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Calaquian, Carl Alvin M. - Mondero, Raymond T. - : Stem (t-3, X) Stem ( - (t-3) - 3, X)

This document contains code for signal processing operations on an audio signal including filtering. It designs lowpass, highpass, bandpass and stop filters and applies them to a recorded audio signal. It takes the Fourier transform of the original and filtered signals and plots the magnitude spectra. For the lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters, it describes how the waveform and audio are affected, noting that high/low frequencies are attenuated as expected. For the stop filter, it says the audio did not noticeably change from the original.

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Carl
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72 views9 pages

Calaquian, Carl Alvin M. - Mondero, Raymond T. - : Stem (t-3, X) Stem ( - (t-3) - 3, X)

This document contains code for signal processing operations on an audio signal including filtering. It designs lowpass, highpass, bandpass and stop filters and applies them to a recorded audio signal. It takes the Fourier transform of the original and filtered signals and plots the magnitude spectra. For the lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters, it describes how the waveform and audio are affected, noting that high/low frequencies are attenuated as expected. For the stop filter, it says the audio did not noticeably change from the original.

Uploaded by

Carl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Calaquian, Carl Alvin M.

Mondero, Raymond T.

[email protected]
[email protected]

30
1.
x=[-2 4 -1 -3 5 8 2 -5]; t=0:length(x)1;
a. x(n)
stem(t-3, x);

c. x(-n+3)
stem(-(t-3)-3,x);

b. x(-n)
stem(-(t-3), x);

d. 3x(n+4)
stem((t-3)-4,3*x);

e. -2x(n-3)

g. 4x(3n-2)

stem((t-3)+3,-2*x);

stem((t-3)/3+2,4*x);

f. x(3n+2)
stem((t-3)/3-2,x);

2.

3.

x = [-2 0 -1 -3 1 2 -2 -3];

a.

t=0:length(x)-1;
stem(t-4,x)

a=[3 3 2]; roots(a)


ans =
-0.5000 + 0.6455i
-0.5000 - 0.6455i
b.
b=[4 -9 0 8 -10]; roots(b)
ans =
2.0649
-1.1204
0.6528 + 0.8090i
0.6528 - 0.8090i

h=[1 2 -1 1 -2];
t=0:length(h)-1;

4.

stem(t-4,h)

a.
A=[-5 -3 -5 -3]; poly(A)
ans =
1

16

94 240 225

b.
B=[4 3 5 -2];poly(B)
ans =
1 -10

23

34 -120

5.
a.
x=[4 2 -1 3]; y=poly([3 -2 1]);
[a,b,c]=residue(x,y)
a=

12.6000

>> Fs=11025;

-1.2667

>> mondero2=wavrecord(5*Fs,Fs,
'double');

-1.3333

b=

plot(mondero2)

3.0000
-2.0000
1.0000
c=
4

b.
[x,y]=residue(a,b,c)
c.

x=
4.0000

2.0000 -1.0000

3.0000

y=
1.0000 -2.0000 -5.0000
roots(y)
ans =

Give comments: The audio has some


background noise.
d.

6.0000

Npoint=512; Yfft=fft(mondero,Npoint);
w=(0:Npoint/2-1)/(Npoint/2*(Fs/2));
figure(2);plot(w,abs([Yfft(1:Npoint/2)'])
);

-2.0000
3.0000
1.0000

Yes it is similar to the original


equation.

6.a

7. Lowpass

a
fs=11025; fc=2000; w=fc/(fs/2);
[b,a]=fir1(6,w);zplane(b,a)
a=
1
b=
-0.0027 0.0426 0.2535
0.4130 0.2535 0.0426
-0.0027

b.
[b,a]=fir1(6,2* 2000/Fs);
yfilter=filter(b,a,mondero);
Npoint=512; Yfft=fft(yfilter,Npoint);
w=(0:Npoint/2-1)/(Npoint/2*(Fs/2));
figure(2);plot(w,abs([Yfft(1:Npoint/2)'])
);

impz(b,a)

Describe the waveform: The high


frequency signal was attenuated.
c.

freqz(b,a)

Play the audio and describe what


you hear: High pitch sound seems to
have been reduced..

8. Highpass
fs=11025; fc=1000; w=fc/(fs/2);
[b,a]=fir1(6,w,'high');zplane(b,a)
a=
1
b=
-0.0083 -0.0444 -0.1309
0.8103 -0.1309 -0.0444
-0.0083

b.
yfilter=filter(b,a,mondero2); Npoint=512;
Yfft=fft(yfilter,Npoint); w=(0:Npoint/2-1)/
(Npoint/2*(Fs/2));
figure(2);plot(w,abs([Yfft(1:Npoint/2)']));

impz(b,a)

Describe the waveform: The


magnitude of the low frequency signal
was attenuated compared to the
original waveform.
c.
Play the audio and describe what
you hear:
freqz(b,a)

Low pitch sound seems to have been


reduced.

9. Bandpass
[b,a]=fir1(30,2*[2500 3000]/
(Fs),'bandpass'); zplane(b,a)
a=
1
b=

freqz(b,a)

-0.0002 -0.0057 0.0004


0.0135 -0.0008 -0.0299
0.0013 0.0545 -0.0017
-0.0837 0.0017 0.1115
-0.0013 -0.1316 0.0005
0.1390 0.0005 -0.1316
-0.0013 0.1115 0.0017
-0.0837 -0.0017 0.0545
0.0013
-0.0299 -0.0008
0.0135 0.0004 -0.0057
-0.0002
b.
yfilter=filter(b,a,mondero2);
Npoint=512; Yfft=fft(yfilter,Npoint);
w=(0:Npoint/2-1)/(Npoint/2*(Fs/2));
figure(2);plot(w,abs([Yfft(1:Npoint/2)'])
);

impz(b,a)

Describe the waveform: Signals


outside the cutoff frequency was
attenuated.
c.
Play the audio and describe what
you hear:
Barely recognizable sound was heard.

impz(b,a)

10.
[b,a]=fir1(30,2*[1500 3000]/
(Fs),'stop');zplane(b,a)
a=
1
b=
-0.0004 0.0008 -0.0022
-0.0077 0.0004 0.0173
0.0095 -0.0072 0.0072
-0.0063 -0.0822 -0.0542
0.1415 0.1936 -0.0744
0.7290 -0.0744 0.1936
0.1415 -0.0542 -0.0822
-0.0063 0.0072 -0.0072
0.0095 0.0173 0.0004
-0.0077 -0.0022 0.0008
-0.0004

Freqz(b,a)

yfilter=filter(b,a,mondero2);
Npoint=512; Yfft=fft(yfilter,Npoint);
w=(0:Npoint/2-1)/(Npoint/2*(Fs/2));
figure(2);plot(w,abs([Yfft(1:Npoint/2)'])
);

Describe the waveform: Signals


inside the cutoff frequency was
attenuated.
c.
Play the audio and describe what
you hear:
We didnt noticed a significant
difference from the original recorded
sound.

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