<> Collins = SoRaNSRESR Delivering the Edexcel Specification CO SN) Edexcel Modular SU rts the 2010 GCSE Specification Brian Speed « Keith Gordon « Kevin Evans « Trevor SeniorCONTENTS CORE Thapler 1: Number: Using a WwW 12 13 ew Cet cn Basic calculations and using brackets Using a calculator to add and subtract fractions Using a calculator to multiply and divide fractions Using a calculator cea ee eid 21 22 23 (e) Bre) Basic algebra Substitution using a calculator Solving linear equations Eating out eer soa ecco al erat Seale drawings Nets Using an isometric grid Logo design 10 10 " 12 12 13 13 16 18 49 Cregeen and ar 41 Perimeter 42 Area of an irregular shape 43 Area of a rectangle 4h Area of a compound shape 45 Area ofa triangle i Area of a paraifelogram AT Area of a trapezium (PS ) Pick’s theorem Cee mt een) and volume of 3D shapes 5.1 Units of volume 5.2 Surface area and volume of a cuboid 5.3 Surface area and volume of a prism 54 Volume of a cylinder (FM) Baking cakes fre ao ee ae etude Ct caeekc ou G1 62 83 os Solving equations with brackets Equations with the variable on both sides Rearranging formulae Number problems CniceAa ces eo 7.1 Place value and ordering numbers 12 73 14 15 ‘Adding and subtracting simple fractions Improper fractions and mixed numbers Adding and subtracting fractions with the same denominator Multiplying and dividing fractions Organising an activity holiday a ie eco BaESs a7 Multiples of whole numbers Factors of whole numbers Prime numbers. Square numbers Square roots Powers Multiplying and dividing by powers of 10 20 20 21 23 24 26 30 31 33 34 ase 36 37 aa 38 33 40 46 48 a7 498.8 Prime factors, LCM and HCF 89 — Rules for multiplying and dividing powers PS_ The alternative square root (ok aes as Ge 8.1 Lines of symmetry 82 Rotational symmetry FIL, Symmetry in everyday life hapter 11; Number; Percentages 111 Rational numbers and reciprocals 11.2 Increasing or decreasing quantities by a percentage 11.3. Expressing one quantity as a ia renee of another quantity |, The cost of going to work Peco re eee a acid Ae 121 Solving linear equations is Setting up equations 123 Trial and improvement 124 Solving linear inequalities 125 Drawing quadratic graphs (PS Drawing quadratic graphs (ina ete etn ete ee 18.1 Angles in a polygon 13.2 Regular polygons 13.3. Bearings FIL, Back bearings rion 161 Drawing circles 1.2 The circumference of a circle 143° The area ofa circle 144 Answers in terms of FM. Track-and-field event measurement 51 52 53 54 58 57 72 72 75 7 78 80 a1 B28 87 a7 8g 31 93 Patterns in number ‘at Number sequences 10.3 The nth term of a sequence 10.4 Special sequences and algebra 10.5 General rules from given patterns (PS) Pascal’s triangle Sem 15.1 Congruent shapes 152. Tessellations 15.3 Translations 15.4 Reflections 155 Rotations 15.8 Enlargements (PS Transformation problem fee eee eesti 16.1 Constructing triangles 16.2 Bisectors 163 Loci FM, Loci Cena coe ace eeu 17.1 Pythagoras’ theorem 17.2 Finding a shorter side 173. Solving problems using Pythagoras’ theorem (PS _, Pythagoras’ theorem 58 58 59 60 62 62 36 98 98 100 101 103 105 106 106 107 107 am 2 112 413 4 116INTRODUCTION Welcome to Collins New GCSE Maths for Edexcel Modular Foundation Homework Book 2. This book follows the structure of the Edexcel Modular Foundation Student Book. The first part of this book covers the Core content you need for your Unit 2 and Unit 3 exams. The second part of this book provides homework questions to cover topics in Unit 2 and Unit 3. Colour-coded grades Know what arget grade you ore working at cond track your progress with the colourcoded grade panels ot the side of the page. Use of calculators Questions when you could use a calculator cre marked with a i) icon. Remember in your Unit 2 exam you will not be allowed to use @ calculator. Examples Recap on methods you need by reading through the examples before starting the homework exercises. Functional maths Practise functional maths skills to see how people use maths in everyday life. Look out for practice questions marked | FMI. ‘There are also extra functional maths and problem-solving activities at the end of every chapter to build and apply your skills. New Assessment Objectives Practise new parts of the curriculum (Assessment Objectives AO2 and AO3}j with questions that assess your understanding marked AU_ and questions that test if you can solve problems marked PS _. You will also practise some questions that involve several steps and where you have to choose which method to use; these also test AO2. There are also plenty of straightforward questions (AQ1) that test if you can do the maths. Student Book CD-ROM Remind yourself of the work covered in class with the Student Book in electronic form on the CD-ROM. Insert the CD into your machine, click ‘Open a PDF file’ and choose the chapter you need.1.1 Basic calculations and using brackets HOMEWORK 14 aere ® [~} Use your calculator to work out the following questions. Try to key in the calculation in as one continuous set, without writing down any intermediate values. Subtract these sets of numbers from 180. a 90,23 b 16,57, 22 © 87,36,24 ‘Subtract these sets of numbers from 360. 86, 21 b 180, 29, 97 © 86,17,17 Subtract 74 from 180 and divide the answer by 2. Subtract 88 from 360 and divide the answer by 2. Subtract 2 lots of 56 from 180. ‘Subtract 52 and 2 lots of 28 from 360. Work out: a (18-5)x360224 bb 360-(180=3) Work out: a 4x(644+92)x36 ob 4x(17+115)x73 ‘Work out the following and give your answers to one decimal place. a mx78 b 2xmx6l © nx102* do xx1e ‘A monthly travel ticket costs £61.60. Karen usually spends £4.70 each day on travel. ‘How many days would she need to travel each month so that it would be cheaper for her to buy a monthly travel ticket? A teacher asked her class to work out: 31+ 5:2 Alfie keyed in: OBOBH9O9VDOOUS8H088 Becky keyed in: BOBOOBOCHVBHOVVO Choe keyed in: QOO8HOOSOOOO890B9 Daniel keyed in: O' QBVOOOGVOOG800 ‘They each rounded their answers to three decimal places. Work out the answer that each of them get. Who had the correct answer? FM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem Solving CORE CEHAPTER 1: Number: Using a caloulator \PS GED £1 is equivalent to £1.14 Euros. £1 is equivalent to 1.49 US dollars ($) ‘Matt has $100 and 75 Euros. Which is worth more ~ the dollars or the Euros? GW Work out the following if a= 1.2, b= 6.8 and ¢=7.1, a abte bb 3(ab+ac+bc) ED Work out: a VOs+1s) b VE2-2 GB Work our: a 65°x2-2x81 b 266-3 +0.15+64 1.2 Using a calculator te add and subtract fractions CIS a omen : AD Use your calculator to work out the following. ‘Try to key in the calculation as one continuous set, without writing down any intermediate values. Give your answers as fractions. a 4+} b deg ce ith d +k © bth f demed 9 h-a hid i g-b i 5+i-} k Btiow Vobed-8 @® Use your calculator to work out the following, ‘Try to key in the calculation as one continuous set, without writing down any intermediate values. Give your answers as mixed fractions. a Sh+73 b g}+if © 6}+2h d 9be3h eo 13438 f seig+2 9 68-55 ho-1% i 33-14 i B+5g-85 ko1g+ lie hp 1 Sh +25-6% A tank of water is empty. Two-thirds of a full tank is poured in. One-quarter of 2 full tank is poured out, One-twelfth of a full tank is poured What fraction of the tank is now full of water? GBD Look at this road sign Spring Vamiles a Whats the distance between Springvale and Wortley using these roads? b How much further is it to Wortley than to Springvale? m-CHAPTER 1: Number: Using a calculator ALD Ps Gp AU GD 1.3 Using a calculator to multiply and HOMEWORK 1C Ave ue Here is a calculation: ix} ‘Imagine that you are trying to explain to someone how to do this using a calculator. Write down what you would say. A class has the same numbers of boys and girls. Three girls leave and three boys join the class. The fraction of the class who are girls is now 3. How many ae in the class? a Use your calculator t0 work out #822, b Explain how your answer tells you that 8 is less than 3. a Work out f — # on your calculator. Work out 48 — 7 on your calculator. Explain why your answers to parts a and b show that Jf is a action in between frand f. To work out the circumference of a circle, the following formula is used. C=nd where dis the diameter. Work out the circumference of a circle when the diameter is 9 cm. o A shape is rotated 30° clockwise and then 90° anticlockwise. ‘What fraction of a turn is needed to return it to its original position? Give both possible answers. [7] Use your calculator to work out the following. ‘Try to key in the calculation as one continuous set, without writing down any intermediate values, Give your answers as fractions. a dx} b e ixh d ixs e ft bxaxd a Bra h i heh Taxes k Voge ‘The formula for the area of a rectangle is: ‘Area = length x width Use this formula to work the area of « rectangle of length 3 metres and width | metres. Bricks are § metre long. How many bricks placed end to end would be needed to make a line two metres long? Use your calculator to work out 3 x Write down the answer to fx} a Use your calculator to work out $+ 5b Use your calculator to work owt $x P r 2d Write down the answer to 3x3 cone CE © Use your calculator to work out §C @ PS FM GD, Use your calculator to work out the following questions. Try to key in the calculation as ‘one continuous set, without writing down any intermediate values. Give your answers as mixed fractions. a 3x25 b 6x1 © 7x2 d 5x28 e 6ax4% f ixigx g 4h+25 ho sg i Bry J 33x2Re4 ko 24x 3% hy 1 4x 33424 ‘The formula for the area of a rectangle is: Area = length x width Use this formula to work the area of a rectangle of length 43 metres and width 24 metres. The volume of a sphere is 193 cm’. It is cut into four equal pieces. Work out the volume of one of the pieces. ‘The formula for average speed is ‘Average speed = Distance + time taken ‘Work out the average speed of a car which travels 6} miles in a} of an hour. Given that 1 gallon = 4} litres Grace puts 49 litres of fuel in her car. ‘How many gallons is this? Give your answer to the nearest gallon, Ropes come in 124 metre lengths. Jack wants to cut pieces of rope that are each j of a metre long. He needs 100 pieces. How many ropes will he need?CHAPTER 1: Number: Using @ calculator — Functional Maths Activity Using a calculator ‘The following information is written on the back of Mr Fermat’s gas bill. Reading on 19th Aug 05979 Reading on 19th Nov 06229 = 250 metric units used over 93 deys Gas units converted = 2785.52 kWh used over 93 days First 683.00 kWh x 6.683p £48.67 Next 2102.52 kWh x 3.292p £69.21 Total cost of gas used £116.08 Gas units are converted to kilowatt hours (kWh) using the following formula: Metric units calorific value volume ‘to convert gas used used correction to kWh in kWh 250 x 39,2236 x 1.02264 3.6 = 2785.52 Mr Fermat is having trouble understanding this and has asked for your help. Can you answer these questions for him? 1 Where does the figure of 250 units come from? 2 What does kWh stand for? 3° There are two different prices for gas. The first 683 kWh used are charged ata higher rate than the 2102.52 kWh used after that. Why are there two different prices for each KWH? 4 Can you check that the formula at the bottom has been worked out correctly: does 250 metric units convert to 2785.52 kWh of gas used? Mr Gauss lives next door. His meter reading now is 14279 and his last meter reading was 14092. 5 Mr Gauss wants to know the cost of the gas he has used. Can you tell him?21 Basic algebra PMS ee ad Simplify the following expressions. pl a 3x2e b 4hx2h © Sx+7x do 2a+5b+6a-b e@ Ixt+3-2x-7 (PS EBD My son is 20 years old. In five years time he will be half as old as Tam. What age am F now? BD Any has £1.65p and Hank has £2.55, How much should Hank give to Amy so they both, have the same amount? GD Find the value of the following expressions when a = 6, b = 2 and c a Sa+l b 5b~2a c ate da e 2ab f 3ab—3ac Say if the following are Expressions (E), Equations (Q) or Formulae (F). A: Sx= : X+2¥ C: P=21+2w ‘A plumber uses the following rule to calculate his charges for jobs. Charge = £35 plus £30 per hour. How much does a job that takes 3 hours cost? b Fran pays £50 for a job. How long did it last? © A homeowner checks the time the plumber takes to do a job. He takes 2 hours and charges £105. Has he overcharged? Show how you decide. (AU GBD a Which of the following expressions are equivalent? 5m x 6n 3m x 10n 2nx 1Sm mx 30n b The expressions 3x and x” are the same for only one positive value of x. ‘What is the value? GED Expand these expressions. a 6(3—2m) b 3(+9) © 4n(m - 3p) GD Fectorise the following expressions. a 20-5m b 9x4 I5y © 4a—pn A square and a rectangle have the same perimeter. ‘The rectangle has one side that is three times as long as the other, One side of the rectangle is 6 cm. ‘What are the two possible sides of the square? (LD Find the value of the following expressions when x= 2.4, y = 0.6 and z= 1.5. 3xx4 b x42 ant z co 24x z =) CORE FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (403) Problem SolvingFM AUG AS a eee (CHAPTER 2: Algebra: Review of algebra ‘The formula for the electricity bill each quarter in a household is £12.25 + £0.15 per unit. A family uses 3750 units in a quarter. a How much is their total bill? b The family pay a direct debit of £180 per month towards their electricity costs. By how much will they be in credit or debit after the quarter? x and y are different positive whole numbers. Choose values for x and y so that the formula 3x + Sy: evaluates to an even number b evaluates to an odd number. Kaz knows that x, y and z have the values 4, 5 and 11 but he does not know which variable has which value. What is the maximum that the expression 2x + y—4z could be? b What is the minimum value that the expression 4x —y + could have? Expand these expressions. a 3ptp-29) b 3P(P +7), © 6x(5x+8y) Expand and simplify the following expressions. a 3(2r-1) +20 +2) » 30- prsore © %r-2)~3(e=2) 4 +2) +3@- Factorise the following expressions. a 8p +4pr b 16mp — 4m? © Wat + I6ab d 9a 12a+6 A rectangle with sides 8 and 4x +3 has a smaller rectangle with sides 5 and 2x~ 1 cut from it, 4x43 2e=1 a Work out the area remaining around the smaller rectangle, 2.2 Substitution using a calculator HOMEWORK 2B [ov] Find the value of 2x-+ 3 whe aox=27 b x=39 © r=84 Find the value of 3k + 4 when: a k=61 b k=126 © k=182 Find the value of A, if A = a 1=56,h=3.1 b + Awhen: 92h Find the value of e, if e =f? + g” wher a e=24,fe51 b e=72f Find the value of y, if y = Vx + nwhen: a x= 1.96.2=6.7 b x=7.29,n=39 CORE‘The formula W= B + RT can be used to calculate a person's wage, where Wis the total wage, Bis the bonus, Ris the hourly rate of pay, and 7is the number of hours worked. a Calculate Tom's wage if he works 35 hours for £7.80 an hour and receives a bonus of £38.50 b Calculate Maria's wage if she works 37} hours for £15.90 an hour and receives a bonus of £51.40 AU @#B The area ofa trapeziun can be calculated using the a formula: A =4h (a+b) Find values for a and b if A = 21.6 and h = 3.6. ‘The perimeter of a square ABCD is 9.6 cm. A rectangle has the same area as the square but its length is four times as long as its width, Find the perimeter of the rectangle, 23 Solving linear equations Solve the following equations. @® a «1955 b He7 CD a 42217 b 4-2-8 @: b GD a 40+3)=8 b 43x-5)=10 G® a ore 723x419 b 5x-2=16-4x ea b 4 2)-3@e— 1) = 20e +2) Problem-solving Activity Eating out Six people pay the following for their meals: Barger, Chips, Beans £3.30 Sausage, Chips and Beans £3.00 Burger, Roast Potatoes and Peas £3.30 Burger, Chips and Peas £3.40 ‘Sausage and Roast Potatoes £2.30 Burger and Peas £2.50 Use this information to work out how much each item costs. Db3.1 Scale drawings HOMEWORK 3A (GB The grid below shows the floor plan of a kitchen. The scale is 1 cm to 30 em. F @ State the actual dimensions of: i the sink unit the cooker iii the fridge iv. the cupboards. b Calculate the actual total area of the work space. @@D On the right is a sketch of a ladder leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is 1 m away from the wall and it reaches 4-m up the wall. ‘@ Make a scale drawing to show the position of the ladder. Use a scale of 4 em to Im, b Use your scale drawing to work out the actual length of the ladder. FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem Solving CORE eyCHAPTER 3: Geometry and measures: Scales ee GP Tre map below is drawn to a scale of 1 em to 2km. 9 Crockey Hill Catterton ° . Bolton Percy @Skipworth Biggin Find the distances between: a Biggin and Skipworth b Bolton Percy and Crockey Hill © Skipworth and Catterton d- Crockey Hill and Biggin e Catterton and Bolton Percy. FM @@® A farmer draws a sketch for one of his fields. This is his diagram. 140m 80m 120m Make a scale drawing of the field. Use the scale | cm represents 20 m. ‘The farmer wants to build a wall along the side marked x on the diagram. Each metre length of wall uses 60 bricks. Use your diagram to work out the number of bricks the farmer will need. ooCHAPTER % Geometry and measures: Scales (GED The map below shows the position of four fells in the Lake District. The map is drawn to a scale of 1 : 150 000. Pillar . Great Gable . Scafell Pike . Bowfell ° State the following distances to the nearest kilometre: a Scafell Pike to Great Gable b Scafell Pike to Pillar ¢ Great Gable to Pillar d_ Pillar to Bowfell e Bowfell to Great Gable GBD Here is a scale drawing of a ferry crossing a river from port A to port B. ‘The width of the river is 400 m. A 400 m B Which of the following is the correct scale for the drawing? i 1:1000 — ii_1:10000 1:40 000 iv 1: 100000 b> What is the actual distance from port A to port B?(CHAPTER 3: Geometry and measures: Scales 3.2 Nets HOMEWORK 3B E@W Fournets are shown below. Copy the nets that would make a cube. | . LACH co BW Draw, on squared paper, an accurate net for each of these cuboids. a b em dem Tem Sem so if ‘Sem fs = em GBD Draw, on squared paper, an accurate net for this triangular prism. @@D The diagram shows a sketch of a square-based pyramid. a Write down how many of each of the following the pyramid has: i vertices edges iii faces. b Draw a sketch for the net of the pyramid.‘CHAPTER 3: Geometry and measures: Scales SS SSS (GSD Paul is making this dice out of card. @@ 2) @ |4 1 ee , 6 e@ |e ej@e | @ | @ |®@ @ 7 @|® doje @ 13 9 8 @ 12 10, ® Tr Before he cuts it out, he needs to know which edges join together so that he can put on tabs, For example, edge | joins with edge 2. List the other pairs of edges that join together. This is a diagram of a regular tetranedron. Itis made up of four identical equilateral triangles. A tetrahedron has two nets. Can you draw them both? Zoi has five shapes: ‘Two isosceles triangles ‘One rectangle 3 x 10 om ‘Two rectangles 5 x 10 em sem/ \Sem 30m! Sem Tem Sem Tom Draw a sketch to show how she can put the five shapes together to make a net of a triangular prism. ao Gl(CHAPTER 3: Geometry and measures: Scales ————————————— 3.3 Using an isometric grid HOMEWORK 3c GAD Draw accurately each of these cuboids on an isometric grid. a —F b 3 3em wy ‘4cm Sem Sem Tom (©@® Draw accurately each of these 3D shapes on an isometric grid a em b 10cm em 21 -m| 8cm cm oe és om em cm em a b : (PS GBD Here are three views of a 3D shape. Plan Front Side elevation elevation Draw the 3D shape on an isometric grid (AU GBD This solid shape is made from cubes. Plan view Front elev: onHere are some diagrams of the shape. Al BI DI F lz a Which is the plan view? b Which is the front elevation? © Which is the side elevation? ‘HAPTER 3: Geometry and measures: Scales SS SS SS Logo design A firm called Trader Limited wants to design a logo for their company. An artist designs the following logo, which is drawn on isometric paper. . . . ° e Functional Maths Activity ‘On isometric paper, design a logo for a company called ‘Fisher Home Incorporated. i4.1 Perimeter lea ei eee | wep Find the perimeter of each of the following shapes. Draw them on centimetre-squared paper first if it helps you. Som a Sem b Som c Sem Sem lem a 2em e@ 2om — 2em f Sem btn pen + [3cm Sem 20m, 6om cm) ES 2em 2 fo Sem ro Sem Draw as many different rectangles as possible that have a perimeter of 14 cm. Is it possibie to draw a rectangle with a perimeter of 9 em? Explain your answer. ‘Which shape is the odd one out? Give a reason for your answer. Sem 4om Tem 3m) A a 3em C Simon wants to put a fence around three sides of a lawn. How much fencing does he need? 6m 4m pies CORE FM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 4: Geornetry: Perimeter and area eee —————— 4.2 Area of an irregular shape bileuia heli ted @® By counting squares, find the area of each of these shapes, giving answers in em?, . ° areas | L - c T qd 1 BD By counting squares, estimate the area of each of these shapes, giving answers in cm”, a b(CHAPTER 4: Geornetry: Perimeter and area SS ESS _FM@BH Mr Blucgum, a forester, needs to find an estimate for the area of a forest. On the map below, the forest is shown in green, Each square on the map represents 1 km?, Find an estimate for the area of the forest for Mr Bluegum. (PS @@D This shape is drawn on a centimetre-squared grid. a Write down the area of the shape. b Oncentimetre-squared paper, draw a square that has the same perimeter as the shape.GHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area ———_—_—_—_—_—_—_—__—————— AU @BBD George says that he can find an estimate for the area of a circle by first finding the area of a square around the circle and then finding the area of a square inside the circle. The answer is the value between these two numbers. T ‘Show how George finds an estimate for the area of this circle. 43 Area of a rectangle HOMEWORK 4C ~ a Sem b 4cm cc 2m 2m, l4.cm 3mm. tom 2D Copy and complete the following table for rectangles a to e. Length ‘Width Perimeter Avea 4em 2em Tem’ dem bem) Dem 3cm 15 cm? 30m 50. em elalels a G@ Calculate the area and the perimeter of each rectangle below. [ GB A square has a perimeter of 24 em. What is its area? . conCHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area ESE SE ee G@W Copy and complete the following, aii lom*s....mm ii boi Tm ......¢m™ (PS GBP This shape is made from four rectangles that are all the same size, ‘Work out the area of one of the rectangles. FM @BI The diagrams show the size of Lin’s kitchen wall and the size of the square tile she wants to use to tile the wall, They are not drawn to scale. 20m 3m [| 200m Sm What is the minimum number of tiles Lin will need eect asa + the wall? Remember to change the measurements of the wall into centimetres first. 4.4 Area of a compound shape HOMEWORK 4D GBD Calculate the area of each shape below. a em. b Som c em Sem 6m em rom ComCHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area d Sen e 10cm 10cm Sem 100m Sem) 100m TOem ‘6cm Ton Oem \FIM\@D. Mr Jackson is fixing Formica® onto a worktop in his kitchen. Formica® comes in rolls 5 metres long and 0.5 metres wide, This is a sketch of the worktop. 3m 05 m| 25m 05m a Work out the area of the worktop. b Does he have enough Formica? in one roll to cover his worktop? (AU GBD Rachael says that the area of this shape is 64 cm*. 4em Is she correct? Give a reason for your answer. Rem 2em| ‘This L-shape is made from two rectangles that are the same size. Ithas an area of 48 cm?. 10em Find the length and width of each rectangle.CHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter 45 Area ofa triangle EES ai Example Find the area of this triangle Area=!x7x4 dem =4x28= 14cm? Tem (GBD Write down the perimeter and area of each triangle. a b ce 20m Sem 10 ( Y 3em| em Som 2 “m 9.0m ‘om Som GD Work out the area of each of these compound shapes, made from rectangles and right-angled triangles. a b © 4m 20m! Im 8m Rem Som 8m 15m 4m tom GB Fins the area of the wood on this blackboard 90° set square. 30cm G@W Which of these three triangles has the smallest area? a b bom c Sem Sem 12cm 10cm temHAPTER 4: Geornetry: Perimeter and area SS Jen and Jack are comparing their answers to this question. Work out the area of this right-angled triangle. om {oem Som Sea's answer Jeck’s answer A =1x8%6 x 8X10 x6 4x10 = 24 em? = aon? Who is correct? Give a reason for your answer. ) Work out the area of this rhombus. (Ge ee The diagonals of the rhombus intersect at right angles.CHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area SS CT aco ‘Example Find the area of this triangle. Area=}x9x4 =4%36=18 cm? oem GB Calculate the area of each of these triangles. em d Sm e f ©) Copy and complete the following table for triangles a to @. Base Vertical height Area a 6cm Sem b 10cm Tem © Sem Sem d 4om em? e 20cm 50 om? (GD) Find the area of each of the shaded shapes. ’ oom a. : } i = @@® Draw diagrams to show two different-sized triangles that have the same area of 40 cm’, i‘HAPTER # Geometry: Perimeter and ares Ae? The rectangle and triangle below have the same area. 16 em 4om Bem Work out the length of the base of the triangle, ‘What is the same and what is different about these two triangles? C Sem oa, Bem Loe gem Mary is making a mosaic from coloured tiles. Each triangle has the following measurements; Sem| som ‘How many tiles does Mary need to cover this rectangular board completely without leaving any gaps? 250m 20cm CORECHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area ——— eee 4.6 Area of a parallelogram Tele (Brample Find the area of his paralelogam. S/S Area=8x6 = 48 om? GW Calculate the area of each parallelogram below: a b 3m Sem om © d 4m| 24 om (@@D Find the area of the shaded section. -~(AU. GBD. Which two shapes have the same area? Show your working. a Tom _——____ Son i2em (PS G&D A square has the same area as this parallelograrn. 8cm ‘What is the perimeter of the square? 4.7 Area of a trapezium beaut EM Catcutste the perimeter and the area of each ofthese trapezium, ® 52 eres Som dem Be careful not to use the slanting side as the height. Tem b 6m Tem 10cm Sem GED Calculate the area of each of these shapes. a Im b 10cm 3m 3m Q 4 [pom ism Bem(CHAPTER 4: Geometry: Perimeter and area eS EE GBD Calculate the area of the shaded part in each of these diagrams. a 6m b 4om Bem Som Sem Sem GBD Which of the following shapes has the larger area? a 3em b Bom 2.5em pes Sem GD Priya is writing down her solution to this question Work out the area of this trapezium. 10cm Sem i6em ‘This is her answer. Area = $0 + 16) xs = (+16) x5 =Uxs She has made two mistakes. Write out 4 correct solution to the question. (GD Tre side of a swimming pool is a trapezium, as shown in the diagram. Calculate its area. 25m 15m] lam, ~~~GHAPTER 4: Geornetry. Perimeter and area PS @BP The wea of this trapezium is 40 om’, ‘Work out possible vatues for a and b. d 10.¢m Problem-solving Activity Pick’s Theorem ‘Map makers and surveyors often need to calculate complex areas of land. Here is a way to find the area of shapes drawn on a square dotty grid. eee . coc ee ee ee This quadsilateral has an area of 16 square units. The perimeter of the quadrilateral passes through nine dots. Thirteen dots are contained within the perimeter of the quadrilateral. Draw some quacrilaterals of different shapes and sizes on dotty paper. Make sure the vertices are all oon dots on the paper. Investigate the connection between the area and the total number of dots inside and the total number of dots on the perimeter of the shape. “Then, from your findings, write down Pick’s Theorem.5.1 Units of volume Peleus elie. 9 Find the volume of each 3D shape if the edge of each cube is 1 cm. oe © © € 5.2 Surface area and volume of a cuboid A eg HOMEWORK 5B ‘Example Calculate the volume and surface area of this cuboid. em Volume = 6 x4 x 3.5 = 84 cm? 3.Sem Surface area = (2x6 x4) + (2x3.5x 4) +(2x35x6) = 48 +28 +42 = 118 cm? ‘cm Find i the volume and ii the surface area of each of these cuboids. ith ii the surfi th i a em b Som : 2em oy 3 em Wem CORE —— FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understandi PSS (AO3) Problem Solvingc em d Som Som Sem €2D Copy and complete the table, which shows the dimensions and volumes of four cuboid, Length | Width | Height | Volume | 4em 3em 2em| 3m 3em 45cm Sem 4cm 160 cm* 6em 6em, 216 om? GB Find the capacity (volume of a liquid or a gas) of a swimming pool that has the following dimensions: length 12 m, width 5 m and depth 1.5 m. (GAD Find the volume of the cuboid in each of the following cases. a The area of the base is 20. cm? and the height is 3 cm. 1b The base has one side 4 em, the other side 1 cm longer, and the height is § em. © The area of the top is 40 cm? and the depth is 3 om. Safety notices in a hostel state that, where young people are sleeping, there should be at least 18 m* for each person in the room, A dormitory in this hostel is 15 metres long, 12 metres wide and 3.5 metres high. ‘What is the largest number of young people who can safely sleep in this dormitory? What is the smallest surface area of a cuboid that has a volume of 512. cm?? ‘A cuboid has volume 216 cm’ and a total surface area of 21 cm’. Is it possible for this cuboid to be a cube? Give a reason for your answer. 5.3 Surface area and volume of a prism ea eer G@® For the prism below, calculate: 1em Gem 20m a its volume bits total surface area.‘CHAPTER : Geometry: Surface area and volume of 3D shapes (© Poreach prism shown, catcutate i the area of the cross-section and ii the volume, a Sa am 4m 3m GD Catculate the weight of each prism. b 4m 10m oio 3m a b fem Sem Fem Fem Sem Density: I em? weighs 3.13 g Density: 1 em weighs 1.35 g EMG A 100 m trench is to be made for a construction job. It is in the shape of a trapezium that is 2.4 m wide at the top, 1.9 m wide at the bottom and 1.6 m deep. 2 How much earth is ¢o be removed? b One lorry can carry a maximum load of 15 tonnes. 1 cm’ of earth weighs 2.5 g. ‘How many lorry loads will be needed to transport the earth away? PS GSD A girl builds 27 cubes, each of edge 2 cm, into a single large cube. How many more 2-cm cubes would she need to build a larger cube with edge 2 em longer than the first one? AU GED Imagine you had a large glass bottle and you wished to mark on the outside the levels J litre, 2 litres, 3 litres, 4 litres, etc. Explain how you would do this if you only had two measuring jugs ~ one 2-litre jug and one 5-litre jug. 5.4 Volume of a cylinder HOMEWORK'SD — = ™ Example Calculate the volume of a cylinder with a radius of 4 em and a height of 10 em, Volume = n7h = nx 4? x 10 = 502.7 cm? (to one decimal place). (E@W Catculate the volume of each of these cylinders. Give your answers to one decimal place. a Base radius 5 cm and a height of 7 em. b Base radius 10 cm and a height of 8 cm. © Base diameter of 12 cm and a height of 20 em. dBase diameter of 9 cm and a height of 9 em.HAPTER 5: Geometry: Surface area and volume of 3D shapes GBP Find the volume of each of these cylinders. Give your answers to one decimal place. a b © 4.om Sony css 1Sem Mem 6om ‘What is the weight of a solid iron bar 40 cm long with a radius of 2m? | cm’ of iron weighs 8 g, Give your answer in kilograms. a What is the volume of a cylinder with a radius of 4 cm and a height of 11 cm? @ GB Give the answers to this question in terms of x. b What is the volume of a cylinder with a diameter of 16 cm and a height of 18 cm? a Andrea’s mum is hosting a dinner party and is investigating how much wine to ordet. A ‘Tissan’ wine glass is cylindrical in shape, with a radius of 1.5 cm and a height of 5 cm. “Red Vin’ wine can be bought in @ box that is a cuboid shape, measuring 30 cm by 15 em by 18 cm. Calculate: the amount of Red Vin wine in @ full box. the capacity of a Tissan wine glass. how many Tissan wine glasses can be ‘half filled” from the box of Red Vin wine. ‘There are going to be 30 guests at the party. If Andrea's mum serves each guest three half-filled glasses of wine, how many boxes of Red Vin should she order? aor FM PS @@® A wonel is cut through a hillside in the shape of a semicircle. The diameter of the _ semicircle is 15 m and the length of the tunnel is 250 m. ‘One lorry can take away 8 m? of waste. How many lorry loads are needed to move all the waste that is produced from cutting through the hillside? A roll of paper is delivered to a printer. It is 80 cm in diameter and the paper is wound omo a wooden cylindrical block 10 cm in diameter. The paper is 0.004 em thick. ‘What length of paper is there on the roll? Functional Maths Activity Baking cakes Dahlia has a tecipe for a sponge cake. Ttuses 100 grams of flour. Ina circular tin with a diameter of 18 cm, it makes a sponge 3 cm high. 1 She wants to make a sponge cake of the same height in a circular tin with a diameter of 25 em. She has been told that this needs 200 grams of flour, which is twice as much. Do you think this is correct? Give a reason for your answer. 2 She also has a square tin with a side of 16 cm. She wants to know how much flour she needs to ‘make a sponge 3 cm high. Help her to find out how much flour she will need. 3. What size square tin would need 200 grams of flour to make a sponge 3 cm high? Gl6.1 Solving equations with brackets Pea: Waa Example Soive 3(2x~7)=15. First multiply out the bracket to get @x—21 = 15 ‘Add 21 to both sides 6r= 36 Divide both sides by 6 x=6 (GD Solve each of the following equations, Some of the answers may be decimals or negative numbers. Remember to check that each answer works in the original equation. Use your calculator if necessary. a 2%r+1 © 3+2)=9 de 2%x+5)=20 f 2Gx+4)=26 9g 4Gr-1)=20 h 2%t+5)=6 i 20y-2)=5 kK AGk-1)=U L543) =26 ‘Mike has been asked to solve the equation a(bx + ¢) = 60. ‘Mike knows that the values of a, b and c are 2, 4 and 5, but he doesn’t know which is which, He also knows that the answer is an even number, What are the correct values of a, b and c? PS GBP As the class are coming in for the start of a maths lesson, the teacher is writing some - equations on the board, So far she has written; SQr43)=13 2Gx+3)=13 Zak says “That's easy. Both equations have the same solution, x= 2” Is Zak correct? If not, what mistake has he made? What are the correct answers? 6.2 Equations with the variable on both sides ea felis t) Example Solve $x+4=3x +10. Subiract 3x from both sides 2x +4=10 ‘Subtract 4 from both sides. 2x Divide both sides by 2 GAD Solve each of the following equations. a Ww+l=x43 bh 3y+2=2y+6 do ste @ Ip-5=5p+3 g 6m+1 ho Ss—1=2s-7 jo See BiG) ‘CORE FM Functional Maths AU (402) Assessing Understanding PS (A039) Problem Solvingave HAPTER 6: Algebra: More complex equations and formulae = a Erie: [am thinking of a number, Eric: Iam thinking of x number, I multiply itby 3 and subtract 6, ‘I multiply it by 5 and add 2. Eric and Ernie find that they both thought of the same number and both got the same final answer. ‘What number did they think of? Solve each of the following equations. a S(t—2)=41-1 b 4(r+2)=20r4 ce d 22x+3)=30-4) ‘The triangle shown is isosceles. ‘What is the perimeter of the triangle? eo +3 Sem 6.3 Rearranging formulae HOMEWORK 6C y Make x the subject. Moke w the subject. Make y the subject. “Make g the subject. Make q the subject. 2a=5b+1 Make b the subject. A rocket is fired vertically upwards with an initial velocity of u metres per second. After seconds the rocket’s velocity, v metres per second, is given by the formula w+ 10r. a Calculate v when w= 120 and 1=6 Rearrange the formula to make f the subject © Calculate ¢ when w= 20 and v= 100GHAPTER 6: Algebra: More complex equations end formulae ————_—_—_— SS SS re (GBD A restaurant has a large oven that can cook up to 10 chickens at a time. ‘The restaurant uses the following formula for the length of time it tales to cook n chickens: T= 100455 A large party is booked for a chicken dinner at 7 pm. They will need eight chickens between them. @ _Ittakes 15 minutes to get the chickens out of the oven and prepare them for serving. At what time should the eight chickens go into the oven? b The next day, another large party is booked in. i Rearrange the formula to make » the subject. ‘The party is booked in at 8 pm and the chef calculates she will need to put the chickens in the oven at 5.50 pm, How many chickens does the party need? AU GBB Kern notices that the price of six coffees is 90 pence cheaper than the price of nine teas. Let the price of a coffee be x pence and the price of a tea be y pence. @ Express the cost of a tea, y, in terms of the price of a coffee, x. b Ifthe price of a coffee is £1.20, how much is a tea? Distance, speed and time are connected by the formula Distance = Speed x Time. A delivery driver drove 90 miles at an average speed of 60 miles per hour. ‘On the return journey, he was held up at some road works for 30 minutes. What was his average speed on the return journey? Problem-solving Activity Number problems ‘What number is being described here? ris a prime number Now choose a number and write three of your own statements to describe it.7.1 Place value and ordering numbers HOMEWORK’ 7A Write the value of each underlined digit. (e a 516 b 374 © 689 d 4785 e 3007 J £7608 g 3542 hoizms i 87409 js 2777777 Write each of the following using just words. a 7245 b 9072 © 29450 d 2760000 e 5800000 ‘Write each of the following using digits only. a Eight thousand and five hundred b Posty two thousand and forty two ¢ Six million d_ Five million and five ‘Write these numbers in order, putting the smallest first. a 31, 20, 14, 22, 8, 25, 30, 12 b 159, 155, 176, 167, 170, 168, 151, 172 © 2100, 2070, 2002, 1990, 2010, 1998, 2000, 2092 Write these numbers in order, putting the largest first. a 49, 62,75, 57, 50, 72 b 988, 1052, 999, 1010, 980, 1007 ¢ 4567, 4765, 4675, 4576, 4657, 4756 Here are the distances from home to five seaside towns. ‘Skegness (86 miles) Rhyl (115 miles) Great Yarmouth (166 mies) Scarborough (80 miles) Blackpool (105 miles) a Which place is the furthest from home? b Which place is the nearest to home? Using each of the digits 7, 8 and 9 only once in each number: awrite as many three-digit numbers as you can. b which of your numbers is the smallest? © which of your numbers is the largest? Write down in order of size, largest first, all the two-digit numbers that can be made using 2, 4 and 6, (Bach digit can be repeated.) Copy each of these sentences, writing the numbers in words. a The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 12 756 kilometres, b The Moon is approximately 238 000 miles from the Earth. ¢ The greatest distance of the Earth from the Sun is 94 600 000 miles. Using each of the digits 1, 5, 6 and 9, make a four-digit even number greater than eight thousand. FM Functional Maths AU (02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem Solving UNIT 2 eX7.2 Adding and subtracting simple fractions HOMEWORK Example a §+828 b h-baH EBD Calculate cach of the following. ated b +t ce 5F dite e b4e fogs go tie oh 4d i oath i +h &® Catentate each of the following. a boa-k o 9-3 dim @ b-% f 9 i-4 ho$-3 i ho’ ibd @ Draw two diagrams to show ¢ and 3 b Show on your diagrams that ¢= } and § = 4. © Use the above information to write down the answers to each of the following, idag #443 ith t+y iv d+) vi-$ wid-} vii d-% vik G-4 Copy the diagrams below, shade them to show the working for this question and then write down the answer. a 4 = $ + = +f - There are ten people at a bus stop. Six get on a bus but four other people arrive. a How many people have been at the bus stop? bb What fraction of all these people are now at the bus stop? © Aman is giving away 100 free newspapers at the bus stop. Every 10 minutes 15 people arrive at the bus stop and half of them take a paper. How long will it take him to give away all the papers? 7.3 Improper fractions and mixed numbers HOMEWORK 7C GBD Change each of these top-heavy fractions into a mixed number. ay ba et a4 ed fe a he? ig i¥ ko 1% m2 n® ° D Change each of these mixed numbers into a top-heavy fraction. ai b 24 © 2s qd 4} e 34 f 1b g 2 h 2 i 3 i 43 k Sf 143 m 55 n 45 ° 1% UNIT 2(HAPTER 7: Number: Further arithmetic with fractions @® Check your answers to Questions 1 and 2 using the fraction buttons on your calculator. AU @@B_ Which of these improper fractions is the biggest? _ zB g i Show working to justify your answer. PS GED Find a mixed number that is greater than and less than §. Here is a list of numbers. 2 5 9 19 Using one of these numbers for the numerator and one for the denominator, find an improper frection with a value between 1 and 2. 74 Adding and subtracting fractions with the same denominator (Cancel down and change to a mixed number.) (Use equivalent fractions to make the denominators the same.) 3 GB Copy and complete each of these additions. a Rte b jah o 3+ ditt e ati © Copy and complete each of these subtractions. ap} b 5-3 ei-h d h-k e@ 3-3 @® Catculate each of these additions. Remember to cancel down, a att both © ttm do $45 e bts @@® Copy and complete each of these subtractions. Remember to cancel down, as b bt © 5-3 a i eid GB Calculate each of these additions. Remember to use equivalent fractions. a $e} b +h cate det e543 GD Calculate each of these subtractions. aint b ew © in} a 3-2 e -3 (©) Atacricket match, # of the crowd were men. What fraction of the crowd were women? @ eg Kz) a An iceberg shows $ of its mass above sea level. What fraction of it is below sea level? A petrol gauge shows that a tank is 2 full. What fraction of the tank is empty? David spends } of his pocket money on bus fares, } on magazines and saves the rest. He wants to save half of his pocket money. Does he succeed? In a local election Mr Weeks received 2 of the fotal votes, Ms Meenan received | and ‘Mr White received the remainder. What fraction of the total votes did Mr White receive? u On a certain day at a busy railway station, 7, of the trains arriving were on time, } were late by 10 minutes or less and the rest were late by more than 10 minutes. What fraction of the trains arrived late by more than 10 minutes? if \ { ol(CHAPTER 7: Number: Further arithmetic with fractions: rae einem oe seeeEnnnauCissmaena 7.5 Multiplying and di \y fractions HOMEWORK 7E AD Work out each of these multiplications, a tx b txt © ix} d ix} e fx} f ext ga ixt hoax ix i xs FM PS @@B) A printer is cutting sheets of paper down to smaller sizes. He cuts each sheet into quarters and then cuts each quarter in half. a What fraction of the original sheet is each new sheet? b Bach small sheet is sold for 10p. How many large sheets should be cut up to make £207 ‘There are 270 000 people living in Rotherham, One-sixth of these are aged over 60. Of the over-60s, two-thirds are women, ‘What fraction of the whole population are women over 60? b How many woman over 60 live in Rotherham? BB:(CHAPTER 7: Nurser: Further arithmetic with fractions Functional Maths Activity Organising an activity holiday On an activity holiday there are 180 students and you want to organise them in to groups for different activities, The activity leaders give you the following facts: Watersports (windsurfing and sailing) Abseiling All students take one watersport, except for one Two-thirds of all students do abseiling. group of 26 students who do a rope course ‘There are five equal-sized groups. instead, Windsurfing Rock climbing, ‘Two-fifths of all students do rock climbing. do wind: AaLE ot ail Fens So LO (One group has 21 students and one group has 18 ‘They are all taught at the same time. students, ‘The I-sized . ere are three equal-sized groups. There are two other groups. Two-thirds of the Sailing remaining students are in one group, There are three groups, The smallest group has one-quarter of the students doing sailing. ‘The other tvo groups have the same number of students in each. Copy and complete the table for the activity groups. Remember that there are 180 students in total. Choose your own rules for mountain biking. Decide the number of groups and work out the number in each group so that no mountain biking group excceds 30 students Activity Number in each group Windsurfing Sailing ‘Abseiling Rock climbing, ‘Mountain biking Now copy and complete this table to give the fraction of the total students in each group. ‘Activity Fraction of total students in each group Windsurfing Sailing ‘Abseiling Rock climbing Mountain biking i8.1 Multiples of whole numbers TEN ae xy GD Write out the first five multiples of: a4 b 6 8 di e 15. Remember: the first multiple is the number itself. | From the list of numbers below 28 19 36 43 64 53 77 66 56 60 15 29 61 45 51 write down those that ate: a multiples of 4b multiples of 5 multiples of 8. multiples of 11. a | G@ ee your calculator to see which of the nuzabers below are: a muttiplesof7 bultiples of 9 ¢ multiples of 12. 205 252 361 297 162 363 161 289 224 205 312 378 315 182 369 Find the biggest number smaller than 200 that is: a amuitipleof2 b amultipleof4 ¢ amultiple of 5 da multiple of 8 @ amultiple of 9. Find the smallest number that is a multiple of 3 and bigger than: a 10 b 100 © 1000 d 10000 e 1000000000. ‘There are 12 sweets in a bag. There are 96 sweets ready to put into bags. Will all the bags be full? Give a reason for your answer. @BD 48 people are at a wedding reception. The tables are arranged so that the same number of people sit at each table How many people sit at each table? Give two possible answers. ® Hereis alist of numbers. 4 99 10 12 14 20 a From the list, write down a multiple of 7. b From the list, write down a multiple of 6. ¢ From the list, write down a multiple of both 4 and 5. B (PS @BD Find the lowest odd number that is a multiple of 9 and a multiple of 15. 8.2 Factors of whole numbers HOMEWORK 8B Example Find the factors of 32. Look for the pairs of numbers which make 32 when multiplied together. These are 1x32=32, 2x 16=32 and 4x8=32. So the factors of 32 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. =) UNIT 2 —_ FMV Functional Maths AU (402) Assessing Understanding P'S (AO) Problem SolvingHAPTER 8: Number: Properties of number ‘What are the factors of each of these numbers? a 2 b 13 © 15 d 20 e 22 f 36 g 42 h 48 i 49 i 50 aE (@® Use your calculator to find the factors of each of these numbers. 2 10 bil ¢ 125 d 132 e 140 @ All the numbers in a to j are divisible by 11. Use your calculator to divide each one by 11 and then write down the answer. What do you notice? a 143 b 253 © 275 a 363 e 462 f 484 g Sol oh 583 i 792 BOL (FM@@B Fred wants to pack 18 items into boxes so that there are exactly the same nuraber of items in each box. How many ways can he do this? @® Here is a ist of numbers. 306 8 0 13 a From the list, write down a factor of 32. b From the list, write down a factor of 20. © From the list, write down a factor of both 26 and 39. Here are five numbers 15 20 24 27 30 Use factors to explain why 20 could be the odd one out. PS @@D Find the highest even number that is a factor of 30 and a factor of 42. 8.3 Prime numbers (GH) Write down all the prime numbers less than 40. @® Which of these numbers are prime? 4347 49 51 54 57 59 61 65 67 (@® This is a number patter to generate odd numbers. Line 1 2-1=1 Line 2 2x2- Line3 2x2x2~ a Work out the next three Lines of the pattern b Which lines have answers that axe prime numbers? Using the rules for recognising multiples, decide which of these numbers are not prime. 39 41 S1 nm 123 When two different prime numbers are multiplied together the answer is 91 What are the two prime numbers? GBP a Write down ovo prime numbers with a difference of 6. b Write down two more prime numbers with a difference of 6. ‘A mechanic has a set of 23 spanners. Is it possible to put them in a toolbox so that he has the same number of spanners in each part of his box? ~«- @ Explain your answer,8.4 Square numbers HOMEWORK 8D a@@ Write down the first ten square numbers. Here is a number pattern. 2xG+1=1 3x1+l 4x2+1 @ Write down the next three lines in the pattern, b Describe what you notice about the answers to each line of the pattern Write down the answer to each of the foifowing. You will need to use your calculator. aS bois? © 25° d 35? e 45° f 55% g 65 ho 75? i 85? j 9 Describe any pattern you notice. a Write down the value of 117. b Estimate the value of 10.5* How much do 15 rulers at 15 pence each cost? A builder buys 60 bricks for 60 pence each She has £40, How many extra bricks catt she afford to buy? Ina warehouse, books are stored on shelves in piles of 20. How many books are on two shelves, if there are ten piles of books on each shelf? UNIT 2 Write down the first five multiples of: as b7 © 16 d 25 e 30. Remember: the first multiple is the number itseif. Write down all the factors of each of these numbers. a 18 b 25 © 28 d 35 e 40 Write down the first three numbers that are multiples of both: a 2andS b 3and4 © Sand6 d 4and6 € Band id, Ina prize draw, raffle tickets are numbered from 1 to 100. A prize is given if a ticket drawn is a multiple of 10 or a multiple of 15. Which ticket holders will receive two prizes? Here is a number pattern using square numbers, a Write down the next three lines in the pattern, b What do you think is the answer to 21? ~ 20°? ‘Explain your answer.‘CHAPTER 8: Number: Properties of number 5 SS SS AUG From the list of numbers below: 4 6 7 10 13 16 21 23 25 28 34 37 40 49 50 write down those that are: a-prime numbers; b square numbers ‘Here are four numbers. 3° 2 2 36 Copy and complete the table by putting the numbers in the correct boxes. Square number [Factor of 24 ‘Odd number Multiple of 6 Use these four number cards to make a square number. SWE 8.5 Square roots HOMEWORK 8F CA rence ee TET Write down the positive square root of each of these numbers. a 64 b 25 © 49 d 81 e 16 f 36 g 100 hoi i144 i 400 Write down the answer to each of the following. You will need to use your calculator. a v5 b 1289 © Vaal d W625 e 1089 f i369 = og (V3I36 = sh VO08F =i Va SOF j_ «VITO BRO Here is a number pattern using square roots and square numbers. 1 Vi+V4=3 Vi +N4+V9=6 ‘Write down the next three lines in the pattern, b Describe any pattern you notice in the answers. Put these in order starting with the smallest value, Pe 0 VO Between which two consecutive whole numbers does the square root of 40 lie? A child has 125 square tiles which she is arranging into square patterns. How many tiles will be in the biggest square she can make? Square floor tiles are being fitted on a square kitchen floor. Altogether it needs 121 tiles. How many tiles are needed for each row? UNIT 2CHAPTER 8: Nurnber: Properties of number S—_—_——— 8.6 Powers bed ast eted [) Example — Work out 3°. =3x3x3x3x3 243 AD Use your calculator to work out the value of each of the following. av bv e 7P d 10° e 12 f 3 g 10 h 2 i 10° i 2 PS @@ Use your calculator to work out the answers to the following powers of 11. a i boi e iit Describe any patterns you notice in your answers. Does your pattern work for other powers of 11? Give a reason for your answer. fc) 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 WM 12 13) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2% 2 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 From the numbers above, write down: a all the multiples of 7 b all the factors of 30 © all the prime numbers the square of 6 @ the square root of 25 f the cube of 3 DA doxis in the shape of a cube. ‘The height of the box is 30 centimetres. ‘To work out the volume of a cube, use the formula Volume = (length of edge)? Work out the volume of the box. AU GBD Write each number as a power of a different number. ‘The first one has been done for you. a 16=2" 8.7 Multiplying and dividing by powers of 10 GAD Evaluate the following. a 35x 100 b 215x10 © 674x100 d 463x10 @ 30.145x10 f 78.56 1000 gg 6.42x 10? h 0.067 10 # 0,085 x 10° j 0.798 x 10° k 0.658x 1000 1 215,3x 10? m_ 0,889 x 10° n 352.147 10? @ 37.2841x 10° pp 34.28 10° GSD Evaluate the following. a 4538100 b © 76459+1000 d e@ 4228.7=100 f 9g 2465-10 oh i 76+10° j k 86.5 + 1000 1 m 08799108 on 7654+ 10° P Bp‘CHAPTER 8: Number: Properties of number nanan GD Evaivate the following. a 400x300 b 50x 4000 © 70x 200 d= 30x700 e@ Goy f (50) g (200)? h 40x 150 i 70200 j 605000 k 30x 250 1 700x200 G@) Evaluate the following. a 4000800 b 9000+30 c e 2100+700 f 9000-60 g 7 3000500 j —30000+2000 GBD Evaluate the following, a 73x10 b 3.29% 108 © 7.94 108 d 68x10" e 346+ 10? # 5.0710" g 23+10° h 0.89 +10 (AU @BD You are given that 18 x 21 = 378. ‘Write down the value of: a 180x210 b 3780221 “Match each calculation to its answer and then write out the calculations in order, starting with the smallest answer. 6000x300 $00x 7000-10000 900-20 x 80.000 3500000 1800000 »—1.600000 = 9.000.000 ‘The moon is approximately 400 000 km from earth Ifa spaceship takes eight days to reach the moon and return, how far does it travel each day? 8.8 Prime factors, LCM and HCF ieee) Example 2x3x5=4x3x5=60 ® Copy and complete the following prime factor trees. a MA b \F c A MA \e MA 70 2. 2 2 W=2x 5x... \/ \/ 90 126 90=2x3x3x... 126=2x3x...x BD Write the following as numbers. a 2x3 b 2x3x5* ¢ 3x7 d 2x3x5? e@ 3x5? - GED Write the following numbers as products of their prime factors. aw b 36 © 75 d 84 e 9=) (GHAPTER 8: Number: Properties of number (AU GBD a Express 45 as a product of prime factors. Write your answer to part a in index form. © Use your answer to part b to write 90 and 180 as a product of prime factors in index form. Ps S1=3x17 a Write 51” as a product of prime factors in index form. b Write 51? as a product of prime factors in index form. (AU GED The first three odd prime numbers are all factors of 105. Explain why this means that seven people can share £105 equally so that each receives an exact number of pounds. ERM hd G@ Find the LCM of these pairs of numbers. a 3and4 b Gand8 © Sand 12 d 10and 12 © 14and 21 f 20nd 24 (| Find the HCF of these pairs of numbers. a I6and 24 b 28and 35 © 24and 30 d 48 and 60 e 28.and 70 f 75 and 125 @® For each set of numbers, find i the lowest common multiple and ii the highest common factor. a 2,4and6 b 4,6and8 ¢ 8,12and16 d 6,12and15 @ 20,25 and30 EM @@D Nuts are in packs of 12. Bolts are in_ packs of 18. What is the least number of each pack that needs to be bought to have the same number of nuts and bolts? PS AU ‘The HCF of two numbers is 5. ‘The LCM of the same two numbers is 150. What are the numbers? 8.9 Rules for multiplying and divi [~) 1g powers elaine Write each of the following as a single power of 7. a xP b x7 e 7x? d Bx? e PxTxF ‘Write each of the following as a single power of x. a rxd b xxx ce xoxx d exe e exrxit Write each of the following as a single power of 4. a #24 b #24 c 47245 d 424 e 4x4tzg? Write each of the following as a singie power of y. a ysy b yey eg yey dd a Write down the value of 36 + 36 b Write 6? + 6? as a single power of 6. © Use parts a and b to write down the value 6°. UNIT 2‘CHAPTER 8: Numbex: Properties of number (AU @@D What happens whenever you divide a number by the same number? Bx er= 87 Write down one pair of possible values for a and b, Problem-solving Activity The alternative square root My square root button has broken. How can I find a square root using the other buttons? Here is a method for calculating square roots without using a square root button. Exanple JES Guess 7 6077 = 85 New guess & 60-8 = 7.5 New guess 7.8 6027.8 = 7.692 1 Nem guess 7.25 60+7-75 = 7-74 Answer is between 7.74 and 7.75 Exact answer 7.7459 Task 1 Use this method to find Vi000 and then V130. In each case give your answer to 1 decimal place. ‘Check your answers using the square root button. Task 2 Choose your own number and use this method to find its square root. ~9.1 Lines of symmetry leat e 7.9 GB Copy these shapes and draw on the lines of symmetry for each one. If it will help you, use tracing paper or a mirror to check your answers. e ©} Copy this regular hexagon and draw in all the lines of symmetry: GD Copy chese flow chart symbols and draw in all the lines of symmetry for each one. ‘BB & Q )) Tl ®@ Write down the number of lines of symmetry for each of these flags. — xX How many lines of symmetry does each of these letters have? a A b E c I d T e VY R= UNIT 2 FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem SolvingDraw three copies of the diagram on the right. Shade in two more squares so that the diagram has no lines of symmetry. b Shade in two more squares so that the diagram has, exactly one line of symmetry. © Shade in two more squares so that the diagram has exactly two lines of symmetry. @® How many shapes can you find in this garden that have lines of symmetry? Draw each one and put on the lines of symmetry. Here is a grid and two rectangles. a Ona copy of the grid, place the two rectangles so that the grid has one line of symmetry. b On another copy of the grid, place the two rectangles so that the grid has two lines of symmetry. AU @@B Which shape is the odd one out? Give a reason for your answer. Qe— al iCHAPTER & Geometry: Syrimetry 9.2 Rotational symmetry HOMEWORK SB GB Copy these shapes and write below each one the order of rotational symmetry. If it will help you, use tracing paper. ‘ER ‘Be Ay GBD Write down the order of rotational symmetry for each of these shapes. & © me O rE GD Write down the order of rotational symmetry for each of the symbols. a b or) ‘ & d \ e A GQ The capital letter A fits exactly onto itself only once. So, its order of rotational symmetry. is 1. This means that it has no rotational symmetry. Copy these capital letters and write the order of rotational symmetry below each one. , E ° I 1 ° | : L . N O , S . Z Draw two copies of the diagram on the right. a Shade in two more squares so that the diagram has rotational symmetry of order 2 and no lines of symmetry. b Shade in two more squares so that the diagram has rotational symmetry of order I and exactly 1 line of symmetry. p-CHAPTER 9: Geometry: Symmetry DP These pattems are taken from old Turkish coins. ‘What is the order of rotational symmetry for each one? > PS @BP Ox acopy of this shape, shade in four more squares so that the shape has rotational symmetry of order 2. Lizzie is drawing shapes that have rotational symmetry of order 3 Here are some of her examples. A ALS She says that all shapes that have rotational symmetry of order 3 must have three lines of symmetry. Draw an example to show that she is wrong. Functional Maths Activity ‘Symmetry in everyday life ‘What mathematical questions on symmetty could be asked about this picture? -—-(ea 10.1 Patterns in number HOMEW! ‘Look for the patvern and then write the next two lines. Check your answers with a calculator afterwards (AUG 7x 11x13. x2= 2002 (AU GED 3x7 13 x37x2= 20202 7x 11x 13 x3 = 3003 3x7x 13x37 Tx 11x13 x4 = 4004 3x7 13x37x Tx 11x13 x5 = 5005 3X7x 13 37% (AUG 3x (AUG 3x7-52- 4221 4x6=9-1 4x8=6-4=32 5x 6x From your observations on the number patteras above, answer Questions 5 to 9 without using a calculator. Check with a calculator once you have attempted them. PS QB 7x 11x 13x9= PS @BY 3x7 13x37x8= PS GHB 7x 1113x155 (PS @BD 3x7x13x37x15= PS QB 3x7x13%37x99= PS DY This is the calendar for January 2010. é January 2010 > Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun clea Bese ee) 4|5 16/7 | 8 | 9 | 10 n | 12} 3 | 44} 4 WwW 1g | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 29 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 30 3 a Take any 3x3 square, say: 718) 9 1415 | 16 a | 22 | 23 L ‘Add up the three numbers in the central column, the central row and the two diagonals. ‘What do you notice? UNIT 2 FM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patzerns b What connection is there with the middle number? © Choose another 3 x 3 square, say: a}ste| {esa nie Without adding any numbers, say what the totals of the three numbers in the central column, the central row and the two diagonals is. 10.2 Number sequences HOMEWORK 10B (EAP Look at the following number sequences. Write down the next three terms in each and explain how each sequence is found. a 4,6,8,10,... b 3,6,9.12, © 24,8, 16,. 5, 12,19,26,. @ 3,30,300,3000,... ff 1,4,9, 16, @@D Look carefully at each number sequence below. Find the next two numbers in the sequence and try to explain the pattern, a 1,2,3,5,8, 13,21 ae b 2,3,5,8,12,17,... GD Look at the sequences below. Find the rule for each sequence and write down its next three terms a 7, 14,28, 56,. b 3,10,17,24,31,.. © 1,3,7,15,31, 40, 39,37, 34,. © 36,11, 18, 27, f 4,5,7,10, 14, 19, ... g 4,6,7,9, 10,1 ho 5,8, 11, 14,17, i 5,7, 10, 14, 19, 25, i 10,9,7,4, k 200, 40, 8, 1.6, 1 3,15,0.75,0.375, ‘A well known thyme to pick someone from a group is: Eeny, meeny, miney, moe, Catch a baby by the toe. If he cries, let him go, Eeny, meeny, miney, moe. Each time a word is spoken, a different person is pointed at ‘The person pointed at on the last ‘moe’ is picked or is ‘out’ Imagine 10 people ~ Alexander, Briony, Chris, David, Ellie, Fran, Greta, Hermione, Isabel and Jack ~ are standing in a circle. Another person, Xavier, stands in the middle and starts by pointing at Alexander with the first “Eeny’. Check that the person that the last ‘moe’ lands on is Jack, Jack is out and there are now only nine people left in the circle. The rhyme is repeated, starting with the next person, who happens to be Alexander again, Once again, the person that the last ‘moe’ lands on is out. ‘The process carries on until only one person is left. a Whois the last person left? b What order were they eliminated in? ‘Two sequences are: 5, 11, 17, 23, 26, 32, 38, ... 1, 4,7, 10, 13, 16, 19, Will the two sequences ever have any terms in common? Explain your answer, UNIT 2 Derr: pr:‘CHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patterns SSS SSS SSS Go ‘Two sequences are 100, 96, 92, 88, 84, .. 2,8, 14, 20, 26, Find all the terms that the sequences have in common. 10.3 The nth term of a sequence HOMEWORK 10C B~: Use each of the following rules to write down the first five terms of a sequence. a n+l form=1,2,3,4,5 b 2n-1 forn=1,2,3,4,5 © 4n+2forn=1,2,3,4,5 do 2n? forn=1,2,3,4,5 e@ n=l forn=1,2,3,4,5 Write down the first five terms of the sequence which has its nth term as: a n+? b 4n-1 © 4n-3 don+l e wel ‘The nth term of a sequence is In ‘The first term of this sequenee is =—-+— ‘Work out the first five terms of this sequence as fractions, A physiotherapist ases this formula for charging for a series of n sessions if paid for in advance. For n= 5, cost will be £(35n + 20) For 6 11, cost will be £35n a How much will the physiotherapist charge for 8 sessions booked in advance? b How much will the physiotherapist charge for 14 sessions booked in advance? © One client paid £220 in advance for a series of sessions. How many sessions did she book? d= A runner has a leg injury and is not sure how many sessions it will take to cure. ‘The runner books 4 sessions in advance, and after the sessions starts to run in races again. The leg injury returns and he has to book another 3 sessions before he is finally cured, How much more did it cost him than if he had booked 7 sessions in advance? ‘The formula for working out a series of fractions is =H ‘Show that in the first 8 terms only one of the fractions is a terminating decimal. Gee i= BL Ifyou set this up on a. spreadsheet, find the relationship between the denominators of the terms that give terminating decimals in this series.CHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patterns: “The nth term of a sequence is 106 — 4n. ‘The nth term of another sequence is 6n — 4 ‘These two series have several terms in common, for example, 98, 86, 74, ... but only one term that is common and has the same position in the sequence, ‘Without writing out the sequences, show how you can tell, using the expressions for the ‘nth term, that this is the 11th term. leet aC) 2 (© Find the nth were in each of these linear sequences. a 5,7,9, 11,13... b 6,10, 14, 18, 22, © 6,11, 16, 21, 26, ed 3,9,15,21,27,... © 4,7, 10,1316... 3, 10,17, 24,31)... GED Find the 50th term in each of these linear sequences. a 3,5,7,9,11,.. b 5,9,13, 17,21, © 8,13, 18, 23,28, 2,8, 14,20,26,... @ 5,8,11, 14,17, f 2,9, 16, 23,30, (G@ Foreach sequence a tof, find: i thenth term i the 100th term ifthe term closest to 100. a 5,12, 19, 26, 33, b 9,11, 13, 15, 17, © 2,7,12,17,22, d 26,10, 14, 18, @ 5,13, 21,29, 37, f 6,7,8,9, 10, AU @@B The cube numbers are 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ... ‘The nth term of this sequence is given by n° Work out the 10th cube number. 1b Write down the nth terms of these sequences. i 2,9, 28, 65, 126, . fi 2, 8,54, 128, 250, ... iii 05,4, 13.5, 32, 62.5, ... This chart is used by a taxi firm for the charges for journeys of k kilometres. k 1 }2 [3 Ja Js fo 7 Js jo fio Charge (£) |4.50 }6.50 | 8.50. | 10.50 | 12.50 | 15.00 | 17.00 | 19.00 | 21.00 | 23.00 ke mo ji2 13 faa fas fie fir fas fag }20 Charge (£)_]26.00 | 28.00 } 30.00 | 32.00 | 34.00 | 37.00 } 39.00 | 41.00 | 43.00 | 45.00 Using the charges for 1 to 5 kilometres, work out an expression for the kth term. Using the charges for 6 to 10 kilometres, work out an expression for the Ath term. Using the charges for 10 to 15 kilometres, work oxt an expression for the Ath term. Using the charges for 16 to 20 kilometres, work out an expression for the Ath term, ‘What is the basic charge per kilometre? eoore A series of fractions is 3, #3 8, 1, Write down an expression for the nth term of the numerators. b Write down an expression for the nth term of the denominators. © i Work out the fraction when n= 1000. i Give the answer as a decimal. d_ Will the terms of the series ever be greater than 3? Explain your answer. unr 2 @GHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patterns remem i iia aii 10.4 Special sequences and algebra oil aee ae ne GB The powers of 3 are 34, 3%, 33, 343%... This give the sequence 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, Continue the sequence for another 3 terms. b The nth term is given by 3". Give the nth terms of each of these sequences. 2, 8, 26, 80, 242, ... 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 PS @@D isan odd number and q is an even number. State whether the following are odd or even. a p+s b 4-3 © » a@¢ e pq fF 2%w+g) 9 p+q h agp+a) AU GBD Write down che next two lines of this number pattern. Orr = ls VP 13 422 34+6 9 = F 6+10 = 16 = # is a prime number, Q is an odd number and R is an even number. ‘State if the following are always odd (O), always even (E) or could be either (C). a P+2 b P+Q c¢ PR+Q2 d (P+O\P+R) 10.5 General rules from given patterns eMail ra (EM@D A conference centre has tables that can each sit three people. When put together, the tables can seat people as shown, oo oo o oo 0 oc o = ooo oo oo 2 3 How many peopie could be seated at four tables? How many people could be seated at n tables put together in this way? © Acconference had 50 people who wished to use the tables in this way. How many tables would they need? oe GD A pater of shapes is built up from matchsticks as shown. : fa 4 of Draw the fourth diagram. How many matchsticks are in the nth diagram? How many matchsticks are in the 25th diagram? With 200 matchsticks, which is the biggest diagram that could be made? aorCHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patrerns GSD A pattern of hexagons is built up from matchsticks. Seeks Draw the fourth set of hexagons in this pattern. How many matchsticks are needed for the nth set of hexagons? How many matchsticks are needed to make the 60th set of hexagons? If there are only 100 matchsticks, thet is the largest set of hexagons that could be made? aon a Draw an equilateral triangle with each side9 em. ‘The perimeter will be 27 om. b Draw another equilateral triangle of side 3 em oa each edge. Work out the perimeter of the new shape. © Draw another equilateral triangle of side 1 em on each of the remaining edges. Work out the perimeter of the new shape. The next step would be to draw a triangle of side J em on each remaining edge, but this will be difficult to draw. Sem You should be able to write down the perimeter using the pattem of the perimeters so far. ‘The formula is 27 x (4)"~! ‘You will need a calculator with a power button (“). Jem\// 3 cm Work out 27 x (4+ 3) “0, which should equal 27. ‘Then work out 27 x (4 +3) 1, which should equal your answer to the perimeter in part b. Use the formula to work out the perimeter of the next drawing when n= 4 @ Work out the perimeter when » = 100. If we kept on drawing triangles, the perimeter would become infinite. ‘This is an example of a shape that has a finite area surrounded by an infinite perimeter. Sem 9om 3am For a display of grapefruits, a supermarket manager stacks them in layers, each of which isa triangle. These are the first four layers. a If the display is four layers deep, how many grapefruits will be in the display? b The manager tells his staff that there should not be any more than eight layers, as the fruit will get squashed otherwise. What is the most grapefmuits that could be stacked? x |GHAPTER 10: Algebra: Patterns SE AU GBD Harry is building three different patterns with counters, He builds the patterns in steps. Step 1 Step 2 Pattern 1 e ee e e e e Pattern 2 e e e Pattern 3 e ee e Harry has a packet that contains 1000 counters. ‘Which step will Harry get to before he runs out of counters? Problem-solving Activity Pascal's triangle Pascal's triangle has many uses in mathematics. Each row starts and ends with 1. The other numbers are formed by adding the two values above them. Continue Pascal's triangle for another three rows. Describe any patterns or special sequences you can see in Pascal’s triangle, ‘What is the special name given to the series of numbers down the diagonal marked B? =4. Bene Add each row, e.g. 1=1,141=2,1+2+ Explain how the series formed is building up. 5 Use the internet to find out about Blaise Pascal and his triangle. How can it be used in statistics? ae11.1 Rational numbers and reciprocals Peas aembaN GAWD Work out each of these fractions as a decimal. Give them as terminating decimals or recurring decimals as appropriate. ( 3 ag bik eos qn ek (© There are several patterns to be found in recurring decimals. For example, {5 = 0.0769230769230769230769230...., & = 0.153846153846153846153846..., #5 = 0.230769230769230769230769... and so on. a Write down the decimals for #, fy Fo Be Be 19 He f to 24 decimal places, b What do you notice? Write each of these fractions as a decimal. Use this to write the list in order of size, smallest first. a Convert each of these terminating decimals to a fraction in its simplest form. a 0357 b 0275 © 085 d 0.06 e 3.65 a4 b 8 6 32 d 40 e 100 Write down the reciprocal of each of the following fractions. ai bj ea dg eg Explain why the reciprocal of 1 is 1 ae @ © Vee a calculator to woxk out the reciprocal of exch of the following. ae AU GD. PS GBD a Work out the reciprocal of the reciprocal of 4. b_ Work out the reciprocal of the reciprocal of 5. © What do you notice 11.2 Increasing or decreasing quantities by a percentage [v} ee eee EEN TNT) beled Selita Example Increase £6 by 5%. Method 1 Find 5% of £6: (5 + 100) x 6 = £0.30 ‘Add the £0.30 to the original amount: £6 + £0.30 = £6.30 Method 2. Using a multiplier: 1.05 x 6 = £6.30 GAD Increase each of the following by the given percentage. (Use any method you like.) a £80byS% E150 by 10% © 8O0mby 15% A 320kg by 25% © £42 by30% «=f «EM bYOS% —«g_-«*IAemby 18% h £32 by 46% i S50gby 85% j- £72 by 72% ional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem Solving UNIT 3 exlumber: Percentages @@®D Mr Kent, who was on a salary of £32 500, was given a pay rise of 4%. What is his new salary? (FM@BD Copy and complete this electricity bill ‘Total charges Fixed charges £13.00 840 units @ 6.45 p per unit 1720 units @ 2.45 p per unit Total charges VAT @ 8% Total to pay @® A bank pays 8% simple interest on the money that each saver keeps in a savings account for a year. Miss Pettica puts £2000 in this account for three years. How much will she have in her account after: a Lyear b 2years ¢ 3 years? VAT (Value Added Tax) is a tax that the Government adds to the price of goods sold. At the moment it is 17.5% on all goods. Mrs Dow purchased these items from a gift catalogue, after VAT of 17.5% has been added. Gift Pre-VAT price ‘Travel alarm clock £18.00 Ladies’ purse wallet £15.20 Pet's luxury towel £12.80 Silver-plated bookmark £6.40 ‘She estimated that the total cost would be about £60. Was this a good estimate? Show how you decide. PS FM @@B A dining table costs £300 before the VAT is added. If the rate of VAT goes up from 15% to 20%, by how much will the cost of the dining table increase? Example Decrease £6 by 5%. ‘Method 1 Find 5% of £6: (5 + 100) x 6 = £0.30 Subtract the £0.30 from the original amount: £6 - £0.30 = £5.70 ‘Method 2 Using a multiplier: 0.95 x6 = £5.70 EAD Decrease each of the following by the given percentage. (Use any method you like.) a £20 by 10% b £150 by 20% c kg by 30% d SOmby 12% © £260by5% fF Wemby25% g 400 gby42% h £425 by 23% i 48kgby 75% j £63 by 37% i:Number: Percentages Mrs Denghali buys a new car from a garage for £8400. The garage owner tells her that the value of the car will decrease by 24% after one year. What will be the value of the car afier one year? ‘The population of a village in 2006 was 2400. In 2010 the population had decreased by 12% What was the population of the village in 2010? FIM @@ A Travel Agent is offering a 15% discount on holidays. How much will the advertised holiday now cost? NEW YORK FOR A WEEK £540 ea ‘New Year's Sale: Alll prices reduced by 20% Matt has £160 from Christmas presents. Can he afford to buy a shirt that normally costs. £30, a suit that normally costs £130, and a pair of shoes that normally cost £42? PS @EP A shop increases all its prices by 10%. One month later it advertises 10% off all marked prices. Are the goods cheaper, the same or more expensive than before the price increase? ‘Show how you work out your answer. 11.3 Expressing one quantity as a percentage of another quantity [“}- HOMEWORK 11D" Example Express £6 as a percentage of £40. Set up the fraction $ and multiply it by 100. 6 = 40 (GW Express each of the following as a percentage. Give your answers to one decimal place where necessary. a £8 0f £40 b 20kg of 80 kg © Smof50m d £15 0f £20 e400 g 0f 500g f 23cmof 50cm g £12 0f £36 hh 18minutes of Ihour i £27 of £40 j 5 days of 3 weeks ED Whar percentage of these shapes is shaded? a b GBD _nachass of 30 pupils, 18 are girls. What percentage of the class are girls? b What percentage of the class are boys? UNIT 3.(CHAPTER 11; Number: Percentages cr) (au ‘The area of a farm is 820 hectares. The farmer uses 240 hectares for pasture. ‘What percentage of the farm land is used for pasture? Give your answer to one decimal place, Here are some retail and wholesale prices: lem Retail price Wholesale price (Selling price) (Price the shop paid) a Micro Hi-Fi System £250 £150 bb CDRadio Cassette £90 £60 © MiniDisc Player £44.99 £30 d Cordless Headphones £29.99 £18 A shopkeeper wants to make over 40% profit on each item. Does he succeed at these prices? Paul and Val take the same tests. Both tests are worth the same number of marks. Here are their results. ‘Test A Test B Paul 30 40 Val 28 39 ‘Whose result has the greater percentage increase from test A to test B? Show your working. UNIT 3: Copy and complete the table Fraction | Decimal | Percentage a 4 0.4 e 15% Work ove these amounts. a 15% of £42 b 12% of 300 kg. © 35% of 240 ml What percentage is: a 36 out of 50 b 17 outof 25 © 60 out of 200 What is the result if: a 180 is increased by 25% b 4200 is decreased by 7% a A window-cleaner increases his fee from £12 to £15 per house. What is the percentage increase in his fee? b The number of houses on his round increases from 40 to 48. What is the percentage increase in the number of houses he cleans windows for? ¢ Forcleaning the windows of a bungalow, he offers a 30% discount on his new fee. ‘What does he charge a bungalow-owner?Number: Percentages ‘A new computer costs £800 at full price. In it’s winter sale, a computer shop offers a 20% discount. What is the sale price of the computer? bb The shop is also selling some computer software at a 15% discount. Before the sale it cost £120. Patricia decides to buy both the computer and the software in the sale. She has been saving £75 per month for a year. Does she have enough money? (AU PS GB A group of mothers agreed to compare the weights of their newly born babies. The ‘mothers said their babies had a mean weight of 4 kg when they were first born. The mothers said they would compare the weights one month later to see the average amount of weight they gained, When the babies were one month old the mothers said their babies had gained an average of 25% in weight. ‘What was the average weight after the month? b One of the mothers realised she had misread the scale and her baby was 0.5 kg heavier than she thought. Which of these statements is true? i The mean weight gain will have increased by more than 25%. ‘The mean weight gain will have stayed at 25% ‘The mean weight gain will have increased by less than 25%. iv There is not enough information to answer the question, on(CHAPTER 11: Number: Percentages Functional Maths Activity The cost of going to work Miss Jones + Miss Jones is 23 years old and lives in Bramley. + She works 20 miles from home, in Aston. + She is a manager in a small company and earns £18 000 per year. Rail Fares. = She works from Monday to Friday each week. Bramley to Aston + She has four weeks holiday per year. Moshi eis estas + She always takes two of these holiday weeks in July every year. 3umonth ticket £652.03 + She travels to work by train ticket. * She has a 16-25 Railcard. Aged 16-25 or a full-time student aged 26 or aver? S38 tie ahs imps Wey Save 1/3 on most rail fares throughout Great Britain tial + The journey takes 45 minutes 46-26 Railcard discounts now apply to all Standard and First Class Advance fares. each way. + She uses the local sandwich shop for lunch each day. sandwich shop @ Smatl sandwiches ~ £2.50 Mr Smith Lange Sandwiches ~ £3.30 Pay weekly gor your sandwiches jjand get Friday sree! a + Mr Smith is 45 years old and lives in Sunnyside. + He works £0 miles from home, in Todwick. + He is a maintenance worker in the same small company and earns £12000 per year. + He works from Monday to Saturday each week. + Hehas six weeks holiday per year. [aus fares + He travels to work by bus each day, using a daily return ticket, Todwick to Aston | + The journey takes 30 minutes each way. Single . + He has lunch in the works canteen each day. Return + He always has the set meal, plus a drink and two portions of eee a extra vegetables. WorKS CANTEEN SET MEAL £4 DRINKS - 75P EACH EXTRA VEGETABLES 50P PER PORTION B~:CHAPTER 11: Number: Percentages a eons Functional Maths Activity (continued) | at Task 1 ‘Answer the following questions about Miss Jones. 1 How many weeks does she work in a year? 2. How much is she paid each month? 3. How much does she pay for a monthly rail ticket? 4) Why does she buy weekly tickets in July? 5 What percentage of her salary does she spend on travel to work, including the cost of the Railcard, in one year? How much would she pay at the sandwich shop if she pays weekly for small sandwiches? ‘What percentage is this of her salary per month? ‘What percentage of the cost of the sandwiches is she saving? How much more per week would it cost her if she had large sandwiches? ‘What percentage of her monthly salary is the answer to question 82 10 One-third of her salary is spent on taxes. How much does she have left after tax? What percentage is this? 11 Rework questions 6 and 7 according to your answer in question 10. o ean ‘Task 2 Use your answers to Task 1 to help you to work out how much money Miss Jones has left after deducting taxes, travelling and meal costs from her salary. Give your answer as a monthly amount. What percentage is this of her total salary? ‘Task 3 ‘Work the time that Miss Jones spends travelling to and from work each year. What percentage is this? Task 4 ‘Work out how much money Mr Smith has left after deducting taxes, travelling and meal costs from his salary per year. What percentage is this of his annual salary’ Task S + Imagine that you live 15 miles from work. + Decide costs for travelling to work by train or bus. + Decide what you will eat at lunchtime. + Decide what your salary will be. + Ifthe salary is low, deduct one-third of the salary for taxes, + Ifthe salary is high, the ratio of tax to remaining pay is 2: 1. + Work out how much money you will have left after deducting taxes, travelling and meal costs from your salary. What percentage is this? ol12.1 Solving linear equations HOMEWORK A ED Solve the following equations. a x4+2=8 b y-4=3 © s+7=10 dor-7=4 e p=i2 f Sq=15 9 £- 4n=20 ae = <= 1 4. i fez jo b+1=2 kc 7 $a (AU @BB The solution to the equation = 6 is x = 24. ‘Write down two different equations for which the solution is 24, Here are three equations, A Ee 5 6 Give one similarity between A and B. b Give one similarity between A and C. © — Give one similarity between B and C. G&D Set up an equation to represent the following. Use x for the variable My mother is twice as old as me. She is 38 years old. How old am 1? GZ Set up an equation to represent the following. Use y for the variable. 10 litres of petrol cost £9.50. How much is one litre? HOMEWORK 12B Example Solve 3r~4 ‘The flow diagram for the equation is: x—+|x3|—[- 4] 11 1 using an inverse flow diagram. Inverse flow diagram: xe—[e3]-—[e4] Put through the value on the right-hand side: 5<_|e3] [+4] — The answer is x= 5 Checking the answer gives 3 x5 4= 11 which is correct, Kk» UNIT 3 FIM Functional Maths AU (402) Assessing Understanding PS (A03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 12: Algebra, Further algebra GAD Solve each of the following equations using inverse flow diagrams. Do not forget to check that each answer works in the original equation, a &k+5=13 b 3x-2=4 © 2-753 d 3y-9=9 e Sa+l=ll ff 4x45=21 g 6y+6=24 oh Sx¥4 i = 492 £425 i &-10=30 k 5-283 154258 xe 2462 m 5-3-1 0 Z+6=10 ‘The reverse flow diagram shows the solution to an equation. 32 8 6 x4 +2 What is the equation? ‘The diagram shows a two-step number machine. Input Ourput m +2 +1 ‘pu Find a value for the input that gives the same value for the output. Lele elit arsed "Example Solve the equation 3x ~ 5 = 16 by ‘doing the same to both sides’. 3r-5=16 Add 5 to both sides Bao 54521645 3x=21 Divide both sides by 3 3x21 He x 3 =7 GAD Solve each of the following equations by ‘doing the same to both sides”. Do not forget to check that each answer works in the original equation. a x45=6 b y-3=4 © xt5=3 d 2y+4=12 e 345=200 Ff 2e-4=12 g 6b43=21 0h xsd 3 Bose 4438 z i m-3=4 j F-5=2 k Gsse6 4 AU EBD The solution of the equation 3 +8 = 16 is x= 24. Make up two more different equations of the form 2 +b=c where a, b and c are positive whole numbers for which the answer is also 24. a(CHAPTER 12: Algebra: Further algebra Oa ela ‘Two students solved the equation z 4+3-=5 in two different ways: Student 1 Student 2 X43= 2435 $+3=5 £4325 Ft3+32543 GX 2a2K2 xed x=4 ‘Which student used the correct method? b Explain the mistakes the other student made. A Example Solve 4x + 23. Subtract 3 to give Now divide both sides by 4 to give The solution is ‘Solve each of the following equations. Do not forget to check that each answer works in the original equation, a 2x+1=7 b 2t+5=13 © 3x+5=17 d 4y4+7=27 e@ 2%-8=12 9 f 5t-3=27 9 543-6 h E4253 3-355 B-x=2 ko 13-%=3 1 6-3z2=0 Solve each of these equations. a At2a4 b 2ste2 c A teacher reads out the following to her class: “Tam thinking of a number. { multiply it by 2 and then subtract 3. The answer is 12. What number did I think of to start with?” a What was the number the teacher thought of? b Ben misunderstood the instructions and got the operations the wrong way round. What number did Ben think the teacher started with? Six boxes of apples each holding A apples are delivered to a supermarket, 18 of the apples are found to be bad and thrown away. ‘The rest are packed into 45 trays with six apples in each before being put on the shelves. How many apples, A, are in each box?(HAPTER 12: Algebra: Further algebra 12.2 Setting up equations Set up an equation to represent each situation described below. Then solve the equation. Do not forget to check your answer to each question, (GAD A teacher asks her class to think of a number and subtract 6 from it. ‘My final = gy) Smovervns a Vickram | thought of 9 to start a What was Alan’s final answer? b What was Vikram's original answer? A class of 24 students had a collection to buy some chocolates for their teacher’s birthday. Each student gave p pence and the teaching assistant gave a pound. The chocolates cost £10.60. a Which of the following equations represents this situation? 24p+1=10.6 4p +100=106 — 24p + 100= 1060 b How much did each student contribute? ‘This diagram shows the way that water flows through a pipe network. B 4 —— 3 c A xt D Water enters at A, and at each junction the fractions show the proportion of water that take each route. @ 9000 gallons enter at A. How many gallons come out of each of exits B, C and D? b If 1200 gallons exit at B, how many gallons entered at A? © If 4800 gallons exit at D, how many gallons exit at B? Martin bought 12 bottles of pop. When he got to the till, he used a £2 coupon as part payment. His final bill was £7. Set this problem up as an equation using p as the cost of one bottle of pop. b Solve the equation to work out the cost of one bottle of pop. (PS GSD. A rectangular room is 4 metres longer than it is wide. The perimeter is 28 metres. It cost Mr Plush £607.50 to carpet the room. How much is the carpet per square metre? a(CHAPTER 12: Algebra: ‘urther algebra m-«: Books cost twice as much as magazines. Kerry buys the same number of books and magazines and pays £22.50 Derek buy one book and two magazines and pays £6. ‘How many magazines did Kerry buy? A girl is Y years old. Her father is 23 years older than she is. The sum of their ages is 37 How old is the girl? A boy is X years old, His sister is twice as old as he is. The sum of their ages is 24. How old is the boy? ‘The diagram shows a rectangle. (e+ dem Find x ifthe perimeter is 24 cm. Bem! Find the length of each side of the pentagon, if it has a perimeter of 32 em. On a bookshelf there are 2b crime novels, 3b — 2 science fiction novels and b + 7 romance novels. Find how many of each type of book there is, if Uzere are 65 books altogether. Maureen thought of a number. She multiplied it by 4 and then added 6 to get an answer of 26. What number did she start with? Declan also thought of a number. He took: away 4 from the number and then multiplied by 3 to get an answer of 24. What rumber did he start with? Sandeep’s money box contains 50p coins, £1 coins and £2 coins. In the box there are twice as many £1 coins than 5Op coins and 4 more £2 coins than 50p coins. There are 44 coins in the box. ‘2 Find how many of each coin there is in the box. How mach money does Sandeep have in his money box? Olivia has some unlabelled tins of rice pudding. She needs to find out how much they weigh Olivia doesn’t have any weights but she does have a set of scales and some other tins with labels on them. After some trial and improvement, she finds that five of her tins of rice and one tin of beans weighing 120 g balance with three of her rice tins and two jars of jam weighing 454 g each. How much does one tin of rice weigh?(CHAPTER 12: Algebra: Further algebra AU @BP_ The diagram shows two number machines that perform the same operations. SS © © Starting with an input value of 4, work through the lefi-hand machine to get the output. b Find an input value that gives the same value for the output. © Fill in the algebraic expressions in the right hand machine for an input of n (the first ‘operation has been filled in for you), Sct up an equation for the same input and output and show each step in solving the equation to get the answer in part b, Could the triangle shown here be an equilateral triangle? ty X 1 2 +3 12.3 Trial and improvement HOMEWORK 12F @W Without using a calculator, find the two consecutive whole numbers between which the solution to each of the following equations lies. a #=10 b =50 © x =800 d 2 =300 Show that 2? + 2x = 20 has a solution between x = 3 and x = 4, and find the solution to. one decimal place. ag (GDP Find two consecutive whole numbers between which the solution to each of the following ‘equations lies. a Stxs7 b P4x=55 © +x= 102 do tx=89 (G@) Find a solution to each of the following equations to one decimal place. a to x=30 b -x=95 © x= 150 d P-x=333 (GSD Show that x +x = 45 has a solution between x = 3 and.x = 4, and find the solution to one decimal place. UNIT 3(CHAPTER 12: Algebra: Further algebra SESS ESS GED Show that x? — 2x = 95 has a solution between x = 4 and x = 5, and find the solution to cone decimal place. @® This cuboid has a volume of 1000 cm’. x+3 we a Write down an expression for the volume. b Use trial and improvement to find the value of x to one decimal place. (@® Darius is using trial and improvement to find a solution to the equation x° — x* = 25 This table shows his first trial. we =25 ‘Comment 3 18 Too low Copy and continue the table to find a solution to the equation. Give your answer correct to one decimal place. ‘Two numbers, a and b, are such that ab = 20 and a~b=5 Use trial and improvement to find the two numbers to one decimal place. Copy and then fill in the table below, The first two lines have been done for you, a b=(20=a) a-b ‘Comment 5 4 1 Too low 10 2 g ‘Too high 12.4 Solving linear inequalities HOMEWORK 12G BD Solve the following linear inequalities. Cc a xt3<8 b 1-2>6 © p+3ei1 do 4-5<7 e aye4=22 f 2-S>13 9 2H0 «<2 x23 x=2 x<9 ‘She writes “TRUE' on one side of the board and ‘FALSE! on the other side. She asks other students to call out a number, and the students with the cards have to stand by the “TRUE” side if their card is true for the number, or by the ‘FALSE! side if it isn’t. a A student calls out ‘2° and the students all go to the correct side. i Which cards are held by the students on the “TRUE’ side? ii Which cards are held by the students on the ‘FALSE" side? b Finda value that would satisfy these groupings: ‘True False x23 <9 x>0 x<2 x=2 eave Ce Pi GBD Write down the inequality that is represented by each diagram below. a b © eo ~————o Oo id TPR SSUTTE S350 3 a e f ~—e o> oe TTT 3 2 67s $4570 4579 a4 (Draw diagrams to illustrate the following. a x52 b x>3 c xl d x<4 e x=3 fo i2 e 4x4+3=9 f Sr-4216 g 2x-1>13 ho 3x46<3 i owei 20 and solve the inequality. Explain why 2x + 7 < 20 and solve the inequality. Show the solution to both of these inequalities on a number line. What is the price of a CD if it is a whole number of pounds? nore a(CHAPTER 12: Algebra: Further algebra (AU GBB. Copy the number tines below and draw two inequalities on them so that they have the integers {5, 6, 7, 8) in common. o 123 4 5 67 8 9 10 TOT TT Oo 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12.5 Drawing quadratic graphs cA — HOMEWORK 12) GD 2 Copy and complete the table for the graph of y= 2x? for-3- A oe f=) UNIT 3 FIM Functional Maths AU (02) Assessing Understanding P'S (403) Problem SolvingHAPTER 13: Geometry and measures: Angles and bearings GZ Calculate the size of the angle marked with a letter in each of the polygons below. YQ us Footpath to the beach 200 metres Hie needs to cut the two angles marked x accurately. How big is each one? PS GBP Find the value of xin the diagram. Paul says that the size of angle x is 52° Explain why Paul is wrong. Work out the correct value for x. 13.2 Regular polygons HOMEWORK 13B (GAD For cach regular polygon below, find the interior angle x and the exterior angle y. a b : Cc ~LL aoe eiCHAPTER 13: Geornetry and measures: Angles and bearings @D Find the number of sides of the regular polygon with an exterior angle of: a 20° b 30° ce 18° d 4. ‘ind the number of sides of the regular polygon with an interior angle Find the number gular polyg el a 135° b 165° © 170° d 156°. GAD What is the name of the regular polygon whose interior angle is treble its exterior angle? FM@S Four regular octagonal tiles of the same size are put together to make a floor tiling pattern ‘What is the shape of the tile that is required to fill the gap? PS @BP ABCDE isa regular pentagon. A E B D c ‘Work out the size of angle ADE. Give reasons for your answer. AU GFP. Which of the following statements are true for a regular hexagon? The size of each interior angle is 60° . The size of each interior angle is 120° . The size of each exterior angle is 60° The size of each exterior angle is 240° Bene 13.3 Bearings HOMEWORK 13C [A GBD a Write down the bearing of B from A. b Write down the bearing of D from C. N N B se 62" D © Write down the bearing of F from. d_ Write down the bearing of H from G. N N E ho ¥. 18° B G UNIT 3CHAPTER 13: Geometry and measures: Angles and bearings (© On the right is a map of Britain. By measuring angles, find the bearings of: London from Edinburgh London from Cardiff Edinburgh from Cardiff Cardiff from London, aoc An aircraft flies directly from London to Paris. ‘The diagram shows the aircraft's flight path. @ Write down the three-figure bearing of Paris London, from London, b Work out the actual distance from London to Paris, ¢ The aircraft flies directly back to London. Seale: L em represents 50 km What is the three-figure bearing of London from Paris? a The bearing of B from A is 2°. N What is the bearing of A from B? b The bearing of Y from X is y°. . N What is the bearing of X from Y? (GD Town B is 40 km from Town A and on a bearing of 050°, ‘Town C is 60 km from Town A and on a bearing of 300°. Make a scale drawing to find the bearing of Town B from Town C. iCHAPTER 13: Geometry and measures: Angles and bearings A ship is sailing at a bearing of 324° when it receives an order to change course to due East. Through how many degrees should it turn? (PS @@P The three towns, A, B and C, form an equilateral triangle. B is due north of A. The bearing of C from A is 060°. What is the bearing of C from B? "Functional Maths Activity Back bearings ‘The three-figure bearing of B from A is 060°, N A ‘The three-figure bearing of A from B is known as a back bearing. ‘The diagram below shows that the back bearing of A from B is 240°, ‘Trevor is taking an examination for his pilot's licence. Here is one of his questions. ‘The map shows three airports in England. @ Use the map to find the three-figure bearing for each of the following flights: i Newcastle from Manchester Heathrow from Newcastle Manchester from Heathrow. b Calculate the back bearing for each flight. B~-Peale GD Measure the radius of each of the following circles, giving your answers in centimetres. (a Write down the diameter of each circle. iy a b a c = bi (@®) Draw circles with the following measurements. a Radius = 1.5 cm b Radius =4 em © Diameter =7 em Diameter =9.6 em @® Accurately draw the following shapes. a b bem em) FIVI Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem Solving UNIT 3CHAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles @® rw an accurate copy of this diagram. ‘What is the length of the diameter of the circle? 3om @®@ _ Draw an accurate copy of this diagram. What is the diameter of the circle? Sem| Som Six identical circles fit inside a rectangle, b ‘The radius of each circle is 3 em, Work out the lengths of a and b marked on the diagram. ‘The diagram shows a circle with centre O. ‘The line XYZ touches the circle at. x ¥ Zz a Write down the mathematical name of the line XYZ. b Ona copy of the diagram, draw the radius that meets the circumference at Y. © What do you notice about the angle OYZ? FM @BD Coins with a radius of 1 cm are cut from a strip of metal, which is 2 cm wide and 45 cm Jong. How many coins can be cut from the strip? b~:CHAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles SS SF 14.2 The circumference of a circle Pease) Example Calculate the circumference of the circle with a diameter of 4 cm, Use the formula c=nd. Soc=mx4=12.6 cm (dp). (GW Calculate the circumference of each circle illustrated below. Give your answers to one decimal place. | SS | - a b f) ® EZ Calculate the circumference of each circle illustrated below. Give your answers to one decimal place. a @) b + c | | (4 FM @3B Pat needs to put a fence around her circular pond, which has a diameter of 15 metres. ‘What is the length of fencing she requires, if she buys the fencing in one-metre lengths? FM @@B Roger trains for an athletics competition by running around a circular track, which has a radius of 50m. a Calculate the circumference of the track. Give your answer to one decimal place. b How many complete circuits will he need to run to be sure of running 5000 m? UNIT 3G Catculate the perimeter of this semicircle, 20m What is the diameter of a circle with a circumference of 40 cm? Give your answer to one decimal place. @S (AU GBD A trundle wheel is used by surveyors to estimate distances. A click is made every time the wheel travels one metre along the ground. If you wanted to make a trundle wheel of your own, what would the radius have to be? (PS GBD A circle has a radius of rm, Another circle has a radius of (r + 1) em. Prove that the difference in the two circumferences is 2% om. FM @BB The diameter of a cotton ree! 3m 3m, Cotton is wound onto the reel by rotating it on a machine, ‘A manufacturer wants to put on 80 m of cotton. Hlow many rotations should he set the machine for? aCHAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles 14.3 The area of a HOMEWORK 14C Example Calculate the area of a circle with a radius of 7 em. Use the formula A=, SoA=nxrxr=x7X7= 153.9 cm? (Idp). (GW Calculate the area of each circle illustrated below. Give your answers to one decimal place. a b © E® Catculate the area of each circle illustrated below. Give your answers to one decimal place. a b S c a * e EM @SB A circular table has a diameter of 80 cm. a Helenis preparing a meal for six people. She knows that to sit in comfort around the table, each person needs 30 cm of space. Is the table big enough for six people? Give a reason for your answer. b A tablecloth should have an overlap of about 10 cm. What size of circular tablecloth is needed for this table? QD © a -@CHAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles B @@® Thee diagram shows circular path around a flower bed in a park, The radius of the flower bed is 6 m and the width of the path is 1 m. Calculate the area of the flower bed. Write down the radius of the large circle. Calculate the area of the large circle. Calculate the area of the path. ‘A company charges £12 per square metre for concrete, Dan wants a new path and has £300 to spend. Can he afford a concrete path? eooce a (GP The diagram shows a running track. 100m 100 m @ Calculate the perimeter of the track. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. b Calculate the total area inside the track. Give your answer to the nearest whole number, (@® A circle has a circumference of 50 cm. a Calculate the diameter of the circle to one decimal place. bb What is the radius of the circle to one decimal place? © Calculate the area of the circle to one decimal place. ‘The diagram shows a metal ring used by a manufacturing company. 420m Calculate the area of the ring. Give your answer to one decimal place. AU GBD The diameter of a circle is a. Engineers often use the formula A = af for the area of a circle instead of A Can you show that these give the same answer? B~:HAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles ‘The diagram shows a shape made from a semicircle and a rectangle. (i Sem) em ‘What is the area of this shape? 14.4 Answers in terms of x HOMEWORK 14D Example Write down the circumference (c) and area (A) of a circle whose radius is 5 cm. Give your answers in terms of 7. mx 10= 10m em A=nr=nx25=25mem* Leave all your answers in terms of r. State the circumference of the following circles. a Diameter 7 em b RadiusScm ——¢ Diameter 19cm —d Radius 3 em State the area of the following circles. a Radius 8 cm b Diameter7cm — ¢ Diameter 18cm — d Radius 9 cm The diagram shows a circular pond with a diameter of 1.8 m. Sasha wants to put water lilies in the pond. This is done by putting pots under the water ‘with individual plants in, She wants to have about six plants per square metre. How many should she buy? Sean is working out the area of this circle, which has a radius of 8 cm. He is going (o write the area down in terms of r. ‘He writes down: A= l6ncm? Explain why Sean is wrong. ursCHAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles : Db = State the diameter of a circle with a circumference of 4x em. State the radius of a circle with an area of 36m cm*, State the diameter of a circle with a circumference of 20 em. State the radius of a circle with an area of 20cm”. Calculate i the perimeter and ii the area for each of the following shapes, giving your answers in terms of r. “oY ° om AA star shape is made by cutting four quadrants from a square with side length 2a. 2a 2a Find a formula for the area of the star in terms of a.HAPTER 14: Geometry: Circles Functional Maths Activity Track-and-field event measurement ‘The diagram shows the layout of a sports field for track-and-field events. Joe is a University student of Sport Science and has been set a task to answer the questions below about track-and-field events. Help him to answer the questions. 100 m 1 Calculate the area of the space inside the running track. Give your answer to the nearest 10 m?. 2. Calculate the area of the semicircle inside the high jump zone. Give your answer to the nearest m?. 3 Calculate the total distance around the inner marking of the running track. Give your answer to the nearest metre. 4 The width of each lane is 1.25 m. Calculate the total distance around the outer marking of the running track. Give your answer to the nearest metre. 5 Anathlete completes a 100 m sprint in 12 seconds. Calculate his speed in kilometres per hour. 6 Why isa track field designed in an oval shape, rather than in a circle? ol15.1 Congruent shapes HOMEWORK 154 (@@ State whether each pair of shapes a to f are congruent or not. re : ‘ =] NX / Ga e f & Gn @ eB © Which figure in each group of shapes is not congruent to the other two? [as ee 9 43 € BD M Ade FX EK» UNIT 3 FM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding PS (03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations FM GBB While she was sitting in a doctors waiting room, Katrina looked at a simple design made — of wood built into the wall as shown. a What is the name of this six-sided regular shape? b If you were to label its vertices ABCDEF and the centre O, how many other shapes inside the six-sided shape are congruent to: i triangle ABC? fi quadrilateral ABCD? iii tiangle ACE? iv rectangle ABDE? Vv triangle AOB? vi triangle ABD? vii_ pentagon ABCDE? GG The kite ABCD is shown on the right. The diagonals AC A and BD intersect at X. 8 D> Which of the following statements are true? a Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle ACD. b Triangle ABD is congruent to triangle BCD. © Triangle XBC is congruent to triangle XCD. ¢ There are two single-digit numbers that could be considered congruent. How many numbers less than one hundred can you write down that could be considered congruent with another? ‘Write all these numbers down in their congruent pairs Uzia and Pete are looking at a stained glass window. Uzma says to Pete, ‘It's amazing how they can create such a window with different-sized congruent shapes.” Pete replies, “Yes, you are right.” How can this statement be correct? ~HAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations —————— eee 15.2 Tessellations HOMEWORK 156 GB On squared paper, show how each of these shapes tessellate. You should draw at least six shapes. Use isometric paper to show how a regular hexagon tessellates. eff says, ‘All hexagons tessellate” Investigate this statement to see if you think it may be true. @& se we 15.3 Translations JOMEWORK 15C GB Copy cach of these shapes onto squared paper and draw its image by using the given translation. Al Explain what is meant by a shape tessellating. 4 squares left(CHAPTER 15: Geametry: Transformations SS —————E—E a ED Copy each of these shapes onto squared paper and draw its image by using the given translation, a 3 squares right and 2 squares down 3 squares rightand 4 squares up f { iM © 3squares left and 3 squares down d_ 4 squares left and 1 square up (GB) Describe these translations using vectors. i AtoB Ato AtoD iv BwA v BwC vi BtoD , 012345678 Sionizisia ® © Onagria showing values of x and y from 0 to 10, draw the triangle with coordinates A(4, 4), B(5, 7) and Cf6, 5). b Draw the image of ABC after a translation with vector (3). Label this P. © Draw the image of ABC after a translation with vector (4). Label this Q. d= Draw the image of ABC after a translation with vector (3). Label this R. @ Draw the image of ABC after a translation with vector (3). Label this S. Start finish, —> ‘Write down a series of translations which will take you from the Start / finish around the shaded square without touching it, and back to the Start / finish. Make as few translations as possible.(HAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations Se A series of translations take you from a starting position back to where you started. If you add together all the numbers shown in the translation vectors, what is the sum? 15.4 Reflections eau (GW Copy each shape onto squared paper and draw its image after a reflection in the giver ‘mirror line. a b (@@D Draw each of these figures on squared paper and then draw the reflection of the figure in the mirror line. a b c d | °(CHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations GED Copy this diagram onto squared paper. a Reflect the triangie ABC in the x-axis. Label the image R. b Reflect the triangle ABC in the y-axis. Label the image S. © What special name is given to figures that are exactly the same shape and size? PS G4) There are five capital letters that can, when reflected, form another capital letter. Name these letters and what other letter they reflect to form. tetrahedron. What is the name of this triangle? y : Draw a pair of axes, x-axis from —5 to 5, y-axis from —5 to 5. Draw the triangle with coordinates A(2, 2), BG, 4), C(2, 4) Reflect the triangle ABC in the line y = x. Label the image P. Reflect the triangle P in the line y = ~x. Label the image Q. (AU GD There is a triangle that, when you draw a reflection on each side, creates the net of a Reflect triangle Q in the line y = x, tabel it R. Describe the reflection that will move triangle ABC to tangle R. menos 15.5 Rotations HOMEWORK 15E EBD Copy each of these diagrams onto squared paper. Draw its image using the given rotation about the centre of rotation A. Using tracing paper may help. ¢ }tum anticlockwise dj turn clockwiseCHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations @&®D Copy each of these flags onto squared paper. Draw its image using the given rotation about the centre of rotation A. Using tracing paper may help. ow i B € 90° turn anticlockwise @® Copy this T-shape onto squared paper. a Rotate the shape 90° clockwise about the origin O. Label the image P. b Rotate the shape 180° about the origin O. Label the image Q. © Rotate the shape 270° clockwise about the origin O. Label the image R. What rotation takes R back to the original shape? (Fu GD A designer came up with the following routine for creating a design: Start with a rectangle ABCD. Reflect the rectangle in the line AC. Rotate the whole shape about the centre point of line AC, clockwise 90 degrees. From any rectangle of your choice, create a design using the above routine. (PS GED Choose any one of the triangles below as a starting triangle ABC. Describe how to keep rotating the shape fo get the final diagram shown. UNIT 3.GHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations GED Copy the diagram and rotate the given triangle by: 90° clockwise about (0, 0) 180° about (0, -2) 90° anticlockwise about (-1, -1) 180° about (0, 0). aore ‘Tom said: ‘If I rotate a shape, then the image is always congruent’ Ts Tom's statement: A. sometimes true? B_ never true? € always true? 15.6 Enlargements Rese ae (GD Copy each of these figures onto squared paper with its centre of enlargement A. Then enlarge it by the given scale factor using the ray method. Scale factor 2 Scale factor 3 ED Copy each of these diagrams onto squared paper and enlarge it by scale factor 2 using the origin as the centie of enlargement. a b(CHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations ots a sea ee o Tis sete @® Copy each figure below with its centre of enlargement, leaving plenty of space for the enlargement. Then enlarge them by the given scale factor using the counting squares ‘method. ‘Seale factor > Seale factor + KY A designer is told to use the following routine: Stant with an octagon in the shape of 2 letter T. Reflect the T in the sma line on the bottom of the T. Rotate the whole new shape about the midpoint, M, of the small line you have just reflected in. Enlarge the whole shape by scale factor 2, centre of enlargement point M. Start with a shape T of your choice and create the design above. ‘Tina enlarged a shape and found the image was congruent to the original. Explain how this might have happened, If Tenlarge a shape by scale factor 4, by how much will the area of the shape have increased? wm.GHAPTER 15: Geometry: Transformations, Problem-solving Activity Transformation problem Look at the diagram showing shape A and shape B. A | + B t i 1 I | L i Describe, using three combined transformations, how shape A can be transformed into shape B.16.1 Constructing triangles ele) i 79 GBD raw cach of the following triangles. a b Sem : “ Gem Sa c d c \ JX Sem tom e 10.em Tem (© Draw a triangle ABC with AB = 6 cm, ZA = 60° and ZB = 50°, @& dS Sein Can you draw this triangle accurately? If so, explain how you would do it, GD a@ Draw the shape om the right. b What is the name of the shape you have drawn? 5 em erm A Oo Sem (AU GSB Shehab says ‘As long as I know two sides of a triangle and one angle I can draw it’ Is Shehab correct? If not, explain why. (PS GED. You are asked to construct a triangle with two sides of 9 em and 10 cm and an angle of 60°, ‘Sketch all the possible triangles you could construct from this description. Ke) UNIT 3 FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding P'S (A03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 16: Geometry and measures: Constructions sie ci 16.2 Bisectors Tite we 16.3 Loci eae Draw a line 8 cm long. Bisect it with a pair of compasses. Check your accuracy by seeing if each half is 4 cm. @ Draw any triangle. bb Oneach side construct the line bisector. All your line bisectors should intersect at the same point. © Sce if you can use this point as the centre of a cifcle that fits perfectly inside the triangle, Draw a circle with a radius of about 4 om, b Draw a quadrilateral such that the vertices (comers) of the quadrilateral are on the circumference of the circle. © _Bisect two of the sides of the quadrilateral. Your bisectors should meet at the centre of the circle. a Draw any angle. Construct the angle bisector. © Check how accurate you have been by measuring each half. The diagram shows a park with two ice-cream sellers A and B. People always go to the ice-cream seller nearest to them. ‘Shade the region of the park from which people go to ice-cream seller B. Using a straight edge and 4 pair of compasses only, construct: aan angle of 15 degrees. an angle of 75 degrees. If T construct all the angle bisectors in a triangle, they will meet at a point Explain why I can draw a circle with this as the centre and why this circle will just touch each side of the triangle. Aisa fixed point. Sketch the locus of the point P when AP > 3 cm and AP <6 cm. C A and B are two fixed points 4 cm apart. Sketch the locus of the point P for the following situations: a AP3cmand BP >3 omCHAPTER 16: Geometry and measures: Constructions GBD A wheel rolls around the inside of a square. 1 Sketch the locus of the centre of the wheel, ‘The same wheel rolls around the outside of the square. Sketch the locus of the centre of 2 the wheel. ‘Two ships A and B, which are 7 km apart, both hear a distress signal from a fishing boat. ‘The fishing boat is less than 4 km from ship A and is less than 4.5 km from ship B. A helicopter pilot sees that the fishing boat is nearer to ship A than to ship B. Use accurate construction to show the region that contains the fishing boat. Shade this region. On a sheet of plain paper, mark three points A, B and C, about 5 to 7 cm away from one another, Find the locus of point P where: @Pisalways closer to a point A than a point B. b Pis always equal distances from points B and C. Sketch the locus of a point on the rim of a bicycle wheel as it makes three revolutions along a flat road. Each side of a square courtyard is 18 m long. The owner wants £o monitor it at night with surveillance cameras around the perimeter. The cameras can be rotated automatically and they have an effective range at night of 10 m. He has asked you how many cameras he needs to buy and where they should be placed. What do you suggest? HOMEWORK 16D > For Questions 1 to 3, you should start by sketching the picture given in eack question on a 6x6 grid, each square of which is 1 cm by } cm, The scale for each question is given. A goat is tethered by a rope, 10:m long, and a stake that is Fence 2m from each side of a field. What is the locus of the area stake! that the goat can graze? Use a scale of 1 em : 2 m. sue A cow is tethered to a rail at the top of a fence 4 m long. ‘The rope is 4 m long, Sketch the area that the cow can graze. Use a scale of Lem: 2cm.(CHAPTER 16: Geometry and measures: Constructions A hotse is tethered to a comer of a shed, 3 m by 1 m. ‘The rope is 4 50 long. Sketch the area that the horse can Tethered graze. Use a scale of Lom: 1m. Shed Note: For Questions 4 to 6, you should use a copy of the map on page 110. For each question, trace the map and mark those points that are relevant to that question, A radio station broadcasts from Birmingham with a range that is just far enough to reach York. Another tadio station broadcasts from Glasgow with a range that is just far enough to reach Newcastle. a Sketch the area to which each station can broadcast. b Will the Birmingham station broadcast as far as Norwich? ¢ Will the two stations interfere with each other? An air traffic control centre is to be built in Newcastle. If it has a range of 200 km, will it cover all the area of Britain north of Sheffield and south of Glasgow? A radio transmitter is to be built so that it is the same distance from Exeter, Norwich and Newcastle, 4 Draw the perpendicular bisectors of the lines joining these three places to find where the station is to be built. b__ Birmingham has so many radio stations that it cannot have another one within 50 km, ‘Can the transmitter be built? ‘Three radio stations receive a distress call from a boat in the North Sea. ‘The station at Norwich can tell from the strength of the signal that the boat is within 150 km of the station. The station at Sheffield can tell that the boat is between 100 and 150 km from Sheffield. If these two reports are correct, then how far away from the helicopter station at Neweastle might the boat be? The locus of a point is described as: + Scmaway from point A + equidistant from both points A and B. Which of the following could be true? a The locus is an arc. b The locus is just two points. ¢ The locus is a straight line, d_ The locus is none of these. vl(CHAPTER 16: Geometry and measures: Constructions North Sea ° 50 100 1S0_ 200250 miles See 050 100 150 200 250 300 350 km a BeCHAPTER 16: Geometry and measures: Constructions piesa et cena aC OO Or Functional Maths Activity Loci 1 Puta matchbox and a 2p coin on a table, Hold the matchbox stil and slide the coin around it, keeping the edge of the coin touching the box. TSR Garett a Grek ‘What is the locus of the centre of the coin? Draw a diagram to |) happens at the corners show it. ‘of the matchbox. 2 Now take the tray out of the matchbox, remove the matches and place the coin in the tray. Slide the coin around in the tray. It can go anywhere and does not have to touch the sides of the tray. ‘What is the locus of the centre of the coin in this case? Illustrate with a diagram. 3° Suppose you use a 1p coin instead of a 2p coin in questions 1 and 2. How would the loci be different? 4 What would the locus of the centre be like in questions } and 2 if you used a marble instead of acoin? 5 When the wheel of a bicycle tums, it rotates around a cylindrical axle. Between the wheel and the axle is a ring of ball bearings. You could model this by sliding a coin (the ball bearing) around a circular jar lid (the axle). “You can see eight ball bearings in this diagram. The axle goes through the centre. ‘What is the focus of the centre of one of the ball bearings as the wheel turns? Gl17.1 Pythagoras’ theorem 7) HOMEWORK 17, sa For any right-angled triangle: a +a b In each of the following right-angled tangles, calculate the length of the hypotenuse, x, siving your answers to one decimal place where necessary. Note: The triangles in this exercise are not drawn to scale. @ * x dem 24em Sem 37m 5.6om eg oom x 26cm em Which of the following are right-angled triangles? a 6 15 eo a rez XS 25 12 ° 24 ‘ oy n 2 ay X oe WX he 24 = The length of the diagonal of a square is 20 em. ‘What is the perimeter of the square? Kk UNIT 3 FIM Functional Maths AU (A02) Assessing Understanding PS (A03) Problem SolvingCHAPTER 17: Geometry: Pythagoras’ theorem oo ee aera Yeaoi See Joe is told that the diagonal of a square is 8 cm. He immediately says, ‘In that case, the area of the triangle must be 32 om?” Can you explain how he managed to work this out? 17.2 Finding a shorter side PETS TTS 7 i ea For any right-angied tsiengle: 6 Note: The triangles in this exercise are not drawn to scale. (GBD in each of the following right-angled triangles, calculate the length of x, giving your answers to one decimal place where necessary. a b © 72m d 27 em em ro 45 cm x “10m 31em Zo Tem 1S om * e xf 9 x h Bm 17.2em| 1000 m x ogg figem S 19 em Zo 650m 5m @@D in cach of the following right-angled triangles, calculate the length of x, giving your answers to one decimal place where necessary. a b c ism d 2em/ \Wem osem| XN 8m + aam\_ |* von om (GBD The diagram shows the end view of the am framework for a sports arena stand. Calculate the length AB. tem 4m(HAPTER 17: Geometry: Pythagores’ theorem M@@B A pilot flies for 300 km and finds himself 200 km north of bis original position. How far has he travelled in a horizontal direction? (PS @BP If you draw a semicircle on each side of a right-angled triangle, as shown below, what can ‘you say about their areas? (AU GBD Explain how you can tell that the length of CD is 4em. Adem EON : c B 13m 17.3 Solving problems using Pythagoras’ theorem eae eed GD A ladder, 15 metres long, leans against 2 wall. The ladder reaches 12 metres up the wall. How far away from the foot of the wall is the foot of the ladder? Give your answer to one decimal place. J 15m 12m @® A rectangle is 3 metres tong and 1.2 m wide. 3m How long is the diagonal? Give your answer to one decimal place. 12m GSD How long is the diagonal of a square with a side of 10 metres? Give your answer to one decimal place, @® A stip going from a port to a lighthouse steams $ km east and 6 km north. How far is the lighthouse from the port? At the moment, three towns, A, B and C, are A joined by two roads, as in the diagram. The council wants to make a road which runs directly 63 km from A to C. How much distance will the new road save? Give your answer to one decimal place. B 49 km c mB.CHAPTER 17: Geometry: Pythagores’ theorem ‘An 8-meire ladder is put up against a wall. a How far up the wall will it reach when the foot of the ladder is 1 m away from the wall? Give your answer to one decimal place. b> When it reaches 7 m up the wall, how far is the foot of the ladder away from the wall? Give your answer to one decimal place. ‘How long is the line that joins the two coordinates A(1, 3) and B(2, 2)? Give your answer to one decimal place. A rectangle is 4 em long. The length of its diagonal is 5 cm. What is the area of the rectangle? Give your answer to one decimal place, 1s a triangle with sides 9 cm, 40 cm and 41 cm a right-angled triangle? How long is the line that joins the two coordinates A{-3,~7), and B(4, 6)? y -7-6-5-4-3-2-10 1234567 A helicopter rises vertically from the ground 200 m, then flies due north for 300 m before turning due east for 500 m. How far is the helicopter now from its starting point? A 13-cm pencil fits exactly diagonally in a cylinder. cj I know that the dimensions of this cylinder are integer values. ‘What are the two possible dimensions of this cylinder? UNIT 3(CHAPTER 17: Geornetry: Pythagoras’ theorem Problem-solving Activity Pythagoras’ theorem An interesting spiral shape can be constructed with right-angled triangles, as shown in the diagram below. Lom FN em Dem ‘To make this shape, start with a right-angled triangle of base 2 m and height 1 cm (the shaded triangle at the bottom of the diagram). ‘The second right-angled triangle is built on top of the hypotenuse of the frst triangle, and has a height of Lom. The shape grows by continuing to put right-angled triangles (each with a beight of 1 em) on top, as shown in the diagram. 1 Draw the shape as far as you can go. 2 Measure the hypotenuse of the last triangle to be drawn, 3 Now calculate what that iength should have been, Now look 2t the following shape, which is built up from a first right-angled triangle which has a ‘hypotenuse of 5 cm and height 1 cm. This time, each triangle added underneath is built under the base of the previous one, with the previous base length becoming the new hypotenuse. 4 Continae drawing the shape as far as you think you can, 5 Measure the length of the smallest base that you end up with. 6 Calculate the length of the final base. -:‘William Collins? dream of knowledge for all began with the publication of his first book in 1819. A self-educated mill worker, he not only enriched willions of lives, but also founded a flourishing publishing house. Today, staying true to this spirit, Cotiins books are packed with inspiration, innovation and practical expertise. They place you at the centre of a world of possibility and give you exactly what you need to explore it, Collins. Freedom to teach, Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 77-85 Fulham Palace Road Hammersmith London W6 81B ‘Browse the complete Collins catalogue at ‘wwrs.collinseducation.com © HarperCollins Publishers Limited 2010 10987654321 ISBN-13 978-0-00-733991-4 Brian Speed, Keith Gordon, Keith Evans and Trevor Senior asceet their moral rights to be identified as the authors of this work. All rights reserved. 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