeking detais of professional body membership.
0000000
1L_ {@)_ Outline arengeof organisational factors that can promote anegative
health andsafety culture. (@ marks)
Ans. 11 (2) Organisational factors that can promote a negative heath and safety
‘ature iechude
Production being seen as more important than safety.
Novwitten safety policy or no adherence to it
Noemplyeeinvotverentin the desion mang proces.
ac of pase and reward
Noting ply
0000 Ans.
Poor welfare facilites,
(©) Outline the other factors that can promote a negative health and safety
culture (12 marks)
‘Ans. 11.(b) Other factors that can promote a negative heath and safety culture
relate tothe individual, for example:
oo 00
°
A person attitude.
‘A persons perception.
Inexperience,
Lackof taining
(Other human factors.
The tasks aso a factor of influence, for example, there maybe:
°
°
‘Mismatch leween people and task
Repetitive and poorly designed tasks.
No safe system of work
No riskassessment
Element 4: Health and Safety Management Systems
3 -Planning
Short Questions
L
@
‘Ans.1 (2)
L
©
Explain, using an example the mearing ofthe term risk.
mars)
|A dimple definition of skis “the lcenood of harm arsing from
‘workplace hazards
{fuller definition is “the likehood that an unvented event will occur
and the possible severity in tems of injury or damage, should it occur".
‘An example would be the fikelihood of being harmed by tipping on 2
‘rang cable in an office and the possible severity of the injury suffered.
‘Another example could be the ikethood of being struckin the eye
if using ginding wheel without the use of eye protection and/or
machine guards andthe severty of the possible penetraing eye injury
suffered.
Identify the key steps of a general risk assessment,
(Sats)
(b) The keysteps ofa general risk assessment are:
(© _IBentifythe hazards imolved inthe task.
© entity the persons at sk Ans.3. (2)
©
(© Evluate the risk (severity -lkeihood) and decide on precautions.
(© Record findings andimplement them.
(© Review te assessment and update if necessary
assstin carying out risk assessments inthe workplace. (@ marks)
To assist camying out risk assessments incividals require:
Experience and training in sk assessment processes.
perience ofthe procesy/task,
Technical knowledge.
Knowledge of local regustions.
‘Commuricaton and reporting skis
tention to detail and thoroughness.
Recommendations frommanagers etc.
0000000
°
Commitment and wilingness to doa task
‘Awareness oftheir own imitations
(@)__Define the term ‘near-miss’ accident (2marks)
(©) Outline which groups of people could be exposed toa workplace
hazard, (Gmarks)
‘Anincdent that has not resulted in injury or loss but had the potential
tobevery serious.
‘The following groups of people could be exposed to a workplace
haaret
Operators
Maictenance staft
Cleaners.
Contractors.
Members of the public
Visitors.
Young peopee.
Pregnant women.
Individuals with a dsabily.
000000000
B Ans.
‘Outline the factors to be considered when assessing the risks to along
distance delivery driver (6 marks)
This answer does not rely on simple regurgitation of facts straight from the
‘note, but on careful thought about the work situation inthe question,
‘The answer should be structured under four headings: the job, the indvidua,
the vehicle and the oad, This is similar tothe theores on human factors oF
Jeb, individual and working environment. The ervronment inthis case would
‘be subdivided into vehicle and load
Job factors should include:
(© Thetime taken forthe journey
(© Demands ofthe route (complexity road conditions et)
(© Communications with home base
(© Security ssuesfinduding poss of violence).
Individual fctors relate to:
(© Physical and psychological capabilities ofthe divert cope withthe job
demands
(© Thelevelof traning given,
‘The vehicle
(© Ergonomic factors suchas design and layout ofthe driver's cab
© Tallifts(¢. loading/unloading equipment.
The load:
(© Nature of oad (e9, hazardous heavy)
(© Means of handing materials
(© Emergency equipment and procedures in place.
(2) Give TWO reasons why vistors to a workplace might be at greater isk
of injury than workers. (marks)
(8) Identity the precautions to be taken to reduce the isk of injury to
vistors to the workplace, (mars)
(2) There ea number of reasons to choose fren inthe fist part of the
question, Vistors may be exposed to addtional risk because:
(© They maybe unfamiliar with processesbeing cared out and the
associated havards and risks
‘They may not have been issued with PFE as visitor
(© They may lack knowledge on sit ayou: and pedestrian routes may
be inadequate or not sgned propery
‘They may not have knowledge of emergency procedures
‘They may be particularly vulnerableif tey are young or clsabled.
4 (©) Measures to ensure the health and safety of vistors should include:
Visitor identification by means of badge:
‘A Signing in and out routine
Prior notification of staff members iwoled inthe visit
Provision of information to vistors on hazard and emergency
procedures
(© Anexplanation of specific site rules (eg, use of PPE)
1 (© Clear marking of pedestrian routes
(© Visitors to be escorted by a manager ar supervisory staff
© Outline the key principles of prevention that should be used to contra
t workplace hazards (marks)
Ans. 6 Theleypincpes of prevention to contol wtp hats re
| © Aid k= rnaon
Skat rik tht camo aed
combat iat cue
ea veces ihc cds
eo 000
‘Adapt to technical progress.
Substitution.
Develop control measures.
Prottise collective protective measures
© 0000000
Provide information, instruction training and supenision,
1a FOUR per oy gold
international standards. (8 marks)
[ame 1. Tepper neatly Sine
. (©. Prohibition ~ red and circular with aback symbol
(© Fire-fighting rectangular or square with red being the derrinant colouc
i (© Warning ~ viangular with the dominantcolours being yelow and black.
(© Mandatory blue and craula wit a white pictogram.
(© Safe condition rectangular or square witha green and white symbel.
(Only fourare required)
8. Outline the components ofa safe system of wor, (@ marks)
Ans. 8. The components of asafesjstern of workare
f © Materials,
f 5 © Equipment
(© Emionment,
© People
“These come together to form a safe system of work with procedures, isk
assessment, etc
9. Identify the key elements of a permit-to-work system. (@ mats)
Ans. ¢ The key elements ofa permit-o-work system are as follows
(© Desciption of task.
Hazard identification.
Planning — isolation and PPE.
Issuing by an authorised person.
Acceptance by a competent person.
“eskcarted out.
Pert cancelled
Pant retumed to normal
0000000
10, Outline FOUR stuations where a permt-to-work would be appropriate and
in FACH case. give arearon uy (8 mats)
‘Ans. 10. A permit-o-work would be appropriate’ the following situations:
(© Hotwork due to the isk of heat transfer fire and explosion
© Confined space~ because of the restricted space, the lack of oxygen and
the possibilty of heat exustion
Work on ve eleciciy the hazarisher are high
Maintenance work due to the ik of machinery being started up wile
works in progress
Long Question
TL (@_ Outline FOUR geupsot people at wexkthat would bea specs
‘category and requite an individual risk assessment. Give an explanation
in each case why an individual risk assessment would be required. (8
mets)
(b) Outline stuations where a sk assessment would need tobe reviewed.
(6 naris)
(©) Explain what would have to be covered forarisk assessment to be
‘sutable and sufficient: (mars)
16 ‘Ars. 11. (2) The folowing groups of people require an individual risk assessment
©)
©
2 @
o
‘Ans. 12(2)
©)
‘Young people~ due to their inexperience or immaturity
Pregnant women ~ exposure to ahazardous substance could
endanger the foetus.
(© Disabled or winerable persons ~ hearing-impaired workers require
visual alarm syste,
(© Lone workers ~ because lone werking can bring atonal sks, eg
confined spaces
Arisk assessment would need to be reviewed folowing:
© Achangein egjsation.
(© Achange of control measures
(© Achangein the process.
(©The introduction of new technology.
For arisk assesment to be “suitable and sufficient’
© Allhazards must be ientitied.
(© Risk control measures must be in place.
°
(© Theccontrol measures must be reliable
© The risk assessment must remain curent for a period of time
Outline the steps that are required to carry outarisk assessment. (10
smarts)
(Outline aris reduction strategy that can be applied to astuation
here hazards have been identified (0 marks)
‘The following steps are required to cary outaris assesment.
(© Identify the hazards involved inthe task.
‘0 Identify the people at risk
(© Evaluate the isk (Le. tkethood and severity) and decide on
precautions.
(© Record the findings and implement them,
(© Review the assesment and update f necessary.
(This part ofthe question for ten mas is very siilar to Question 1(b)
Jn Bement 5 which was for five marks and requires the candidate to
“identify the key steps. A much fuller answer would be required here
asthe action words “outline")
‘Where hazard have been identified the flowing riskreduction
strategy canbe appfed
(© Eliminate the hazards.
10 Redluce the risks by engineering means.
v7 Isolate or segregate employees fa the hazard.
Control te risk with sate stemsot work, ec.
Introduce poicies procedures and use of PPE
Discipline — monitor and review the proces.
0000
{Only two proactive and two reactive measures ae required)
18 Element 5: Health and Safety Management 4 -
Measuring, Audit and Review
Short Questions
1. Outline TWO proaxtive and TWO reactive measures that can be sed in
assessing the health end safety performance ofan orgarisaion. (8 mars)
‘L.__ Measures that can be used in assessing the health and safety performance of
‘an orgrizaion
Proactive Reactive
Audit ‘Accident reports
Inspection Risk assessment review
Safety survey Dasrage parts
Safety tour Near mis reports
Heath surllance Costiime sates
Benchmarking Record ofi-heath
Samping
2 List the writen information that fikely to be examined during a health and
safety audit (émats)
‘Ans. 2. Thewrtten information that may be required forthe auelt is kel to include
the folowing!
© Acopy ofthe cameary Heath are Safety Poly
Tie Safety Handbook or Procedures Manual
Detalsof writen sae yates of work
Safety Committee iutes.
Accent statis
Invesigation reports
Pannedinspection reports
The Fist-Aid book
pects of maintenance
A register ofhazardous sibstances
Taining records.
2000000000
19 3, Outline the sengths AND weaknesses of using achecklst to complete a
health and safety inspection of a workplace. (8 madis)
‘Ans. 3, The strengths of using a reckst to complete an inspection inchs:
(© Allows for prior preparation and planning so thatthe inspection can be
[ structured and systematic
‘© Reduces the chance that important areas/ssues may be missed,
(© Provides an immediate record of findings.
Enables aconsistentapproach by those carrying out the inspection
Provides an easy method for comparison and audit
“The weaknesses of using the checkst stem may cause:
(© Overreliance on the checklst leading to abiinkered" approach andthe
possbty that impartant sks right be missed
‘©The checklstnot tobe reviewed and updates made when there re
changes to work processes and equipment.
(© _Inspextions to become strictly routine with no “follow-up” questions
being asked,
(© Thesjstem to be too objective and restrictive with no scope for inluding|
peripheral sues.
(© Untrained people to be tempted to carry out inspections and the
procedure could be affected by human ertor and/or abuse.
4, The number of absences due to upper limb disorderin an organisation
appears to be increasing, Outline the possible sources of information thatthe
employer could consuit when investigating this issue. (@marks)
[ ‘Ans. 4. The possible sources of information that could be consulted:
(0 Absence records show trends for causes of time off work,
(© Accident incident andi-heath records ~ also show il-health and
accident trends.
L ‘© Anyprevious accidentil-health investigation reports
(© Medical and/or occupational health reports show personal details of
l ‘evolving upper mb disorders.
(© Display screen risk assessments ~ show ifrecommended ergonomic
standards have been maintained,
(© Teiring ecords~ show whether staff are competent and have been
trained inthe proper use of equipment.
(© Safety audit andinspection reports. °
Maintenance records show if equipments adequately maintained and
keptin proper working order
Minutes of Safety Committee metings~ show ifsimiarssues hve been
cbserved before or occur elsewhere inthe organisation,
Records of employee suggestions complaints and staff hazard reporting,
5, Outline the immediate and longer-term action that shou be taken following
a serious inury at work @mats)
‘Ans. 5. Folowing aserous injury at work, itis necessary to
000000000
Ensue first-aid ad follow-up treatment forthe victim.
Isolate the scene,
Make the area safe
Inform the victims next of kn and provide counseling and support.
Prepare an intemal accident report.
Report the accident external.
Identity witnesses
Setup an accident investigation team and vestigate the accident
Determine direct and indirect causes
Make recommendations to prevent a recurrence review and revise work
procedures and risk assessment
Collate data
6. Outline the detals tobe recorded in an accident book following a workplace
accident (@ mars)
‘Ans. 6._Falowing a workplace accident the following detas shoud be recordedin
theaccident book:
°
oo 000
Name and address ofthe injured person,
Date and time ofthe accident
Location of the accident,
‘Causation of the accident,
Nature ofthe accident
Name and address ofthe person completing the accident book 7. Outline the FOUR rain reasons for carrying out an accident investigation.
(B maris)
\Ans.7, The four main reasons for carying out an accident investigation are to:
Establish the fats
entity the immediate cause
entity the root (underpinning) cause
‘Identity any remedial action requied to prevent a recuence.
ooo 0
8. Giving reasons in EACH case identify FOUR categoies of persons who ray
be considered a wsefl member ofan intel acer inesigaton tam
(@ mars)
‘ans. 8 Categories of persons who may be useful members ofan intra acer
ivesigatin eam woud be:
(© A senior manager should bes team member because this demonstrates
the commisrent of aragernentto caning othe imestgaton It so
erares level of authority to cay out appropiate remedial acon after
the investigation completed
(© Aline manager or supervisor shouldbe present as they ae key tobe
faa wit the working practices surouncing the accent
6 Asset advisor can give advice on legal aspects and woud be Faria
wih the nature of he hazards sks are contro messes in place
© Arepresenatie of enplaye salty or safety representative) should be
par of the tamin order to represent the neess of employes/werters
[nd to support staf ding the offical interews ofthe imesgatin.
© Atechnca expert, suchas an engineer may sometinesbe appropriate if
special terial acc is required
Long Question
9. (@_ Outline the factors that should be considered when pnning a safety
‘tour ofthe workplace. (0 marks)
(0) Identity the information that should be included in a report ofa
workplace inspection. (10 marks)
‘Ans. 9. (2) When planning asafety tour ofthe workplace the following factors
should be considered:
‘© The eason forthe tour eg. kaw requires it
© Thelocation or area
(© Date, time and duration.
0 Tourmembers.
(© Typevie announced or unannounced )
10 @)
o)
‘Ans. 10-(2)
Method ~ checklist or observation.
Results of previous tours
Remedial acon and timescales.
Compary rules ad standards
-Areport ofa wore inspection sheudindide the follwing
© Tie
© Invoduction
© Personscondicing the inspection,
Summary findings
ood ad tae practices
Priory of corectve actions
Breaches oflegiation
Costimpications.
Photographs
Concsion.
Recommendations
Outline the factors that should be considered during an invesigation of
major acdentin the worklce (00 mars)
Cutie te information that should be recorded in an accident book
(a0 marks)
During an vestigation of a major accident in the workplace:
Ensure appropiate first-aid treatment
Inform the next of in
Isolate the area
Get the names of witnesses.
Note the location and time of day
[Note the weather conditions.
Establish the facts and take photographs,
Establish appropiate records training, maintenance, etc
Set up aninvestgation team,
Establish the root causes,
Establish the immediate causes.
oo 00
000000
e000 0000000
23 (®) Anaccident book should recore:
000000
[Name ofthe injured person,
‘Address ofthe injured person.
Date of birth ofthe inured person.
description of the juny.
‘The fst-aid apped,
Name ofthe first-aid
Signature of the frstaider
24 IGC -2 Element 1: Workplace Hazards and Risk Control
Short Questions
|L___ State the primary hazards associated with the movement of people and
vehides. (@mars)
‘Ane. 1. The primary hazards associated with the movernent of people and vehides
© Slips trips and falls on the same level and from height
‘+ Colision with moving veces.
Callison with or being struck by fang object, eg partof load.
‘© Striking aginst fixed or stationary objects.
© Environmental conditions
2 Outline the main hazards that may be expected during the demolition of a
‘multi-storey building (@ marks)
|Ans.2.__ The main hazards found during the demolition of arnult-storey building are:
© Falls from height,
© Faling debris and premature collapse of buising
© Theuseofesplosives.
(© Noise from equipment and heavy plant.
(© Production of dust possibly including asbestos.
(© Hazardous materials from previous uses ofthe buldng,
(© Cellars, vais and voids affecting the stability of adjacent premises.
(©The presence of services not necessarily underground services), €9, ge
‘electricity and water.
3, Identify the main hazards associated with excavation work ona construction
site (mars)
3. The mainhazards associated with excavations are:
‘© Falsof persons/equipmentmaterial into excavations.
‘© Contact with buried services.
‘© Vibration caused by machinery ad vehides nearby may lad tothe
colapse ofthe excavation.
‘+ Loose or unstable earth around an excavation or atthe bottom ray
colapse. 4 @)
Ans. 4.(2)
©)
5. @
)
@
)
Water ingress or loocing may oc
‘There maybe contarinated ground atthe ste of excavation
Diagng ray uncover buried materials or contained tonic an
_asphypiaing atmospheres hazardous to heath
Vehides(e. mobile cranes, robe pant) ray fal ito the sxcavations.
\Vehides pasing too close to an excavation may cause the ies to
colepse.
Give FOUR reasons why something may fal roma height on a
construction ste mats)
Deseribe FOUR control measures to prevent items fling from 2
height. (4 marks)
‘On a construction site, something may fll from aheight de to:
Deterioration ofthe structure
Inappropriate storage.
Poor housekeeping
GGapsin the platform,
Lack of edge protection.
Incorrect methods for iting or lowering.
(Only fourare required)
Control measures to prevent items fling fom aheght are
(© Physical safeguards — barter, close boarding use of rets and
tocboards.
© Supenision,
Good housekeeping
(© Procedures and safe systems of work
e000
Cutline the main hazards associated with the use ofladcers at work
Gat)
Describe how ladder hazard may be eliminated or reduced,
(S marks)
‘The main hazards associated with the use of ladders at work are:
(© Poor maintenance
(© Incorrectuse ofthe ladder
© Incorrect footing
Ladder hazards may be eliminated or reduced by.
© Correct inspection 6
7
ans7,
0000000
Comect storage
Comect securing
The comect angle (1:4 075" to the horizonta.
Conect section we
“airing of operators
Tied to structure
Footed,
tong enough
Identify EIGHT safe practices tobe flowed when using skip forthe
Collection and removal of waste from a construction ste. (mars)
|Ans.6. Safe practices when using ap to collect and remove waste from a
construction ste are:
0000000
Making sure the kp is of sound construction.
Locate skip on fin, level round avay rom excavations.
‘Clear access for fling the skip and its renal bya vehicle aay fom,
the ste
Filing by means ofa chute or mechanical mens (unless done by hah.
Controls to prevent ove ing,
Controls to prevent tipping (disposal of incompatible wastes.
Use of netting or sheeting covers when skips ful
Fire safety procedures,
Need to site anay from buiings
[Need to protectagainst arson,
(Only eight are required)
‘Outline FOUR factors that may increase the rskof violence inthe workplace
(mars)
“The rsk of violence inthe workplace may be inceased by.
°
The handing of ash
‘Contact with the pubc/customers where a request may be refused.
Contact with an authority gure eg atric warden,
Contac sith customes/ients under the influence of dirk or rugs Long Questions
8. Maintenance workers are replacing fluorescent tubes inthe roof space of
‘busy werehouse using a mobile elevating working platform (MEWP)
@
@
entity the possible hazards assocated withthe task. (8 marks)
Outline measures tobe taken to ensure the safety of the meitenance
workers and others who maybe affected bythe wore. (12marks)
‘Ais, 8.(j)_ The hazards associated with the task would include:
wo
Working at height withthe possbiiyoffaling
CCorring into contact with eletica fitings.
“Tapping in the mechanism of the MEWP
Instabilty ofthe MEWP caused by sloping or uneven floors.
Being truceby an overhead traveling cane.
Collision between a vehicle and the MEWP.
‘Materials and tools fling from a height.
Contact with broken gas.
Environmental hazards such as excess heat insufficient ighting and
dust exposure
000000000
‘The control measures that should be ten to ensure the safety of the
‘meintenance workers an the other employees
(© Choosing atime to carry out the work when the warehause i ess
busy
© Correct postoning ofthe MEWP
(© Avniding slopes and uneven floors.
(© Ensure cutiggess are fully extended and locked in poston and
brakes applied before the platform is ase.
Enoure that guarcall are fitted to the platform.
‘Arrange for the isolation ofthe overhead cranes to prevent their
moverment,
(© Make sue thatthe platform cf the MEWP islowered before
moving to anew poston.
(© Use barers and warring signs to prevent access of other people
into the working area,
(© _Estabish the competence of re MEWP driver and maintenance
‘workers ivohed in replacing the uorescent tubes. “
(Note: Comrectidentfcation of the hazarisin the frst pat of the
_answer gives a suitable scheme for outing the control measuresin the
‘second part)
Damaged conugated roofing sheets ona single storey factory areto be
replaced. Access to the roof will be via a mobile tower scaffold.
o
“
«iy
Identity the hazards key to be encountered during such work.
(6 mars)
(Outline the precautions needed to ensuethe safe use ofthe mobile
tower scaffold. (Gmars)
Cutline further precautions that may be required to contal the
hazards identified in part (). (marks)
(The hazards associated with working on the mile tower scaffold
‘would include:
(© Working at height withthe poss of faling
(© Falls of material.
(© Exposure to extreme weather coritions.
(© Use of work equipment, ncucinc access equipment.
© Manual handing.
(© Werk on or near fragile roofing materials
‘Contact with hazardous substances including asbestos.
“The precautions needed to ensure safe use ofthe mobile tower scaffold
include
a
(© Ensuring thatthe rato ofthe height ofthe tower to its base
imersionis correct.
(©The provision of adequate ciagoral bracing
(© Awarking platform which sfulyboarded with toe boards and
guardaisin place.
A safe means of acess to the platform.
Means of locking the wheels ofthe tower when workis being
carried out.
‘The use of ouviggers.
(© Checking thatthe condition of the ground on which the toweris
sites suitable (Le level and fm),
(© Only competent people erect and inspect the scaffold,
Further precautions required to control hazards encountered wien
replacing roofing sheets: oo 000
Provision and use of roof ladders.
Crewing boards.
Protection of oof edges and voids,
Hamesses,
‘The prowsion of hosts, chutes and covered skips forthe removal of
(ld roof materials.
Protection of those working below (eg, barr, netting. signs
safety hamesses
[Isolation of overhead services (electricity) and ensuring safe
stances.
Use ofow reduced vatage or RCDs for potable electric tools
Protection agains extreme weather conditions.
Stable precautions if asbestos sheeting involved (Le. avid
breaking up asbestos sheeting. use of respiratory protection,
‘overal, damping down, ensuring safe disposal of waste)
Element 2: Transport Hazards and Risk Control
1
Cutline the precautions that might be needed to ensure the safety of
pedestrians in areas where vehicles ae n use, (@ mats)
‘Ans.1._Toensure the safety of pedestians and vehids and to prevent ther coming
into contact with each other the folowing precautions shouldbe used
oo 000000
2
Segregation of pedestrians and vee
Separte pedestian ard vehicle routes
Speedlimit forvehices.
Sonageaucio and/or visual alas
oad marking
“rirng of divers
Guarding and bariers.
Maintenance of flor and afc routs
Employee avareness
Identify FOUR factors to consider when selecting potential crvers for
wenkplace transport and equipment (Brmarist
‘Ans. When selecting potential divers for workplace transport and equipment the
following fctors shouldbe taken into consideration: ‘Ans. 3
Ans. 4.
200000
°
‘Competence,
airing in use of any special features or requirement.
‘Age— generally at least 17 years old,
Reliable
Able to perform takin a responsible manner
Reasonable fitness.
Reasonable inteigence.
(Only four factors are required)
State FOUR reasors why a forklft truck may overtumin the workplace
(mars)
‘A fort truck may overtum due to:
Loss of control
Speed of travel
‘Steepness ofa slope.
“Taveling with arise lad,
Uneven tyre pressure
Poorly: maintained road surfaces.
Environmental consitions
© Wind,
e000 000
(Only four reasons are required)
(Outline the means by which the risk of accidents fom reversing vehicles
within a workplace can be reduced. (@mais)
Accidents from reversing vehicles canbe reduced by:
(© Avciding the need for vehicles to reverse one-way or drive through
systems, turing circles, ete.
‘Separation of vehicles and pedestrians ~ use of bares and signs
‘suitable vehicle and workplace design — audible alas, mitrors on
vehicles and at blind comers, refuges, adequatelighing, et
(© Procedural measures ~ use of banksmen, good ste ules driver training,
et, Long Questions
Aas. 5.
A high percentage of the many fatal accidents which occur every year are
‘caused by workers being stuck by vehies,
(Outline the necessary precautions to reduce risks of vehicle accidents
(20 marks)
‘The precautions which can be used to reduce the risk of vehi accidents wil
include the flowing:
(© Roadsters cleat and one-way traffic clearly marked,
‘Space fr parking, reversing, loading and unloading,
Use of cossings and white and yeliow lines.
Vehices not allowed to reverse unless necessary and then only with a
banksren and controls, ke alarms.
‘Avoiding sharp bends,
Protection of wuinerable plant,
Barriers
Segregetion of pedestrians and vehicles
Pakingareas
Maintenance of roadways
‘Speed its and resrctors,
Signage.
000
00000000 Anh
2
Aas, 2
Ans.3
Element 3: Musculoskeletal Hazards and Risk
Control
Identify FOUR spect types of injury that could be caused by anual handing
ofloads. (mars)
‘Speci types of injury caused by incorrect manual handling loads are:
© Backinjris.
Musce stains and sprains.
Heras
Cts abrasions and bruises,
Bone injuries, particularly to toes and fingers.
‘WRULDs.
© Musculosteletal disorders
(Only fourare required)
oo000
Identify the FOUR main factors to consider when carryingoout amarual
handing assessment. Give an exarnple for EACH, (@maris)
The four main factors to consider in armanual handling asecsent ar:
Thee eg ist heay?
The individual e«, does the load require unus srength?
The task, eg. how far the load to be ariel?
‘The envionment, eg isthe floor even?
(2) Outline a good iting technique thet could be adopted by parson
when fing load from the ground (mats)
{b) Give TWO examples of how ren handing ak could be aided
(mar
0°
°
(2) The following are important to ensure a safe iting technique:
‘Sop and think.
Assess the weight ofthe load.
Bend the knees
Keep the back straight.
Get agood grip onthe load,
Use of body weight.
Keep the lad close to the body.
ecco 000 Dot twist the body
Poston the feet sight apart.
Keep the shoulders and hips in ine (ame direction)
Lift steadily using the leg muscles to straighten up.
eo 000
(b) The taskcan be avoided by mecharsation and use of
o FS
© Hoists
© Cranes
© Conveyors
(Remember that the use of sack trucks and smaller loads does NOT
‘avoid manual handing in the context of the question)
4 When selecting acrane for aliting operation, outline the steps to tke in
rmeintaing a safe system of work (marks)
Ans. 4. ‘The steps to be taken are
(© Planning the it.
© Correct selection of crane.
(© Correct selection of iting tackle
(© Ensure the competence of the crane driver and singer
(© Ensure there's avalid and current test certificate,
5, __Astoremanis engaged ir pacing boxes of metal components by hand onto
shebes
(List FOUR types ofinjury to which the storeman ray be at risk wile
carrying out the operation (4 mars)
Outline the factors in relation tothe task that wll affect thersk of
injury. (mars)
Ans. 5, (Types ofijury tel to be suffer:
(© Backinjries and other muscular skeletal disorders.
Muscuar problems ~ strains and sprains,
Heras.
Cuts, abrasions and bnising to hands and toes.
Bone injuries to hands and feet
Work-related upper limb disorder (WRULDS).
20000
10 Ans 6.
Ars],
(i) Factors relating to THIS taskare:
Distance ofthe load from the body.
‘Movements that include twisting, stooping or reaching upwards
Excesve lifting or lowering
‘Sudden or jerking movements.
Excessive periods of physical effort.
Lencth of rest periods doing other types of work,
‘An imposed rate of doing work.
0000000
(2) Explain the meaning ofthe term ergonomics: (mats)
(©) Outline the i-health effects that canbe caused by poorly designed
workstations, (6 mats)
{@) Ergonomics’ means iting the job tothe person
(©) Workstations that are poorly designed without considering
ergonomics can cause the following ihealth effects:
Physical stress de to poor posture
Visual probles due to excessive brightness.
(© Mental stress due to excessive demands.
(© WRULDs tendonitis tenosynovitis carpal tunnel syndrome.
°
Identify the factors that should be considered during an assessment of @DSE
workstation. (@ mets)
“The following factors should be considered when assessing a DSE
workstation
‘The seating i opproprate
‘Theres spaceforthe hands infront ofthe keyboard
‘The keyboars separate from the screen.
The screenisatthe correct height
‘The environmental conditions ae sultable — ighting, temperature and
humility,
(©. The cables are safely managed.
eo 000
a Long Question
8 (@)_Identily the FOUR min factors tobe considered when crying out
rmanualhanding assessment (@ mars)
(©) Outline steps to reduce the rks rom manual handing tats and ie an
example in EACH case (16 mars)
{Ans 8. (a) The four main factors to consider in raul handing assessments ae:
Theta
© Theload
© Theindhidua
(© Theworkng enironment.
(b) ‘The steps that should be taken to reduce the risks from manual
handling tasks are as folows:
°
°
Eliminate the need to carry out manual handing tasks, 9
redesn the ask to ave manual handing together
ITthisis not possible minimise the risk to as ow asis reasonably
practicable by using mechanical ids, a tole to tae the
weight
Give inforatoninstiuction and tnining to employees eg
training in comet iting technique.
Look tenvionmenta colons eg redesign the worstation
to improve acces tothe load and any equipment used
12 I Element 4: Work Equipment Hazards and Risk
[ Control
\ 2 Outline the actorsthat would ensue apiece of work equipments suitable
forure (@ mari)
Ua ere tented wekenimen sain tmst
{ © Becapabe of being maintained
© Be preided with information ad instructions fore.
| (© Have an appropriate control system with start stop and emergency
conta.
Inthe EU it must meet requirements of EU standards and be CE marked.
Have appropriate ighting
Have appropriate warning signs
Be stable
eo 000
r 2 Outline precautions forthe safe use of hand ld tools (mats)
l ‘Ans.2. control stategy forthe safe use of han-held tools consists of
Appropriate training,
Correct maintenance.
Visual checks.
‘Appropriate PPE.
eo 000
3. Identify, using an example in EACH case, FOUR mechanical hazards
‘associated with machinery, (@ mars)
ns.3 Mecharical hazards associated with machinery are
Il (© Crushing, eg, trapping a finger betwee moving parts when opening a
photocopier
Shearing eg. rapping a finger while using an office guiotine.
Cutting or severing eg. coring into contact wth the blade of a
banca
Entanglement, eg aloose cuf geting caught in an abrasive whee.
Drawing: in eg. finger being dram in while using @ document
shredder (© Impact, eg.with a robot making unanticipated mavernents.
(© Stabbing or puncture, eg. bya sewing machine neecle,
© Friction or abrasion, eg coming ito contact with a sender,
(Only fourarerequied)
(Outline FOUR nor-mecharicl hazards found in using machinery alin
EACH case givean example. (@ mars)
Non-mechanicl hazards asocated with machinery ae
(© Noise, eg. fom a finer owes lating o temporary hearing oss
‘Vibration eg, from a chensw, leading to vascular orders
Electret, eg a faut dil causing electric sodcor bums.
Temperture eg bums from acuting torch
Radiation, eg from an X-ray machine, leading tothe development of
Substances, e9 inhaling sandust from the working process
Ergonomics eg, sess from the need to keep pace with a conveyor
sister,
(Only four are required)
(Outline FOUR guarding methods for machinery and, in EACH case give an
ooo 0
example mars)
‘The following are guarding methods for machinery:
(© Fred guard, eg, to enclose belt-drive mechanism.
Distance quar, ea fied perimeter fence round a machine.
Interlocking guard, eg to protect from the auting operation ofa lathe,
Tip device, eg.a vip bar qua fitted to a pila dil
Adjustable quad, eg for the cutter on a ming machine.
Selajusting guard, eg, ona metal-atting save
oc 0000
Tworhanded control, eg. ona power press.
(Only fourare required)
14 Long Ques
6
Ans.6.
)
@
A
‘A bench-mounted ciculr-sawis being used in awerkshop to cut wood in
the manufacture of wooden pallets
@
o
©
@
Identify FOUR risks to the health of the saw operators. (4 marks)
Identify FOUR risks tothe safety ofthe operators. (4 marks)
(Outline FIVE non-mechanical hazards assodated with machinery and
in EACH case descibe how the associated risks canbe minimised.
(@2marks)
Risks to health woud incude:
(© Hearing damage,
© Hand-arm vibration.
© Respiratory problems (e.g. asthma, nasal cancer lung cancer
© Dermatitis
Ricks to safety (Le. and resutng in injuries) would incude:
(© Injuries caused by entanglement on rotating parts suchas the
spindle ofthe blade an transmission (ger-crven pars).
(© Flying partes of wood and ejection of wood (and any metal
fragments of blade) causing injury
(© Manual handing injuries.
(© Electrocution or electrical burs.
(0 Injuries due to slips trips and falls
Five non-mechanical hazards would include:
© Noise.
°
Gectiiy
Vibration.
Dust from a process being worked.
Musculo-skeletal dsorders from manual handing during the
process,
Temperature
Radiation
000
°
‘The risks from these non-mechanical hazards canbe minimised by.
(© Noise — use hearing protection where noise cannot be reduced,
© Electricity ~ carry out regular test andl inspection of electrical
equipment.
15 (© Vibration ~ ensure machine maintained in good condition — use
vibration-resistant gloves,
© Dust contain an cole dhatat suure-ur uxea dusters
(© Musculo-seletal disorders — use sae iting techniques and
‘mechanical iting aids wherever possible to handle materials on
and off the machine
(© Temperature — wear heet-resistant clothing to minimise contact
with hot parts
‘© Radiation ~ isolate the machine within radiological protective
area se approprate precautions suchas PPE, shielding, fm-
badges ete
Element 5: Electrical Safety
L__Outline the first-aid treatment that should be gen following an electric
shock. (8 marks)
Aes. ‘Action to be taken following an electric shock
(© Break ary contact using non-conductive materia or slate the supply.
(© Atificial respiration should commence immediately and continue until
either the victim recovers or mecca staff intervene.
(© Emergency medical attention should alwys be sought as there is ask
ofnternal injury
2. Identify and describe FOUR protective systems that can be incorporated
within an electrical circuit (@maris)
Ans.2. The folowing protective systems can be incorporated within an electrical
cra
(© Fuse ~acts as aweak link.
Circuit breaker — acs as a week lnk
Earthing ~ prevents current from being cared
|solation — physical separates the electricity ftom the power source.
‘Switching off - deprives the equipment of power whilst reraining
‘connected to the supply
Low voltage using a transformer — reduces the effect of any shock
Residual current device.
(© Double insulation - encloses the ite from danger.
(Only four are required)
0000
°
16 Ans. 3.
Ans. 4.
Ans.5.
Outline the practica measures to reduce the tsk of injury horn eecticiy
when using portable electrical tools ona constuction site. (8 marks)
‘The following practical measures shouldbe used to reduce the risk of injury
‘when using portable electrical too:
(© Use of reduced voltage by means ofa 110v centre tapped step-down
tronsformer
(© Use of double insulated (lass equipment) or battery operated
(cordless) equipment.
(© Use of tool with residual current devices which protect individuals by
‘pdy disconnecting the power in the event ofa fault ocauing
Ensuring earth continuity.
Ensuring frequent and regular testing
‘Avoiding use in wet conditions/weather
Carrying out regia visual inspections and user checks
(Note:The context given sin the use of the equipment ona constuction
ste, but this could equally be in any other emote area where snlar
conditions app)
e000
(Outline FOUR control measures relating to the safety of electrical
appliances. (@ marks)
Control measures relating tothe safety of electrical appliances are
Proper selection of suitable equipment.
‘The use of protective devices.
Effective inspection and maintenance by competent persons.
Visual user checks
2000
(2) Describe the possible effects ofelecticty onthe body. (4 marks)
(©) Outline FOUR factors that may affect the severity of injury resulting
from contact with electri. (a maris)
(@) The folowing effects may be seen on the body on contact wth,
electricity.
(© Burs are the most key effects with the main stes of damage
being ent'y and ext points of electricity with possible cbmage to
intemal ogens.
(© Other effets could include interference with nerve andmusde
v ©)
Ans. 6
action which ieads to involuntary rp and caro-vasur effects,
leading to disruption of heart rhythm and pessibly death,
Factors affecting the severty of injury fom contact with elecity
indude:
‘The nature ofthe current (AC/DC)
‘The frequency and level of the cunt.
‘The length of time thatthe current ows through he bod.
‘The votage involved
Individual body resistance due to age, ex sweat onthe skin
surface and existing medical conditions.
(Only four are required)
Long Questions
‘A20-year-od joiner received an electric shock from ahanc-held 230d
while iting wooden floorboards in anew construction. The dil ws ve
‘yeas old and had never been tested. The joiner was not serous injured
(@) Identify the factors that may hve ited the severity tinjury this
time. (4mars)
(©) Outline the physical effects onthe body thatthe lectcal contact
could have caused under cferent circumstances
00000
(4mars)
(G)_ Describe the types of inspection and/or test thatthe fill should
hhave had. Also, identify the features that shouldbe checked by EACH
‘ype of inspection and te factor that might affect the Fequency of
exarinationvtest (G2marks)
(2) Factors leading to limitation ofthe curent:
(0. High earth path resistance due to wooden floor or dry conditions.
(©The age and health ofthe joiner
© Thelengt of contac time ~ posi reduced by sped of action
offuse or contact breaker
(6) Physical effects onthe body
(© Bums-main shes of érage ing etry and est rins of
lectrity wih posible damageto intemal organs
© Interference with nerve and muse acon -resutsin spasm and/
orinvoluntary grip, cardio-vascular effects, eg, carcacantiythmia,
respiratory arest and possibly cardiac arest and dest in severe
cases
18 87.
(6) Three types onspection exist atten levels of importance
© First caried out by the user Goin)
(© Visual check of genera contiton for damage or overheating
integrity of plug socket and cable
Shouldbe cared out at every use
‘Second ~ formal, periodic visual inspection - week or monthly
dependent on gmount of use and conditions of use.
(© _Inspect equipment, connectors (lug socket) and cable. Also
check correct fuse rating
(© Third—carried out by competent person at three monthly si
‘monthly or year intervals deperdent on extent and conditions of
use. Combined inspection nd test (PAT),
(© Checks that the equipments working correctly and for potential
faults, eg loss of earth integrity, deterioration of insulation and
possibly contamination of intern and extemal surfaces.
‘When using hand-held electrical tools at 220 ~ 240v AC, suchasina factory
workshop
(2) Outline the possble hazards (@ mars)
(b) Describe the suitable precautions that should be taken to control
these hazards (12.marks)
(2) Possible hazards when using 220-240V, hand-held electrical tools are:
(© Electric shock
© Bums
orig
(© Explosion,
(© Secondary effects, such as alls.
(©) _ The following precautions shoul be taen to contro such hazards:
© Reduced voltage,
Fuses,
Residial current devices
Farthing
Double insulation.
Testing.
‘Visual inspection,
Favourable environmental concitons.
0000000
19 Element 6 Fire Safety
1 (@)_ Explain, using a simple sketchy the signticance ofthe “fire triangle’
(mats)
(©) Identify TWO methods of heat transferand explain how EACH
method can contribute to the spread of fe in work premises.
(4 mats)
‘Ars.1. (a) Tangle to show three standard elements: fuel, ygen and ignition.
(b) Methods of heat transfer inckue:
© Conduction eg arse trough met bert azn yo).
(© Radiation heat radiated through air affecting material ata
distance)
Convection (upward transfer of heat via gases 29 air)
Contact/direct buming (heat sources rein direct contact with
‘combustible material causing ignition).
2 Describe FOUR dasses offre and explain whut they involve. (8 marks)
‘Ans.2. Fires are dassfied as follows
Class A ~ combustible materia
(lass B fires involving liquids
(lass € ~fres involving gases
e000
(Class D metal fires, eg aluminium or sodium,
(© Cass F~ fires fuelled by cooking fats, eg chip-pan fires,
(Only four clases offre are required)
3 (@) Identify TWO way in which an alarm canbe raisedin the event ofa
fire in a workplace (mars)
(b) Outline the isues to consider in the selection and sting of portable
fire extinguishers. (Grads)
‘Ans.3. (2) The two waysin which an alarm could be activated are:
(© Automatic methods, eg smoke detectors.
© Manually operated, eg, beak glass alarms
20 As.
Ane 5.
{b) The ssuesto consider would be:
© Selection:
= Type of exinguisher should relate to the type offre
= _ Number provided wouid be relative to size of prerises.
© Siting issues would indude:
= Access
= Visibility
~ Proximity to exits and escape routes
= Tove stances from extinguisher to possible fre location.
Means of supporting equipment rom ground and without
causing obstruction.
= Need protection ftom weather
= Protect from other sources of damage
Outline the FOUR main methods of heat transfer that may be involved in
the spread of fire, within a building, (@marks)
The four main methods of heat transfer ae:
© Direct buring: rect contac between the burning material and
accent fuel sources
© Conduction: where heats transfered trough a conducing material
(eg. metal without the conductr itself bung
© Convection: asthe htar and gases ise from te fre, cooler ais
