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Transformer (Voltage Regulation and Efficiency)

The document discusses voltage regulation and efficiency in transformers. It states that voltage regulation is usually minimized for ideal transformers, though sometimes high-impedance transformers are used to reduce fault currents. The phasor diagram shows that voltage regulation is greater than zero for lagging loads and unity power factor, and negative for leading power factor. Transformer losses include copper losses from series resistance, as well as hysteresis and eddy current losses which are accounted for by the resistor Rc in the equivalent circuit model.

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JhiGz Llausas de Guzman
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563 views15 pages

Transformer (Voltage Regulation and Efficiency)

The document discusses voltage regulation and efficiency in transformers. It states that voltage regulation is usually minimized for ideal transformers, though sometimes high-impedance transformers are used to reduce fault currents. The phasor diagram shows that voltage regulation is greater than zero for lagging loads and unity power factor, and negative for leading power factor. Transformer losses include copper losses from series resistance, as well as hysteresis and eddy current losses which are accounted for by the resistor Rc in the equivalent circuit model.

Uploaded by

JhiGz Llausas de Guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transformer

Voltage regulation and


efficiency

Voltage Regulation
Since at no-load, Vs = Vp/a
If the transformer equivalent circuit
Is in the per-unit system.

Usually it is a good practice to have as small a voltage


regulation as possible. For an ideal transformer, VR =
0 percent. It is not always a good idea to have a lowvoltage regulation, though sometimes highimpedance and high-voltage regulation transformers
are deliberately used to reduce the fault currents in a
circuit.

Transformer Phasor Diagram

Phasor diagram of a transformer operating at lagging


power factor, voltage regulation of a transformer with
lagging loads must be greater than zero.

Transformer Phasor Diagram


At unity power
factor, Voltage
regulation is
greater than 0
but smaller
compared to
lagging current.

At leading
power factor,
Voltage
regulation is
negative

Transformer Efficiency
Transformers efficiency
equations

Transformers losses
1. Copper losses (these losses are accounted for by the
series resistance in the equivalent circuit)
2. Hysteresis losses (losses include in resistor Rc)
3. Eddy-current losses (also included losses in resistor Rc)

Example 1

A 15-kVA, 2300/230-V transformer is to be tested to


determine its excitation branch components, its series
impedances, and its voltage regulation. The following test
data have been taken from the transformer.

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