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A (P.. R) A (P.. R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R)

Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm that works by partitioning an array around a pivot value and recursively sorting the subarrays. It has three steps: 1) Divide: Partition the array into two subarrays around a pivot element such that all elements in one subarray are less than or equal to the pivot and all elements in the other subarray are greater than the pivot. 2) Conquer: Recursively sort the two subarrays using quicksort. 3) Combine: Since the subarrays are sorted in place, the entire array is now sorted without needing to combine the subarrays.

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53 views

A (P.. R) A (P.. R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R) A (P.. Q) A (q+1. - R)

Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm that works by partitioning an array around a pivot value and recursively sorting the subarrays. It has three steps: 1) Divide: Partition the array into two subarrays around a pivot element such that all elements in one subarray are less than or equal to the pivot and all elements in the other subarray are greater than the pivot. 2) Conquer: Recursively sort the two subarrays using quicksort. 3) Combine: Since the subarrays are sorted in place, the entire array is now sorted without needing to combine the subarrays.

Uploaded by

Abir Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quick Sort

Quick sort is based on divide and conquer paradigm. Here is the three step divide and conquer process for
sorting a typical subarray
Divide: The array

A [q+1. . r ]

A [ p.. r ] .

A [ p.. r ]

is partitioned(rearranged) into two nonempty subarrays

such that each element of

A [ p.. q ]

A [ p.. q ] and

is smaller or equal to each element of

A [q+1. . r ] . The index q is computed as part of this partitioning procedure.


Conquer: The two subarrays

A [ p.. q ] and

A [q+1. . r ] are sorted by recursive calls to quicksort.

Combine: Since the subarrays are sorted in place, no work is needed to combine them. The entire array is
now sorted.
The following procedure implements quicksort

Quicksort ( A , p ,r )

If ( p<r )
q partition( A , p , r )

Quicksort ( A , p ,q)
Quicksort ( A , q+1, r )
To sort an entire array A, the initial call is Quicksort( A , 1,lengt h[ A]
Partitioning the array: The key to the algorithm is partition procedure which rearranges the subarray

A [ p.. r ] in place.
Partition( A , p , r )

x A[p]
i p1

J r =1
w h ile (TRUE)

do
repeat

j j1
until ( A [ j ] x)
repeat

i i+1
until ( A [ i ] x )
If (i< j)

T h en exc h ange ( A [ i], A [ j])


else return j
Explanation of the Partition algorithm:
It selects an element
regions

A [ p .. i ]

x= A[ p]
and

A [ j ..r ]

A [ p.. r ]

from the array

as a pivot element. It then grows two

from the top and bottom of A[p..r], respectively such that every

element in A[p..i] is less than or equal to

x . Initially i= p1 and

j=r +1 , so these regions are

empty.
Within the body of the while loop, the index

A [ i ] x A [ j ] . Thus

A [i]

is decremented and index i is incremented until

is too large to belong to the bottom region and A[j] is too small to

A [i]

belong to the top region. Thus by interchanging

and

A [ j ] , we can extend the two

subregions.
Conceptually , the partitioning procedure performs a simple function. It puts elements smaller than
into the bottom of the array and elements larger than

x into the top region.

A [ p.. r ] is O(n) where n=r p+1.

Running time of partition on an array


Example of partiotion algorithm:
Consider the following array
5

Pivot=A[0]=5

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