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11 Predisposing Factors: Genetics, Age, Gender, Race Precipitating Factors: Stress, Obesity,, DM

This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension. It lists predisposing factors like genetics, age, gender, and race that can increase risk. Chronic inflammation and overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system can also contribute. Precipitating factors include stress, obesity, substance abuse, diabetes, and kidney dysfunction. This leads to increased production of stress hormones like catecholamines and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention, and increased blood pressure. Over time, this can damage blood vessels and organs, potentially causing heart attack, stroke, kidney failure or vision loss.

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Nicoh Avila
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40 views3 pages

11 Predisposing Factors: Genetics, Age, Gender, Race Precipitating Factors: Stress, Obesity,, DM

This document outlines the pathophysiology of hypertension. It lists predisposing factors like genetics, age, gender, and race that can increase risk. Chronic inflammation and overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system can also contribute. Precipitating factors include stress, obesity, substance abuse, diabetes, and kidney dysfunction. This leads to increased production of stress hormones like catecholamines and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention, and increased blood pressure. Over time, this can damage blood vessels and organs, potentially causing heart attack, stroke, kidney failure or vision loss.

Uploaded by

Nicoh Avila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Predisposing Factors:

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Genetics, Age,
Gender, Race

Chronic
Inflammation

Heart Rate
Vascular
Resistance

Precipitating Factors:
Stress, Obesity,
Nutrients, Substance
abuse, DM, Kidney

StimulationOver
-activity of SNS

RAAS
Dysfunction

production of
catecholamine

Increased Blood
Glucose level

Renin

Peripheral
Vascular

Activationof
Aldosteronengi
Raas

Insulin
Damage
in Blood
resistance
vessels and arteries

Kidney and
Sodium
Water renin
produces
Retention
Renin catalyzes
Blood
angiotensinogen
Volume
and converts to
angiotensin 1

Glucose
Inc. risk of
Vascular changes
having
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

Angiotensin 1
converted to
Angiotensin 2 in

Angiotensin 2
increases ADH
secretion

Angiotensin 2
stimulates adrenal
Tissue Ischemia cortex
Water retention
Adrenal cortex
release aldosterone
End Organ
Dysfunction

Sodium
reabsorption

Decreased
size of
lumen of
arteries
and veins

Hyperten
sion
Peripheral Vascular
Resistance

Angiotensin II

Sodium and
Water
Retention

Hypertrophy of
myocardium
associated to
hypertension

Vascular
remodelling
Weak blood
vessels

Platelet
aggregation

Atherosclerosis

Endothelial
dysfunction

endomethel
in
(vasoconstrictor)

nitric oxcide

Smooth muscle
contraction

Tissue Ischemia
Anaerobic
metabolism
Lactic Acid fomation

Pain

Heart

Mayocardial
ischemia, MI
Chest pain

Kidney

Chronic
Urine
output
Kidney

Death

Stroke,
Transient
Head ache,
Brain
ischemic
dizziness,
attack,
fatigue, Acute
brainin
changes
infarction,
mentation,
Cerebral
sensorium
thrombosis,

Eyes
Blurring of
Retinal
vision,
double
Vascular
vision, and
sclerosis,
Loss
other
visual

Arterial vessels of lower


extremities

Claudication,
painful
Gangrene

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