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Components of A Microprocessor/controller

The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors have the CPU on a separate chip from memory and I/O, allowing for flexibility, but are more expensive. Microcontrollers integrate the CPU, memory, and I/O onto a single chip, making them lower cost and power but less versatile. While microprocessors are general purpose, microcontrollers are aimed at control applications and include fixed onboard memory and I/O. Popular microcontroller chips include the 8051, PIC, AVR, and MSP430.

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Xandra Lee
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41 views

Components of A Microprocessor/controller

The document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. Microprocessors have the CPU on a separate chip from memory and I/O, allowing for flexibility, but are more expensive. Microcontrollers integrate the CPU, memory, and I/O onto a single chip, making them lower cost and power but less versatile. While microprocessors are general purpose, microcontrollers are aimed at control applications and include fixed onboard memory and I/O. Popular microcontroller chips include the 8051, PIC, AVR, and MSP430.

Uploaded by

Xandra Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Components of a

microprocessor/controller

CPU: Central Processing Unit


I/O: Input /Output
Bus: Address bus & Data bus
Memory: RAM & ROM
Timer
Interrupt
Serial Port
Parallel Port
1

General-purpose
microprocessor:

CPU for Computers


Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself

CPU
GeneralPurpose
Microprocessor

Many chips on motherboard

Data Bus

RAM

ROM

I/O
Port

Timer

Serial
COM
Port

Address Bus

Microcontroller :
A single-chip computer
On-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU
I/O
Port

RAM ROM
Serial
Timer COM
Port

A single chip
Microcontroller
3

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller


Microprocessor
CPU is stand-alone, RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are separate
designer can decide on the
amount of ROM, RAM and
I/O ports.
expensive
versatility
general-purpose
High processing power
High power consumption
Instruction sets focus on
processing-intensive
operations
Typically 32/64 bit
Typically deep pipeline (5-20
stages)

Microcontroller

CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer


are all on a single chip
fixed amount of on-chip ROM,
RAM, I/O ports
for applications in which cost,
power and space are critical
single-purpose (control-oriented)
Low processing power
Low power consumption
Bit-level operations
Instruction sets focus on control
and bit-level operations
Typically 8/16 bit
Typically single-cycle/two-stage
pipeline
4

Some Popular Microcontrollers

8051
Microchip Technology PIC
Atmel AVR
Texas Instruments MSP430 (16-bit)

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