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How To Do Some Calculus in Sage

Sage can perform basic calculus operations like differentiation, integration, and solving differential equations. The document provides examples of using Sage to take derivatives of functions with respect to variables, compute indefinite and definite integrals, find the partial fraction decomposition of a function, and solve simple differential equations. The syntax for differentiation, integration, and solving differential equations in Sage is demonstrated.

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47 views2 pages

How To Do Some Calculus in Sage

Sage can perform basic calculus operations like differentiation, integration, and solving differential equations. The document provides examples of using Sage to take derivatives of functions with respect to variables, compute indefinite and definite integrals, find the partial fraction decomposition of a function, and solve simple differential equations. The syntax for differentiation, integration, and solving differential equations in Sage is demonstrated.

Uploaded by

neverwolf
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© © All Rights Reserved
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How to Do Some Calculus in Sage

These examples are from the Sage Tutorial and the Sage Constructions.
I suggest that you download the Tutorial as a PDF, since the partial differentiation
symbols, and other symbols, do not show up on the web version (even in Firefox).
The Constructions are not available (as of 4/23/08) as a PDF, but only on-line.

Basic differentiation and integration


(Sage Tutorial section 2.10.1)

To compute
d sin(x2) /dx4 :
4

sage: diff(sin(x^2), x, 4)
16*x^4*sin(x^2) - 12*sin(x^2) - 48*x^2*cos(x^2)
Notice the syntax:
diff (function, var wrt you are differentiating, how many times)
To compute, (x2+17y2)/ x, (x2+17y2)/ y
sage: x, y = var(x,y)
The line above tells Sage that you have variables x and y
sage: f = x^2 + 17*y^2
The line above defines the function
sage: f.diff(x)
2*x
sage: f.diff(y)
34*y
Notice the syntax for differentiating f with respect to x or y.
To compute x sin(x2) dx, 01 x/(x2+1) dx:
sage: integral(x*sin(x^2), x)
-cos(x^2)/2
sage: integral(x/(x^2+1), x, 0, 1)
log(2)/2
Notice the syntax. The integral operator takes either 2 parameters for an
indefinite integral or 4 for a definite integral.

To compute the partial fraction decomposition of 1/(x21) :


sage: f = 1/((1+x)*(x-1))
sage: f.partial_fraction(x)
1/(2*(x - 1)) - 1/(2*(x + 1))
sage: print f.partial_fraction(x)
1
1
--------- - --------2 (x - 1)
2 (x + 1)
The following example is from Constructions
http://www.sagemath.org/doc/html/const/index.html
Section 2.1 on Differentiation
http://www.sagemath.org/doc/html/const/node4.html
sage: var('x k w')
(x, k, w)
sage: f = x^3 * e^(k*x) * sin(w*x); f
x^3*e^(k*x)*sin(w*x)
sage: f.diff(x)
k*x^3*e^(k*x)*sin(w*x) + 3*x^2*e^(k*x)*sin(w*x) + w*x^3*e^(k*x)*cos(w*x)
sage: print diff(f, x)
3
k x
2
k x
3
k x
k x
e
sin(w x) + 3 x
e
sin(w x) + w x
e
cos(w x)

Notes:
1. latex(any expression) will give you the LaTeX version of that expression.
2. You can use Sages interface to Maxima for solving ODEs
http://www.sagemath.org/doc/html/const/node11.html

Simple ODEs from the above section of Constructions:


sage: maxima.de_solve('diff(y,x,2)
y=3*x-2*%e^(x-1)
sage: maxima.de_solve('diff(y,x,2)
y=%k1*%e^x+%k2*%e^-x+3*x
sage: maxima.de_solve('diff(y,x) +
y=(%c-3*(-x-1)*%e^-x)*%e^x
sage: maxima.de_solve('diff(y,x) +
y=-%e^-1*(5*%e^x-3*%e*x-3*%e)

+ 3*x = y', ['x','y'], [1,1,1])


+ 3*x = y', ['x','y'])
3*x = y', ['x','y'])
3*x = y', ['x','y'],[1,1])

The Tutorial (section 2.10) has examples using Laplace transforms and
iteration.

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