30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

36

A Weld:

a localized coalescence of metals or

nonmetals p
produced either by
y heating
g the
materials to the welding temperature, with
or without the application of pressure, or
by the application
i i off pressure alone and
with or without the use of filler material.

A Joint:

A junction of members or the edge of

members which are to be jjointed or have
been joined

tee joint (T):

a joint between two members located

approximately at right angles to each other
in the form of a T
T.

butt joint:

a joint between two members aligned

approximately
i t l in
i the
th same plane.
l

corner joint:

a joint between two members located

approximately at right angles to each other
in the form of an L.

Lap joint:

lap joint: a joint between two overlapping

members in p
parallel p
planes.

Butt joints:
T joints:
Lap
p jjoints:

Corner joints:

Closed
corner

Open
corner

Butt welds:
Fillet welds:
Sp
pot/Seam welds:
Plug/Slot welds:
Edge welds:

Single bevel

Single V

Single J

Single U

Double bevel

Double V

Double J

Double U

A butt welded butt joint

A fillet welded butt joint

A compound welded butt joint

A fillet welded T joint

A butt welded T joint

A compound welded T joint

backing:

a material placed at the root of a weld joint

for the purpose of supporting molten weld
metal
t l so as to
t facilitate
f ilit t complete
l t joint
j i t
penetration. The material may or may not
fuse into the joint.
joint See also retainer.
retainer

retainer:

Non consumable material, metallic or

nonmetallic, which is used to contain or
shape molten weld metal. See also backing.

Groove angle
R t spacing.
Root
i

Backing

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

46

QW 253
WELDING VARIABLES PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (WPS)
Shield Metal
Metal-Arc
Arc (SMAW)
Paragraph
QW-402
Joints

.1
.4
.10
.11

Legend:
+ Addition
- Deletion

30 53

Brief of Variables
Groove design
Backing
Root spacing
Retainers

> Increase/greater than

< Decrease/less than

Essential

Uphill
Downhill

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

Supplementary
Essential

Forehand
Backhand

Nonessential

Change

47

QW-402.1 A change in the type of groove (Veegroove, U-groove, single-bevel, double-bevel, etc.).
QW-402.4 The deletion of the backing in singlewelded groove welds. Double-welded groove welds are
considered
id d welding
ldi with
i h backing.
b ki
QW-402.10 A change in the specified root spacing.
QW-402.11 The addition or deletion of nonmetallic
retainers or nonfusing metal retainers.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

48

Question: If a WPS states that the GTAW process

sshall
a be used oon root
oo aand
d seco
secondd pass of
o open
ope root
oo or
o
metal backed groove joints and the SMAW process
shall be used on the remainder of the ggroove joint,
j
, is
it necessary to state that the SMAW portion of the
WPS must be pperformed with backing
g ((i.e.,, the
GTAW process)?
R l No.
Reply:
N
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

49

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

50

Base metal:

the metal or alloyy that is welded,, brazed,, or

cut.

Pass:

a single progression of a welding or surfacing

operation
p
along
g a jjoint,, weld deposit,
p , or
substrate. The result of a pass is a weld bead
or layer.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

52

QW 253
WELDING VARIABLES PROCEDURE SPECIFICATIONS (WPS)
Shield Metal
Metal-Arc
Arc (SMAW)
Paragraph

QW-403
Base
Metals

Legend:
+ Addition
- Deletion

30 53

.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.11
.13

Brief of Variables
Group Number
T Limit impact
T/t Limits > 8 in. (200 mm)
T Qualified
t Pass > in. ((13 mm))
P-No. qualified
P-No. 5/9/10

> Increase/greater than

< Decrease/less than

Essential

Uphill
Downhill

Supplementary
Essential

Nonessential

Forehand
Backhand

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

Change

53

QW-403.11 Base metals specified in the WPS shall be

qualified by a procedure qualification test which was
made using base metals in accordance with QW-424.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

54

QW-424.1 Base metals are assigned P-Number in

table QW/QB-422; metals that do not appear in table
QW/QB- 422 are considered to be unassigned metals
except as otherwise defined for base metals having the
same UNS numbers
numbers. Unassigned metals shall be
identified in the WPS and on the PQR by specification,
type and grade, or by chemical analysis and mechanical
properties. The minimum tensile strength shall be defined by the organization which specified the unassigned
metal if the tensile strength of that metal is not defined by
the material specification.
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

55

Base Metal(s)
B
M t l( ) Used
U d for
f
Procedure Qualification Coupon

Base Metals Qualified

One metal from a P-Number to any metal from the

same P- Number

Any metals assigned that P-Number

One metal from a P-Number to any metal from any

other P- Number

Any metal assigned the first P- Number to any metal assigned the second PNumber

One metal from P-No. 3 to any metal from P-No. 3

Any P- No.3 metal to any metal from P- or P- No.3 or 1

O metal
One
t l from
f
P-No.
P N 4 tto any metal
t l from
f
P-No.
PN 4

A P
Any
P- No.
N 4 metal
t l to
t any metal
t l from
f
P-Nos.
P N 44, 33, or 1

One metal from P-No. 5A to any metal from P-No. 5A

Any P-No. 5A metal to any inew from P-Nos. 5A, 4, 3, or 1

One metal from P-No. 5A to a metal from P-No. 4, or PNo. 3,, or P-No. 1

Any P-No. 5A metal to any metal assigned to P-No. 4, 3, or 1

One metal from P-No. 4 to a metal from P-No. 3 or P- No. 1

Any P- No. 4 metal to any metal assigned to P-No. 3 or 1

Any unassigned metal to the same unassigned metal

The unassigned metal to itself

Any unassigned metal to any P- Number metal

The unassigned metal to any metal assigned to the same P- Number as the
qualified metal

Any unassigned metal to any other unassigned metal

The first unassigned metal to the second unassigned metal

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

56

QW/QB-422 FERROUS P-NUMBERS AND S-NUMBERS

Grouping of Base Metals for Qualification
Welding

Brazing

Spec.
No.

Type or
Grade

UNS No.

Minimum
Specified
Tensile, ksi

SA-36

K02600

58

101

C-Mn-Si

Plate, bar, & shape

SA-53

Type S, GR. B

K03005

60

101

C-Mn

Smls pipe

SA-105

K03504

70

101

C-Si

Flanges & Fitting

SA-106

K03006

60

101

C-Si

Smls pipe

SA-516

70

K02700

70

101

C-Mn.Si

Plate

SA-240

Type
yp 304

S30400

75

102

18Cr-8Ni

Plate,, sheet,, & strip

p

API 5L

60

101

C-Mn

Smls. & welded pipe & tubes

PNo.

Group
No.

SNo.

Group
No.

PNo.

SNo.

Nominal
Composition

Product
Form

and so on
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

57

QW-403.8 A change in base metal thickness beyond

the range qualified in QW-451, except as otherwise
permitted by QW-202.4(b).

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

58

QW-451 Procedure Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens

QW-451.1
GROOVE-WELD TENSION TESTS AND TRANSVERSE-BEND TESTS
Range of Thickness T
of Base Metal, Qualified,
in. (mm)
[Note (1) and (2)]
Thickness T of test Coupon Welded,
in. (mm)

Min.

Max.

Type
yp and Number of Tests Required
q
(Tension and Guided-Bend Tests) [Note (2)]
Maximum Thickness t of
Deposited Weld Metal, Qualified,
in. (mm)
[Note (1) and (2)]

Tension,
QW-150

Side
Bend
QW-160

Face
Bend
QW-160

Root
Bend
QW-160

2T

2t

1/16
(1.5)

2T

2t

Note (5)

Over 3/8(10) , but less than (19)

3/16 (5)

2T

2t

Note (5)

( )
((19)) to less than 1 (38)

3/16 ((5))

2T

2t when t < ((19))

2 ((Note(4))
( ))

(19) to less than 1 (38)

3/16 (5)

2T

2t when t (19)

2 (Note(4))

Less than 1/16 (1.5)

1/16 to 3/8 (1.5 to 10), incl.

1 (38) and over

3/16 (5)

8 (200)[Note(3)]

2t when t < (19)

2 (Note(4))

1 (38) and over

3/16 (5)

8 (200)[Note(3)]

8 (2) when t (19)

2 (Note(4))

NOTES:
(1) The following variables further restrict the limits shown in this table when they are referenced in QW-250 for the process under consideration: QW-403.9, QW403.10, QW-403.32, QW-404.32 and QW-407.4. Also, see QW-202.2, QW-202.3, QW-202.4) provide exceptions that supersede the limits of this table.
(2) For combination of welding procedures, see QW-200.4
(3) For the welding processed of QW-403.7 only; other wise per Note (1) or 2T, or 2t, whichever is applicable.
(4) See QW-151 (.1, .2, .3) for details on multiple specimens when coupon thicknesses are over 1 in (25 mm).
(5) Four side-bend tests may be substituted for the required face- and root-bend tests, when thickness T is 3/8 in. (10 mm) and over.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

59

QW-403.9 For single-pass or multipass welding in

which any pass is greater than. 1/2 in. (13 mm) thick,
an increase in base metal thickness beyond 1.1 times
that of the qualification test coupon.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

60

QW-403.7 For the multipass processes of shielded

metal-are, submerged-arc, gas tungsten-are, and gas
metal-arc, the maximum thickness qualified for 1 1/2 in.
(38 mm) and over thickness T of the test coupon of QW451 1 shall be 8 in.
451.1
in (200 mm) for the conditions shown in
QW-451.1. For thicknesses greater than 8 in. (200 mm),
the maximum thicknesses of base, metal and
deposited weld metal qualified is 1.33T or l.33t, as
applicable.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

61

QW-403.5 Welding procedure qualifications shall be made using:

(a) The same base metal (including type and grade) to be used in production welding; or
(b) For ferrous material, a base metal listed in the same P-Number and Group Number (see
QW/QB-422) as the base metal to be used in production welding; or
(c) For nonferrous material, a base metal listed in the same P-Number and Group Number
(see QW/QB-422) as the base metal to be used in production welding.
For ferrous material in QW/QB-422, a procedure qualification shall be made for each PNumber and Group Number combination of base metals, even though procedure qualification tests
have been made for each of the two base metals welded to itself.
itself For ferrous material in QW/QB422, a procedure qualification shall be made for each P-Number and Group Number combination
of base metals, even though procedure qualification tests have been made for each of the two
base metals welded to itself. If, however the procedure specification for welding the combination
of base metals specifies the same essential variables, including electrode or filler metal, as both
specifications for welding each base metal to itself,
itself such that,base
that base metals is the only change
change, then
the procedure specification for welding the combination of base metals is also qualified. In
addition, when base metals of two different P-Number Group Number combinations are qualified
using a single test coupon, that coupon qualifies the welding of those two P-Number Group
Numbers to themselves as well as to each other using the variables qualified.
This variable does not apply when impact testing of the heat - affected zone is not required
by other Sections.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

62

QW-403.6 The minimum base metal thickness qualified is the thickness of the test coupon T or 5/8 in.
(16 mm), whichever is less. However, where T is less
than 1/4 in. (6 mm), the minimum thickness qualified
is 1/2T.
1/2T This limitation does not apply when a WPS is
qualified with a PWHT above the upper transformation
temperature or when an austenitic material is solution
annealed after welding.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

63

QW-403.13 A change from one P-No. 5 to any

other P-No. 5 (viz P-No. 5A to P-No. 5B or P-No.
5C or vice versa). A change from P-No. 9A to P-No.
9B but not vice versa. A change from one P-No. 10
to any other P-No.
P No 10 (viz P-No.
P No 10A to P-No.
P No 10B
or P-No. 10C, etc., or vice versa).

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

64

 Question (1): A test coupon is prepared as follows: A

1.75 in. plate is welded to 1.75 in. plate with 1 in. thick
weld. Per QW-451.l, is 8 in. the maximum thickness
range of base metal qualified?
Reply (1): Yes, except that further limits or exceptions
may apply
l as stated
t t d in
i Notes
N t (1) and
d (5)
(5)off QW-451.1.
QW 451 1

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

65

 Question (1): A 50 mm thick test plate done for a weld

procedure by FCAW is welded full thickness and
receives X-ray examination and mechanical tests,
including impact tests. Is the thickness test range
qualified 3/16 in.
in to 8 in.
in as per QW-451.1?
QW 451 1?
Reply
R l (1):
(1) Yes,
Y exceptt when
h notch
t h toughness
t h
is
i a
requirement the minimum thickness qualified is 5/8 in.

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

66

 Background: A WPS is supported by three PQRs. Two

PQRs are recorded on 12mm and 28.5mm thick coupons
using tensile, bend, and impact testing specimens. A third
PQR was made using 5mm thick plate using the same
welding parameters,
parameters but only impact specimens were
tested.
Question (1): May these PQRs be combined to support a
WPS for welding 2.5 mm through 57 mm material
requiring
q
g notch toughness
g
testing?
g
Reply (1): No.
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

67

 Background: A WPS is supported by three PQRs. Two

PQRs are recorded on 12mm and 28.5mm thick coupons
using tensile, bend, and impact testing specimens. A third
PQR was made using 5mm thick plate using the same
welding parameters,
parameters but only impact specimens were
tested.
Question (2): May these three PQRs be combined to
support welding base metal thicknesses of 4.8 mm
through
g 57 mm with or without notch toughness?
g
Reply (2): Yes.
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

68

 Question (1): Do the provisions of QW-200.4(b) permit a

GTAW procedure qualification test weldment performed
on a 13 mm thick coupon to support depositing a root
pass in a production joint of the qualified base metal
having a thickness of 8 mm when impact testing is
required?
Reply (1): No.
No See QW-403.6..
QW-403 6

30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

69

Background: A PQR is qualified in accordance

with Section IX, with supplementary essential
variables, using a material from British Standard
1501-224-490A-LT50.
Question: May this PQR be used to support a
WPS utilizing a P-Number 1, Group Number 2
material with supplementary essential variables?
Reply: No.
30 53

ASME Section IX, WPS/PQR Prepared by

SCB

70