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16supp. Chapter 14

This document provides an overview of logarithms and exponential equations. It begins with a review of exponents and exponential form. It then defines logarithms and shows how to translate between exponential and logarithmic language. Several examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating logarithmic expressions. The three laws of logarithms are stated. Exponential and logarithmic equations are introduced and examples are worked through. Applications involving logarithms, such as the relationship between resistance and temperature of a tungsten lamp filament, are also covered. Graphs of functions involving logarithms are discussed.

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31 views3 pages

16supp. Chapter 14

This document provides an overview of logarithms and exponential equations. It begins with a review of exponents and exponential form. It then defines logarithms and shows how to translate between exponential and logarithmic language. Several examples are provided to demonstrate evaluating logarithmic expressions. The three laws of logarithms are stated. Exponential and logarithmic equations are introduced and examples are worked through. Applications involving logarithms, such as the relationship between resistance and temperature of a tungsten lamp filament, are also covered. Graphs of functions involving logarithms are discussed.

Uploaded by

Yadana1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C HAPTER

14

Logarithms and
exponential equations

14.1 A quick revision of exponents


and exponential form
Exercises 14.1
1

Evaluate, giving each value as an integer or a fraction:


a

9

Write the number 4 in exponential form, using base 2.

b
c

Write the number 1 in exponential form, using base 2.


Write the number 27 in exponential form, using base 9.

Write the number 32 in exponential form, using base 4.

12

8

23

3
4

16

2
3

27

90

14.2 Definition of a logarithm:


translation between exponential
and logarithmic languages
Exercises 14.2
1

Write in exponential language (exponential form):


a log2 8  3
b log2 1  0

log3 9  2

8  4

Write in logarithmic language (logarithmic form):


a

9 3
1
2

at  x

2
3

14.3 Evaluations using the definition


(logs and antilogs)
Exercises 14.3
1

76

Evaluate:
a log3 27

log4 2

CD Supplement to accompany Mathematics for Technicians

log10 1013

14.6 The three laws of logarithms


Exercises 14.6
1

Evaluate:
a log2 3  log2 24  log2 9
b log3 12  log3 54  log3 6
c log5 3  log5 2  log5 8  log5 12
d log3 4  log3 2  log3 6
e log7 8  log7 6  log7 4  log7 3

Write each of the following in the form a log x  b log y  . . .


P
x
a log 
b log y

c log 
Qn
y
5x
ab
d log 
e log 
f
log 4x3
c
y
g

log Kt x

log (xy)n

14.10 Exponential equations


Exercises 14.10
1

Solve:
k
k3
a 8 4

9x  272  x

32k  5  1

164  x  8

e
2

61  x  63

Solve:
a

4t  1  82  t
2
81  2n  
2

1 n

2

1

Solve:
2x
x3
a 10  10
 100

81  x  2
1

1

8
4x  1
Solve the following exponential equations for the pronumerals, giving answers correct to 3
significant figures:
m
m1
x
1  3x
1 k
a e  2  10
b 10  e
c 3.18
 (4  e)2  k
b

14.11 Change of subject involving


logarithms
Exercises 14.11
1

For each of the following formulae, make the variable in brackets the subject of the formula:
t log C
xy
a kt
(y)
b ta
(y)
c k  
(Q)
log Q
xy

Chapter 14 Logarithms and Exponential Equations

77

14.12 Applications
Exercises 14.12
1

 

R1
T1
For a tungsten lamp filament,   
R2
T2
temperatures T1 and T2 kelvin.
R1
5
Show that: log T2  log T1  6 log .
R2

1.2

, where R1 and R2 are the resistances at

Po
The power gain of an amplifier, in decibels, is given by G  10 log10 , where Pi is the
Pi
input power and Po is the output power.
a Make Pi the subject of this formula.
b Hence find the power input required in order to obtain an output power of 6.00 W from
an amplifier having a 45 dB gain. (Answer correct to 2 significant figures.)

14.13 The curve y  k logb Cx


Exercises 14.13
Remember : If no base is specified, then base 10 is implied.

Sketch the following curves, showing the value of the x-intercept and the scales on both axes:
1

78

y  log (2x  1)

CD Supplement to accompany Mathematics for Technicians

y  12 log8 2x  3

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